Isisekelo Sokuqondisa

Amanxusa alawulayo amile njengomgogodla wobubusi banamuhla, eqinisekisa ukuthi izimboni zisebenza phakathi kwemingcele engokomthetho evikela impilo yomphakathi, ukuphepha, nokulunga. Nakuba izakhamuzi ezivamile zingaboni umsebenzi wazo wansuku zonke, lezi zikhungo zisebenzisa ingxubevange eyinkimbinkimbi yezokuzigcina zivuma. ... Izimboni zezentengiselwano ne-Exchange (SEC) zifaka izimali ezimakethengisweni zemali ezingeni lokugcina i-evironing Agement Agement (EPA)[FLT] kuviron , [[FLT]] ukulondoloza umoya nezinga lamanzi, izinhlangano eziphambili zemishiniyo ezifaka izingozini ezingxenyeni zayo. Lesi sihloko sibuyisela i-evictivesting transchemist, izinselele zamathuluzi asebenza ngezindlela zazo.

Izinhlobo Zezinhlangano Eziqondisayo Nezimiso Zazo

Akubona bonke abantu abalawulayo abasebenza ngendlela efanayo, isimo sabo negunya kuyahluka kuye ngemboni abaqondisayo nangemithetho eyabadala. Ukuqonda lokhu kungafani kuyisihluthulelo sokwazisa indlela ukuphoqelelwa kwemithetho esebenzayo okusebenza ngayo.

Izinkonzo Zomphakathi Ezizimele

Izinhlangano ezizimele njenge- Federal Trade Commission (FTC) zisebenza ngaphandle kokulawulwa ngokuqondile umongameli, ziphethe amakhomishane asebenza ngokunyakazisayo ukuze zibavikele ekucindezeleni kwezombangazwe. Lokhu ukuzimela kuwenza aphishekele ukuphoqelelwa kwezenzo zokulwa nezinhlangano ezinkulu ngaphandle kokwesaba ukujeziswa. Ngokwesibonelo, i-FTC, ingakhipha imingcele yokuyeka nemithetho yobushiqela, ibeke isijeziso somba, futhi idingeniswa inzuzo yokungatholi inzuzo ephakeme efunwa yizentethelensi efuna inzuzo yokungathembi nakwenqabela izindleko zokuvikela abathengi.

Izinhlangano Zegatsha Eziphethe

Izinhlangano eziphethe njenge-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) ziwela ngaphansi komnyango wekhabethe (kulendaba, uMnyango Wezisebenzi). Izinto eziza kuqala ekunakekeleni kwabo ukusebenza zingashintsha kubaphathi ababo, kodwa igunya labo lokuhlola umsebenzi nokukhipha imishwana kusenamandla. Amahhovisi esifunda sase-OSHANA ahambisana nezinhlelo zesilinganiso sikahulumeni zokuhlanganisa izigidi zemisebenzi.

Imibuso Nabaphathi Bendawo

Izenzo eziningi zokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa komthetho ziqala ezingeni likahulumeni, lapho izinhlangano zengamela khona izindawo ezinjengokugunyaza ochwepheshe, imvume yendawo ezungezile, nomshuwalense. Abameli abavamile bamazwe basebenzisana njalo nabaqondisi bamazwe ukuze balethe izenzo eziningi ezimelene nezinkampani eziphula imithetho yokuvikela abathengi. Lesi simiso esinamabhukwana siqinisekisa ukuthi ngisho noma imithombo kahulumeni isesimweni esiphansi, abaqondisi bendawo bangangena.

I - pyramid Yokuphoqelelwa: Kusuka Esikhuthazo Kuya Ekuhlanzekeni

Ukuphoqelelwa kwemithetho akuyona nje indlela yokubili "evumelana" no"uthofu" kunalokho, izinhlangano zilandela indlela yokuthweswa iziqu eyanda ngokusekelwe ekuqineni nasemgomweni wokwephulwa. Le nqubo ebekwe ngomjikelezo ivimbela ukuvumelana nokubambisana.

