Usizo lwakwamanye amazwe luye lwaba yithuluzi lentuthuko yomhlaba wonke, kodwa indima yayo ekuthuthukiseni ukukhula okungaguquguquki kwendawo ezungezile iye yabonakala ngokushesha njengoba isimo sezulu sishintsha. Emazweni asathuthuka, lapho izimali nezobuchwepheshe zivame ukuba yindlala khona, usizo lwakwamanye amazwe lunikeza ibhuloho elinzima lokwakha izomnotho eziluhlaza(isimiso sokunciphisa izingozi zendawo ezungezile ngesikhathi sithuthukisa ithuba lezomnotho nokungalingani. Lokhu kusekela kusukela ekusekeleni amapulazi azungeze ilanga emizini ephansi e-Saharan Afrika ukuqeqesha abalimi kwezolimo zezulu eNingizimu ye-Asia. Ngokusebenzisa imithombo yezentengiselwano evuselela amandla avuseneyo, ezolimongo ezilondolo, ezonga, ezoko lokulondoloza izakhiwo, usizo lwakwamanye amazwe athuthukayo, ukuthuthukisa ukuchuma kwezentengo yekharbo ezindaweni eziphezulu kanye nezindawo ezichumayo ezizuzisa abantu nembulungeni.

Iyini Imali Eluhlaza?

Umnotho oluhlaza awuwona umklamo owenziwe ngokusetshenziswa kwezomnotho, kodwa uyisibonelo esibanzi sezomnotho esihlanganisa indawo ezungezile nengxenye ngayinye. Ngokwe-United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), umnotho oluhlaza uphumela ekuthuthukiseni inhlalakahle nenhlala-khona yabantu kuyilapho kuncishiswa kakhulu izingozi zendawo ezungezile nezindawo ezizungezile. Lokhu kusho ukususwa kwezinto ezihlala kuyo ukuze kuvuselelwe amandla, ukwamukela izindlela zokukhiqiza ezingokwesizungu ezinciphisa imfucumfucu, ukuvikela imvelo nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi intuthuko yezomnotho ayiveli ngezindleko zemvelo. Ngokungafani nezezezemvelo zezemvelo, ngokuvamile ezibangela izindleko zendawo ezungezile, izomnotho eziluhlaza, zizenza zibe sendaweni ezungezile, zithuthukise izinga eligciniwe ngezindlela ezigcinwayo.

Izinsika eziyinhloko zomnotho oluhlaza zihlanganisa:

  • [ Amandla avuselelwayo — ilanga, umoya, amanzi asemanzini, ukushisa komhlaba, kanye ne-biomas yanamuhla.
  • [ Ukuphatha ezolimo [ — i-agroecology, ukulondolozwa kwe-albin, kanye nokuncitshiswa kwamakhemikhali afakwayo.
  • Isithuthi esihlanzekile — ukuhamba ngogesi, ukuthuthukisa ukuthutha komphakathi, nezakhiwo ezingekho mshini.
  • inzuzo engokomnotho neyindilinga [ — ukubuyisela, ukubuyisela, kanye nokuklama ukuze kuphile isikhathi eside.
  • Ukulungisa nokulondoloza inqubo ye-ecosystem [[FL:1] — ukubuyiselwa kwamahlathi, ukuvikela imvula, kanye namaphasishi ezinhlobonhlobo.

Emazweni asathuthuka, umnotho oluhlaza awuyona nje indlela engcono yokuthuthukisa indawo ezungezile. Kungadala imisebenzi, ukuthuthukisa amandla, ukuthuthukisa impilo yomphakathi ngokunciphisa ukungcola, futhi kwakhe isimo sezulu. Usizo lwakwamanye amazwe lubekwe ngendlela ekhethekile ukuze lusheshise lolu shintsho ngokunikeza inhloko - dolobha, ulwazi lobuchwepheshe, nenqubo yokusekela lokho ohulumeni bendawo namabhizinisi ngokuvamile abantulayo.

Indlela Usizo Lwakwamanye Amazwe Olusekela Ngayo Izomnotho Eziluhlaza

Usizo lwamazwe luhamba ngezindlela eziningi − ezisuka kwelinye izwe ukuya kwelinye), izinhlangano eziningi (eziningi (ezinjenge-World Bank, i-Green Climate Fund, ne-UN), kanye nangezinhlangano ezingezona ezamapulaneti). Umzila ngamunye uletha izinzuzo ezihlukene ngokwesilinganiso sesilinganiso, ubungcweti, nokuziphendulela. Usizo lungathatha uhlobo lwemali ebolekwayo, imali ebolekwayo, usizo lobuchwepheshe, noma imithombo yezobuchwepheshe. Nakanjani, ithonya kwezomnotho eziluhlaza lingahlelwa ezindaweni ezintathu ezibanzi: isakhiwo sezezimali ezihlanzekile, amandla okwakha, amandla okwakha, nokuthuthukisa izindleko ezisekela inzuzo.

