Inselele Yokwaziswa Okuningi

Nsuku zonke, umuntu ovamile uhlangana nokwaziswa okuningi kunomkhulu nomkhulu wakhe. Izindaba, izikhungo zezokuxhumana, imiphumela ye-injini, nezindawo zokuhlola imfundo zonke zincintisana ukuze zinakwe. Kulendawo ezungezile, ikhono lokuhlola imithombo yokwaziswa aliseyona into engcono kakhulu kubafundi, othisha, nochwepheshe. Ngaphandle kwendlela ehleliwe, ngisho nabafundi abazimisele kahle bangawela ekucushweni kwemininingwane ekhohlisayo, ukucwaninga okuphelelwe isikhathi, noma amanga aqondile.

Le siqondiso sinikeza iziqondiso ezicacile zokuhlola ukuthi imithombo yokwaziswa ithembekile yini. Sinweba imiqondo eyisisekelo futhi siveze amathuluzi awusizo angasetshenziswa emakilasini, emitatsheni yezincwadi, noma ekucwaningeni komuntu siqu. Ngokuzifaka lezi zindlela, uyokwazi ukuqondisa izinombolo ngethemba nangokunembe.

Ukuqonda Imithombo Yokwaziswa Ewumthombo Wezinto Eziwujuqu

Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwemithombo ngayinye, kuyasiza ukuqonda indlela ukwaziswa okuhlelwa ngayo.

Imithombo eyinhloko

Imithombo eyisisekelo inikeza ubufakazi obuqondile, obungangenisiwe kusukela esikhathini noma isenzakalo esikhona. Ziyizinto zokucwaninga ezingaziwa. Izibonelo zihlanganisa izihloko zokucwaninga zakuqala, imibhalo engokomlando, amadiary, izingxoxo, izinkulumo, izithombe, nokwaziswa okungacaciwe. Kubafundi, umthombo oyinhloko kungaba ukuhlolwa kwesayensi okukhishwa ephephandabeni elibukelwe kabusha noma incwadi ebhalwe ngomlando. Amandla ayinhloko emithombo eyinhloko yi-immediadiary yawo. Nokho, awazange ahlungwe ngencazelo. Nokho, adinga umongongongo ocophelelayo, njengoba umthombo owodwa oyinhloko ungacwaba noma ungenamkhawulo.

Indikima ezithandekayo

Imithombo yamuva ihlaziya, ichaza, noma ifingqa imithombo eyinhloko. Izincwadi, ukubukeza izincwadi, amarekhodi, nezihloko eziningi zezindaba zingeyokuqala. Zinezela inani ngokufaka imithombo eminingi eyinhloko nangokuyibeka emongweni obanzi. Ukwethenjwa komthombo wesibili kuxhomeke kakhulu emakhonweni omlobi okumelela ngokunembile ukwaziswa okuyinhloko. Umthombo wesibili ophendulwe kahle ungalondoloza isikhathi, kodwa obhalwe kabi ungaguqula ubufakazi bokuqala.

Imithombo Engenawo Amandla

Imithombo e-tertitary ihlanganisa futhi ifingce ukwaziswa okuvela emithonjeni eyinhloko neyindala. I-Encyclopedia, ama-almanac, izincwadi zezincwadi, nezihloko eziningi ze-Wikipedia ziwela kulengxenye. Ziwusizo ekutholeni ukucubungula noma ukuthola amagama agqamile okucwaninga okwengeziwe. Nokho, imithombo eyimfihlo ayivamile ukunikeza ukujula okudingekayo emsebenzini wemfundo enzima. Kufanele ibonwe njengesiqalo samaphuzu, hhayi iziphathimandla zokugcina.

Ukuqonda lezi zigaba kukusiza ukuba unqume ukuthi yiliphi izinga lomthombo elifanele izidingo zakho. Umfundi wasesikoleni esiphakeme obhala umbiko ngenguquko yesimo sezulu angaqala ngomthombo we-encyclopedia enedumela elihle, abese edlulela emithonjeni yemuva evela ezinhlanganweni zesayensi, futhi ekugcineni ahlole ukucwaninga okuyinhloko komagazini abanjengaye UNATI noma SC]SCIEnce[].