Imfundo Nokungenela (Isisekelo)

Izinhlangano zinikela kakhulu ekusizeni izinhlangano ezilawulwayo ziqonde izibopho zazo. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), ngokwesibonelo, zikhipha izincwadi zesiqondiso ezibanzi, izimemezelo zemisebe yemisebe, futhi zinikeza imihlangano yangaphambi kwenkathi yabenzi bemishini yezokwelapha. Lendlela esebenzayo inciphisa ukungaxhubani nokwethembana ngamabomu.

Ukuzilanda Nokuzihlomela

Izinhlangano eziningi zinikeza izisusa zezinkampani zokuzilimaza. I-EPA's Applic Policy noma izijeziso ezijezisayo uma ifemu ithola, yambula, futhi ilungisa ukuwohloka kwendawo ezungezile phakathi kwe-pareji yesikhathi esicaciwe. Ngokufanayo, uhlelo lokubambisana lwe-SEC luvuza izinkampani eziza ngokuzithandela ngobufakazi bokuziphethe kabi kwangaphakathi. Le zinhlelo zikhuthaza impucuko yokuziphendulela ngokugcina imithombo yezezobuchwepheshe.

Ukuhlola Nemikhankaso

Lapho imfundo nokuzibika kusilela, inqubo ehleliwe nokuhlolwa kusebenza. Izimo ezifana ne-OSHA zenza kokubili ukuhlola okuhleliwe (kusekelwe ehlelweni lengozi yemboni) kanye nokuhlola okungahlelwanga (okubangelwa ukukhononda, ama-heatriral, noma izingozi). Phakathi nokuhlolwa, ukubukeza, ukuhlola, ukuhlolwa kwezezimali, nokuhlola izakhiwo. Ukuvikela ukulondeka ne-Health Administration [ kukwenza ukuphambana okungalawuleki ngokobukhazi obuncane, "kwenye-ubunye"" ukunquma ukujezisa isijeziso". Isibonelo, ukwephulwa komthetho owenze ekufeni kwezisebenzi.

Ukucwaninga Nezinhlayiya

Uma ubufakazi busikisela ukwenza okubi ngamabomu, izinhlangano zidlondlobala ekuhlolweni okungokomthetho. Zingakhipha izikhalo ezingaphansi kwezincwadi nobufakazi, ziqhube izingxoxo ezifushaniswe isifungo, futhi zihambisane nomthetho. I-SEC's Division of Enigdation isebenzisa imininingwane yokuhlola izindlela zokuhweba ezisolekayo. Kwesinye isenzakalo esiphawulekayo, i-SEC yaletha amacala enkampanini yezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe ekufumbathiseni ngokufumbathisa ngaphansi komthetho we-International Exporactics Act ngemva kophenyo olwenze iminyaka emithathu namazwe amahlanu. I-Sciegionatorers zivame ukusebenza ngezenzo zobugebengu ezihambisana ne-mthetho eholwa uMnyango weSishayamthetho.

Izenzo Zokuphatha Nezinhle

Izenzo eziningi zokuphoqelela zixazululwa ngokuqulwa kwecala esikhundleni sokuqulwa kwenkantolo. Izimemezelo zezikhulu zikhipha iziyalo zokuqondisa ezidinga ukuqondiswa kwezenzo zokulungisa, ukuphonsa izijeziso zemali, noma ukuqeqeshelwa ukuthobela umthetho. I-EPA ingakhokha imali engafinyelela ku-R5,808 ngosuku ngosuku (eyenzelwe ukwehla kwamandla emali). Izequabhu ezithi zikhokhwa njalo, inkampani ingayibhekisa kuMnyango wobulungisa wezezakhamuzi noma obugebengu.

Ukukhishwa Kwemali Nokuchithwa (I - apex)

Izijeziso ezinzima kakhulu zikhipha isiqu selungelo laso lokusebenza. Amabhodi emalishing angamisa noma akhiphe amalayisense ochwepheshe odokotela, abahlengikazi, noma abakhi abaphula imithetho. Inhlawulo yezezimali ze-Foderal ikhipha izinkampani ezithathelwe imvume kahulumeni enkathini emisiwe [1] umphumela oyinhlekelele ezifemini ezithembele emalini kahulumeni. Lezi zinyathelo ezidlulele zigcinelwe izigebengu eziphindiwe noma labo abaye babonisa ukungakunaki ngokuphelele ukuphepha komphakathi.

