Isingeniso: Isisekelo Sokubusa Okulungile

Isimiso sokuthengwa komphakathi saseNdiya singenye yezindlela ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni, izibalo ze-20-30% ye-GDP yalelizwe. Sithathelwe isilinganiso sokusebenzisa i-inpublies (indlela uhulumeni athenga ngayo izinto, izinkonzo, nemisebenzi ithinta ngokuqondile impumelelo yezezomnotho, impilo ephilile, nokuthemba umphakathi. Kule shumi leminyaka elidlule, uchungechunge lwezinguquko zenqubo ziye zasungulwa ukuguqula inqubo eyayineze-pesenti ibe inqubo ye-miliniki, ekhanyayo, nebonisa ukuncintisana. Lezi zinguquko azizona nje izikhungo zokuphatha; zimelela ukushintshela okuyisisekelo ekuqondiseni ukubusa.

Isisekelo salokhu kuguqulwa yisibopho sikahulumeni sokunikeza imvume yokulungisa , izinqubo ezisemthethweni[, kanye amapulani ashiya indawo encane yendlela yokuqonda noma ukonakala. Lesi sihloko sihlola izimiso ezisekela izakhiwo zesayensi zanamuhla, indlela ezikhuthaza ngayo ukubonakala ngokuphumelelayo, ithonya elibambekayo, nezinselele eziqhubekayo zesimiso okumelwe sikhulume.

Ukubuka ngokubuka umshini womphakathi wase-Indiya

Ukuthengwa komphakathi eNdiya kulawulwa ngokuyinhloko yi-General Financial Miles (GFR), i-Manual for Procement of Goods, neziqondiso eziqondene namakhomu ezikhishwe yi-Department of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) ne-Ministry of Treasurence. Ephakathi, uDrectorate General of projects and Dispositals (DGS&D) engokomlando yasingatha ukuthengwa okukhulu, kodwa eminyakeni yamuva lendima iye yashintshela kwisibonelo esihloniphekile lapho i-ofisi ye-zimanti nemisebenzi yomphakathi (PU) ilawula ukuzuza kwayo siqu inzuzo eyisa eyisaneni elivamile.

Isilinganiso siyashaqisa: Izinhlangano zikahulumeni ezingaphezu kuka - 50 000 zihilelekile ekutholeni imali, zichitha i-creve elinganiselwa ku-2810-12 ngonyaka ezintweni zodwa, zisusa imisebenzi emikhulu yezemisebenzi. Ukuguqula isimiso esinjalo esiqhubekayo akudingi imithetho nje kuphela kodwa futhi nezimiso zezobuchwepheshe kanye nokushintsha kwesiko ekuthuleni inkululeko.

Umsebenzi Ongokomthetho Nowokuqondisa

Amathuluzi ayinhloko achaza izinkambiso zokuthola amaNdiya ahlanganisa:

  • Ngokugcwele Imithetho yezezimali (GFR), 2017: Inikeza izimiso ezilawulayo zokuphatha ngokwezimali nokuthola okuvela ezinhlanganweni zikahulumeni. Bagunyaza ukuncintisana okuvulekile, ukuba kubonakale, nokusetshenziswa kokulungisa zonke izilinganiso ezingenhla.
  • [ Umthetho wokulungisa inzuzo, 2017: unikeza izinqubo eziningiliziwe ukuze kuthunyelwe, kuhlolwe, futhi kuqondiswe isivumelwano, kugcizelelwe ukusetshenziswa kwezincwadi ezisemthethweni zokugunyaza kanye namapulatifomu ku-inthanethi.
  • Umthetho wobuPublic Proficument wobuMicropu kunye ne-ENT encinci (MSES), 2012 (uguquliwe): u-Mantaday leyonkonzo kahulumeni omkhulu kanye nomthombo we-PUS cishe u-25% wemali yabo yaminyaka yonke ethathwe ku-MSES, kanye ne-4% efakiweyo yabesifazane abahamba ngeMSSE.
  • GemeM (Isigcawu se-E-MCT) umsebenzi wesakhelo:[ Isiteji yolwembu luka-inthanethi esiye saba yiphutha kuzo zonke izimpahla nezinkonzo ezivamile, ukuhlanganisa ama-catalog, ukugunyaza, nokukhokha ngaphansi kwesimiso esisodwa.

Izici Eziyinhloko Ezikhuthaza Ukubona Izindawo Ngokubonana

Ukubonana kwempahla yomphakathi akukona nje ukwenza ukwaziswa kutholakale; kungokokuqinisekisa ukuthi inyathelo ngalinye (kusukela ekuthatheni kuya emklomelweni) kuya ekukhokheni ("iyabonakala, iyaqinisekiswa, futhi iyaphenyeka. Izimiso zaseNdiya ziveza ukukhanya ngezindlela eziningi eziqinile.