Ukusebenzisa Amandla Avuselelekayo

Amandla avuseleleka kakhulu mhlawumbe indawo ebonakala kakhulu lapho usizo lwakwamanye amazwe lushintsha khona. Amazwe asathuthuka ngokuvamile anezinto eziningi eziwukukhanya kwelanga, umoya, kanye nemithombo yamanzi kodwa antula inhloko sisekelo sokuzenza. Izinhlelo zosizo ziye zaxhasa amapaki amakhulu elanga eMorocco (i-Noor Ouarzate, ngokwengxenye isekelwa yi-World Bank ne-African Development Bank), amaphandle ama-grid eBangladesh (asekelwa yi-World Bank’s IDA), kanye nezitshalo ezishisayo zase-geatmocrafic eKenya (endium iphenjelwe yi-bizabolium ye-bitalium ne-Greentean Climate). Lemisebenzi ayisekelwangaqedanga ama-pillal namalahlelo e-ocessssss qhakarn kuphela kodwa futhi inikeza nogesi ezigidi kubantu abayizigidi zesikhathi sokuqala sokuqala.

Usizo lobuchwepheshe lubalulekile ngokufanayo. Abanikazi basiza amazwe ukuba aklame izintambo zokufuya amanetha, izimiso zokulawula amamitha, kanye nezinqubo ezikhanga ukutshala imali. Ngokwesibonelo, i-United States Agency for International Development (USAID) iye yasebenza ngemishini elawulayo eNdiya nase Indonesia ukuhlanganisa amandla aguquguqukayo abuye abuye abuye abuye abuye abuye abuye abuye ashintshe, anciphise ukunciphisa nokuthuthukisa isimiso. Ngaphandle kosizo olunjalo, amazwe amaningi angahlala eboshelwe ekukhishweni, angcoliseni imizila yamandla.

Izitshalo Nezimiso Zokudla Ezithuthukayo

Izolimo ziwumshayeli omkhulu wendawo ezungezile futhi ingxenye esengozini kakhulu yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Usizo lwangaphandle lusekela ukuguqukela emikhubeni elondoloza umkhiqizo ngesikhathi kubuyiselwa impilo engokwesimo, ukulondoloza amanzi, nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamanzi. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) neWorld Bank ixhase izimali zokuthola izimali zokusebenza kwesimo sezulu esiphansi kakhulu e-Afrika ehlanganisa izitshalo ezidambisa isomiso, ukuhlaziywa kwemvula, nokusetshenziswa kwendlela engcono yokulawula amanzi eBrazil. E-Brazil, usizo oluvela eNorway luye lwasiza ekufuyhiweni kwemi ye-carbon nge-Amazon Fund, ukukhokhela abalimi ukuba bamukele izinhlelo zezolimo ezinciphisa ukukhuculwa kwezwe.

Lezi zinyathelo zivame ukuhlanganisa ama-antensimend , qhaza abalimi ukuba bangene ezimakethe zekhabhoni zokuthenga noma bathenge imali eshisiwe ukuze bakhiqize izinto ezikhiqizwayo. Usizo lusekela ukucwaninga ngezinhlobo zezitshalo eziqinile nangamathuluzi amanani ezokulungisa izitshalo, okuthuthukisa ithonya elingaphezu kakhulu kwemali yokuqala.

Izimiso Zokwakha Zemvelo Nesimo Sezulu

Amazwe amaningi asathuthuka ayizindawo ezishisayo ezinezinto zemvelo ezisekela ukuvakasha, izinhlanzi, nezindawo zokuziphilisa. Izimali zokusiza kwamanye amazwe zivikele izindawo, zivuselele i-sequester carbon kanye ne-melback eziphethukayo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Global Environment Facility (GEF), iye yasekela ukubuyiselwa kwemvelo okukhulu emazweni anjenge-Nepal nase Madagascar. Izinhlelo ze-Bitecaral zisekele imisebenzi yokulondoloza ulwandle eziqhingini zasePacific, zihlanganisa izisekelo eziqinile neziphethulelo zemvelo njenge-ral reefration.

Ukuzivumelanisa nesimo sezulu kuyinto ebalulekile. Usizo lusiza amazwe asathuthuka ukuba afake izimiso zokuxwayisa, akhe iziphetho zezikhukhula, futhi asungule amasu avumelana nesomiso.

