Isingeniso

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala eMthethweni we-United States sinikeza ukuthi i-#8220; i-Conren ngeke yenze mthetho ngokuphathelene nokumiswa kwenkolo, noma inqabe ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngenkululeko; noma inqanyule inkululeko yokukhuluma, noma yezindaba zezindaba; noma ilungelo labantu lokuhlangana ngokuthula, nokunxusa uHulumeni ukuba alungise izikhalo. I-̵ lamazwi angamashumi amane namahlanu amisa isisekelo esingokomthetho senkulumo yezombangazwe yaseMelika, inkululeko engokwenkolo, nemvume yesizwe. Ulimi oluphelele lombhalo lungase lusikisele ukuthi lamalungelo angenamkhawulo, kodwa iNkakhulu iye yahlala ngokunye. Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zeRepublicture enkathi yanamuhla, uhulumeni usebenzise indima ehlukene yezenzwe ngezindlela ezingokwesiko: ukuvikela inkululeko yesizwe, ukuvikela kwenkululeko yesizwe, noma ukugculisa amalungelo emphakathiniswe umphakathi wonke, ukusebenzisa ngokusebenza ngokuneyo, futhi ngokusebenzisa izivumelwano ezingokomthetho, noma yimiphi engokomthetho, noma imiphi ewusebenzise ngokunamandla ukuze amacala.

Isisekelo Sesichibiyelo Sokuqala

Inkululeko Eyisihlanu

ISichibiyelo sokuqala sivikela inkululeko emihlanu ehlukene kodwa ehlangene. IFree Execlerence Claus inqabela uhulumeni ukuba aphazamise izinkolelo nemikhuba engokwenkolo, kuyilapho isivikelo esikhulu kakhulu, imboko yokugxeka kwezombangazwe ku-Claus [[[[FLT:]]] ikhulula uhulumeni ekusebenziseni noma ekumiseni inkolo. [[FLT:]] [FLT]] isivikelo esikhulu kakhulu sokukhuluma [[FLT:] isivikelo, imboza yonke into egxekweni yezombangazwe eyisa emazwini. [[FLT:]] [FLT]] [FFF]] [5:]] inikeza izigwebo ezika zikahulumeni [FLT] ukuvikela okukhethekile ukuhleleka kanye nabamemezeli.[5] [inani eliwugunyazayo]

Ukuhlambalaza Okumelene Nama - United States

Ekuqaleni, iSichibiyelo sokuqala sasisebenza kuhulumeni kahulumeni kuphela. Izwe lalingalinganisela inkulumo nenkolo ngaphandle kokwephula uMthetho-sisekelo. Lokhu kwashintsha ekhulwini lama-20 ngemfundiso engokomthetho ebizwa ngokuthi ukuhlanganisa. ku-Gutlow v. New York [1925], iNkantolo Ephakeme yakholelwa ukuthi iSichibiyelo se-145 & #817; i-Claus yenze iSichibiyelo Sokuqala sisebenze kuhulumeni bendawo. Namuhla, zonke izinga likahulumeni eUnited States kumelwe zihloniphe lamalungelo ayisisekelo.

Inganekwane Yamalungelo Aphelele

UMahluleli u-Over Wendell Holmes wabhala ngokudume kakhulu ukuthi iSichibiyelo sokuqala asimvikeli umuntu i-#8220; ukumemeza ngokukhohlisa ngomlilo emdlalweni futhi kubangele ukwesaba. i-̵ lesi sibonelo sibonisa isimiso esiyinhloko: uhulumeni angalinganisela inkulumo uma inikeza usongo oluqondile nolusheshayo ekulondekeni komphakathi. Inselele yezinkantolo ukuchaza imingcele eqondile yalokhu kulinganiselwa ngaphandle kokulahla isivikelo esiyisisekelo sale nkinga.

Ukulinganiselwa Kukahulumeni: Lapho Inkulumo Ingavinjelwa

Iziphetho Eziwumfuziselo

INkantolo Ephakeme iye yaveza izigaba eziningana zenkulumo ezingekho ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwesivikelo seSichibiyelo Sokuqala.