Izinqumo Zokuhlukanisa Umthombo

Uma unomthombo ophathekayo, funa kube yiwebhusayithi, incwadi, i-podcast, noma i-YouTube video() sebenzisa lezi zinqubo ezinhlanu ngokuhlelekile. Ziyisisekelo sokuhlolwa kwe-CRAAP kodwa zifanelwe ukuhlolwa ngokwazo.

Umbhali

Njalo buza: Ubani owabhala lokhu? Ziyini izimfanelo zabo? Umlobi one-ph.D. ekuhlolweni kwe-astrophysics unesisindo esikhulu ngesihloko sokuhlola umkhathi kunomuntu ongaziwa. Bheka ama-computers system, izincwadi ezidlule, nobuchwepheshe obuqashelwe emkhakheni. Imithombo ye webhu, hlola i- “Ngenxa” ne-proxy. Uma kungekho mbhali odwetshiwe, athole umthombo ngokungaqiniseki. Kwezinye izimo, inhlangano enjenge-World Health Organization noma i-America Historical Association, kodwa kumelwe uhlole ukuthembeka kwenhlangano ngendlela efanayo.

Usuku lokusakaza

Kunyakazo olusheshayo njengezobuchwepheshe, ezokwelapha, nezenzakalo zamuva, isikhathi sibalulekile. Ukuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe bebhethri kusukela ngo- 2015 kungenzeka ukuthi ayisasebenzi namuhla. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlaziywa komlando koMbuso waseRoma kungaba wusizo uma uveza ulwazi lwamanje. Ngaso sonke isikhathi hlola incwadi noma usuku oludlule. Kuzo, funa isaziso somgunyathi noma “isiteshi sokugcina esibukeziwe”. Uma kungekho nyaka, ungaqapha.

Umshicileli Noma Ipulani Yezimbali

Inhlangano esakaza imithombo yezindaba. Omagazini ababukelwe kabusha, imishini yaseyunivesithi, nezinhlangano zemithombo yezindaba (umz., BBC, Reuters, The Associated Press) inezindinganiso zomhleli ezinciphisa amaphutha. Uhulumeni (.gov) nemfundo (.edu) ngokuvamile zithembeke kakhulu kunezentengiselwano (.com) noma amakhasi omuntu siqu. Nokho, akuwona wonke amakhasi olwazi .

Ukungaqondi

Umthombo ngamunye unombono oqondile. Indaba iwukuthi ingabe lowombono uvumelanisa ukunemba. Imithombo enenjongo inikeza ubufakazi obuqondile futhi ivuma imibono ehlukile. Imithombo egcwele ingangakhipha amaqiniso agcwele ngokomzwelo, isebenzise ulimi olunemizwa efingqiwe, noma i-cherry-coption ukusekela isiphetho esimisiwe. Ukubona ubandlululo, ukubuza: Iyini injongo yomthombo? Ingabe ukunikeza ukwaziswa, ukukholisa, ukusekela, noma ukudayisa? Izihloko zezindaba, zibheke ukuhlukana okusobala phakathi kweqiniso nombono. Izihloko zombono noma izihloko, ziqaphele njengempikiswano kunokuba zithathe uhlangothi. Umkhuba omuhle ukufuna imithombo eveza ngokucacile imibono yayo futhi iphakazele imibono yayo ngokuphikisana.

Ubufakazi Nokubona Ingaphandle

Umthombo othembekile usekela lokho okushiwoyo nobufakazi obuqinisekisiwe. Bheka umbiko, umbhalo waphansi, ukuxhumana nokwaziswa kwasekuqaleni, noma izikhombo ezikhonjiwe. Uma umthombo ukhanya kakhulu ngezindlela nangemithombo yawo, kulula ukuqinisekisa. Uma i-boblog yenza ukuqamba okuqinile kodwa inganikezi zimpawu, ibheke i-website njengengaphikiswanga. Ngokufanayo, uma ikhomba amanye amakhasi ayo kuphela (indlela evaliwe), ayinakho ukuqinisekiswa. Imithombo engathiwayo ivame ukuhlobana nokucwaninga okuyinhloko, imibiko kahulumeni, noma izingxoxo zabacwaningi.