Ukuhlola Icala: Usizo Oluvela Kumanye Amazwe Luyasebenza

Izimiso Zezindlu Zelanga EBangladesh

Uhlelo lwe-Solar Home System yaseBangladesh (SSSSS), olusekelwa yiWorld Bank nabanye abanikelayo, lwafakwa izimiso zamakhaya eziyizigidi eziyisithupha ngo-2023, lunikeza ugesi kubantu abayizigidi ezingu-20 ezindaweni zasemaphandleni ezimagebhudugebhu. Lolu hlelo lwahlanganisa isilinganiso esiphansi kakhulu ne-micrecreast, okwenza ukuba imikhaya ithenge izimiso ezithathe indawo yezibani zikaphalafini. Izinzuzo zahlanganisa ukuncishiswa komoya wasemzini, amahora afundwa athatha isikhathi eside ezingane, nemisebenzi emisha eholayo. Lo hlelo lwakha futhi iketango lwemisebenzi yendawo, lwakha izinkulungwane zemisebenzi ekufakweni nasekulondolozweni. Lomfanekiso umkhiqizo ufakwe kwamanye amazwe kuhlanganise neKenya ne-Uganda.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwenhlabathi Ezindaweni Ezishisayo EKenya

IKenya manje iyimboni enkulu kakhulu ekhipha ugesi oshiswayo e-Afrika, ikhiqiza cishe amaphesenti angu-50 kagesi wayo emithonjeni evuselelwe. Lempumelelo ibangelwa kakhulu usizo lwakwamanye amazwe eJapane, i-Iceland, ne World Bank, eyaxhasa ukuvubukulwa, imishini kagesi, nezakhiwo zokuthutha. I-Geothermal ephezulu inikeza amandla aqinile, aphansi ahambisana nemithombo ye-hyd ne-mosfection yaseKenya. Izwe lagwema ukwakha izitshalo ezintsha zamalahle, futhi izindleko zalo zamandla ziye zawa, zizuzisa imikhaya nemboni ngokufanayo. I-Olkaria izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi zinikeza amandla ahlanzekile angaphezu kuka-800.

Izimali ZaseCosta Rica Zezinkonzo Ze - Ecosystem

Costa Rica yaguqula ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ngokukhokha abanikazi bezindawo ukuze bavikele amahlathi futhi bavuselele indawo ewohlokile. Loluhlelo lokuphayona, olwasungulwa ngo1997, lwasekelwa okokuqala ngentela kaphethiloli futhi kamuva lwanezelwa ngosizo lwezizwe, kuhlanganise nelaseJalimane neWorld Bank. Imiphumela iyaphawuleka: isembozo samahlathi saphakama sisuka ku-26% ngo-1934 kuya ku-59% namuhla. ICosta Rica yakha imboni yohambo oluphambili lwezentelezi gesi futhi manje ingenisa cishe ikhulu lamakhulu amahlanu kagesi wayo emithonjeni evuselelwe. Usizo lwamazwe angaphandle lwasiza ekubhaleni phansi iminyaka yokuqala yalolu shintsho, kubonisa indlela ukusekela okungabangela ngayo ukushintsha okuthatha isikhathi eside, ukuzishintsha kobuqu.

Izinzuzo Zokusekela Izomnotho Eziluhlaza

Inzuzo yokutshala imali emongweni oluhlaza ngosizo lwakwamanye amazwe ayigcini nje ngokuvikela indawo ezungezile. Zihlanganisa:

  • Ukuwohloka kwendawo ezungezile — ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okuphansi, ukungcola kwamanzi, kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi eshisayo.
  • Indalo yemisebenzi — amandla avuselelekayo, ezolimo ezilondolozwayo, kanye nokulondolozwa kwemvelo kuqasha abantu abaningi iqoqo ngalinye lemali egciniwe kunezinto zokubasa.
  • [ ukulondeka okungalawuleki — ukuncishiswa kwe-oyile ne-havith zomnotho ezivela kwamanye amazwe ngenani le-VCR.
  • I-eye-imvini elungisa impilo yomphakathi [ — Umoya ohlanzekile namanzi ngokuncishiswa kokushiswa kwezinto zokubasa namakhemikhali.
  • Ukulingana [ — imisebenzi eluhlaza kanye namandla ahlanzekile angabiza angayifinyelela imiphakathi exeshiwe, kuhlanganise nabesifazane kanye nabantu basemaphandleni.
  • Ilulama — izisekelo zokuzivumelanisa zivikela izakhiwo, ezolimo, nokuphila esimweni sezulu esibi.