Ukuphola Nezinqubo Zokwelapha Kuyi - Internet

Kusukela ekungeneni kwe-Central Public Profication Port (PPP) kanye ne-Hulumeni yeMakethe (GEM) ngo-2016, cishe wonke amanani kahulumeni abekwe ngaphezu kwe-762 lakh aye ahamba nge-intanethi. Lolu shintsho luye lwasusa umkhuba omdala wokuzithobisa ngokomzimba, owawuhlukunyezwe ukuguqula, ukulahleka kwezincwadi, nokusiza ngokungafanele. Namuhla, abadayisi bafaka izicelo ze-electal, nenqubo yonke (ukuvula i-bid, ukuhlola, kanye nokubhala okubhaliwe ngomzila wophazakhothano.)

I-GeM, ikakhulukazi, isiyi-opera yemidlalo. Ngasekuqaleni kuka-2025, inemikhiqizo nezinkonzo ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-7 kubathengisi ababhalisile abangaphezu kuka-800,000 nabathengisi bakahulumeni abangaphezu kuka-100 000. Zonke izikhangiso zeGEM zibonakala obala ebhodini lepulatifomu, kuhlanganise nokwazi ukuthi umthengisi, umthengisi, inani elikhokhwayo, nosuku lokuhleleka. Lelizinga lokukhanya alikhonjwanga eminyakeni eyishumi edlule.

" I-GEM platifomu iye yaguqula ukutholakala komphakathi eNdiya ngokukwenza kube yi-inthanethi, ukubonakala, nokwaziswa okukhanyayo. Kunciphise isikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwe-avhareji ngo-30-50% futhi kwasindisa uhulumeni izinkulungwane zamacroreat ngezindleko.” — NITI Aayog Report, 2023[FL:1]

Vula umncintiswano

Izimiso ze-Indiya ezigunyaza ukuba ngaphandle kokuba ukukhululeka okukhethekile (njengokwamukelwa komthombo owodwa) kugunyazwe ngokubhala nangokuvunyelwa yigunya elikhulu, zonke izinsinjana kumelwe zivuleke kubo bonke abafanelekelayo. Lesimiso sokuncintisana okuvulekileyo [ siphoqelelwa kulokhu okulandelayo:

  • Isaziso sePublic: Zonke izici zenani eliphezulu 762 lakh zikhishwe kuyi-CPPP nasephephandabeni elilodwa lezwe. IGM ngokuzenzakalela isakaza amathuba kubathengisi ababhalisiweyo.
  • Access:[ Akukho drader engakhishwa ngezizathu ezicatshangelwe. Izimiso zemfanelo nokuhlola zichazwe ngokucacile ebhukwini lokuhlola, futhi indlela yokuhlola (umz., izindleko eziphansi kakhulu noma intengo yezinga) ichazwe ngokucace.
  • IRedressal: Izibhexi zingaphakamisa ukuphikiswa kuyi-inthanethi phakathi nenkathi ethile eqondile, futhi isikhulu esikhethiwe kudingeka siphendule ngezizathu. Lenqubo inqanda ukukhetha.

Iziqondiso Ezivamile Zicacile

Ukuhlakanipha kwezincwadi zokuthola imali kubangela ukonakala nezingxabano. Izwe laseNdiya liye lakhuluma ngalokhu ngokuhlela amabhukwana abhaliwe, iziqondiso, nezivumelwano eminyangweni kahulumeni eminingi. I-Manual for Profication of Goods inikeza imibhalo eyisibonelo engasetshenziswa ngaphandle kokulungisa kakhulu. Eminyangweni nangezinkonzo, imibhalo yesibonelo ehlukene ikhona ngaphansi kweziqondiso ze-Central Vigilance Commission (CC).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimiso zidinga ukuba zonke izinqubo eziphambukile ezinjwayezini zibhalwe ngokubhalwa nangokuvunyelwa. Ngokwesibonelo, uma imvume yokuthola inzuzo yenziwe nge-ntroup (esikhundleni sokuvulwa), ukulunga kumelwe kubhalwe phansi futhi kutholakale ukuze kuphenywe. Lokhu kwenza indlela yokulandisa ekwazi ukulandisa emikhandlwini yabaphathi njenge-Comproller and Piccilliner General (CAG) ingacubungula.

Izinyathelo Ezisiza Ukwaneliseka

Ukuphumelela ekutholeni imali kusho ukukwenza ngokushesha, ukubiza, futhi ngamaphutha ambalwa. Izinguquko zaseNdiya ziye zagxila ezinqubweni ezinamfukayo, ukunciphisa ukungenela kwezandla, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhomba.