Ukusebenzisa Uvivinyo Lwe - RAP Ngokujula

ICRAAP Uvavanyo lwasungulwa ngabaqondisi bezincwadi eCalifornia State University, Chico ( IMariam Library) futhi luhlala lungenye yamathuluzi okuhlola awusizo kakhulu. Uhlamvu ngalunye lumelela ukukholeka. Ngezansi kuchazwa okukhulisiwe ngezibonelo ezikhonkcwe.

Imali

Imali ibhekisela ekuhlelekeni kokwaziswa. Kunini lapho kwasakazwa khona noma kwagcina ukushintshwa? Ingabe isihloko siye sashintshwa kakhulu kusukela ngaleso sikhathi? Ngokwesibonelo, emikhakheni efana nokuhlakanipha kokwenziwa, ukuthuthuka kwemilaliso, noma isayensi yesimo sezulu, ukwaziswa kwamuva kubalulekile. Ngokuphambene, ukucusumbula kolwazi lwezincwadi noma imisebenzi yesisekelo sefilosofi yesisekelo sesisekelo kungagcina inani lamashumi eminyaka. Hlola izinsuku eziningi: umthombo ungadweba unyaka welungelo lokubhala ngo-2023 kodwa ube nombhalo obhekiselwe ezifundweni kusukela ngo-1990/16. Lokhu kungamukeleka uma isayensi yakudala ihlala ikhona ingekho i-intanethi ekhophiwebhrijini engathi ayilungiswanga kusukela ngo-20202020, iphelelwe isikhathi esiyingozi.

Phinda uvale

Relevance ubuza ukuthi umthombo ukhuluma ngokuqondile yini nombuzo wakho wokucwaninga noma isidingo. Umthombo onegunya kakhulu we-bitcany awusebenzi uma ubhala ngobunjiniyela be-echowerspace. Ukususa inhloso yomthombo, izilaleli ezifunwayo, nokujula. Iphepha lasekholiji, isihloko sephepha elibukelwe ontanga ngokuvamile sibaluleke kakhulu kune-Wakipeafish. I-posi le-boblog ehloselwe izilaleli ezivamile, umagazini wesayensi othandwayo ungabe uphelele. Ungayengwa umthombo odumile othinta isihloko sakho sodwa kuphela, futhi ugcina ingxoxo yakho igxile.

Igunya

Igunya lihlanganisa ukuthembeka kombhali, ummemezeli, neqophelo. Ngubani umlobi, futhi yini ewenza abe yingcweti?

Ukunemba

Ukuqondana kuphathelene neqiniso nokulunga kokwaziswa. Ingabe umthombo usekela lokho okukushoyo ngobufakazi? Ungawaqinisekisa yini amaqiniso akhona usebenzisa eminye imithombo ezimele? Bheka ukwaziswa, imicaphulo, nokubukeza kontanga. Kulokhu okuqukethwe yiwebhu, hlola ama-metayela aphukileyo //imilliplecle ama-iphani ahlukene angabonisa ukucwaninga nge-sloppy. Futhi, qaphela amaphutha ohlelo no-typos, okungabonisa ukuntula komhleli. Qhathanisa umthombo nemithombo ethembekile esihlokweni esifanayo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma iwebhuthi ithi uMhlaba uyisicandene, uphazanyisiwe nge-NASASA noma incwadi yezincwadi. Ukuqonda kubaluleke kakhulu; umthombo ungabonisa ukungaqondiseki, okubalulekile, okungagunyaziwe, kodwa okunegunya.

