Ukubuka udlulisa isiqalo se-Indiya i-Ecosystem

Isimiso sezinto eziphilayo eziqalayo saseNdiya siye savela ngokushesha phakathi neshumi leminyaka elidlule, sishukunyiswa ingxubevange yezinzuzo zamanani, ukukhula kwemisebenzi yezemisebenzi, nezimiso zikahulumeni ezisebenzayo. Ngeziqalo ezibhaliwe ezingaphezu kwekhulu nama-unicorn angaphezu kwekhulu (amanani ayigugu angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-R244) ngo-2024, i-Indiya iphakathi kwesithathu emhlabeni wonke ngokwenani lesiqalo. Uhulumeni uye wasekela ibhizinisi njengeqembu eliphambili lokuthuthukisa izomnotho, ukusungulwa komsebenzi, nokuzimela ngokwawo. Kunokuba kube uhlelo olulodwa lwemisebenzi, ifakisi lika-migomo ehambisana nemali, imithetho, inzuzo, inzuzo, imfundo manje yenza ukusekela kwezindawo ezikhona kuzo zonke izigaba zohambo lwabo.

Lesi sihloko sihlola izinqubo eziyinhloko uhulumeni waseNdiya akhuthaza ngazo ukuqala, kuhlanganise nezinhlelo zemikhumbi ehamba phambili, izisusa zemali, ukusekela kwezindawo zombuso, nemizamo yezinga eliphezulu. Siqokomisa izinselele eziphikelelayo nombono weminyaka ezayo, sinikeza umbono ogcwele wokuthi inqubo ithonya kanjani indawo yohwebo.

Izinyathelo Zokuthatha Uhulumeni Oyinhloko

Uhulumeni wasungula izinhlelo eziningana ezibalulekayo ngemva konyaka ka-2015 ukuze kwakhiwe indawo engcono emabhizinisini amasha. Okuvelele kakhulu yi- i-Indiya eqalwe , eyamisa uhlelo olungokomthetho nohlu lwezinzuzo. Ukuhlobanisa lokhu kuyi- I-Antal Information Mission[ [AM], Ukwenza eNdiya[FLT], [[FLT:]] Digatal [[FLT]] Indiyal , kanye nezinhlelo ezinciphisa ukungena nokukhula.

Qala kabusha isidwebo saseNdiya

Isu lokuqala elaqala ngo-January 2016, i-Fromarence India inikeza indlela ehlelwe kahle yokuthola izinzuzo zikahulumeni. Ukuze ifaneleke, inkampani kumelwe ihlanganiswe njenge-LLP elinganiselwe, noma i-accomp, ingaphansi kweminyaka eyishumi, futhi inethuba elithatha unyaka ngamunye elingadluli 76100 crore. Iqalwe yi-Department of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), isiqalo siyajabulela:

  • Ukukhulula: Iholo lentela leminyaka emithathu ngenzuzo phakathi neminyaka eyishumi yokuqala, futhi ukukhululeka enkokhelweni kuthola intela ekufakeni imali ngezikhathi zokuqala.
  • [ Ukuvumelana nesiqinisekiso sokuziphakamisa: Iziqalo zingazivumelanisa nemithetho yezisebenzi engu 9 nemithetho esendaweni ezungezile emithathu, ukunciphisa umthwalo wokuphatha.
  • Ukuhlola okusemthethweni okunesiqu: Ukulungisa okuhlelwe ngemvume nephawu lokusebenza, okune-80% hlela futhi ezinhlwini zokuhlela.
  • Inikeza i-Creadism ye-Indiya Seed Fund yokuqala (SISFS):[[FL:1] inikeza i-crrever enkulu ngokuqala kobufakazi bendlela, ukufinyeza, nokungena kwemakethe.
  • I-Credit Isiqinisekiso se-Scheme: Iboleka amabhange nge-610 crore ukuze iqaphele ukuqala ngaphandle kokuhlela, okumbozwe yi-Description Fund Trust for Micropus ne-Exchange Small (CGTMSE).