Ukucwebeka Kwefasitela Linye

Iminyango eminingi kahulumeni iye yamukela i-fax display eyodwa ye-window ecacisayo, lapho zonke izimvume zokuthola (imvume yokuvumelana, ukuhlolwa komsebenzi, ukugunyazwa okungokomthetho) zithathwa ngesimiso esisodwa solayini kunokufuna umthengisi ukuba avakashele amahhovisi amaningi. Lokhu akugcini kuphela isikhathi kodwa futhi kunciphisa amathuba okubambezeleka nokufumbathisa. Ezinhleloni zekhethelo ezifana ne- ukwenza eNdiya inyathelo lokuqala, izibuko elilodwa lefasitela lokuhlola amahhovisi amaningi. Lokhu akugcini nje isikhathi kodwa kunciphisa amathuba okubhalisa nokufumbathisa.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwalo Lonke Ibhayisekili Lokwelapha

Ukusetshenziswa kwemishini kungaphezu nje kokuthambisa. Ukuthengwa komphakathi wamaNdiya anamuhla kuhlanganisa:

  • E-Catalog:[ GeM isebenzisa ama-catalog ashukumisayo lapho abathengisi belungisa khona amanani kanye nokutholakala kwesikhathi sangempela. Abathengi bangaqhathanisa imikhiqizo ezindaweni eziningi ze-athom ngaphandle kokulindela ukucaphuna.
  • AMAHLOBO-EQULE: Impahla nezinto ezivamile, intengo ebuya emuva iqhutshwa kulayini, ngokuvamile ishayela amanani 10-20% ephansi kunenani lemali egciniwe. Amarekhodi ohlelo alinganisela yonke intengo nonqobi anqunywa ngokuzenzakalela.
  • Ukuphathwa kwekhotract:[ Izincwadi zisayinwa ngokwezinombolo ngokusebenzisa i-Aadhaar-sectal esekelwe e-signome, futhi ukuhlola ukusebenza kwenziwa ngamabhodi efulege abambezelayo.
  • Imali ekhokhelwayo:[ Isimiso sezezimali somphakathi (PFMS) sihlangana ne-GEM kanye namanye amapulatifomu ukuhlela ukukhokha ngokuzenzakalela ekuqinisekiseni ukudluliseleni, ukunciphisa imijikelezo yokukhokha kusukela ku-90+ izinsuku kuya ku-15 ukudayisa okuningi.

Amadokhumende Avamile Nezitiski

Ukubekwa isigaba kuthuthukisa ngokuqondile ukusebenza kahle kokunciphisa isikhathi esichithwayo sokudweba, ukubukeza, nokuvuma amabhukwana okugunyazwa. Ukuthatha kukaNdiya isicelo se-Model for Proposals [RFPs] kanye ne-[FLT] ezihambelanayo nezimo [[[FLTLT:3] kuqinisekisa ukuthi abathengi nabaceli bayazi kahle ukuthi yini okumelwe bayilindele. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu emikhankamweni emikhulu, lapho izimpikiswano ezingokomthetho ngezivumelwano ezinhlobo zingabopha izigidi zezigidi zemali iminyaka eminingi.

Ngokwesibonelo, iNkonzo ye-Graad Transport and Highways isebenzisa isivumelwano esivamile esivumela ukuba kube nomphakathi ohamba emgwaqweni, oye waphindaniswa nezifundazwe kulo lonke elaseNdiya. Lokhu kuvumela abafaki zincwadi ukuba bahlole amathuba ngokushesha futhi kunciphise isidingo sokubhalisa okukhulu okungokomthetho eprojekthi ngayinye.

Ithonya Lalemiqondo

Imiphumela esobala yezimiso ze-Indiya ezibonisayo neziphumelelayo zingakwazi ukutholakala ngokwezilinganiso eziningi.

Ukunciphisa Ukonakala

I-Transparency Foiceptions International Index ibonisa intuthuko eyenzeka kancane kancane engosini yaseNdiya kusukela ngo-2016, ihambisana nokukhutshelwa kwe-e-project. Nakuba kunezici eziningi ezinikelayo, ukwaziswa okuvela kuyi-CVC kubonisa ukwehla okukhulu kwezikhalo ezihlobene nokutholakala kweminyango kahulumeni ophakathi. I-Internet yenza kube nzima kakhulu ukukhokha izimali zokuhlobisa noma ukufumbathisa ngaphandle kokulunga. Ngokwengxelo ye-20222 , i-e procementation system ye-inmentation system inciphisa amathuba okuthola imali ehambisana nenkohlakalo elinganiselwa ku-40%.