Injongo

Injongo iveza injongo engemva komthombo. Kungani kwadalwa? Izinjongo ezivamile zihlanganisa: ukunikeza ulwazi, ukunxenxa, ukujabulisa, ukudayisa umkhiqizo, ukusunduza uhlelo, noma ukunikeza i-parody. Umthombo ohloselwe ukunikeza ulwazi ungaba nolwazi olulinganiselwe. Umthombo oklanyelwe ukukholisa noma ukudayisa ungathola amaqiniso akhona ngokukhethayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ingosi yenkampani ephathelene nezithasiselo zokudla ishosho ngokukhetha okungathandekiyo, ukudayisa amaphilisi. Iphepha lemfundo ngokuphathelene nawo libhalwe ukunikeza ulwazi futhi libukeza ontanga. Zibuze: Umthombo ozama ukungifundisa okuthile ngokukhethayo, noma uzama ukungenza ngicabange ngendlela ethile? Uyazi injongo yakho ukukusiza ukuba uthembe.

Ukwahlukanisa Amaphutha, Ukungaqondi, NeMalinformation

Ngokuvamile la magama amathathu adida kodwa achaza izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinto eziyinkinga.

Amanga

I-Misformation ingamanga noma inganembile ukwaziswa okuhlanganyelwayo ngaphandle kwenhloso embi. Umuntu angase ngephutha afake isibikezelo esidala sesimo sezulu njengesesinamuhla, noma asho ukuthi sinephutha. Umhlanganyeli ukholelwa ukuthi kuyiqiniso. Ukulwa nokwaziswa okunganembile kudinga imfundo nokungabheka iqiniso kunokusola. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi nezinhlekelele zemvelo, ukudukiswa okunganembile ngezikhungo noma imizamo yokusiza ngokuvamile kusakazeka ngenxa yokuthi abantu abanenjongo engcono bayahlanganyela incazelo engaqiniseki.

Amazwana

Ukungavumelani kuyizinto ezingamanga ngamabomu noma ezidukisayo ezenziwe futhi zihlanganyelwe ngenjongo yokukhohlisa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amawebhusayithi ezindaba okukhohlisa, izindaba eziqanjiwe, izithombe ezisetshenziswayo, kanye nama-intshi. I-diffinformation ivame ukuhlotshiswa ngabadlali bakahulumeni, imikhankaso yezombangazwe, noma amaqembu amabi ukuhlwaya ukudideka, ukululaza ukwethembana, noma umbono owethonyayo. Isibonelo esivelele yinkolelo yozungu, eyaholela ebudloveni bangempela bezwe. I-disoplution idinga amasampula, njengokubika amapulatifomu, ukuqeqeshwa kwezokuhlola ulwazi, nokugxeka.

IMalinformation

I-Malinfory isekelwe eqinisweni kodwa isetshenziselwa ukulimaza. Ihlanganisa ukucaphuna okungakhonziwe, amabhukwana angasese avuzayo, noma amavidiyo ahlelwe ngokukhetha. Nakuba amaqiniso ayisisekelo engenzeka ayiqiniso, umkhankaso uyiguqula ukuba ilimaza umuntu noma inhlangano. Ngokwesibonelo, ukukhipha ama-imeyili eyimfihlo engosopolitiko ngaphandle kokuchaza idumela lawo. IMalinformation isebenzisa ukuthembeka kweqiniso ukuze ifeze imigomo emibi.

Ukuze uzivikele, sebenzisa ukucabanga okugxekayo kuzo zonke izinkulumo ezimangalisayo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezivusa imizwelo enamandla. Sebenzisa iqiniso-ehekelwe kahle izingosi ezinjenge Snopes noma FactC.org[. Uma ungabaza, funa imvelaphi yalokho okushiwoyo futhi ubheke i-spect ekabili, imithombo emisiwe.

Ukwakha Amakhono Okufunda Ngezinombolo

Ukwazi ukufunda nokubhala kuhlanganisa ukukwazi ukusebenzisa i-computer. Kuhlanganisa ikhono lokuthola, ukuhlola, ukudala, nokuxhumana kokwaziswa ngobuchwepheshe bobuchwepheshe be-octal. Uma kucatshangelwa imithombo, amakhono amathathu abaluleke kakhulu.