Leli cebo laqala i-parker eyodwa yolwembu lwe-internet (startupia.gov.in) lapho abasunguli bengabhalisa khona, bafake khona inzuzo, futhi baxhumane nabanikazi bezimali nabangenisi. Kusukela ngo-2024, isiqalo esingaphezu kwe-120 000 siye saqalwa ngaphansi kwe-DPIT, kwakha imisebenzi elinganiselwa ku-10 lakh ngokuqondile.

Ukuthunywa Kwe - atali Ukuvuselela Imvelo (AIM)

Iqondiswa yi-NITI Aayog, i-Atali Innovation Mission ihlose ukuthuthukisa isiko lokusungula nohwebo kusukela esikoleni kuya emazingeni aphansi. Ingxenye yayo eyinhloko ihlanganisa:

  • Atari Tinkering Labs (ATL): ebekwe ezikoleni ezingaphezu kuka 10 000 eNdiya, la mabhulabhu anikeza abafundi amathuluzi afana nama-3D abanyathelisi, amathuluzi erobhothi, kanye nama-microbitorer, akhuthaza ukuxazulula kwenkinga yezandla.
  • Ataribation Centers (AIC):[ Okwamanje] izikhungo ezingamashumi ayisikhombisa + ezisebenza emayunivesithi, ezikhungweni zokucwaninga, nasemaqulwini abantu, ukunikeza umeluleki, indawo yehhovisi, nembewu eziqalweni zokuqala.
  • Inselele ze-Atali New India: Uchungechunge lwezinkulumo zenkinga ezivela kumsebenzi kahulumeni kanye nezimboni ezisebenza nabo, zimema ukuqala ukuveza amakhambi ngokunikeza imali elingana no-61 crore.
  • Ukuqeqeshelwa nokuqeqesha: I-AIM iphethe izinhlelo zothisha, abafundi, kanye nosomabhizinisi abazimisele, kuhlanganise "nometha wase-Indiya" nenethiwekhi yochwepheshe abanolwazi.

I - AIM iye yasekela ngokuqondile amakhulu eminyaka aqala futhi iye yaba usizo ekususeni imicabango ekufuneni umsebenzi, ikakhulukazi emadolobheni amancane.

Okunye Ukusekela Kwabefundisi

Ngalé kwezindlela ezimbili ezihamba ngemikhumbi, izimiso eziningana ezinqamule ziqinisa indawo yokuqala ezungezile:

  • Wenza eNdiya:[ ikhuthaza ukutshala imali ngokuqondile nokukhiqiza kwangaphandle, idala amathuba okunikeza amaketanga okuqala endaweni ephezulu, ekuvikeleni, kumaelectronic, nakumandla avuseleleka.
  • Indiya: enwetshiwe i-internactive sync, i-Aadhaar-incazelo esekelwe kumanani, kanye nesisekelo se-Actives menual (UPI) ehlanganisa i-Digital, eqala ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo ukuze kwakhiwe isigidi sezigidi+ abantu.
  • I-Schemess e-Intenity expendiwe (PLI) Isho izisusa zemali kubenzi abathatha amangxenye angu-14 (kuhlanganise ama-electronic, izimoto, indwangu, ne-drones), ukuvula amathuba e-B2B eqala lezomboni.
  • I-Geospatial Data Policy (2021): Ukutholakala okukhululekile kokudweba izibalo nemininingwane yamaza, okwenza ukuba kuqalwe nge-logistism, i-agritech, kanye nokuhlela kwasedolobheni ukusebenzisa imifanekiso yesiphuphutheki esiphezulu ngaphandle kokuvuma kwangaphambi.

Ngayinye yalezi zinqubo inciphisa ukungezwani kwabahwebi, kungaba ngokwehlisa izindleko ezitholakalayo, ukuthuthukisa ukutholakala kokwaziswa, noma ngokudayisa.