Ngamuva Kwamathuluzi Namasuntswana

Ukuqonda lezi zindlela kwembula ukujula kwamandla abo okuqinisekisa ukuthi basebenza.

Imininingwane Ne - ai

Imishini isebenzisa ukwaziswa okukhulu kakhulu ukuze ikwazi ukuhlasela imithombo yezobuchwepheshe ngokuphumelelayo. I-IRS isebenzisa amanani alawula ukukhokhwa kwentela ephambuka emithethweni elandelanayo. I-FDA ilawula imibiko emibi yemikhiqizo ethakwayo esebenzisa izimpawu zezindaba zokuphepha ezingase zikhonjwe. Lamathuluzi avumela izinhlangano ukuba zinciphise izigidi zezindawo zokwaziswa futhi zigxile ekusebenziseni ulwazi kubantu ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu.

Izinhlelo Zokuphehla Izintuthwane

Imibiko ye-insider ingenye yamathuluzi anamandla kakhulu okuphoqelela izisebenzi ukuba zikhokhe. Uhlelo lokushaya ikhwelo lwe-SEC lukhokhe imali engaphezu kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane zamaRandi emiklomelweni kusukela ngo-2012, nezindlela eziholela ekuqikeleleni ingqikithi yezenzo eziyizigidi zezigidi ngesijeziso semali. Abafuyi bemibhoshongo bangabika ngokungaziwa emachwebeni alondekile, futhi izinhlangano ezinjengo OSHE zivikela izisebenzi ekuphindiseleni. Le zinhlelo ziveza inqubo ehlala njalo ehlombenisweni. Inkampani ingaqiniseka ukuthi izisebenzi ezikhathazekile aziqiniseki ukuthi imvume yokubhala yonke impoqo.

Imisebenzi Yasemgudwini Nenani Lezinto Eziningi

Ezindaweni ezinezitokisi ezinkulu njengokuphepha kokudla nokwenza imilaliso, abalawuli bangasebenzisa ukuthenga noma ukuhlola. I-FDA ivame ukuhlola ukudla okuthengiswe kwamanye amazwe ngokuthenga amasampula ezikhungweni zokusakaza nangamaketanga alandelelanayo. Phakathi nehlazo le-hardmeat eYurophu, abaqondisi basebenzisa i-DNA ukuze bahlolwe ukuthi inyama ebhalwe kabi, manje indlela yokuhlola ukuthi ikhona ngempela.

Ukubambisana Kwezizwe Zonke

Izimboni ezihwebelanayo zidinga ukugcinwa kwemithetho evimbelayo. Izimo eziphuthumayo zincike ezivumelwaneni zokusizana ezingokomthetho (IMLAT) kanye nasemehlweni lokuqondana namazwe angaphandle. I-International Concentivenel Network (ICN) ivumela ukubambisana phakathi kweziphathimandla ezilwa nokholo. I-Financial Action Task Force (FATF) imisa izindinganiso zokulwa nokugawulwa kwemali, futhi amazwe ahlulekayo ukuvumelana nezijeziso zezomthetho. Lenethiwekhi iqinisekisa ukuthi umuntu ophambukayo akanakukwazi ukubalekela ukulandisa ngokususa i-transtenst.

Izifundo Zezifo Zezwe Ezingokoqobo

Ukuhlola izenzo ezithile zokugcinwa kwamaphoyisa kusivusa.Isibonelo ngasinye sibonisa indlela izinhlangano eziwasebenzisa ngayo amathuluzi achazwe ngenhla.

Isifundo sendaba 1: I-EPA ne-Volkswagen "Dieselga"

Ngo-2015, i-EPA yathola ukuthi i-Volkswagen yafaka imishini enqotshiwe enqoleni ka diesel cishe eziyizigidi ezingu-60 000 ukuze ikhohlise ukukhishwa kwegesi. Amathuluzi agunyaza ukukhishwa kwegesi ahlanganisa: ekuhlolweni kwegesi ephuma ngesivinini se-California Air Resources Board (CARB), izingxoxo zokukhumbula, nokukhononda komphakathi okufuna izigidi zezigidi zezijeziso. Umphumela: i-Volkswagen yakhokha imali engaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-30 zamasheyadi, izikhungo, kanye nezindleko zokukhokha izindleko zokulawula imishini emikhulu emlandweni. Indaba futhi yabangela ukuba kube nenqubo entsha yokuzigwebo zezimoto i-crice.

