Indlela Izindaba Zenhlangano Ezihlola Ngayo I - Telecommunication Nemithetho Yemithombo Yezindaba

Izindlebe ze-Congregation zingenye yezinqubo ezinamandla kakhulu uhulumeni wase-United States ahlola ngazo, ukuma, nokulungisa isimo sezokuxhumana nezokuxhumana ngokushesha. Lezi zenzo ezingokomthetho, eziqhutshwa amakomiti eNdlu yoMkhandlu yabameleli neSigebengu, zivumela abenzi bomthetho ukuba baqoqe ubufakazi obuqavile, baphenye abaholi bezimboni, bahlole imisebenzi yezezimboni ehlongozwayo, futhi bahlole umthetho ohlongozwayo. Kukude kakhulu ukuba yize ukuvumelana nje, lezi zimiso ezilawula izingxoxo ezinqumayo ezinquma indlela amaMelika angena ngayo i-intanethi, isivikelo esikhona semininingwane yabo, imithombo yezindaba ezwakalayo, nendlela ubuchwepheshe obuvela ngayo njenge 5G nengqondo yokuzenzela izinto ezihlanganeni zansuku zonke. Lesi sihloko sihlola ngayo abakhathi, abaphethe iziteshi, abaholi abalalela izingxoxo abalalelayo, abalalela izingxoxo ezihlala njalo, namalungu ezisengosini sezindaba ezisembuzweni, nakuhlolweni ezihlanganisa umthetho, eziveza umthetho, eziveza umthetho.

Isisekelo Somthetho - sisekelo Nenjongo Yokuqulwa Kwecala Ngemikhandlu

Igunya lokuphatha ukuqulwa kwamacala lisuka eSiphakamisweni I soMthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S., esinika uMkhandlu amandla okuhlanganisa nokuphatha. Izindlebe zisebenza imisebenzi eminingi ehlukene kodwa ehambisanayo: zifundisa amalungu eSishaya-Mkhandlu ngezindaba zobuchwepheshe eziyinkimbinkimbi, zinikeza indawo yokudlulisela izikhalo zomphakathi, ziqoqa ukwaziswa okudingekayo ukuze kubekwe umthetho ophumelelayo, futhi zigcine izinhlangano ze-ocester kunye nezinhlangano ezizimele zilandisa ngezenzo zazo. E-temportary nemedia ichazwa ngokushesha ushintsho lwezesayensi yezomnotho nezokuxhumana nezokuhlalisa umphakathi kubaluleke kakhulu. Ziphoqa u-ilo oluphoqelele ukuba kudlule izimiso ezingenakuqondana, imibono engochwepheshe, nemiphumela yangempela yomhlaba.

Ukulalela Izindlebe

Akuzona zonke izimemezelo ezifanayo. Isibonelo, ikomiti ingabiza abaphathi be-FC ukuba bachaze ukulibala kwemidanti ekhona noma ukusebenza kwezinhlangano ezinjenge Federal Communications Commission (FC) neFederal TC]. Ikomiti ingabhekisa i-FC Commissions ukuba ichaze ukulibala kwenani elikhulu lezakhiwo noma ukuthethelela ukungathathi hlangothi kwenetha. I-Legislatess Comsm [, kwesinye isandla, ihlolwa ukuba ihlole izikwenzipho ezihlolwayo ngaphambi kokuba zifike egumbini eligcwele. Uma i-temcom entsha ingenza isenzo esihlongo-Dicene i-Antactives (ience-Antacy) ehloniclet) ne-Actives (ignual Actaltic) ehlonictivedmiggnywa yimboni enzisiwe, futhi ihlelwe ezime.

Abahlanganyeli Abayinhloko Nezindima Zabo

Icala elivamile lihilela abadlali abahlukahlukene, ngamunye onemithwalo yemfanelo ehlukile kanye nombono ohlukile. Ukuqonda ukuthi ubani ohlala etafuleni lofakazi () nokuthi kungani — kusiza ekucaciseni indlela ukwaziswa okugeleza ngayo enqubweni yomthetho.

Amalungu Omhlangano

Isihlalo sekomiti nelungu eliphezulu lihlela uhlelo, linqume ukuthi obani ofakazi abazomema, kanye nokubuza imibuzo yokulawula. Abameleli noma abameleli bavame ukusebenzisa iziyingi zabo ezinezinhlanu ukuze baqhubekisele phambili ukulandisa okuthile, bathathe iziphakamiso, noma baphawule ukungavumelani. Izwi lingasuka ku-collegial kuya ekulweni, ikakhulukazi ezindabeni zenkinobho eshisayo njengemfihlo yemininingwane noma ukuhlanganisa imithombo yezindaba.