Ukusekela Nezinzuzo Zezimali

Ukukwazi ukungena enhloko - dolobha kuseyisici esibalulekile sokusinda kokuqala nokuhamba. Uhulumeni waseNdiya unikeza ukusekela ngokwezimali ngezipho eziqondile, ngezinzuzo zentela, nangezindlela ezingaqondile ezifana nezinkongozelo zemali nesiqinisekiso sokuthenga ngesikweleti.

Amaholide Entela Nokudelelwa

Izindawo eziqalwayo zingakhokha intela encishisiwe ekhulu ngenzuzo noma yimiphi iminyaka emithathu elandelanayo phakathi neminyaka eyishumi yokuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutshala izimali ngokubhalisa izimali zenhloko- dolobha ne-SEBI kukhululwa ekutholeni intela yenhloko- dolobha. Iziqalo futhi zithola ukudededelwa kwentela yemali edonswayo ngenani lemali lokutshala imali elingaphezulu kwenani lemali elifanele lezentengiselwano (Umthetho we-Inhome Tax 56 we-Iname Tax Act), ilungiselelo eliyinhloko lokugwema ukukhokha intela yezentengozo ezilethwaneni zezingelosi.

Izimali zeziqalisi (FFS)

Njengoba iphethwe yi-FS Inguqual Instrustries Development Bank yaseNdiya (SIDBI), i-FS iyikhorpus engu-310 000 engenisa imali e-SEBI-ebhaliswe ngokusemthethweni e-ANTIFSmentments (AIFS). Le -AIFS, ngokulandelana kwayo, ihlela inhloko - dolobha kukuqala kweqophelo lokuqala neqophelo lokukhula. Imali ihlelwe njenge-"isikhwama semali" — ayifaki ngokuqondile kodwa njenge-ankile yokuqoqa inhloko - dolobha yangasese. Njengango-2024, iFS iye yanikela ngo-88,000+ celele ku-100 I-IFFFS, kanye kanye kanye ekwenziwe ekuqaleni okungaphezu kuka-900.

Isiqinisekiso Semali Nesu Eliyinzuzo

Imali ye-Corrective Fund Trust for Micropublicas ne-Exchange Encinci (CGTMSE) inikeza imali ebolekiswayo ekhululekile ku-7610 creole ukuba iqalwe. Amazinga emali ye-insondi ayafihlwa, futhi isiqinisekiso simboze i-85% yemali ebolekwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Flup Seating Fund ye-Indiya (SITSFSFS) inikeza i-65 crree ngesiqalo sokuqinisekisa, iprotoping, i-protoping, kanye nokungena kwemakethe, ikhishwe ngenkomba ezikhethiwe.

Ukucwaninga Nezimpahla Zentuthuko

Imithombo enjenge-Department of Science and Technology (DST), i-DBTology, ne-Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) inikeza imivuzo yemisebenzi ye-R&D. Ngokwesibonelo, NIDHI[ (Uhlelo lwesizwe lokuthuthukisa nokulungisa) lunikeza intuthuko yobuchwepheshe futhi lusebenzise i-profection. Izakhiwo ezisebenza kwezobuchwepheshe obujulile, i-biochte, i-Alpha, ne-Aicium ehlanzekile zikhuthazwa kakhulu.

Izakhiwo Nezakhiwo Ezinamandla

Ngaphandle kokuxhasa ngemali, uhulumeni uye wafaka isisekelo esingokomzimba nesezinhlangano ukuze asekele ukuqala.