Ukushukunyiselwa Ubudlova

Ukuhlolwa kwanamuhla kokukhuthaza ubudlova kwamiswa eBrandenburg v.Ohio (1969). Uma kunjalo, umholi weKlux Klan wabekwa icala ngaphansi komthetho kahulumeni wokwenza inkulumo ekhuthaza ubudlova. INkantolo Ephakeme yaguqula ukuqiniseka, iphethe leyonkulumo ukuba ingabekwa imingcele uma &820]; ibekwe esikhundleni sesenzo sokukhuthaza noma ukuveza isenzo sokungalungisi esiseduze i-̵ futhi iyi-[FLT:] i-&520], i-&820; ngokufanayo i-'ikhuthaza noma ukuveza isenzo esinjalo.[5][FLT][5] Lokhu kuhlola noma ukuveza impi ebanzi kakhulu; i-'inani eliwunikeza isivikelo esingekho emthethweni, futhi i-mfakdronsone.

[[NTL:0] Ukuhlolwa kwe-Brandenburg kunezici ezimbili eziyinhloko. Okokuqala, isikhulumi kumelwe sihlose ukubangela ububi obusheshayo. Ukuguqula okukhulu noma ukunxusa isenzo esikhathini esizayo esingashiwongo akwanele. Okwesibili, inkulumo kumelwe ukuba iveze lesosenzo. Isikhulumi seqembu elincane labalandeli ababoshiwe singahlangabezana nalendinganiso, kuyilapho inkulumo kuzilaleli ezivamile ezingenakuthatha isinyathelo ingavikelwa.

Amazwi Alwayo Nosongo Lwangempela

Imfundiso. Icala elihilela umuntu obizwa ngokuthi u-Hampshire (1942), iNkantolo yadala i-“ amagama alwayo i-̶[[FLT21]; imfundiso. Icala elihilela umuntu obizwa ngokuthi umzi lihlanganisa i ̴ i-Fascist ̵ ne-#820; ne-#820; ne-acketeer. 𔄭 iNkanto eqondiswe ukuthi ukuthukwa okunjalo, okuqondiswe kumuntu, akuvikelwanga, uma kuvikelwa noma kukhululiwe kakhulu ukulimala kwabo.[8]

Isigaba esihlobene naso yiso usongo lweqiniso. Virginia v. Black [2003], iNkantolo yachaza usongo lweqiniso njengenkulumo lapho isikhulumi i-̴ okusho ukuthi inhloso yokuxhumana engathi sína yenhloso yokwenza isenzo sobudlova obungekho emthethweni kumuntu othile noma iqembu labantu ngabanye. &&88221; isihluthulelo yisikhulumi i-̱ izinhloso. I-Hyperbo, izinkulumo zezombangazwe, noma izinkulumo zokuntela ezihlayayo azilona iqiniso, ngisho noma bekhala umlaleli.

Ububi Nezithombe Ezingcolile Zezingane

Ukuzimela kungomunye umehluko wenkulumo ongatholi sivikelo sokuQonda. Nokho, iNkantolo izame ukuchaza ukuthi yini eyinto eyichilo. Indinganiso yamanje, emiswe ku- Miller v. California[ [7773], uvivinyo oluyingxenye emithathu. Ukubhekwa njengehlazo, izinto kumelwe:

  • Ukunxusa ukuba ube nesithakazelo esijulile ngobulili, njengoba kwahlulelwa umuntu ovamile osebenzisa izindinganiso zomphakathi wanamuhla;
  • Umfanekiso noma ukuchaza ukuziphatha kobulili nge - “ ukucasula okunethonya okuse - ” nendlela;
  • Ukuntuleka kokubaluleka okungathi sína kobuciko, kwezobuciko, kwezombangazwe, noma kwezesayensi (i - “ i - SLAPS ̵ ukuhlola).

Izithombe ezingcolile zobulili zabantwana ziyisigaba esihlukile, esingavikelekile. ku-New York v. Ferber (1982], iNkantolo yaphetha ngokuthi uhulumeni angavimbela izinto ezibonisa izingane ezingokoqobo ezihileleke ekuziphatheni kobulili, ngisho noma izinto ezingahlangani ne [[FLT:]] Millinger [ uvivinyo lokuhlamba. Ikhambi liwukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwezimbangela ezinjalo zezinto kuyingozi ezenzekeni kwabantwana abahilelekile. Nokho, iNkanto inkantolo futhi iphethe ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zezingane (ezingahlanganiswe ngecomputer) ziviselwa inkulumo ngaphandle kokuba zingcolile ngaphansi [[FLD:] [FLD]

Imithetho esekelwe kokuqukethwe vs. Imithetho yokuqukethwe engathathi-hlangothi

Enye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu ezisemthethweni weSichibiyelo sokuqala imingcele esekelwe ngokuphakanyiswa [[FLT:] kanye ne engahlangene.[