Usizo lwangaphandle lusebenza njenge-webta, ukubeka imali ngokushesha futhi lubonisa ukuphumelela. Uma imisebenzi iphumelela, iheha inhloko - dolobha yangasese, idala umjikelezo omuhle wokukhula okuluhlaza.

Izinselele Nezithiyo

Naphezu kwamandla ayo, ukusebenzisa usizo lwakwamanye amazwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe umnotho oluhlaza kubhekene nezithiyo ezinkulu.

Ukungalawuleki Kwezombangazwe Nokubusa

Emazweni amaningi abantu abawamukelayo, ukungaguquguquki kwezombangazwe, inkohlakalo, nezinhlangano ezibuthakathaka zilulaza ukuphumelela kosizo. Izimali zingase zikhishwe ngokungafanele, izakhiwo zishiywe ngemva kwemijikelezo yokhetho, noma izimiso zishintshwe. Izinhlelo zosizo ezidlula ukuba nendawo ngokuvamile ziyahluleka. Ukuzibophezela okuhlala isikhathi eside kubantu abanikelayo kanye nezinqubo eziqinile zokulandisa kudingekile.

Izigebengu Zobuchwepheshe Nezobungcweti

Amazwe asathuthuka ngokuvamile antula onjiniyela abaqeqeshiwe, abahleli, nabaqondisi abadingekayo ukuze baklame futhi basebenzise izimiso eziyinkimbinkimbi zohlaza. Usizo kumelwe luhlanganise isakhiwo esiqinile sokukwazi ukuthwala amandla(-"oplomations", izinhlelo zokulungisa, nokudluliswa kwemishini. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, imisebenzi ixhomeke ebuchwepheshini bakwamanye amazwe futhi ayisekelwanga.

Ukuchitha Umthamo Onganele Nezikweleti

Izimali zosizo zingaphansi kweziza kuqala kwezombangazwe emazweni anikelayo. Ukuncipha okusheshayo kwezimali kungamisa imisebenzi futhi kunciphe ukwethembana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imali ebolekwayo exhasa izakhiwo eziluhlaza ngokwezimali inezela ezikweletini zesizwe. Imali yemali ebolekwayo kanye nezikweletu zokukhokha (lapho isikweletu sithethelelwa khona ngokushintshana nezibopho zokulondoloza imvelo) inikeza ezinye izindlela zokukhokha.

Ukuxubana Kwamahlelo Kwangasese

Usizo lomphakathi lulodwa alukwazi ukuxhasa ushintsho oludingekayo ngesilinganiso esidingekayo. Ukutshala imali ngasese kuyadingeka, kodwa kuhlala kulinganiselwe emazweni amaningi asathuthuka ngenxa yezingozi ezibonakala zikhona. Usizo lungasiza ngokunikeza iziqinisekiso zokuqala, igebe lokusebenza, nezindawo zokulungisa izakhiwo ezenza ukukhokha imali kukwazi ukubhaliswa. Nokho, ukuhlanganisa umphakathi nenhloko - dolobha kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kudinga amathuluzi ayinkimbinkimbi angokwezimali.

Indima Yezinhlangano Nezinhlangano Eziningi

Izinhlangano ezilandelanayo njenge-Green Climate Fund (GCF), i-Global Environment Facility (GEF), kanye ne-World Bank’s Climate Investicement Fund (CIF) ziye zaba isikhungo sokuthumela usizo emikhankasweni eluhlaza. Lezizinhlangano ziqoqa imithombo evela emazweni amaningi kanye nenhloko-dolobha eyimfihlo. Zimisa futhi izindinganiso zokuvikela indawo ezungezile nezenhlalo, ziqinisekisa ukuthi izakhiwo aziyona ingozi emiphakathini esengozini ngokungaziqondisi.

Imikhumbi ebambisanayo njenge uGreen Economy Initive kanye ne-[FLT] International andpartic Energy Agency (IRENA) inikeza isiqondiso sobuchwepheshe nolwazi lokuhlanganyela. Ukubambisana kwaseNingizimu-South / indawo ehlanganyela izifundo nenye, namazwe afana neChina, iNdiya, kanye neBrazil ukunikeza usizo lwemisebenzi yamandla avuse-Afrika ne-Asia. Lomkhuba unciphisa ukuncika kweminyango yezenkolo engokwesiko futhi uthuthukisa izixazulu ezifanele zendawo.