I - croate Parks Ne - technology Parks

Ohulumeni bombuso nezinhlangano ezifana ne-Software Technology Parks yaseNdiya (STPI) ziye zamisa amapaki okuvula anikezelwe emadolobheni amakhulu. Lamapaki anikeza i-plagn-ne project, i-nvernet, ukuhlola ama-rab, nezindawo zengqungquthela emazingeni angaphansi. Ngokwesibonelo, i-STPI station Hub indawo yokuqalisa e-Bhubanaswar, i-Bengaluru, ne-Hyrabadru, ne-Hyrabhadhad inikeza indawo egcwele izinto ezinto ezikodwayo. I - I - Invite Institute of Technology (IT) i-PT) i-PURCURC) e-ITC, kanye nokucwaninga amapaki anjalo. I-Maithradrust izakhiwo ezinkulu kakhulu.

Izinhlelo Zokuhlanganisa Nokushintshashintsha Kwejubane

Iqoqo elikhulu lemishini engenisa izimali kanye nezinhlelo, elixhaswe ngokwengxenye noma ngokugcwele nguhulumeni, lisekela ukuqala kwasekuqaleni kwesiteji. Izinhlangano ezingakholeki zihlanganisa:

  • [[UMT:0] (Hyderabad) — ubudlelwane bomphakathi bomphakathi obuye basekela isiqalo esingaphezu kuka2 000.
  • Kerama CreateDY Mission (KSUM) — i-intelligator yesifunda eyaziwa ngokugxila kwayo ekujuleni kwetheyiphu.
  • Ukulwela ukubuyisa nokulungisa (SIN) e-IT Bombay — omunye wezifundo zakudala kakhulu eNdiya.
  • Ataricubation Centers [] — isakazekele ezifundazweni ezingu-29, inikeza izimali zembewu nosizo.

Lezizinhlangano futhi zinezinhlelo ezisheshayo ezihlanganisa ukuqala kwezisebenzi ezisebenza nezisebenzi zenkampani, abatshali bezimali bembulunga yonke, nochwepheshe bezindawo.

Izakhiwo Eziwubuchwepheshe

Izinyathelo ezifana ne- Stackho — isethi ye-AP Is ehlanganisa ne-Aadhaar (isimo esihlangene), UPI (ukukhokha), i-Digi Locker (umgcini wencwadi), kanye ne-Akhawuntial Agggegator (ukwaziswa okuhlangeneyo) — iye yenza ukuba iziqalo zokwakha izixazululo ngezindleko eziphansi. Isibonelo, i-pintech soundting SPIPI (iphaketial), i-UPI (ukukhokha) i-DigiLocker (umbhalo), ne-Akhawuntier (ukwaziswa kokwaziswa okungahlulwayo), ne-Aggentium essss asebenzisa ukuveza i-Adaar ukuze i-octives. Uhulumeni unciphisa izindleko zemisebenzi yomphakathi ne-software.

Izinyathelo Ezithatha Ibanga Likahulumeni

Iqaphela ukuthi isayensi yezebhizinisi ivame ukuba indawo ezungezile ephakeme kakhulu, izifunda eziningi zaseNdiya ziye zasungula izimiso zazo siqu zokuqala ezisekela izinhlelo eziyinhloko. Lezinkambiso zinikeza intela eyengeziwe, ukuxhasa umhlaba, kanye nezisusa ezisengxenyeni.

  • Karnataka — Uhulumeni wezwe wamisa "Qup Karnataka" enesikhwama esinikezelwe se-68200 crore, i-window eyodwa kahulumeni, nenethiwekhi ye-30+ provesting internation. iBengaluru ihlala iyisikhungo esikhulu kakhulu sokuqala eNdiya.
  • TELANA — "Indawo ezungezile" eHyderabad isekelwa ikomkhulu lemisebenzi ehlotshisiwe ngumbuso, "T-Found," ne-6100 crrore ebekwe ekuqaleni kwesiteji sakuqala. Umbuso uhlanganisa futhi "Intsha yesandbox" izinhlelo zokuhlola kabusha.
  • Amaharashtra — iMumbai nePne iphethe i-pintech ne-biotech cookies. "Inhlangano yeMaharashtra State Innovation Society" inikeza i-[650 lakh izimali zemisebenzi emisha, futhi uhulumeni ufaka idedensi ekuqaleni umsebenzi wezitembu ekubhaliseni impahla.
  • Tamil Nadu — I-"Tamil Nadu Domarnation and Involution Mission" isungule 50+ izikhungo zokufukuza futhi inikeza izindleko ezinkulu ezingamashumi amabili% zesiqalo esifanelekile.
  • Ezinye izifundazwe [ — iGujarat, iRajasthan, i-Uttar Pradesh, ne-Madhya Pradesh zisungule futhi izimiso zokuqalisa ngezimali ezibolekwayo, ukusekela, kanye nenkokhelo ye-R&D.