Ukubaluleka Okungcono Kwemali

Ucwaningo olwenziwa yi-Indian Institute of Management lubonise ukuthi ukuncintisana nge-inthanethi kuholela entengo ye-15-25% kunezindlela ezivamile, ngisho nangemva kokuthatha i-ace. I-GEM platform iyodwa ilinganiselwa ukuthi yasindisa uhulumeni ngesilinganiso se-61 lakh creor ephelele kusukela ekuqaleni kwayo, ngokuthola intengo nokususa kwabantu abaphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwehla kwesikhathi sokuhamba ngemijikelezo (kusukela esingu-60 kuya ngaphansi kwezinsuku ezingu-30) kusho ukuthi izakhiwo ziqala ngokushesha, ukunciphisa izindleko zokusetshenziswa kwemijaho.

Ukuhlanganyela Okwandayo Nokuncintisana

Amabhizinisi amancane nanama-micrount nama-diffion, manje asenemvume engenakulinganiswa nezivumelwano zikahulumeni. Inqubo ethandwayo ye-MSEs, ihlangene nokubhaliswa kalula kwe-GEM, iye yabangela ukukhuphuka kwenani lama-pider ngesisa. Eziningi ezisetshenziswayo, isilinganiso senani labathengi liye lanyuka kusukela kwabathathu kuya kwabayishumi nambili. Lokhu kuncintisana kuqhubekisela phambili nokulinganisela kwentengo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nqubo iye yafaka imfuneko ekwazini ukudlulisa ngempumelelo kubenzi bezinto bendawo, iqinisa i-Atmanbirbar Bhar[[ isilinganiso senani elivamile [inani elivamile] (i-Relitant) iNdiya).

Ukwethenjwa Omphakathi Okuthuthukisiwe

Uma izakhamuzi zingabona ngokuqondile ukuthi uhulumeni uthengani, ukuthi kunani, futhi kungakanani, ukuthembela ezikhungweni zomphakathi kuyathuthuka. I-GeM quarcboard, ebonisa konke okuthengiselwayo ngesikhathi sangempela, iyithuluzi elinamandla lokuqondisa umphakathi womphakathi. Izinhlangano zezokuxhumana nabacwaningi bavame ukuwamba la mininingwane ukuze babike ngezindlela zokusebenzisa imali. Lokhu kuveza futhi izikhulu zikahulumeni, eziyazi ukuthi noma isiphi isimemezelo esingajwayelekile singabonwa ngokushesha ngababali-uli noma amaphephandaba.

Izinselele Neziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo

Naphezu kwalempumelelo, isimiso somphakathi sokuthola imali sinamaphutha eNdiya. Izinselele eziningana kumelwe zihloselwe ukusekela nokujulisa inzuzo.

Ukugcwalisa Okuguquguqukayo Ngaphesheya Kwamazwe Namahlelo

Nakuba iminyango kahulumeni omkhulu iye yathola ukulungiswa ngokushesha kwe-e-project, izifunda eziningi cishe ezincane zithembele ezimisweni ezinziwa ngezandla noma ezixutshwe nge-projekthi. Izinga lokuthola imishini liyahluka kakhulu: ezinye izifunda zinezimiso eziqinile ezikwazi ukuphenya isikhathi sangempela, kuyilapho ezinye zinenkinga yokungaphelele, ukulibala, ukukhokhela, nokusebenzisa okulinganiselwe kwemibhalo ehleliwe. Ngokwesibonelo, iminyango eminingana yezempilo isathola imithi ngezingxoxo ezivaliweyo, kuholela ekumangalelweni kokusetshenziswa kwemishini yokusebenza.

Isakhiwo Sasebukhosini Nemigoqo Yemithombo Yezinto Yomuntu

Ukuthola imali ephumelelayo kudinga ochwepheshe abakwaziyo ukuqonda kokubili uhlelo lomthetho nobuchwepheshe. Iminyango eminingi kahulumeni ayinazo izazi ezinikezelwe zokuthola izimali; kunalokho, izimali ziphathwa abaphathi be-jenalistrial abajikeleza njalo eminyakeni embalwa. Lokhu kuholela emaphutha ekwabhalweni kwemibhalo, ukungahlolwa kahle, nokuphuthelwa amathuba okusungula kabusha. Uhulumeni uye wasungula izinhlelo zokuqeqesha nge-National Institute of Financial Management[, kodwa izinga lokuhlola lihamba kancane.

