Ukulungiselela ukuphenya ekuqulweni kwecala lokuphatha kungenye yezinyathelo ezibucayi kakhulu ongazithatha ukuze uvikele amalungelo akho futhi unikeze icala eliphoqelelayo. Ngokungafani nokuqulwa kwecala elivamile, ukuqulwa kwamacala eziphathimandla kulandela imithetho ethile kodwa kuhilela isikhulu esilalelayo kunokuba sibe ijaji. Lezi zigxobo zingaba ziphezulu, zihlanganise izindaba ezinjengokulungisa, ukuqondisa, ukunquma, ukuvuma, nokujezisa. Ukulungisa okufanele akukusizi nje kuphela ukusabela ngokunembile ngaphansi kokucindezelwa kodwa futhi futhi kubonise isikhulu esizwayo ukuthi uyathembeka, sihleliwe, futhi siyayihlonipha inqubo. Lesi sihloko sinikeza inqubo ephelele, inyathelo ngenkani lokulungiselela ukuhlola isiphambano, kuhlanganise namasu okuhlela ukuphatha, ukuphatha ngezenzo zobudlova, nokugcina ukuphatha kwakho konke ukuzwa.

Ukuqonda Indima Yokwahlukana Kwesiphambano Ezindlebeni Zokuphathwa

Ukuhlola isiphambano kuyithuba elingokomthetho lokuba umphikisi (noma ummeli) akubuze ngemva kobufakazi bakho obuqondile. Injongo yaso eyinhloko ukuvivinya ukuthembeka kwamazwi akho, ukwembula ukungavumelani, futhi uphikise ubufakazi obunikeziwe. Ekuqulweni kwezikhulu, ukuphenya kuvame ukucindezelwa kakhulu kunasekuqulweni kwecala lomphakathi noma lobugebengu ngoba isikhulu esizwayo siyakwazi ukulinganisela imingcele yokubuza izindaba ezihlobene nobufakazi nokuvikela ofakazi ekuhlukunyezweni noma ekuhlazisweni okungadingekile. Ukuqonda lomehluko kukusiza ukuba ulungiselele inqubo eqinile kodwa elungile.

Injongo Nemigomo

Umgomo oweqisayo wokuhlola ukunciphisa ukuthembeka kobufakazi bakho. Iseluleko esiphikisayo sizozama ukubonisa ukuthi ukukhumbula kwakho kuyiphutha, izitatimende zakho ziphikisana namarekhodi angaphambili, noma iziphetho zakho azisekelwe ubufakazi. Bangase bazame futhi ukuveza ukuvuma okululaza icala lakho noma okusiza ikhasimende lakho. Umgomo wakho lapho uhlola akukona “win” into efanele kodwa ukuhlala uqinile, uqinisile, futhi ucacile. Ufakazi obonakala egwema noma ephikisa ngokuvamile ulahlekelwa ukuthembeka kunomuntu ovuma amaphuzu amancane uma eme ngokuqinile emaqini ayisisekelo.

Umehluko Obangelwa Ukuhlukana Kwesiphambano Senkantolo

Izikhulu zezikhulu zezikhulu zisebenza ngaphansi kwemithetho epholile yobufakazi obuqhathaniswa nokuqulwa kwecala. Izikhulu ezizwayo zivame ukuvuma imibhalo engekho emacaleni, njengehemuhemu uma zinobufakazi obanele bokuthembeka. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-amineminerta elawulayo ingakunikeza izincwadi ongakaze uzibone, noma ngezinkulumo ezivela kumaqembu amathathu angenalwazi oluqondile. Ukucabanga lolu chungechunge olubanzi lwezinselele ezisobala kubalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzwa okuningi kwezikhulu kuyakuvumela ukuba ube nommeli, futhi uma uzimele (prope), isikhulu esizwa singase sikunike ezinye izinkulumo ezisabelayo ekuphenduleni imibuzo. Noma kunjalo, izimiso eziyisisekelo zokulungiselela ufakazi zihlala zikhona.