Ukulinganisa Imiphumela Nokulandisa

Ukuqinisekisa usizo lwakwamanye amazwe ngokuphumelela ukusekela ukukhula komnotho oluhlaza, ukuhlola nokuhlola kudingekile. Abanikazi nabamukeli basebenzisa izisekelo ezilandelana kakhulu hhayi nje kuphela ukuncitshiswa kwezomnotho kodwa nemiphumela yendawo ezungezile (_matoni e-CO2, amahektare ehlathi abuyiselwe, imisebenzi edalwe, namandla anikezwayo. Ikomiti yezempumelelo yezemali (DAC)[FLT] isungule izindinganiso zokubika usizo lwesimo sezulu, ukuthuthukisa ukukhanya. Izibalo ze-ependent, njengalezo eziholwa yiqembu le World Bank lokuhlola okuzimele, zisiza ekuboneni ukuthi yini esebenzayo nengakwenzi, okwenza kusebenze, kuvumela ukufunda okuvumelana nokuvumelana nokufunda.

Iziyalezo Zesikhathi Esizayo

Uma sibheka phambili, ukuthambekela okuningana kuyothonya indima yosizo lwakwamanye amazwe kwezomnotho eziluhlaza.

Ukwenyuka Kwezimali Zesimo Sezulu

Amazwe asathuthuka aye athembisa amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu - 1,2 ngonyaka ukusekela ukuma kwesimo sezulu emazweni asathuthuka − isisulu esisalokhu singafinyelelwa. Ukuhlangabezana nalomgomo, futhi ukuwandisa ngemva kuka - 2025, kubucayi. imithombo emisha yezezimali, njengentela yezokuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi yomhlaba wonke, yezindiza, noma yezimali, inganezela usizo lwesiko.

Imali Ephakwe Ngezimali Namabhande Aluhlaza

Imali ehlanganisiwe − ukusebenzisa usizo lwemvume yokukhanga inhloko - dolobha engasese − ithole inzuzo. Izibopho eziluhlaza ezikhishwa amazwe asathuthuka, ngokusekelwa amabhange entuthuko ezinto eziningi, zisekela ngezimali izakhiwo ezinkulu ezivuselelwayo zamandla nezokuthutha okuhlanzekile. Usizo lungasekela ukulungiselelwa kwezibopho ezinjalo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwendawo ezungezile engokwezimiso.

Ukudluliselwa Kobuchwepheshe Nokusetshenziswa Kwemishini Yasendaweni

Ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko ezithatha isikhathi eside, amazwe asathuthuka kudingeka akhe amandla endlu okwakha ama-plane awemilingo e- solar, ama-turbine omoya, amabhethri, kanye nezinye iziteshi eziluhlaza. Usizo lwangaphandle lungasekela inqubo yezezimboni, ukuqeqeshwa, nesisekelo sezindawo zokusebenza ezihlanzekile. Impumelelo yeChina ekwenzeni ama-soweal effeal, aqala ngokusekela kwezizwe zonke, inikeza isibonelo.

Ukushintsha Okuhlanganisa Uhlaza

Usizo lwesikhathi esizayo lungaqinisekisa ukuthi uhlaza luzuzisa wonke umuntu, hhayi nje abantu abaphezulu. Lokhu kusho ukuklama imisebenzi enikeza imisebenzi ehloniphekile, ukuhlukahluka kwamagama, futhi ihlanganise imiphakathi yomdabu neyasendaweni ekwenzeni izinqumo. Izikhungo zomphakathi kanye nezinqubo ezizuzisayo ezisizayo zibalulekile ukuze kugwenywe ubukhomani obuluhlaza ngokuluhlaza (8) lapho amazwe acebile ekhipha khona imithombo yemali noma anciphisa ukukhishwa kwayo ngezindleko zabampofu.

Isiphetho

Usizo lwangaphandle alusona isixazululo sezemvelo nentuthuko ebhekene nembulunga yonke ngaseningizimu, kodwa luyinselele ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngokuxhasa ngezimali amandla avuselelwayo, ezolimo, nokulungisa imvelo, lusiza amazwe asathuthuka ukuba aphishekele umnotho oluhlaza ochumayo novuselelekayo. Indlela ayilula (zezimali, ezezimali, nezezobuchwepheshe, nezithiyo zobuchwepheshe ziyaqhubeka. Kodwa ukuhlola okuvela eBangladesh, eKenya, naseCosta Rica kubonisa ukuthi ngokutshala izimali ezisebenzayo, isibopho sesikhathi eside, kanye nokubambisana okuqotho, amazwe angaphandle angasiza ekuguquleni isithembiso sezomnotho okuluhlaza. Abanikeli nabazamukelayo ngokufanayo, ukukhetha kusobala: ukuxhasa isimo sekharbon, noma ukuguqula iplanethi ephakeme. Imali engcono kakhulu kunikeza usizo oluphambili.