Izikhulu Eziqondisayo

Abaqondisi, ikhomishane, nochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe be-FCC, FTC, ne-National TeTNAMEtic and Information Administration (NTIA) bavame ukufakazela. Ubufakazi babo bunikeza ukwaziswa ngezenzo zokuphoqelelwa kwemithetho, intuthuko yokubusa, nezinselele zesikhathi esizayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ekulaleleni ukuthunyelwa kwezindawo ezibanzi, izikhulu ze-FC ziveza amabalazwe ezindawo ezingagcinwanga futhi zichaze amagebelele emali.

Abameleli Bezemboni

I-CEO kanye nezikhulu zezikhulu zezikhulu ezithwele itelcom (AT, Verizton, T-Mobile), i-conglometrates (i-Comcast, i-Disney, Fox), kanye nobuchwepheshe basemapulatifomu (i-Google, i-Meta, i-Apple) bangofakazi basikhathi sonke. Basekela izithakazelo zabo, ngokuvamile baphikisa ukuthi imithetho ephakeme ivimbela ukusungulwa nokutshala. Amazwi abo ahleliwe agcizelela kakhulu ukusungulwa komsebenzi nentuthuko yezokuxhumana.

Isithakazelo Somphakathi Namaqembu Asebushineni

Izinhlangano ezinjenge-Public Knowledge, iCentre for Democracy & Technology, ne-Electronic Frontier Foundation zimenywa ukuba ziveze umbono womthengi nenkululeko yomphakathi. Zifuna imingcele eqinile yokuvikela imfihlo, yokuvimbela ukungathathi hlangothi kwenetha, nemingcele yokuba nezokungathathi hlangothi. I-Academic nezezomnotho zinikeza ukuhlaziywa kokuzimela, zenezela ukuthembeka kulombhalo.

Izindaba Ezivamile Ngaphansi Kwencwadi Yesandla

Izinhlelo zezindlebe zomphakathi ziveza izindaba ezicindezela kakhulu zosuku. Uma izihloko zishintshwa ubuchwepheshe obusha nezinto eziza kuqala kwezombangazwe, izihloko eziningi zibuye ziphinde zibuye zibuye zibuye.

Ukungathathi - hlangothi Kwe - Internet Futhi Kuvuliwe

Zimbalwa izimpikiswano eziye zabangela ukuzwa okuningi kwe-panel njengenethi lokungathathi hlangothi. Isimiso sokuthi abaxhasi benkonzo ye-Internet kufanele baphathe yonke imininingwane ngokulinganayo ngaphandle kokuvimbela, ukuvala, noma ukukhokhela. Ukuguqulwa kwe-FCCCC 2017 kokuHlulwa kwe-INC Umthetho we-INC kwenze ukuba kuhlolwe ngokushesha. Abaphathi-mthetho babuza u-FCC Caiarman Ajit Pai ngemiphumela kubathengi nasemabhizinisi amancane. Ngokulandelayo ukuzwa kuye kwaphikisana ngokuthi i-Processsss joct ingabathathathathi hlangothi. faka umthetho we-Inthaneti ye-NCC'ult ka-2019, eyadluliswa yindlu kodwa yangamenywa yi-Ntemplaye-gent, kwakuyisimende yalezi zigemgem.

Ukuba Wedwa Kwemininingwane Yezokwelapha Nokulondeka

Njengoba kuneziphazamiso zokwaziswa ezithinta amakhulu ezigidi zamaMelika, ukuzwa izindlebe zomuntu siqu sekuyindaba eyinhloko. Ihlazo le-Facebook/Cambridge Analytica laholela esiqeshini sebanga elide lapho uCEO Mark Zuckerberg abhekana khona cishe namahora ayishumi okuphenywa. Lezi zindlebe zadalula amagebedule omthetho wamanje wemfihlo futhi zikhuthaza iziphakamiso ezinjenge American Data Infic kanye ne Protection Act. OFakazi ngokuvamile bayaphikisana ngokuthi umthetho we-somstiki kahulumeni kufanele yini ulahle imithetho eqinile yezwe enjenge-California Consumer Act.