Izimiso Eziyinhloko Zokulungiselela Ufakazi

Ukulungiselela okuphumelelayo kusekelwe ezimisweni ezintathu eziyisisekelo: wazi umlando wakho, ulindele ukuhlaselwa, futhi uhlakulele indlela yokusabela.

Yazi Irekhodi Lakho

Umlando wakho uhlanganisa wonke umbhalo, i-imeyili, umbiko, amazwi angaphambili, noma ingxenye yobufakazi obuyingxenye yecala lokuphatha. Kumelwe uyibukeze kahle lendaba ngaphambi kokuzwa. Ngisho noma ukholelwa ukuthi ujwayelene namaqiniso, ukuthatha umbhalo futhi ugxile ebuthakani obungaba balulekile. Bheka ukungavumelani phakathi kwemibhalo yakho ekhumbulayo nelotshiwe, izinsuku ezingase zichazwe ngendlela elimazayo. Lungisa ukufingqa imibhalo eyisihluthulelo nezinombolo zayo zamakhasi ukuze ubhekisele ngokushesha uma uphenyeza.

Ukulindela Izimpawu Zokuhlaselwa

Ukuhlola kombangi okumelene nalokhu cishe kuyogxila ezingxenyeni ezibuthakathaka kakhulu zobufakazi bakho. Ukuzilindelela lokhu kuhlasela, uzibeke ezicathulweni zomhloli. Yimaphi amaqiniso obungawabekela inselele? Ikuphi izikhala noma ukuphikisana? Imigqa evamile yokuhlasela ihlanganisa: izinkulumo ezingaqondakali (ebhalwe phansi noma ngomlomo), ukuntula ulwazi lwangaphambili, ukungaboni indlela ethile, ukuhluleka ukuhlanganisa imininingwane ebalulekile emibhalweni yangaphambili, nokuthembela emithonjeni engathembekile. Bhala phansi imibuzo eyishumi enzima kakhulu ongacabanga futhi ulungiselele izimpendulo ezicacile, eziyiqiniso. Khona - ngomunye umuntu, cishe ube nothile okwaziyo ukuzwa noma ojwayelenemibuzo ejwayelekile.

Hlakulela Isu Lokuziphindiselela

Isu lakho lokusabela kufanele liqondise indlela osingatha ngayo izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zemibuzo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ubuzwa umbuzo oxubile (umz., “Uyibonile incwadi bese uyibiza ngokuthi i-ace, ilungile?”, unelungelo lokubuza incazelo noma ukuphendula ingxenye ngayinye ngokwahlukana. Uma ubuzwa umbuzo oveza iqiniso elingekho bufakazi, ungasho ngesizotha ukuthi,“ Lokho kuthatha okuthile engingavumelani ngakho. Ungakwazi ukusho umbuzo?” Akudingeki ukuba uphendule ngokudukisa noma udidekisa ngaphandle kokucacisa. Ukuba nenkulumo embalwa ehloniphekile elungiselelwe lezi zimo kuyokwenza uhlale uzolile futhi ulawule.

Inqubo yokulungiselela ngokulandelana

Indlela ehlelekile yokulungiselela inciphisa ukukhathazeka futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza. Landela lezi zinyathelo ezine ukuze wakhe isisekelo esiqinile sokuhlola kwakho.

Isinyathelo 1: Bukeza ifayela Lonke Icala

Thola ikhophi ephelele yerekhodi lokuphatha, kuhlanganise yonke imiboniso, iminyaka, ngaphambi kokuba uzwe amarekhodi (uma ekhona) kanye nokubhalelana phakathi kwamaqembu. Funda ngokucophelela idokhumende ngalinye, ubhale izingcaphuno ezivumelana ngokuqondile nobufakazi bakho. Yenza umngcele wezenzakalo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi inkumbulo yakho ihambisana nobufakazi obubhaliwe. Uma uthola ukungavumelani, phawula futhi unqume ukuthi uzozichaza kanjani. Ngokwesibonelo, uma usuku lwe-imeyili luhlukile enkumbulweni yakho, ungadinga ukuthi, “Angilukhumbuli usuku oluqondile, kodwa i-imeyili ikhuluma ngokwayo.” Gwema ukuqiniseka uma ungaqiniseki ngokuthi awuqiniseki ngokungaqiniseki.