Izinselele Zokwehlukana Kwezinombolo Nezokushaya Indlwabu

Nakuba i-GEM isiye yanciphisa izithiyo zokungena, imibhoshongo eminingi ezindaweni zasemaphandleni ayikakwazi ukufinyelela i-inthanethi, ukufunda nokubhala, noma ama-akhawunti ebhange anamandla okukhokha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imfuneko yokusayinwa kwamanani nokubhaliswa kwe-GST ingaba yisithiyo. Uhulumeni uye waphendula ngokumisa izikhungo ezisezindaweni ezisezindaweni ezisemaphandleni nokunikeza ukuqeqeshwa ngesihle, kodwa ukuphumelela kudingeka kwandiswe kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinzuzo zokukhanya ngaphandle kokukhanya zigcwele yonke indawo.

Ukuqondisa Nokuhlaziya Okuqinisayo

Ngisho nangezinqubo ze-inthanethi, ukonakala kungaqhubeka uma izimiso zobubonisi zibuthakathaka. Okwamanje, i-Central Vigilance Commission kanye ne CAG[FLT]] inegunya lokuhlola ukuthengwa, kodwa ukufinyelela kwazo kulinganiselwe ngezisebenzi nangezobuchwepheshe. Kunesidingo sezimiso ezizihlola ngokubomvu ezizinzileyo ze-bitton, amabala, noma ama-primp aguquguqukayo. Ezinye izimiso ezithuthukisiwe zisebenzisa i-Albham ukuze zifune ama-almalie; i-Indiya i-achrier, kodwa ayizimbalwa, kodwa angezona ezivamile.

Iziyalezo Zesikhathi Esizayo: I - ai, I - blockchain, Nemininingwane Evuliwe

Lapho ibheka phambili, iNdiya ihlola izindlela eziningana ezintsha ukuze ithuthukise ukubonakala nokuphumelela kwayo:

  • Imisebenzi yokuhamba ngendiza isebenzisa izivumelwano ezihlakaniphile ezikhulula ukukhokha uma kuhlangatshezwana nezenzakalo ezithatha iqophelo eliphezulu inganciphisa izingxabano nezilibazi.
  • Ukuhlakanipha okuzenzekelayo kokuhlola i-Bid: Imithetho-algorith yomshini ungahlaziya ngokushesha izinkulungwane zemali ezifakwayo ukuze kuhlolwe ukucushwa komsindo, ukucutha ibhola eliphansi, noma imiklamo engavamile.
  • Ivula i-Data Extrating Standard (OCDS): i-Indiya iye yazibophezela ukunyathelisa ukwaziswa okusemklamweni we-OCDS e- ivula i-Contrating internationalship[. Lokhu kuvumela abacwaningi nomphakathi ukuba baqhube izilinganiso ezijulile.
  • [ Ukuhlanganiswa nama-Dimodule e-GST kanye nama-Corporate: Ukuhlanganisa ukwaziswa okutholayo ne-GST ebuyayo kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni i-icest yomthengisi futhi kuqaphe izibaleki zentela.

Isiphetho: Isibonelo Sezomnotho Ezihlangene

Uhambo lwaseNdiya ukusuka emshinini osekelwe ephepheni, owenziwe ngemishini, okhanyayo, noncintisanayo lunikeza izifundo eziwusizo ekuqhameni kwezomnotho emhlabeni wonke. Inhlanganisela yamapulatifomu aqinile angokomthetho, amapulatifomu obuchwepheshe anjenge GeM, kanye nobuqondisi benhlangano yezezobuchwepheshe inciphise ngokungelula inkohlakalo, inani elikhushuliwe lemali, nokuhlanganyela kwezentengiselwano okukhulisiwe. Nokho, umsebenzi awuphelele. Isigaba esilandelayo senguquko kumelwe sigxile ekuthuthukiseni izakhiwo ezifanayo, isakhiwo, kanye nobuchwepheshe obuphambili obunjenge-Alm kanye ne-ickchain ukuze kuhlale phambili kwezingozi ezihambisana nezingozi ezihambisanayo.

Njengoba iNdiya iqhubeka ifaka imali ezisekelweni zezakhiwo, ekunakekeleni impilo, nasekuvikeleni, ukuphumelela nokuthembeka kwemali yayo yomphakathi kuyonquma ngokuqondile ukuthi lokhu kutshala imali kunikeza umphakathi inzuzo enkulu yini. Lezinkambiso kakade sezinikeza isisekelo esiqinile; ngokugxila kwezombangazwe nokuqondisa okuqhubekayo, zingaveza ukubonakala okucace ngokwengeziwe nokuphumelela okukhulu eminyakeni ezayo.

Imibiko Nokufunda Okwengeziwe