Abalawuli abaningi e-United States banomthwalo wemfanelo wokwenza izinqumo ezithinta izigidi zezakhamuzi, kusukela ekuhleleni imali, kusukela ekuhleleni nasekusabeleni kwempilo yomphakathi ekuthuthukiseni inguquko nezokutshala izakhiwo. Enkathini yezinselele eziyinkimbinkimbi, izikhulu eziningi zikahulumeni ziye zaphendukela ekwazisweni nasekuqondiseni izinqumo zazo. Kunokuba zithembele kuphela ekuqapheleni okungokwezombangazwe noma ebufakazini obungokwezentengiselwano, ababusi banamuhla basebenzisa ukuhlaziya okunzima kokuhlola izinkinga, inqunyulwa kwemikhakha, kanye nemiphumela. Lokhu kushintshela ekuqondiseni ukwaziswa okulawulwayo okunempumelelo eyengeziwe, ukulandisa, ukuthembeka komphakathi okuthuthukiswe.

Lesi sihloko sihlola indlela ababusi abasebenzisa ngayo ukwaziswa kanye ne-alytics ukuze bazise izinqumo zesimiso, bahlole uhlobo lokwaziswa abathembele kulo, izindlela abazisebenzisayo, kanye nethonya langempela lalezindlela. Ibuye ikhulume ngezinselele namathuba atholakala ngokusetshenziswa kokwaziswa futhi ibheke phambili ekubusweni kobufakazi.

Ukwanda Kokubusa Kwemininingwane

Umqondo wokusebenzisa ukwaziswa enkambisweni yomphakathi awumusha ngokuphelele, kodwa isikali, ijubane, nokuyinkimbinkimbi kokwaziswa kuye kwakhula kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Ngokwesiko, ababusi benza izinqumo ezisekelwe elulekweni esingochwepheshe, umbono womphakathi, izibalo zezombangazwe, nezenzakalo ezingokomlando. Nakuba lezi zici zisebalulekile, ukwaziswa okungasekelwe ekuhloleni isisekelo sesayensi sokuhlola izindlela zokukhetha nokubikezela imiphumela.

Ohulumeni boMbuso baye bafaka izakhiwo zemininingwane, kuhlanganise nezinqolobane zemininingwane ezisenkabeni, amapulatifomu ahlakaniphile ezamabhizinisi, namaqembu amelene ne-alytics. Ngokokuhlola kwe-National Association of Shist Information Officeers (NASCIO), cishe zonke izifundazwe ziye zasungula uhlelo oluthile lwemininingwane ukuze zisekele isimiso nezinqumo ezisebenzayo. Ababusi abaningi baye basungula amahhovisi okwaziswa anikezelwe noma bamisa abaphathi abakhulu bemininingwane yezokwengamela le mizamo.

Umshayeli oyinhloko walokhu kuthambekela ukutholakala kokwaziswa kwangempela okuvela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, kuhlanganise namarekhodi kahulumeni, izinzwa, iziphuphutheki, nemithombo yezokuxhumana. Intuthuko ekwakheni amandla okuthumela nokugcina izinto ikwenze kwakwazi ukuhlaziya ukwaziswa okukhulu ngokushesha nangezindleko. Ngenxa yalokho, amajaji angafinyelela ulwazi olufikela phambili ngezimiso zezomnotho, ukubheduka kwezifo, ukuvela kwezindlela zezimoto, nokunye okuningi.

Izinhlobo Zemininingwane Esetshenziswa Ohulumeni

Abalawuli bancike ohlotsheni oluningi lwemininingwane ukuze bazise izinqumo zabo. Ukwaziswa okukhethekile okudingekayo kuxhomeke ezindaweni ezimisiwe, kodwa ezinye izigaba zibaluleke kakhulu ezicini eziningi zokubusa.