Ukuhlolwa Kwezenzakalo 2: OSHA Nomkhathi Wamanzi Ajulile

Ngemva kokuchitheka kuka-OSH kuphenya i-BP ye-Foul ebulalayo ngo-2010 eMexico, i-OSTA yahlola izindlela zokuphepha ze-BP. Inhlangano yakhomba ukwephulwa kwe-BP ngamabomu kwama-49.(inani eliphakeme kakhulu) emlandweni we-OSHA (inani eliyizigidi ezingu-amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-37) futhi yahlongoza ukukhomba izijeziso. Ngalé kwemali ehlawulisiwe, i-OSH yaphoqelelwa ukuba i-BP ukuba isebenzise izinguquko ezinkulu ukuze ilawule ukuphepha. Lesi sibonelo sibonisa ukuthi inhlekelele eyodwa engabangela kanjani ukusabela okunzima kwenhlangano.

Ukuhlolwa Kwezenzakalo 3: I - SEC Ne - tradar Engaphakathi

I-SEC'S Enircement Division isebenzisa izimiso eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuhlola ukuthengiselwa kwezentengiselwano ezingavamile. Endabeni engu-2019, i-SEC yafaka umphathi wezimali zethange futhi wathengisa ngaphakathi ngemva kokukhipha amasheya emisebenzi ethile ngaphambi kwesaziso somphakathi. Inhlangano yasebenzisa amarekhodi e-cellphone, imininingwane yokuthengisa, nobufakazi bokufakaza ukuze kwakhiwe icala layo. Ummangalelwa wahlala ngo-R3,3 000 000 futhi wamukela ukuvinjelwa kwemboni iminyaka emihlanu. Abadayisi banikeza ubufakazi obuyinhloko ngokuhlola okufanayo.

Izinselele Ezithonya Amandla Anamuhla

Ukuqaphela lezi zithiyo kuyasiza ekuchazeni ukuthi kungani ngisho nezinhlangano ezihlelwe kahle ngezinye izikhathi zibonakala zisabela kahle kunokuba zithathe isinyathelo.

Igebe Lemithombo Yengcebo

Imishini enjenge FDA ihlola ingxenye encane yezindawo ezingaphansi kwegunya layo. Igebe eliphakathi kokuhlola iFDA embonini yezidakamizwa iminyaka emine − ikhefu elide lapho ukuphuka okukhulu kungabonwa khona. Ukunqanda uqingqo-mali kusho ukuhlelwa kwama-trik aphezulu kakhulu, ukushiya izindawo eziphansi zingaqondisi kakhulu. Amasu anjengezingxube zesithathu nokuhlolwa kwemitapo ekude ukuzama ukunwebeka imithombo yemali, kodwa zivela nezici zazo siqu zokulawula izinga eliphezulu.

Ukuhlaselwa Kwezimiso Nokucindezela Kwezombangazwe

Uma abaqondisi beqala ukusondelana kakhulu nezimboni abazabelelayo, ukuphoqelelwa komthetho kungathamba. Ukuqasha inkampani ngemuva nje kusebenzela izimboni ezilawulwayo − zenza izingxabano zesithakazelo. Izinhlangano zilwa nokuthumba ngemithetho yokuziphatha, izimfuneko zokubonana, nesabelo esiguquguqukayo sezikhulu zezisebenzi. Nokho, ukucindezela kwezombangazwe kweKhongolose noma iWhite House kungathonya futhi ukugcinwa kwezinto eziza kuqala, ikakhulukazi ezinhlanganweni zamagatsha eziphethe.

Ukushintsha Kwendlela Esetshenziswa Ezobuchwepheshe

I-Cryptocurrency, i-Ai-driven mithetho-mgamu yokuhweba, kanye nokuhlela konke kuveza izinselele zokuqinisekisa ukuthi imithetho ekhona ayizange iklanyelwe ukusingatha. Imishini kumelwe ikhiphe isiqondiso futhi inikeze imithetho emisha kuyilapho ukugcinwa kwemithetho kulindele ukucaca. Imizamo yamuva yokulawula ukuhlakanipha kokwenziwa imelela umncintiswano wokufica ezobuchwepheshe. Imishini iqasha izazi zesayensi nabadwebi bezinto zokubhala izimfihlo ukuvala igebe.