Isinyathelo Sesibili: Yenza Ubufakazi

Uhlelo lofakazi luyikhasi elilodwa noma amabili amaphuzu ayinhloko ofuna ukuwadlulisela phakathi nokuhlola okuqondile kanye nezikhundla zokuzivikela ozozithatha phakathi nesiphambano. Kufanele kuhlanganise: amaqiniso akho anamandla nobufakazi, ulindele izimpikiswano ezingezinhle kanye nezimpendulo zakho, nohlu lwezincwadi ongase uphendulwe ngazo. ungabhali igama-lombhalo; umbhalo ukwenza ube nomolidi onamandla futhi ungakusheshi ukubheka uma ubuzwa umbuzo ophambukayo kuyo. Kunalokho, hlela imicabango yakho ngesihloko futhi wenze imiqondo eyinhloko enkumbulweni.

Isinyathelo 3: Yenza Izindawo Ezingcole Ezikhona

Qondisa indawo yezindlebe ngokuhlola okuphambana. Cela umngane wakho noma ummeli ukuba asebenzise indima yeseluleko esiphikisayo. Zisebenzise izincwadi ezingokoqobo zecala lakho, zibuze imibuzo ngendlela eqinile kodwa enenhlonipho, futhi uhlanganise amasu enkantolo anjengemibuzo eholayo nemibuzo esheshayo. Qonda isimiso (ngemvume) bese usibukeza ukuze ubone ukuthi ukusabela kwakho kubuthakathaka kuphi noma kulapho wakhubazeka khona. Uphinde uhlenga ngandlela-nye, isikhathi ngasinye ucwethengisisa izimpendulo zakho nokulungiswa kwakho. Ukuzilolonga ngokwengeziwe, ukusabela kwakho okungokwemvelo kuyoba yikho.

Isinyathelo 4: Lungiselela Ukuphatha Idokhumende

Phakathi nokuhlola okuxhunyaniswayo, ungase ucelwe ukuba ubone futhi uchaze imibukiso. Inze inqubo yokuphatha amabhukwana engosini yofakazi: ungabambi idokhumende uma ungakhulumi ngaphandle kokuba ubhekisele kulo; uma uboniswe idokhumende, zithathe umzuzwana ulifunde ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuphendula; futhi uma leli dokhumende liqukethe ukwaziswa ongakubhalanga noma ongakwamukelanga, sho kanjalo. Ngokwesibonelo, “Ngibona isigqebhezana sami phansi, kodwa angikhumbuli ukubhala amanothi engxenyeni yephepha.” Ukuphatha kwedokhumende kuyikhono elinganakwa ofakazi abaningi, kodwa kungaba umthombo wokuvuma okulimazayo uma ngenziwangalungile.

Izindlela Zokonga Isiphambano Ezivamile Nendlela Yokusabela

Abasebenzisa i-apimine asebenzayo basebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokulawula ubufakazi futhi bathole izimpendulo ezivumayo. Ukwazi lezi zinqubo kusengaphambili kukwenza ukwazi ukuziqaphela futhi usabele ngendlela efanele ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa.

Imibuzo Eyinhloko

Imibuzo eholayo iwukuphendula ngokuqondile: “Yebo” noma“Awukephuzi emhlanganweni, awukho?”) yithuluzi elivame kakhulu ekuhloleni isiphambano. Emebeni, imibuzo eholayo ivunyelwe ukuphambaniswa. Impendulo elungile ingukuthi:“Yebo” noma“Cha,” noma uma umbuzo uqukethe umbono ongawuvumanga, chaza kafushane. Njengesibonelo, “Usuhambile, uqinisile?”