Imithetho esekelwe ku-Conant ibambe izinkulumo ngenxa yomyalezo ewudluliselayo. Ngokwesibonelo, umthetho ovimbela ukushiswa kwefulege usekelwe ku-okwangaphakathi ngoba ubhekene nomyalezo othile (iprojekthi). Imithetho esekelwe ekuqukethe ingu esekelwe ngokusemthethweni [[FLT:]] ukuhlobana futhi ungaphansi kwe- ̴ ukucubungula. ̵ Ukuqhubeka nokuhlola okuqinile, uhulumeni kumelwe ubonise ukuthi umthetho ufeza isithakazelo sikahulumeni futhi uhlolwe ngokungenangqondo ukuze ufeze leso sithakazelo. Okuqukethwe yimithetho embalwa esindayo.

Imithetho eqinile engekho emthethweni ivimbela ukukhuluma ngaphandle komyalezo wayo. Ngokwesibonelo, umthetho ovimbela yonke imisindo emikhulu endaweni yokuhlala ebusuku uqukethe okungaphakathi. Isebenza kumakhonsathi e-rock, imibuthano yezombangazwe, nezinkonzo zenkolo ngokulinganayo. Imithetho ephakathi ye-i-i-intshiwe ingaphansi kokuhlolwa [[ ukucubungula [[. Uhulumeni kumelwe ubonise ukuthi umthetho uqhubele phambili isithakazelo sikahulumeni esibalulekile futhi awuthwesi umthwalo kakhulu ukukhuluma.

Imingcele Yesikhathi, Indawo, Neyomuntu

Ngisho nalapho inkulumo ivikelwe ngokugcwele, uhulumeni ungabeka imingcele enengqondo esikhathini sayo, indawo, nendlela[. Lemingcele ibhekwa ngokuhlukayo kuye ngohlobo lwe-forum ehilelekile.

  • Umphakathi wesiko we-cuums (amapareki, imigwaqo, imigwaqwe): Uhulumeni ungamisa isikhathi, indawo, nezimiso, kodwa kumelwe abe nokuneliswa okungangeni hlangothi, kulungiswe kancane ukuze kunikeze isithakazelo sikahulumeni, futhi ushiye eminye imikhondo evulekile yokuxhumana. Ngokwesibonelo, idolobha lingafuna imvume yokulawula izimoto, kodwa alikwazi ukuphika imvume ngenxa yokuthi alivumelani nomyalezo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Imise umphakathi we-fourmons (umzk., amagumbi omhlangano omphakathi, amahholo esikole avulwe ukuze asetshenziswe umphakathi): Imithetho efanayo iyasebenza uma i-fraum ivuliwe.
  • Nonpublic forums (umzk., izisekelo zezempi, iziteshi zezindiza, amahhovisi kahulumeni): Uhulumeni unenkululeko enkulu. Ungalinganisela inkulumo uma nje imingcele inengqondo futhi ingenambono.

Inkulumo Yezentengiselwano

Inkulumo yezentengiselwano (i-adictiona kanye nokunye ukuthuthukiswa kwentengiselwano) ithola isivikelo esincane kunenkulumo yezombangazwe. Ukuhlolwa kwemingcele yezentengiselwano kuvela ku- u-Central Hudson Gas & Pleice Corp. v. Public Service Commission [1980]). Ukuthethelela isithibeko, uhulumeni kumelwe ubonise ukuthi inkulumo iphathelene nomsebenzi ongokomthetho futhi ayidukisi, ukuthi isithakazelo esimisiwe sibalulekile, nokuthi umthetho uqhubele phambili isithakazelo futhi awuyona inzuzo enkulu kunaleyo edingekile.

Kungalesosizathu i - Federal Trade Commission (FTC) ingaletha izenzo zokuphoqelela izinkampani ezizisholo ukuthi zimemezela amanga.

Izivikelo Zikahulumeni: Indlela Uhulumeni Asekela Ngayo Inkululeko Yakho

ISichibiyelo sokuqala siyimingcele ekwakheni uhulumeni, kodwa kuthatha isinyathelo sikahulumeni ukuphoqelela leyomingcele. Izinkantolo, izishaya-mthetho, nabadlali abaphethe bonke bafeza indima ekuvikeleni amalungelo eSichibiyelo sokuqala.