Ukucabanga Okubucayi

Isisekelo sokucabanga okugxekayo. Kusho ukwamukela ukwaziswa okungaqiniseki kodwa ukungabaza umsuka wako, ubufakazi, nokuhlakanipha. Khuthaza abafundi ukuba babuze ukuthi “Kungani kufanele ngikukholelwe lokhu?” nesithi“ Yibuphi ubufakazi obukhona bokukusekela noma ukukuphikisa?” Bafundise ukuqaphela amaphutha anengqondo, ukuhlunga ngokomzwelo, kanye nokusekela ukuvumelana jwayezeka kokwaziswa okuqinisekisa izinkolelo ezikhona. Kumelwe basebenzise indlela: ukunikeza abafundi isihloko sezindaba futhi bacele ukuba babhale zonke izikhangiso bese beqinisekisa ngamunye osebenzisa imithombo enegunya.

Amakhono Okucwaninga

Ukucwaninga okuphumelelayo kudinga ukwazi ukuthi bangabhekaphi. Fundisa abafundi ukuba basebenzise idata-mtapo yezincwadi, funa izinjini ngokuphumelelayo (usebenzisa abasebenzisi be-Boolean, izisefo ezithuthukisiwe zokusesha, kanye nokuhlola kwe-web site-sethi okungaqondakaliyo ), nokuthola omagazini ababukelwe kabusha. Kufanele bafunde umehluko phakathi kwemiphumela yokufuna i-web nokwaziswa kwezemfundo. Amakhono awusizo ahlanganisa ukwenza uhlelo lokuhlola, ukulandelela, ukulandelela, nokuhlela amathuluzi asetshenziswa njenge-Zotero noma i-Mendeleley.

Ulwazi lwemidiya

Izincwadi zezokuxhumana zihlanganisa ukuqonda indlela imilayezo yezindaba eyakhiwe ngayo nendlela ethonya ngayo izibukeli. Abafundi kufanele bahlaziye umongo womkhiqizo: Ubani owemithombo yezindaba? Iyiphi indlela yayo yokuhlela? Injani i-medium (video, umbhalo, imithombo yezokuxhumana) ilawula lomyalezo? Ngokwesibonelo, ividiyo emfushane yeTik Tok ayinakunikeza ukujula okufanayo nophendlo olude, kodwa ingaba inembile uma isho imithombo. Imithombo yezokubhala ihlanganisa futhi nokuqonda izinombolo ze-alphalithi (jek,) nendlela imishini yokuhlola nokusakaza imithombo yezokuxhumana okunikeza inzuzo, ingenza ngayo amagemfazekethe. Ikhuthaza abafundi ukuba banikeze ukudla okungena emithonjeni futhi bafune imithombo abangayitholi ngokwemvelo.

Imisebenzi Ewusizo Efundiswa Ekilasini Ukuze Kuhlolwe Umthombo

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlela amakhono okuhlola ingeyokuprakthiza ngezandla. Nansi imisebenzi esebenzela isikole esiphezulu ngamazinga asekolishi.

Inselele Yokuhlola I - CRAAP

Nikeza abafundi abanezi mithombo ezinhlanu ehlukene ngesihloko esifanayo, ngokwesibonelo, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Imithombo ingahlanganisa i-bodis, isihloko se-Wikipedia, iphepha lesayensi, ikhasi likahulumeni, nendawo efana ne-Onion. Ukuba abafundi basebenzise i-CRAAP futhi babhale ukuthi i-CRAAP ngokuqiniseka. Xoxani ukuthi kungani eminye imithombo ihluleka ngezimiso eziningi (umz., i-panethinamethis iyahluleka ukuphumelela “Purrece” uma ithathwa ngokoqobo). Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukuqashelwa kwemijelo ebomvu.