Imininingwane Yezibalo

Ukwaziswa okuphathelene nenani labantu, ukuhlukana kobudala, inzuzo yobuhlanga, amazinga emali, imfundo, kanye nendawo. Lokhu kwaziswa kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni izidingo zemiphakathi ehlukene namandla ahlukene ngokulinganayo. Ngokwesibonelo, umbusi ocabangela inyathelo elisha lokuhlola impilo angase asebenzise ukwaziswa okuphathelene nezindawo ezigcwele asebekhulile noma abampofu abangase badinge izinkonzo zokuzisebenzela.

Izinhlangano zikahulumeni zivame ukuqoqa ukwaziswa kwamanani abantu nge-Census Bureau, ukuhlola kwesifundazwe, kanye namarekhodi okuphatha. I-American Community Survey (ACS) iwumthombo oyinhloko walokhu kulinganisela, inikeza izilinganiso zaminyaka yonke zezifunda nezindawo. Ohulumeni basebenzisa futhi izibalo zamanani abantu ukuhlela izidingo zesikhathi esizayo, njengamandla esikole noma izakhiwo zokuhamba.

Imininingwane Yezomnotho

Imininingwane yezomnotho ihlanganisa amaholo emisebenzi, amaholo, ukukhula kwezamabhizinisi, ukuhlelwa kwezezimboni, inzuzo kahulumeni, kanye nomkhiqizo wezwe ongathi awubekiwe (GDP). Ohulumeni basebenzisa lokhu kwaziswa ukuze bahlole impilo yezomnotho zikahulumeni wabo futhi baklame izimiso ezikhuthaza ukusungulwa kwemisebenzi nokuzinziswa kwezomnotho. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi nokuwohloka kwezomnotho, umbusi angahlola izimfuno zokungasebenzi kanye nokuvinjelwa kwebhizinisi ukunquma ukuthi iziphi izinqubo zokuqeqesha umsebenzi noma imali ebolekwa kwebhizinisini elincane.

Izinhlangano zezisebenzi zikahulumeni nezinhlangano zezentengiselwano zezomnotho ziveza okuningi kwalokhu kwaziswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithombo kahulumeni enjenge-Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) ne-Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) inikeza amabhodi alinganayo abonisa izingxenyana zezomnotho ngesikhathi sangempela, ivumela ababusi nezisebenzi zabo ukuba bahlole izimo ngokuzibuka nje.

Imininingwane Yempilo

Imininingwane yezempilo ihlanganisa ukwaziswa okuphathelene nokwanda kwezifo, ukukwazi ukugoma, amazinga okugoma, ukutholakala kwempilo, ukufa kwezinsana, kanye nezimo ezimahlalakhona. Umqedazwe we-COVOID-19 wabonisa indlela okubaluleke ngayo kubabusi ukwaziswa kwempilo yangempela. Izifunda eziningi zaveza amabhodi empilo omphakathi afuna ukugcinwa kwamacala, ukufakwa ezibhedlela, nokufa, okwenza ukuba kungenele kakhulu.

Ngaphandle kobhadane, ababusi basebenzisa imininingwane yezempilo ukuxazulula izinkinga zempilo njenge nkinga yomama, impilo engokomzimba, nezinkonzo zempilo yengqondo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwaziswa okuphathelene nokufa kwabantu okudla kakhulu kanye nezindlela zomthetho kungasiza ekutholeni imiphakathi lapho imizamo yokuvimbela idingeka kakhulu khona. Ngokufanayo, ukwaziswa okuphathelene nokufunda isibhedlela kungaqokomisa amagebe ekunakekeleni okulandela.

Imininingwane yemfundo

Imfundo ihlanganisa ukuphumelela kwabafundi, amazinga okuthweswa iziqu, iziqu zothisha, amazinga okuxhasa imali nesimo sezulu sesikole.

Izinhlangano zemfundo yoMbuso ziqoqa ukwaziswa ezifundeni, kuhlanganise nezilinganiso zokuhlolwa, amamaki aphezulu, nokufunda emakolishi. Izifundazwe eziningi manje zisebenzisa izimiso zemininingwane ezinde ukuze zilandelele abafundi ngabanye ezinkulisa zidlule emakholijini nasemsebenzini.