Ukuba Umnikazi Wezindaba Nokuhlukahluka Kwazo

Sekuyisikhathi eside ingqungquthela ikhathalela ukugcwala kobuni bemithombo yezindaba kanye nomphumela wayo ekwahlukaneni kwemibono. Izindlebe zihlola imithetho ye-FCC evimbela ukuthi zingaki iziteshi noma amaphephandaba angathola into eyodwa emakethe. Izikhawu zamuva ziye zagxila ethonyeni lamapulatifomu amakhulu anjenge-Google ne Facebook ephepha-ndaba nasekwehlani kwezindaba zendawo. I-Journalismismismism and Sucture Act, evumela abamemezeli ukuba baxhunyiwe ngamapulatifomu, yalolwa yizindaba ezinjalo.

Ukutholakala Kwezigebengu Ezibanzi Nokuhlukana Kwazo

Ngisho nangaphambi kobhadane lwe-COVID-19 lwaqokomisa ukuphuthuma kokuxhumanisa ibhande, ukuzwa okukwezinombolo kwakuyinqubo. Abenzi bomthetho babuza i-ISP ngokuzingela, ukubekwa ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, nokunemba kwamabalazwe. Amabalazwe ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-65 (amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-200) abekelwe ukuboshelwa ububanzi eInfrastructure Investicement nase Jobs Act ka-2021 atshelwa ngeminyaka eminingi yobufakazi obubonisa ukuthi izigidi zemikhaya ziswele imali eshibhile, ene-Internet.

Imidlalo Exubile: 5G, I - speedrum, Ne - AI

Isimiso sokukhipha imishini ye-5G ye-millimeter, ukuhlelwa kobubanzi bomsakazo, kanye nemiphumela yokuhlakanipha kokwenziwa kwemithombo yezindaba ne-telecom manje kuyizihloko ezingaphambili ezishisa kakhulu. Izindlebe ziye zakhuluma ngezindaba zokulondeka kwesizwe ngabathengisi bamaShayina abanjengoHuawei, inqubo yokudayisa amalayisensi ahlukahlukene, kanye nethuba lokuba i-Al ilawule okuqukethwe noma ukukhishwa kwemisebe. Lezingxoxo zidinga izinga eliphakeme lekhono lobuchwepheshe kubo bobabili abenzi bomthetho nofakazi, futhi ukuzwa kuvame ukusebenza njengezifundo zokubhidliza amalungu ekomitini.

Ithonya Ekwahluleleni Nesinyathelo Sokuhlola

Nakuba ukuzwa ngokwako kungadluli imithetho, badala izimo zokushintsha kwemithetho. Irekhodi elingokomthetho − kuhlanganise ne-rekhodisphoct, i-access ebhaliwe, nemininingwane − kuba isisekelo semali yokubhala phansi. Imibiko yamakomiti ivame ukukhomba ubufakazi obuqondile bokuthethelela ukuthi kungani ilungiselelo lidingeka.

Ukusuka Ekuzweni Kuya Elayisekeni Kuya Emthetho

Isithuthi esivamile siqala ngokuzwa ukuchaza inkinga. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemva kokuzwa okuningi kumarobhocall, i- i-Telephone Robocal Abuse Criminal Enforcement and Deterrence (TRACED) Act yadluliswa ngo-2019. Isenzo sagunyaza ukuba abagcini bemishini basebenzise ucingo futhi banikeze amathuluzi engeziwe okuqondisa. Ngokufanayo, ukuhluleka kwezimiso zezimiso zengozi phakathi neflashrifi kuhothe ukuveza iziphaka.

Ukubhidliza Kombuso

Izakhono zicindezela futhi izinhlangano zikahulumeni ukuba zithathe isinyathelo. Ngemva kwezwi lapho abamisi-mthetho bagxeka khona i-FCC ngokunamandla ngemithetho yobunikazi bezindaba, lenhlangano yamisa ukumiswa kokushaya umthetho okusha. Ubufakazi basobala obuvela kubasasazi abancane nakubaphathi abambalwa bakhonjiwe emyalezweni wekhomishane wokunciphisa imingcele ethile yokungena komsakazo. Imishini enamandla iveza amacebo ayo ngokulalela, futhi iSishayamthetho sisebenzisa ukuzwa ukuze sibonise lokho esikulindele kuleyo nhlangano.