Indima Yengoma

Isivikelo esinamandla kakhulu samalungelo esiHlanziso sokuqala sivela ezinkantolo. Uma isishayamthetho sidlulisa umthetho ovimbela ukukhuluma, izakhamuzi zingabekela umthetho inselele enkantolo kahulumeni. INkantolo Ephakeme iye yaphula imithetho eminingi ephula iSichibiyelo Sokuqala, kuhlanganise:

  • Imithetho yoMbuso evimbela ukushiswa kwefulege ( TEXAs v. Johnson, 1989);
  • Umthetho kahulumeni onqabela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zabantwana ohlanganisa izithombe ezingcolile (Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition[[FLT: 1]], 2002]);
  • Imithetho yoMbuso efuna izikole zomphakathi zifundise indalo kanye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo (Edards v. Aguillard, 1987);
  • Imithetho efuna abafundi ukuba bashayele ifulege indesheni ( iWest Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette, 1943]).

Inkantolo isebenzisa futhi imfundiso [ eyisinkwa esibanzi[ nemfundiso yobukhakhazi] ukuze ivikele inkulumo. Umthetho ukhululeke kakhulu uma ushanela kakhulu futhi uvimbela ukukhuluma okuvikelwe kanye nenkulumo engavikelekile. Umthetho awucacile uma unganikezi abantu abavamile isaziso esicacile salokho okunqatshelwe, kuholele ekuphoqeleleni kokugcinwa ngokungenangqondo. Zombili izinkantolo zingamathuluzi asetshenziswayo ukuze zikhiphe imithetho evikelweyo ezindaweni ezibandayo.

Isinqumo Sokuvinjelwa Kwangaphambili

Esinye sezivikelo ezinamandla kakhulu kumthetho weSichibiyelo Sokuqala yisivikelo sokuvimbela . Umthetho owenqabelayo uyenzeka lapho uhulumeni evimbela ukukhuluma ukuba kukhishwe ekuqaleni, kunokuba ayijezise ngemva kweqiniso. Nearbor v. Minnesota[[FL:3] [193]), iNkantolo Ephakeme yawisa umthetho kazwe owavumela uhulumeni ukuba uvale i-'#820; I-ISCIC 𔄭 amaphephandaba, amisa ukuthi umthetho uqobo uqobo ungowenziwa.

Lesimiso savivinywa kakhulu i-Plagons icala ([FLT]New York Times Co. v. United States, 1971). I-Prexant yaNixon yazama ukuvimbela [[FLT:]] New York Times ngokunyathelisa amaphepha ahlelwe ngempi yaseVietnam. INkantolo Ephakeme yalahla uhulumeni i-̱ isicelo, iphethe ukuthi uhulumeni wayengahlangabezanangahlangani nomthwalo onzima ofunekayo ukuze uthethelele ukuvinjelwa ngaphambi kokuzilawula. Inkantolo yaqaphela ukuthi ukuvinjelwa kwesizwe okuphezulu, kodwa yenza kwacaca ukuthi uhulumeni ungenakuwaphikisa ngenxa yokwesaba noma ukuhlazeka.

Izivikelo Zemithetho Zenkolo Nenkulumo

UKhongolose angavikela futhi amalungelo eSichibiyelo sokuqala ngokumisa imithetho enweba isivikelo esingaphezu kwalokho okufunwa nguMthetho-sisekelo. I-Religious Freedom Reformation Act (RFRA) ka 1993] iyisibonelo esiphambili. [Ku] i-Employment Division v. Smith [1990], iNkantolo ePhakathi yeNkathi ePhakathi i-Constifictional Freedom Reformation Activect (Ufulumisa i-RFRA)], imithetho esebenzayo ingathwesa ukuvivinya okungokwenkolo ngaphandle kokudlulisa i-RFRA, okwabuyisela isithakazelo esiphoyo sokuhlolwa kwemithetho yenkolo enzima kakhulu.

Inkululeko ye-Access to Clinic Entrances (FACE) Act nemithetho evikela izintatheli i ’ imithombo eyengeziwe yemikhakha yemithetho esetshenziswayo ukuze ivikele amalungelo ayimfihlo nokuhlangana. Lemithetho yenza indawo ephezulu yokuvikela engadlula isilinganiso somthetho-sisekelo.

Ukuvikela Umhlangano Nesicelo

Ilungelo lokuhlangana ngokuthula liyithuluzi elibucayi loshintsho lwezombangazwe, ikakhulukazi emaqenjini angenakho ukutholakala kwezakhiwo zamandla ezingokwesiko. Uhulumeni uvikela lelilungelo ngokunikeza ukulondeka ekuvukeleni nasekulondolozeni uhlelo olungokomthetho olufuna izikhulu ukuba zikhiphe imvume ngaphandle kokucwasa okusekelwe embonweni.