Izakhiwo Nemininingwane Yendawo Ezungezile

Abalawuli basebenzisa futhi ukwaziswa okuhlobene nezinto zokuthutha, izinto ezisetshenziswayo, izindlu, nendawo ezungezile. Ngokwesibonelo, izinzwa zomgwaqo ne-GPS kusiza izinhlangano zokuthutha ukuba zihlele intuthuko yomgwaqo futhi zilawule ukuminyana. Izindawo zokusibekela emoyeni nasemanzini zinikeza iziqondiso zezimiso namandla ahlanzekile. Imininingwane yezindawo zokuhlala, njengamazinga okuqasha nenani lamakhaya, isiza abaphathi ukuba bakhokhe imali kanye nokungabinandawo yokuhlala.

Indlela Imininingwane Ethonya Ngayo Izinqumo Zesimiso Somthetho

Abadayisi bemininingwane bavumela ababusi ukuba bashintshe ukuthatha isinyathelo baye ekuhleleni imithetho ethatha isinyathelo. Ngokuhlola ukuthambekela komlando nezimo zamanje, bangabona izinkinga ezivelayo ngaphambi kokuba bafinyelele amazinga ezinkinga. Bangaveza futhi imiphumela engenzeka yokukhetha izindlela ezihlukahlukene, bakhethe lezo ezinikeza imiphumela engcono kakhulu kubantu abahlala nabo.

Umthetho Wezomnotho

Imininingwane yezomnotho inendima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni imali kahulumeni nenqubo yentela. Ngokwesibonelo, umbusi angasebenzisa izibikezelo zemali ukuze anqume ukuthi anganquma yini ukukhokha intela noma ukukhuliswa kwemali ezimisweni zezenhlalakahle. Imininingwane ephathelene nomsebenzi nokukhula kwezezimboni ingaqondisa izinqumo eziphathelene nezisusa zezebhizinisi nentuthuko yezisebenzi.

Ezinye izifundazwe ziye zamukela izindlela zokuhlela uhlelo lokusebenzisa imali olusekelwe ebufakazini" ezifuna izinhlangano ukuba zibonise ukuphumelela kwezinhlelo ngokuhlola ukwaziswa. Lokhu kusiza ababusi ukuba banike izinhlelo ezilinganiselwe izinhlelo eziveza imiphumela engcono. Ngokwesibonelo, iZimo ze-Washington State i-Provies Washington isebenzisa ukuthatha isinyathelo kuqala ukuze kulandelelwe intuthuko eyisisekelo njengemfundo, impilo, nokukhula kwezomnotho.

Impilo Yomphakathi Nokulondeka

Phakathi nobhadane lwe-COVID-19, ababusi basebenzisa ukwaziswa okuvela emithonjeni eminingi ukwenza izinqumo mayelana nokuvala izifihla - buso, ukugunyaza nokusakaza umjovo. Ijubane lokuhlola ukwaziswa labenza bavumela ukulungisa izimiso ngokushesha lapho isimo siqala. Ngalé kobhadane, ukwaziswa kwezempilo kusiza ababusi ukuba babambe izimali ezindaweni ezinesidingo esikhulu kakhulu, njengasezindaweni zasemaphandleni ezingenakho ukufinyelela okulinganiselwe ekunakekeleni impilo.

Imininingwane yokuphepha komphakathi, kuhlanganise nezibalo zobugebengu nezicelo zenkonzo, izazisa izinqubo ezihlobene namaphoyisa, ukulungiswa kwezemthetho, nokuphepha komphakathi. Izifundazwe eziningi manje zisebenzisa izibikezelo zokuhlola izingozi ezinkulu zobugebengu obunobudlova, zivumela ukugcinwa komthetho ukuba kusetshenziswe imithombo yemali ngokuphumelelayo. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamaphoyisa abikezelayo kuye kwaphakamisa ukukhathazeka futhi ngenkululeko yomphakathi, okumelwe ababusi balinganisele lapho bethatha amathuluzi anjalo.