Ukuthonya Umbono Womphakathi Nokukhishwa Kwezindaba

Izindlebe eziphezulu ziveza ukusakazwa okukhulu kwezindaba, okuthi nakho kulolonge umbono womphakathi kanye nezinto eziza kuqala. Umbukwane weCEO ofakwa phambi komthetho ungasusa ukulandisa empikiswaneni ethile. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuzwa kwenetha ukungathathi hlangothi, kuhlanganisa izimpande zotshani ezihlobisayo futhi kushukumisele izigidi zamazwi omphakathi kuyi-FCC. i-Congregation asebenza hhayi njengethuluzi lenqubo kuphela kodwa njengesigaba sokuhlela idemokrasi.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo: Izimpawu Zezindlebe Zashintsha ITelecom

Ukuhlola ukuzwa okuthile kuyasiza ekuvezeni ukuthi ingakwazi yini ukushintsha.

I - AT& ka - 2006; Izindlebe Ze - Appel Ne - Bell South Communiter

Lapho i-AT&T ihlongoza ukuhlangana namakomiti alwa ne-Fll South, alwa nomthetho-mlandu ne-telecom aqulwa kakhulu. Abagxeki baphikisa ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwalokhu kunganciphisa ukuncintisana emakethe engenantambo futhi kulimaze abathengi. Izindlebe zanikeza indawo yesikhulumi sabancintisanayo namaqembu abathengi yokuphikisa, okuholela ezimweni ezibekwa i-FCCC hlanganiseni zokungathathi hlangothi ezaqala ukuphikisana kamuva. Indaba ilokhu iyisibonelo sencwadi yezincwadi sendlela izindlebe ezingahlanganisa ngayo izimo.

I - Affice Affaice Affaice Affaice (208)

Ngo-April 2018, uFacebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg wafaka isaziso phambi kwecala elihlangene leSigele uJadiary neCommerce Committee, futhi kamuva phambi kwe House Energy and Commerce Committee. Ukuqulwa kwamacala kwakuyisikhathi esichithwayo sokuba amaphepha emininingwane emininingwane. Abenzi bomthetho bombili babefuna izimpendulo ngendlela imininingwane yomsebenzisi eyayivuniwe ngayo ngaphandle kwemvume. Umphumela wabona incithane yezindleko ezihlongozemfihlo zemfihlo, futhi ukuzwa kwandisa ukwamukela inqubo eqinile yokwaziswa embonini yezobuchwepheshe. Ubufakazi futhi baholela ekusungulweni kwekomiti yendlu enikezelwe ngezindaba zomsebenzi wezindaba zokugcina.

Ingxenye 230 Nezindlebe Ezilinganiselwe Ezikuqukethe

Ingxenye engu-230 yoMthetho Wokuxhumana oLawulayo, owenzela abaqondisi bezindawo zobupuleti abasebenzisa i-Internet abaphethe i-operation, ibiyisihloko sokuzwa kaningi phakathi neminyaka eyishumi edlule. Lokhu kulalela kuye kwaphikisana nabameleli benkululeko yokukhuluma nalabo abaphikisa ukuthi amapulatifomu kufanele abekelwe icala lokuqukethe okulimazayo. OFakazi baye bahlanganisa izazi ezingokomthetho, ababephethe iziphathi-zikhundla ze-Profetting, nabameleli bemikhaya abachaphazeleke ngokuxhashazwa yi-inthane. Nakuba kungekho nguquko ebanzi edlulile, ukuzwa kuye kwaholela ezikwelenzweni ezincane njengemali ezithi FOSTA-STA - ST iphaka] (ukushushumbisa ubulili) futhi bayaqhubeka ukutshela umzamo wokusebenza ngeminyaka eminingi.

Ukugxekwa Nokulinganiselwa Kwenqubo Yokuzwa

Naphezu kokubaluleka kwazo, ukuzwana kwamalungu kunezici ezinephutha. Abagxeki bakhomba ukuthambekela kokulalela i-Commission Committee yezenter ne-Judiary Committee ezimpomposweni zezombangazwe, amalungu asebenzisa isikhathi sabo ukunikeza ama-monogrance kunokuba abuze imibuzo enzima. Izikhathi ezilinganiselwe kanye nokwehlukana kwemithetho yekomiti kungaveza futhi umfanekiso ongaphelele. Ngokwesibonelo, ukulawula okuhlangene kweKomiti yezentengiselwano kanye neKomiti yamajajikishi ezingxabazweni zobuchwepheshe ngezinye izikhathi kuphumela ekudluliseleni noma ekuzwa okuphikisanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abashini abanezisekeli bemboni abanikeza imiyalezo ebhalwe ngokucophelela, kuyilapho amazwi abathengi engase abekwe ngaphansi kwe-mgadiwe.