Imizamo ehlukahlukene yesilinganiso sikahulumeni iqinisekisa ukuthi ukuqala kungakhetha indawo evumelana nemboni yayo emile, izindleko, nokutholakala kwamathalenta.

Izinselele Nezithiyo

Naphezu kwentuthuko, imvelo eqalayo eNdiya ibhekana nezinselele eziningana zokwakha ezidinga ukunakekelwa njalo.

Ukutholakala kwezimali zesikole samuva

Nakuba imali esetshenziswa ekuqaleni kwesiteji iye yakhula ngokuphawulekayo, inhloko- dolobha yamuva yasesiteji (iSikhungo C nangalé) ihlala ilinganiselwe uma iqhathaniswa ne-US ne-China. Isiqalo esiningi samaNdiya sithola "inani eliwumbukwane lokufa" uma kudingeka alinganise izimali ezinkulu kodwa angakwazi ukukhanga izikhulu ezinkulu zezebhizinisi. Imali kahulumeni yeNgxowa-mali ngokwengxenye ibhekisa phambili, kodwa imali incane kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nokugeleza kwenhloko- dolobha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimali zasekhaya (imali yemali yemali, izinkampani zomshuwalense) zisuke zingekho kakhulu ekuthengeni izindleko zokuqalisa.

Inhlangano Eqondisayo

Nakuba i-Indiya yokuqala yasungula izatifiketi zokuzibhalisa ngemithetho ethile, isiqalo sisabhekene nezimfuneko eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuvumelana ngaphansi kwe-GST, intela yeholo, umthetho wenkampani, nezimiso ze-sethi (umz., ukuphepha kokudla, ukubhalisa nge-fintech). Ukuzibhalisa nokushintsha okuvamile okungokomthetho kudala ukubusa okuphambukisa abasuba emisebenzini yezebhizinisi eliphambili.

Ukuntula Kwamabhangqa Nezinga Lamakhono

I-Indiya iveza inani elikhulu labathweswa iziqu, kodwa abaningi abanawo amakhono asebenzayo adingekayo ekuqalisweni kobuchwepheshe. Isayensi yemininingwane, i-Al/ML, ukulawulwa kwemikhiqizo, kanye nekhono lokusebenza nge-inthanethi lifunwa kakhulu futhi linciphile. I-Skill Synd India yokuthatha isinyathelo kanye nezinhlelo zokufihla iyunivesithi iyasiza, kodwa leligebe lisaqhubeka, ikakhulukazi kubuchwepheshe obuvelayo.

Amabhodlela aqinile emadolobheni aseTier-2/3

Nakuba uhulumeni ekhuthaza ezohwebo ngalé kwe-metros, amadolobha anjenge-Lucknow, i-Indore, neJaipur asabhekene nogesi ongathembekile, i-inthanethi exhunyiwe, nezindawo ezilinganiselwe zokusebenza. Iprojekthi ye-BharatNet (i-orefiber ehambela amadolobhana) futhi ukukhula kwe-5G kulindeleke ukuba kuthuthukise lokhu, kodwa intuthuko ayisheshi.