Izithiyo Ezingokomthetho Nezokumangalela

Izinhlangano ezilawulwayo ngokuvamile ziphikisa izenzo zezinhlangano enkantolo, ziphikisa amaphutha acushiwe noma asekelwe eqenjini. UMthetho we-Administrative Procedure udinga izinhlangano ukuba zilandele izinqubo ezithile zokwenza imithetho nezokufushanisa, futhi noma ikuphi ukuphambuka kungaholela ekugumbuqeleni imisho. Izinkampani zingahlehlisa ukuvuma ngezicelo iminyaka eminingi. Ukuphikisana nalokhu, izinhlangano zifaka amaqembu angokomthetho futhi ziqinisekisa ukuthi amarekhodi azo asebenza ngokusheshisekayo, kuqashe kakhulu, futhi ziqaphela ukuthi zonke iziteshi kumelwe zimelane nokuhlola komthetho.

Ikusasa Lokuphoqelelwa Ukuba Kuqondiswe

Ochwepheshe benkampani kufanele balindele ukuthi lezi zinguquko ziyoqhubeka.

Ukuhlolwa kwesikhathi sangempela ne-IoT

I-inthanethi yezinto (IoT) manje inganikeza ukwaziswa okuqhubekayo ngegesi ekhishwayo, izinga lokushisa, kanye nemishini. Ezinye izinhlangano zendawo ezungezile zizama ukuqapha ukuthi imishini eqaphelisa isikhathi esidlulelwe phambili. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuthembela ekuhloleni ngezikhathi ezithile futhi kuvumela ukungenela ngokushesha.

Ukuphoqelelwa Kwemithetho Yomthetho - sisekelo

Kusetshenziswa amasampula afundile emishinini ukubikezela ukuphulwa kwesikhathi esizayo. I-SEC's Division of Enigsterment isebenzisa uhlelo lolimi olungokwemvelo lokuhlola izitatimende zemali ukuze kubhalwe izimpawu zokukhwabanisa. Nakuba amathuluzi anjalo ephakamisa ukukhathazeka ngobandlululo nangenqubo efanele, anikeza ukuphumelela okukhulu kakhulu ekulungiseni ukwaziswa okukhulu.

Izivikelo Zokuvuthela Ezithuthukisiwe

I-SEC muva nje yandisa ukufaneleka kwabantu abafaka umbiko wemiklomelo kuqala. Imishini futhi ithumela izikhungo ezingaziwa ezibika amathende ukuze ikhuthaze amacebiso engeziwe.

Ukuvunyelwana Kwembulunga Yonke

Njengoba amaketanga okunikeza aqala ukuba yinkimbinkimbi, abaphathi bamazwe amaningi basebenzisana kakhulu ekuhloleni okuhlangene. Isivumelwano samuva se-EU ne-U sokuqaphelana kokuhlola imithi sinciphisa ukukhiqizana kuyilapho silondoloza izinga lokuphepha.

Isiphetho: Isivikelo Esingabonakali Sokulandisa

Izinhlangano eziqondisayo ziphoqelelwa ukuba zivumelane ngesimiso semfundo esihlelwe kahle, ukuhlolwa, uphengululo, nezijeziso. Ngaphansi kwencwadi ngayinye elungile noma exwayisayo kunamahora okuhlaziywa kokwaziswa, ukubukezwa komthetho, nomsebenzi wasendle. Lezizenzo, ngokuvamile ezingabonakali emphakathini, zidala izimo zemikhiqizo ephephile, indawo ezungezile ehlanzekile, nezimakethe ezilungile. Nakuba izinselele ezifana nokungahleleki kwemithombo yezemisebenzi nokungahleleki kwezobuchwepheshe kuqhubeka, izinhlangano ziyaqhubeka zisebenzisa amathuluzi amashabhula, kanye nezinhlangano zomhlaba wonke ukuze zikwazi ukuhlala ziphumelela.