Phakathi ne-Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s, iNkantolo Ephakeme yavikela ngokuphindaphindiwe ilungelo lokubhikisha. Inqaba ukuphikisana ne-[South Carolina (1963), iNkantolo yaziguqula izinkolelo zabafundi baseMelika baseAfrika abagxumela emfuthwaneni wezwe ukuba baphikise ukuvinjelwa. INkantolo yathi umbuso awunakuvimbela ukubhikisha okunokuthula ngenxa nje yokuthi isigijimi sabo sasinempikiswano.

Muva nje, iNkantolo iqaphele ukuthi ilungelo lokuhlangana lidlulela endaweni yezibalo. Pactingham v. North Carolina (2017]), iNkantolo yawisa umthetho owavimbela abakhohlisi bobulili abasemthethweni ekungeneni kumasiteji ezembuzweni. IJaji uAnthony Kennedy wabhala ukuthi imithombo yezokuxhumana yezenhlalo ingu-” futhi inqabela abantu ngabanye kulezi zigebengu zomphakathi i-” futhi ivimbela abantu ngabanye ukuba bangene kuwenqabela amalungelo abo okulungisa inguquko.

Uhulumeni Njengomkhulumeli Nomxhasi

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala sivame ukuvikela abantu ngabanye ekucushweni kukahulumeni, kodwa kwenzekani uma uhulumeni ngokwakhe eyisikhulumi? INkantolo Ephakeme iye yasungula imfundiso yenkulumo kahulumeni ukuxoxa ngalesimo. Uma uhulumeni ekhuluma, akudingekile ukuba ube nombono-we-indawo. Ingakhuthaza imiyalezo ethile (umz. #820; Don ̱ uphuzile futhi ushayele i-̵) futhi uyenqabe ukukhuthaza abanye (umz. #820; Uphuzi no-Damosle uma ufuna i-&8221;).

Lemfundiso inemiphumela ebalulekile ekusekeleni izimali zomphakathi. . Sullivan [1991], iNkantolo Ephakeme yasekela imithetho eyenqabela odokotela emitholampilo yokuhlela imikhaya esekelwe emalini ukuba baxoxe ngokukhishwa kwesisu neziguli zabo. INkantolo yathi uhulumeni wayengavimbeli ukukhuluma; wayekhetha ukuxhasa iqoqo elilodwa lemisebenzi (ukuvimbela ukuvimbela) futhi hhayi amanye (iseluleko sezeluleko). Lendaba iqinisekisa ukuthi uhulumeni ungahlanganisa izimo zemali yakhe, uma nje ingakhi isimo esingabekeli esingekho esimweni noma esisekelwe embonweni.

INkantolo ibeke imingcele ethile kulombono. Ku-National Endowment for the Arts v. Finley (1998), iNkantolo yakholelwa ukuthi uhulumeni akanakusebenzisa izinhlelo zezimali ezingaqondakali kakhulu kangangokuba avumele izikhulu ukuba zikhethe ngokusekelwe embonweni. Kuyi-National Corporation Corporation v. Velazquez, iNkantolo yaphula umthetho owenqabela abameli abasemthethweni ukuvimbela imithetho ebekela inselelekile inhlalakahle, ibambe ukuthi ukuvinjelwa kwabameli abameli abavikeli babo amandla.

Izinselele Zanamuhla Nezinhlelo Zesikhathi Esizayo

Imithombo Yezindaba Nendawo Entsha Yomphakathi

Ukuvela kwemithombo yezokuxhumana kuye kwabangela ukungezwani okuyisisekelo emthethweni weSichibiyelo Sokuqala, leziteji izinkampani ezizimele, hhayi izinhlangano zikahulumeni, ngakho iSichibiyelo Sokuqala ngokuvamile asisebenzi ezinqumweni zazo zokulinganisela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amapulatifomu angasusa izikhundla, abasebenzisi bemvume, noma athuthukise okuthile ngaphandle kokwephula uMthetho - sisekelo.

Nokho, ukubusa kwala mapulatifomu kuphakamisa imibuzo ngesenzo sombuso . Uma i-platform isebenza njengendlela eyinhloko yenkulumo yeningi, kufanele ibhekwe njenge-“ obala i-custom ” ebhekene nemithetho elawula ukulinganisela kwesigaba? INkantolo Ephakeme ayikawudingi lombuzo, kodwa lendaba ivele iphakame njengezinkantolo eziphansi ezilwa nemithetho kahulumeni efuna ukulawula ukulinganisela kwesigaba.