Inguquko Yemfundo

Izimiso zemfundo ezisekelwe kulwazi zihlanganisa ukuxhasa izimali ezikoleni, izimiso ezixwayisayo zokuqala ukuze zibone abafundi abasengozini yokuyeka, nokungenela kwezindawo ezilwayo. Ngokwesibonelo, iOhio isebenzisa isimiso sokuxwayisa sakuqala esihlaziya inani labafundi abakhona, ukuziphatha, kanye nokwenza izifundo ezifuna ukusekelwa okwengeziwe. Lokhu kuvumela izikole ukuba zingenele ngaphambi kokuba abafundi bahle kakhulu.

Ohulumeni basebenzisa futhi ukwaziswa kwemfundo ukuze basekele izinguquko ezingokwesimiso, njengokusekela imali eyandayo yemfundo yobuntwana noma ukwandisa izinhlelo zemfundo yobuchwepheshe. Ngokunikeza ukwaziswa ngamazinga okuthweswa iziqu nangemiphumela yokusebenza, bangasekela umphakathi ngemizamo yabo.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwendawo Ezungezile Namandla Amandla

Imininingwane ephathelene nokukhishwa kwegesi eshisayo, inkathi evuselelwayo yamandla, kanye nesimo sezulu esibi isiza ababusi ukuba bathuthukise izinqubo zesimo sezulu. Ngokwesibonelo, umbusi waseCalifornia usebenzisa ukwaziswa okuvela eCalifornia Air Resources Board ukuze alandelele intuthuko ekuncishisweni kwegesi.

Ukwaziswa okuphathelene nogesi, kuhlanganise nokusetshenziswa kukagesi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-grid, kutshela izinqumo mayelana nezisusa ezivuselelwayo zamandla kanye nokutshala izimali eziyisisekelo. Abanye ababusi baye babeka imigomo ephambili yamandla ngokusekelwe ekuthengeni okuncishiswa kwezindleko kanye nokusungulwa komsebenzi ezingxenyeni ezihlanzekile zamandla.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo: Imininingwane Iyasebenza

Izibonelo eziningana ezingokoqobo zezwe zibonisa indlela ababusi abaye basebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo ngayo ukwaziswa okumelene nokukhishwa kwecala ukuze bazise izinqumo zesimiso.

Ukusabela Kwe - COVID - 19 eNew York

Phakathi nezinyanga zokuqala zalolubhadane, uMbusi waseNew York uAndrew Cuomo wabamba iziphakamiso zezindaba zansuku zonke ezazinemiboniso eminingi yokwaziswa. Ibhodi likahulumeni elinama-CHOVID-19 lalihlanganisa amazinga okulaliswa esibhedlela, ukuhlola ukuvaleka kwezindawo, nokuqulwa kwezindawo. Le mininingwane yaqondisa izinqumo zokuvula kabusha nezimpahla ezizokwabiwayo. Ngokombiko weRockefeller Institute of Government, indlela yokuhlola ukwaziswa kwe-driven yasiza ekubhixeni i-New York futhi yalawula izinga lesibhedlela.

Inkinga Ye - opioid E - Ohio

I-Ohio ithonywe kakhulu umqedazwe we-opioid. UMbusi uMike Dewine wasungula "U-Ohio Opioid Data Dishboard" ngo-2018, ohlanganisa ukwaziswa okuvela emithonjeni eminingi, kuhlanganise nokuhanjelwa emagumbini aphuthumayo, ukufa okuqiniswe ngokweqile, nokubekwa kusengaphambili. Ibhodi le-crosard ivumela umbuso nezikhulu zendawo ukuba zibone amachashaza ashisayo nemizamo yokuvimbela izisulu. Inyathelo lokusiza ekunciphiseni ukufa okungaqini kakhulu kweminye imiphakathi.