Ukuhlasela Iqiniso Elinemiqondo Emihle

Cela abafundi ukuba bathole indaba eveza ukuthambekela kweze-webhusayithi zezokuxhumana futhi bayiqinisekise ngokusebenzisa izingosi ezihlola amaqiniso nemithombo yokuqala. Bacele ukuba babhale uchungechunge lobufakazi: lapho kwavela khona lokho abakushoyo, ukuthi kwashintshwa khona, nokuthi iqiniso labonakala liyini. Lokhu kufundisa abafundi ukuba banyukele emthonjeni wokuqala, ikhono elibalulekile lokulahla amanga.

Ukuqhathanisa okungasohlangothini-olunye

Ifuna abafundi bathole imithombo emibili ephikisanayo manje edaleneyo kulendaba efanayo, ngokwesibonelo, ukunqanda izibhamu noma imijovo. Kufanele bahlaziye imithombo ngayinye besebenzisa iziqondiso (umbhali, ubandlululo, ubufakazi, injongo) futhi babhale indaba emfushane esekelwe kuyo ukuthi ithembeke kangakanani nokuthi kungani. Lokhu kwakha ukuhlaziya okugxekayo futhi kufundisa ukuthi izinhlangothi zombili zingaba namandla nobuthakathaka.

Umthombo wesichasiselo

Ukuze kwenziwe ucwaningo, kudingeka abafundi bafake i - bibliography ebhalwe ngobuciko lapho isigaba ngasinye sihlanganisa khona isigaba esifushane esithethelela ukuthembeka komthombo. Lokhu kubaphoqelela ukuba bacabangele ngokucacile indinganiso ngayinye. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lo mkhuba uzenzakalela.

Yenza Izinga Lakho

Njengendlela yokuzivivinya ethuthukisiwe, cela abafundi ukuba baqambe ucezu oluncane lwemibhalo enganembile (umz., “umtapo wezincwadi wasendaweni ukuze uthathe izibhebhe”) futhi baklame indawo ebonakala ithembekile noma i-metavior ebangela ukuba ibonakale ithembekile. Khona - ke ikilasi lizame ukuhlola iqiniso. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi kulula kangakanani ukwakha okuqukethe ukudukisa nokuthi kubaluleke kangakanani. Kufundisa nombono: ukubona ubuciko osohlangothini lomkhohlisi kwenza abafundi bamelane kakhulu nenkohliso.

Isiphetho: Ukuhlola Umkhuba

Ukukhipha imithombo yolwazi akusona isifundo esisodwa esithatha isikhathi; kuwumkhuba okumelwe usetshenziselwe nsuku zonke. Amathuluzi nezimiso okuxoxwa ngazo `i-CRAAP', ubandlululo, ukuhlolwa kobufakazi, nokuhlukanisa ulwazi olungeyikho ku-proformation", unikeza indlela ehlelekile. Kodwa akukho lungathatha indawo yengqondo efuna ukwazi. Ikhono elibaluleke kakhulu ukuhlale ungabaza ngaphandle kokungakholelwa. Akuyona yonke imithombo enephutha; akuyona yonke imithombo enegunya. Umgomo yiyo ukusebenzisa i-tatulate: sebenzisa imithombo eminingi ephezulu yenani eliphezulu, cabangela imibono yakho, futhi udwebe neziphetho zakho ezinengqondo.

Ezweni lapho imithetho-algorithi isinikeza lokho esifuna ukukuzwa, futhi lapho abadlali ababi bezama ukukhohlisa ngamabomu, ikhono lokuhlola imithombo liyisenzo sokuhlakanipha. Zihlobise wena nabafundi bakho ngalezi zindlela, futhi ngeke uthole ukwaziswa okungcono kuphela futhi uzoba neqhaza ejikeni lomphakathi onolwazi ngokwengeziwe.

Ukuze ufunde ngokwengeziwe, hlola imithombo ye-News Project [[FLT: 1], enikeza othisha izifundo zamahhala, noma AL’A iziqondiso zokuhlola[. qhubekani nibuza, nilokhu niqinisekisa, futhi nifunda. Inkathi yonyaka ivuza labo abakwazi ukwahlukanisa uphawu emsindweni.