Ukungaqondi, Ukulondeka Kwesizwe, NeSichibiyelo Sokuqala

I-hulumeni ’ ukusabela ekulahleni ulwazi kuphakamisa inselele ebucayi yeSichibiyelo sokuqala. Impendulo engokwesiko iwukuthi iSichibiyelo sokuqala sivimbela uhulumeni ekucubunguliseni inkulumo engamanga, ngaphandle kwezigaba ezimngcingo ezinjengokuhlamba, ukukhohlisa, nokukhangisa okungamanga. United States v. Alvarez [20] [20], iNkantolo yawisa iStolen Vanor Act, eyenza ukuba kube icala lokusholoza indolo ngecala lokusholo ngecala ukuthi imendulo yempi. INkantolo yayiphethe ukuthi ngisho nezinkulumo ezingamanga zivikelwe, ezingekho ubufakazi bokulimala okuqondile.

Nokho, uhulumeni ungasebenzisa inkulumo yakhe ukuze ulwe nezinkulumo eziphambene. Izinhlangano zikahulumeni, izikhulu zempilo yomphakathi, nezikhulu ezikhethiwe zingagxeka izinkulumo ezingamanga ngaphandle kokuzihlola. Umngcele phakathi kokukhuluma okuvumelekile kukahulumeni nokuphoqelelwa okungathandeki ngokuvamile awubonakali. Izinkantolo muva nje zivimbele izinhlangano zikahulumeni ezisongela imithombo yezindaba ngokuthatha isinyathelo esingokomthetho uma zingakususi lokho okuqukethwe, ziphethe ukuthi ukusongela okunjalo kungasho ukucwasana kombono.

Abafundi ’ Amalungelo Enkathi Yezinombolo

Abafundi abawasebenzisi u-#8220 amalungelo abo omthetho-sisekelo enkululeko yokukhuluma noma yokuveza amasuntwezi esango lesikole, i-̵ njengoba iNkantolo Ephakeme yamemezela ngokudume kakhulu ku- Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District[ [1969]]. Nokho, izikole zinenkululeko enkulu kakhulu yokulinganisela ukubeka izimpawu ezibangela ukuphazamisa okukhulu indawo ezungezile yemfundo. Ukufika kwezindawo zeze-amplus zomphakathi zezenhlalakahle yezenhlalakahle kuye kwavivinya imingcele yaleligunya.

Ku iMahanoy Atreace School District v. B.L.[[FL:1] [2021], iNkantolo yavikela umfundi owajeziswa ngokuthumela umyalezo ongcolile ngeqembu lezingane ezikhuthaza izithunywa zesikole lapho zingekho ekholiji. INkantolo yathi izikole zinesithakazelo esinciphileni sokulawula inkulumo ye-campus futhi ayinakujezisa abafundi ngenkulumo engabangela ukuphazamisa okukhulu. Lesinqumo siqinisekisa isimiso sokuthi uhulumeni ̱ unamandla okulinganisela inkulumo ibuthakathaka kakhulu uma isikhulumi singekhona ukulawula kwayo.

Isiphetho

ISichibiyelo sokuqala simelela ukulinganisela okuhlelwe kahle phakathi kwenkululeko yomuntu ngamunye nokulondeka kweqembu. Uhulumeni unegunya lokuvimbela ukukhuluma ezimweni ezimngcingo ukuze kuvinjelwe ubudlova, kuvikelwe izingane futhi kugcinwe ukuhleleka komphakathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhulumeni unesibopho sokuvikela inkulumo ngomthetho womthetho, izikhungo zomthetho, nokugcinwa kwezikhulu zomphakathi ukuze zikhulunyelwe futhi zihlangane.

Izindlela eziqondile zokuthatha lamalungelo azizikho. Isizukulwane ngasinye sabahluleli, abashaya imithetho, nezakhamuzi kumelwe sisebenzise izimiso zeSichibiyelo Sokuqala kubuchwepheshe obusha, ukusongela okusha, nezinhlangano ezintsha zezenhlalo. Ukuqonda izimiso ezingokomthetho ezilawula lezizindaba kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokusebenzisa amalungelo akho ngokuphumelelayo futhi ukwenze uhulumeni ube nesibopho sokulandisa ezibophweni zawo zomthetho-sisekelo. Abantu abanolwazi nababoshelwe ukukhokhela ukumiswa komthetho bahlala beyisivikelo esiphelele emphakathini okhululekile.