Noma kunjalo, inqubo yokuzwa iseyindlela ebonakala kakhulu yokukhipha imibono encintisanayo ezindabeni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuba khona kwemidwebo, ama - video, nezincwadi ezibhaliwe kwenza abacwaningi, izintatheli, nomphakathi ukuba baphendule kokubili abenzi bomthetho nofakazi esikhathini eside ngemva kokuwa.

Indlela Izakhamuzi Ezingahlanganyela Ngayo Nemiphumela Yokuzwa

Umphakathi awusona nje isibukeli esingenzi lutho. Noma ubani angalandela ukuzwa okuzayo nge- Conreg.gov uhlelo lwekomiti, bheka imifudlana ephilayo emawebhukwini amakomiti, futhi unikeze ubufakazi obubhaliwe noma amabhukwana esikhundla. Amaqembu amaqembu awe-akhasi avame ukuhlela imikhankaso yotshani eletha amazwi aqondene ngqo kuzisebenzi zekomiti. Ngemva kwalokho, izakhamuzi zingathintana nabameleli bazo ukuze zibonise ukusekela noma ukuphikisa umthetho ohlongozwayo. Enkathini lapho i-tenametalism nesimiso sezokuxhumana kulungisa imfanelo yenkulumo yentando yentando yeningi, ukuhlala ziqondiswe ngemikhankambizo yezindaba kuyisimo sokuhlanganyela kwezezeze-yomphakathi.

Iziyalezo Zesikhathi Esizayo: Yini Ezolandela I - agenda Ezwayo?

Ukubheka phambili, izimpikiswano eziningi ezisavelayo cishe ziyobusa ukuqulwa kwezindaba ze-telecom nemithombo yezindaba. Uhlelo lwe-BEAD lwasemaphandleni olubanzi luzobangela ukuqulwa kwezeluleko ngendlela izimali ezabelwe ngayo. Ukuthengiswa noma ukuchitheka kwezinkampani ezinkulu zasesiteji kungabangela ukuvinjelwa kwezindlebe eziqinile. Impikiswano ngokuphinda kubhalwe kabusha kwegunya lokudayisa i-FCCC iyoletha futhi imboni nofakazi bakahulumeni phambi kwamakomiti. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba amandla awenziwe aqukethe ukutusa, ukukhiqizwa kwezindaba, nokukhangisa, ukuzwa ngokukhanya okungalawuleki kwemithetho kanye nobandlululo kungagwegwegwegwe.

Abanye abakhi bemithetho baye bahlongoza imithetho elawulayo ukuze bavumele ubufakazi obukude, izindlebe ezizwayo, nokutholakala okungcono kwemishini emidala. Lokhu kushintsha kungenza ukuzwa kube okugcwele futhi kuthathe ijubane loshintsho lwezobuchwepheshe.

Isiphetho

Ukuzwa kwe-Congress kungaphezulu kakhulu kwemithetho engokwe-procedroalism, − kuyindlela elawulayo lapho isimiso sokuxhumana nezokuxhumana sivivinywa khona, sicwengisiswa, futhi ekugcineni sifekethiswa. Kusukela ekungathathi-hlangothini kwenetha kuya ekutholweni kwemininingwane yezindaba, kusukela ekuhlanganeni kwemitapo yezibalo, ukuzwa kunikeza i-inshong eyingqayizivele lapho amandla ebuzwa khona, ubufakazi obunikezwayo, futhi izithakazelo zomphakathi zilinganiswa khona ngokumelene nezisusa zangasese. Nakuba kungaphelele, kuhlala kungelinye lamathuluzi abalulekile kakhulu embusweni yentando yentando yeningi engxenyeni ethinta zonke izici zokuphila kwanamuhla. Ukuqonda ukuthi lezi zindlebe zisebenza kanjani, ukuthi zihlanganyela, ukuthi zihlolwa kanjani, ziveza kanjani umthetho, futhi ziveza kanjani ukuthi umuntu ofuna ithonya noma ukuqonda imithetho ebusayo.