Ukunikezwa Amazwi Ashintshayo Ngaphambili

Umhloli angase abhekane nawe namazwi owawasho ngaphambili ."ekutheni , e-imeyili, noma e-meeni" ephikisana nobufakazi bakho bamanje. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, hlala uzolile. Ungaphikisani nencwadi. Uma leyo ncazelo iguquguquka ngempela, vuma ukuguquguquka futhi uchaze ukuthi kungani (umz., “ngalesosikhathi ngangingakawabukezi wonke amarekhodi; manje nginomfanekiso ogcwele.” Uma le ncazelo ingaphikisani ngempela, ikhomba umehluko: “Incwadi ngithi ngithe X, kodwa namuhla ngithi u-Y, kodwa u-Y ngithi u-X, futhi u-Y ukholelwa ukuthi kungani u-X... u-aright; isikhulu esilalela sizakuhlola i-sss.

Isidingo esithi “Yebo Noma Cha”

Umhloli angase afune ukuba uphendule kuphela ngokuthi “yebo” noma“cha,” ikakhulukazi uma befuna ukulinganisela incazelo yakho. Ezindabeni eziningi zezikhulu, unelungelo lokuchaza impendulo yakho, kodwa kufanele uqale uphendule umbuzo ngokuqondile. Ngokwesibonelo: “UKhomishane, impendulo ingucha, kodwa ngithanda ukunezela ukuthi... isikhulu esizwayo sizakuvumela incazelo emfushane. Uma isikhulu sikuyala ukuba umane uphendule, wenze futhi ucele imvume yokuchaza kamuva. Ungayenqabi ukuphendula; ukwehluleka ukuphendula kungathathwa njengokuvuma.

Umbuzo Osheshayo

Abanye abahloli basebenzisa uchungechunge lwemibuzo ephindwayo ukuze bakudide noma bakuphoqelele ukuba ungene ezimpendulweni ezinganaki. Yimelani lokhu ngokuthatha isikhashana ngemva kombuzo ngamunye ngaphambi kokuba uphendule. Uma udinga isikhashana, buza, “Ungawuphinda umbuzo?” noma “Ungaqiniseki ukuthi ngikuqonda. Ungasheshi ukuphendula kwakho. Unelungelo lokukhuluma ngokucacile nangenhloso. Isikhulu esizwayo ngeke sikujezise ngokuthatha isikhathi esinengqondo sokucabanga.

Ukuthula Nokumanyana

Umhloli angase ahlale ethule ngemva kokuba uphendule, ethemba ukuthi uzozizwa uphoqelekile ukuba ugcwalise igebezo ngokwaziswa okwengeziwe. Ungawinwa yilokhu. Lindela buthule umbuzo olandelayo. Uma umhloli ekugqolozela, umane ubheke isikhulu sezindlebe noma ubheke ngaphandle kokuthatha iso.

Ukulondoloza Imali Yokusekela, Ukuphumelela, Nobuchwepheshe

Ngisho nobufakazi obulungiselelwe kahle kakhulu bungashaqeka. Ukuhlala uqanjiwe ngokuyinhloko kuyindaba yokuzinza nokuzijwayeza. Izingxenye ezilandelayo zikhuluma ngezici ezithile zokuziphatha.

Ulimi Lomzimba Ne - tone

Hlala uqonde esihlalweni sokufakaza, gcina izandla zakho ziqinile, futhi ubheke emehlweni nomuntu obuza umbuzo (ngaphandle kokuba isikhulu esizwayo sifundisa okuhlukile). Khuluma ngezwi eliqinile, elilinganiselayo", hhayi ngokuthula kakhulu noma ngokuzwakalayo. Gwema ukushaya unwabu, ukububula, noma ukugoba amehlo. Uma uboniswa incwadi, yiphathe ngokunakekela futhi uyibeke phansi lapho usenza. Lezizimpawu ezincane zobuchwepheshe ziqinisa ukwethemba kwakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yithi “Mnumnu. noma“ Mnum. [Ogcina igama],” futhi ubhekise noma iziphi izicelo kumphathi olalelayo, hhayi umhloli.