Inguquko Yemfundo ETennessee

UMbusi waseTennessee uBill Haslam wasebenzisa i-"Drive to 55" isinyathelo, ehlose ukwandisa amaphesenti ezakhamuzi ezinesingqwema se-postsecondary se-recter ukuya ku-55% ngo-2025. Umbuso wasebenzisa ukwaziswa ekubhaliseni emakolishi, emazingeni okuqeda, nasemsebenzini udinga ukuklama izinhlelo ezinjengeTennessee Project, ezinikeza imvume yokuthola inzuzo yomphakathi. Ukuhlolwa kwezolwazi kwabonisa ukuthi imingcele yezimali iyisithiyo esikhulu, iholela esimisweni semfundo. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwayo, amazinga amanani okufundela amakolishi aye akhuphuka kakhulu.

Izinselele Ekubuseni Kwemininingwane

Naphezu kwezinzuzo zakho, ukulawulwa kwemininingwane kubhekene nezinselele eziningana. Ohulumeni nezisebenzi zabo kumelwe baziqaphele lezi zimo ukuze basebenzise ukwaziswa ngendlela efanele nephumelelayo.

Ukuba Wedwa Kwemininingwane Yezokwelapha Nokulondeka

Ukuqoqa nokuhlaziya ukwaziswa komuntu siqu, njengemibhalo yempilo noma ukusebenza kwesikole, kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngasese. Amazwe kumelwe avumelane nemithetho enjenge-HIPAA (I-Health Munication of Portability and Accountability Act) ne-FERPA (Izifundo Zomkhaya Nemithetho Yamalungelo Ezakhohlakalo). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphulwa kokwaziswa kungadalula ukwaziswa okubucayi, ukuqeda ukwethenjwa komphakathi. Abaphathi-mayela badinga ukutshala izimali ze-inthaneti nokumisa izimiso ezicacile zokuqoqa ukwaziswa, ukuhlanganisa, nokuzibopha.

Imininingwane Neqiniso

Imininingwane iwusizo uma inembile futhi ithembekile. Ukwaziswa okungaphelele noma okuphelelwe isikhathi kungaholela ezinqumweni ezingaqondile. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi nobhadane, amanye amazwe alwa nokwephuza ekuhlolweni kokwaziswa, okwenza kube nzima ukuthola ukusakazeka kwangempela kwegciwane. Ukuhlanganiswa kwemininingwane phakathi kwezinhlangano eziningi kungaba yinselele, njengoba iminyango ehlukene ingase isebenzise izimiso noma izincazelo ezingavumelani.

U - Equity No - Bias

Imininingwane yokungalingani ingaqhubekisela phambili ubandlululo olukhona uma lungaklanywanga ngokucophelela. Ngokwesibonelo, izifekethiso ezibikezelayo ezisetshenziswa ekwahluleleni kobugebengu zingabonisa ukungalingani komlando epolishini. Ngokufanayo, ukwaziswa kwemfundo kungaqokomisa izikhala ngaphandle kokuchaza izimbangela ezifana nokungalingani kwezimiso. Omphathi kumelwe baqinisekise ukuthi izimiso zemininingwane aziyilimazi ngokungenakulinganiswa imiphakathi encishisiwe. Ukufaka izingxebe zemali nokwenza ama-astric esemthethweni kungasiza ekunciphiseni izingozi.

Ukuba Nekhono Nokuziphilisa

Ukugcwalisa ukwaziswa kudinga izisebenzi ezinekhono, kuhlanganise nososayensi bemininingwane, abahlaziyi, nochwepheshe be-IT. Izifundazwe ezincane noma labo abanemali elinganiselwe zingazama ukuqasha nokugcina ikhono elinjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ababusi nezisebenzi zabo kudingeka baqonde ukulinganiselwa kokwaziswa futhi bagweme ukugxilisa ulwazi ngokugqithisileyo ngokulahlekelwa ukuqonda okungakhi. Ukwakha ulwazi ngohulumeni wonke kuwumzamo oqhubekayo.

Amathuba Nemikhuba Yesikhathi Esizayo

Uma bebheka phambili, ukuthambekela okuningana kuthembisa ukuthuthukisa indima yokwaziswa ekubuseni.