Izinselele Zokuphuma

Amaqalo kanye nabatshali bawo badinga izindlela ezisebenzayo zokuphuma ukuze baphinde bavuselele inhloko- dolobha. Imakethe ye-IPO yaseNdiya iye yathuthuka (ngokwesibonelo, i-Zomato, i-Paytm, i-PolicyBazaar), kodwa izimakethe ezilandelayo zesabelo sangasese zincane, futhi umsebenzi we-M&A ulinganiselwe ngenxa yokulingana. Uhulumeni wasungula "I-PPPO" uhlelo lwe-sethi "Ukuqala IPO" olunezimfuneko eziphansi, kodwa itshekile.

Umbono Wesikhathi Esizayo Nokutuswa

Uma ubheka phambili, uhulumeni waseNdiya kulindeleke ukuba uthuthukise izimiso zawo zokuqala ngezindlela eziningana:

  • Ukuhlanganiswa kokulalela: A "isikhumulo sokubuka" esihlangene esihlanganisa iGST, intela yeholo, nokubhalisa kwesilinganiso sikahulumeni kunganciphisa ukwehlukana kwamanje. I-"Ubuchasi Reformation Plan" (BRAP) ihlose ukuthobela imishini futhi inciphise isikhathi esijikelezayo.
  • [ Izindlela ezigunyaziwe zokuxhasa imali: Ukwandisa iNgxowa-mali yezimali i-corpus ngalé kwe-610 000 futhi uvumele izimali zempesheni zasekhaya ukuba zifake izimali ebhizinisini elikhulu (umz., ngoku "ukuthemba inhloko - dolobha yezizwe zonke")) kungavula inhloko - dolobha yemuva kakhulu.
  • ukugxila kobuchwepheshe ne-R&D okugcwele: Ukwandisa uhlelo lwemali yemali yemali yemali yemali ne-R&D kanye nokwakha izikhundla zokusungula eziqondene (njengoba kusemkhathini, i-biotech, kanye nemishini esetshenziswayo) kuzosiza i-Indiya ukuba incintisane nobuchwepheshe be-pal enzulu ye-CProduction Policy[ inhloso yokunikeza ukusekela okunikezelwe kwezesayensi kanye nesiqalo sesayensi.
  • Ukuhlanganiswa kwembulunga yonke:[ Izinhlelo zokushintshana kokuqala kwe-Biteral, ukuncishiswa kwemithetho yemvume kubasunguli bangaphandle, kanye nobudlelwane nezikhitshane zomhlaba wonke (njenge-Y Continator and Tech Stars) kungasiza ukuqala ukufinyelela izimakethe zembulunga yonke nenhloko- dolobha yamaNdiya.
  • Ukuhlola uhlelo lwe-data-driven: Usebenzisa ukwaziswa kwangempela okuvela ku-state yase-Indiya yokuqala nemithombo kungasiza abenzi bezimiso ukuveza amabhodlela angenwayo nokulungisa izinhlelo. Amaxa athile "ama-centreneurial scheme" esifundazweni nasemazingeni esifunda ukuba athuthukise ukwabiwa kwemicebo.

Isimiso sezinto eziphilayo zaseNdiya esiqalwayo sisemqoka. Isibopho sikahulumeni esiqhubekayo — esiboniswa ngokuhlelwa kwezindawo zokuhlela imali, ukulungisa izinhlelo, nezakhiwo ezihleliwe — sinikeza isisekelo esiqinile. Nokho, ukuqaphela ngokugcwele okungadinga ukubambisana okuqhubekayo phakathi kohulumeni abaphakathi nohulumeni, umkhakha ozimele, i-academia, kanye nomphakathi wokuqala ngokwawo.

Abasunguli banqamula kulendawo, imithombo esemthethweni ebanzi enjenge- i-Indiya ye-statup , ingena e-Atari Invernovation Mission[, futhi ihlale inolwazi ngezimiso zezwe ezisesilinganisweni. Ngokusekela okulungile, abahwebi bamaNdiya bazimisele ukuxazulula izinselele zendawo nembulunga yonke, badala inzuzo ehlala njalo yezomnotho nezenhlalo.