Ukubhekana Neseluleko Esinenzondo

Uma ummeli ophikisayo eba nenzondo, ephakamisa izwi labo, noma ekuphazamisa, ungaphili ngendlela yabo. Hlala uzolile futhi ulinde ukuba baqede ngaphambi kokuba baphendule. Uma beqhubeka bephazamisa, baphendule isikhulu sezindlebe bathi, “Ngizama ukuphendula umbuzo, kodwa ngiphazanyiswa. Kungenzeka ukuthi nginethuba lokuphendula?" Isikhulu esizwayo sizongenela. Ukuziphatha kokuziphindisela ngokuvamile kuyalimaza ngoba isikhulu esizwayo sibona ukuthi akunabulungisa.

Ukunakekelwa Okukhethekile Kwezisulu

Ukuzimela enkantolo kunezela ubunkimbinkimbi ekulungiseleleni ukuphenya. Njengomligant olandela i-pro se litigant, ubambelele ezindinganisweni ezifanayo zokuziphatha njengommeli kodwa ungathola izindawo zokuhlala ezithile. Zivumelanise nemithetho yokuzwa kusengaphambili . Izinhlangano eziningi zinyathelisa iziqondiso zazo ze-procedtural ku-inthane. Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi uphendula kanjani kuleyo mibuzo, ungayichazi, kodwa kumelwe uchaze isisekelo sokwenqaba kwakho (umz., “umthetho; isig.""'i-ag;'i-agnome; impikiswano ayithathi bufakazi”. Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi, “Angiqiniseki ukuthi ngiphendula kanjani kuleyo mibuzo, Nkosi yakho. Ngingabuza ofakazi ukucacisa?" pro. pro. Kumelwe ugweme ukwenza izinkulumo ezithiyo ezivumelanayo; ukunikeza izinkulumo ezingokomthetho; ukunamathela ezingokomthetho zezwini zeze izinkulumo zenkulumo.

Ukubaluleka Kokucabanga Ngesikhathi Uzwa Indlebe

Ngemva kokuzwa, kungakhathaliseki umphumela, zinike isikhathi sokucabanga ngekhono lakho lokuhlola isiphambano. Yini oyiphathe kahle? Yini ongayenza ngokuhlukile? Uma unommeli, ohlukumekile kanye nabo. Uma ufaka ipro se, hlola amaphuzu akho nanoma ikuphi ukuqoshwa kwezindlebe. Lokhu kuhlola akuthuthukisi amakhono akho ezindlebeni zesikhathi esizayo kuphela kodwa futhi kukusiza ukuba uthuthukise okuhlangenwe nakho kwakho ngokomzwelo. Amacala amaningi okuqondisa ayaqhubeka ukuxazulula izingxoxo noma ukunxusa, futhi i-eactive-seat elungele ukuthatha i-active kuqinisa isikhundla sakho sokuhlola.

Imicabango Yokugcina

Ukuhlola i-parder ekulaleleni kuyisenzakalo esiphakeme esingachaza umphumela wecala lakho. Kodwa ngokuhlela, ngokuqonda okucacile kwenqubo, nangokuzinza, ungayisebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo. Gxila emaqinisweni, hlala uthembekile, futhi uhloniphe indima yesikhulu sezindlebe. Izinqubo ezichazwe lapha akuzona izinqano zokuzibamba; ziwumkhuba othuthukiswa ngokuzijwayeza nangokubukeza. Ngokuqhubeka ukufunda ngezimiso zokulawula zokuzwa nokulungiselela ukufakaza, hlola imithombo ye- i-American Association, [[FLT]], [ingxenye yobufakazi obuqondile] [i-FLT:]], [i-FLT] nomthetho], futhi [i-FLT] ne-FFFOM) ethembekile kakhulu.[5]