Ukuhlakanipha Okusebenzayo Nokufunda Ngomshini

Imfundo ye-AI nomshini ingahlaziya izisethi ezinkulu zokubona imiklamo nokubikezela izenzakalo zesikhathi esizayo. Ngokwesibonelo, amanye amazwe asebenzisa umshini ekubikezeleni imibiko yokuxhashazwa kwezingane nokuhanjelwa ekhaya okuzingelayo. Ezinye zihlola i-AI ukuze zithole izinhlelo zokukhwabanisa. Nokho, ababusi kumelwe basondele e-AI ngokuqapha, baqinisekise ukuba sobala nokulandisa ekwenzeni izinqumo ezizisebenzelayo.

Izinyathelo Ezivulekile Zokwaziswa

Izifundazwe eziningi ziye zavula amabhokisi okwaziswa kahulumeni okwenza ukuba umphakathi uthole ukwaziswa kukahulumeni. Lokhu kuveza ulwazi kuvumela abacwaningi, izintatheli, nezakhamuzi ukuba zibone ukuthi uhulumeni unecala futhi ufaka igalelo ekuhlaziyweni kwezimiso. Ngokwesibonelo, isifunda saseTexas sisebenzisa iTexas Open Data Portal, ehlanganisa iziteshi zemininingwane yezempilo, yemfundo, nezokuthutha. Imininingwane evulekile ingavuselela futhi ukusungulwa, ngoba abahwebi nenzuzo isebenzisa ukwaziswa kukahulumeni ukuze kuvezwe imikhiqizo nemisebenzi emisha.

Izindlela Zokubikezela

Abalawuli bangasebenzisa izinto ezibikezela ukuthi zingaba khona ukuze balindele ukuhluleka kwesisekelo futhi balungise izimiso ezifanele zokulungisa. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwaziswa okuvela ezinzweni ezisemabhulohweni nasemigwaqweni kungabikezela ukuthi kuzoba naziphi izimfa noma ukudleka, kuvumele ukulungiswa kwezinto eziphuthumayo esikhundleni sezinto ezibizayo ezilungisa izindleko.

Izimiso Zokwaziswa Ezifakwe Emithanjeni

Ukuphula i-silos phakathi kwezinkampani zikahulumeni kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Izimiso zokwaziswa ezihlangene nemfundo, impilo, izinkonzo zomphakathi, kanye nokwaziswa ngemisebenzi kunganikeza umbono ophelele wezidingo zezakhamuzi. Iprojekthi ye-Utah ethi “Izinkonzo Zokuhloba Kwendawo Engamelwe" ngokwesibonelo, isebenzisa imininingwane evela ezinhlanganweni eziningi ukuveza imikhaya engase izuze ngokusekela okuhlangene. Imiphumela yokuqala isikisela ukuthi lendlela inganciphisa isidingo sezinkonzo eziphuthumayo futhi ithuthukise imiphumela emide.

Isiphetho

Imininingwane kanye nokuzifihla kuye kwaba amathuluzi abalulekile kubabusi abafuna ukwenza izinqumo zezimiso ezisekelwe olwazini. Kusukela ekuthuthukeni kwezomnotho nasempilweni yomphakathi kuya emfundweni nasemzileni, ukwaziswa kusiza izikhulu zikahulumeni ukuba zibone izinkinga, zihlole izindlela zokukhetha, futhi zithuthukise indlela yokuhamba. Nakuba izinselele ezihlobene nokungabi namuntu, ukulingana, kanye nekhono zikhona, amathuba okuthuthukisa abalulekile.

Abalawuli abamukela ukubuswa kokwaziswa bahlonyiselwe kangcono ukukhonza izakhamuzi zabo ngokuphumelelayo nangempumelelo. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buqhubekela phambili, indima yokwaziswa okungokwenqubo iyomane ikhule, ikwenze kube okubalulekile ukuba abaholi bahlakulele amakhono okwaziswa, bafake izakhiwo zezakhiwo, futhi balondoloze isibopho sokusebenzisa izimiso. Ikusasa lokubusa kukahulumeni ukusungulwa kwemininingwane, futhi abaholi ngobufakazi bayobekwa kangcono kakhulu ukuze bahlangabezane nezimfuno eziyinkimbinkimbi zekhulu lama-21.