Imingcele Ephakeme Yamanani: Ukuqonda Ukubukeka Okuyingozi Kwe - Australia

I-Australia ingenye yezizwe ezixhunyaniswe kakhulu ngokwemishini e-Asia-Pacific, kodwa le-sociation iqala ngokuchayeka kakhulu engozini. I-Australian Cyber Security Center (ACSCC) ibika njalo ukuthi abadlali abaphambili bezwe bahlasela izinhlelo zikahulumeni wase-Australia, izisekelo zezemisebenzi yezemisebenzi yezemisebenzi yezemisebenzi, nezinhlangano zokucwaninga. Laba balwani bahlose ukweba impahla engokwengqondo, ukuphazamisa izinkonzo ezidingekayo, nokudweba amabala akhethekile awekhohlakele. Ngalé kwe-igencagea, izinhlelo zezokuxhumana eziyingozi zifuna ukuqeda ukwethemba umphakathi ezimisweni zentando ye-democricial ne-Hangee. Izwe elizihlukanisi indawo akusakunikezi sivikelo endaweni esendaweni engafanelekile; ngenxa yalokho, i-Australia iye yaphoqelelwa ukuba ithuthukise, ilungele ukuthuthukisa, ukuphatha kahle, futhi i-injini ye-ithene.

Ukusabela akuyona nje indlela ethatha isinyathelo kodwa kuhlanganisa ukuzivikela okuqinile nokubambisana okujulile komhlaba wonke.

Iqhinga Lokuzibamba Lesizwe: Izinsika Zokuvimbela Nokungalawuleki

Indlela ye-Australia isekelwe ekusebenziseni kwayo i-National Cybersecurity Strategy edlula phambili ye-Cybersecurity, eshintshwe kakhulu yi-Divince of Home Affairs. Le ncwajana inikeza umbono omude wesimo sezobuchwepheshe esilondekile nesichumayo. Ngokungafani nezincwadi ezinciphileyo zobuchwepheshe, inqubo ihlanganisa ukuncintisana kweze-inthambi ye-inthanethi nokulondeka kwesizwe, ukuqina kwezomnotho, nokubambisana kwezenhlalo. Izinhloso zayo eziyisisekelo zihlanganisa ukuthuthukisa i-inthanethi ezindaweni zonke, ukuqinisa ukulondeka kwezenteko yezeko yezentethelekiso, nokuphazamisa ukuviselwa kwezentethele ezindaweni eziyingozi ezimelene nezindaba ze-Australia.

Leli cebo ligcizelela izinsika ezintathu ezihlangene:

  • I-cyber Resilience ebekwe phezulu: Ukwakha ikhono lamabhizinisi, ohulumeni, nabantu ngabanye abazolungiselela, ukumelana, nokululama ezigabeni zobuchwepheshe. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuthuthukisa imikhuba yokuvikela eqinile, ukuhlela izenzakalo, nokuzimela kokwaziswa.
  • Ikhomputhi esebenzayo: Idlulela ngalé kwezivikelo ezingenzi lutho ukuze kutholwe, kuphazanyiswe, futhi kuvimbele izitha. Lokhu kuhilela ukufuna usongo, imisebenzi elawula ukuhlakanipha, kanye nezilinganiso zobuchwepheshe eziphakamisa izindleko nengozi yabahlaseli.
  • Global Cyber Progue: Ukususa isimilo sezwe lonke nezivumelwano ezicindezela ukuziphatha kombuso okunonya kwi-inthanekhi. I-Australia ihlanganyela ngentshiseko kwiQela loMnyango we-UN kaHulumeni nenye i-Provincessssperms ukuqhubekisela phambili ukuziphatha okungokombuso.

Icebo alikho-mthethweni kodwa libukeziwe futhi lilungiswe ukuze libonise usongo lwendawo ezungezile. Ushintsho lwamuva lugcizelele kakhulu ukulondeka kwamaketanga, izinsongo ze-Al ezigunyaziwe, nesidingo sohlelo lokulawula olusheshayo olungahambisana noshintsho lwezobuchwepheshe.

Isihluthulelo Sezimo Eziphuthumayo Nemisebenzi

Ukungavikeli okuphumelelayo kwezezingosi kudinga ukubusa kwezinhlangano ezinikezelwe ezineziyalezo ezicacile nemithombo eyanele. I-Australia iye yakha izinhlangano ezihlangene ezisebenza ekhonsathini ukuze zibone, zivimbele, futhi ziphendule ekusongweni okuphicayo kukahulumeni.

Isikhungo Sokuvikela SaseAustralia

I-Australian Cyber Security Centre, igatsha le-Orussia Signals Drederate (ASD), lisebenza njengesikhungo sezwe sobuhlakani be-inthanethi, ukusabela kwezehlakalo, nosizo lobuchwepheshe. I-ACSC inikeza isiqondiso esinegunya ezinhlanganweni zomphakathi nezezobulungu, ikhipha imibiko yokusongela, futhi ixhumanisa ukusabela ezigabeni ezinkulu. yenzeka obala isebenza njengendawo yokuhlala ephakathi yeminyango, ama-advisories, nemikhuba engcono kakhulu. I-ACSCC ibuye iqhube imibiko yezehlakalo, futhi iqhube iziphetho zezikhulu ezinkulu. [FLT:] eziphethe izikhulu zezokuxhumana [FLT] ezinamaqoqo amaphoyisa agxekayo namaphoyisa.

Izimpawu zaseAustralia

I-ASD izimpawu ze-Australia zokuhlakanipha nezobuphekula. Ngaphezu kokusekela i-ACSC, i-ASD yenza imisebenzi ye-inthanethi ehlanekezelayo ngaphansi kwemithetho ecacile nezimiso. Le misebenzi ihlasela abadlali bezembutho ezinezici zezenzo eziyingozi, iphazamisa izakhiwo zabo, futhi ilulaza amakhono abo. I-ASD isebenza eduze ne-Federal Police ne-othermsm ehlangene ukuze ibonge futhi yakhe izigilaniso zokulwa noma ukugcinwa komthetho.

Izikhungo Zokwakha Ezibucayi

Ibekwe eMnyango Wezindaba Zasekhaya, i-Critical Infrapublicare Centre (CIC) yengamela ukulondeka nokuzinziswa kwempahla okubalulekile ekulondekeni kwesizwe, ukulondeka komphakathi, nokuzinza kwezomnotho. ICIC isebenza nabanikazi kanye nabasebenzisi bezimiso ezibucayi zokuhlola izingozi, ihlola izingozi, futhi isebenzise izinyathelo zokuvikela. Ukungena kweSikhawulo sokhuseleko (Izisekelo ze-CIC) kwandisa izivumelwano zeze-ics zokwenyusa izibopho ezingokomthetho ezimisiwe, kuhlanganise nezingalawuli, amanzi, iziteshi, i-tetrammaternetic, kunye nezinkonzo zemali.

Umsebenzi Womthetho Nomthetho: Ukuphoqelela Ukubuyisela I - Cyber Resilience

Umthetho oqinile ubalulekile ukuze kugunyazwe izindinganiso ezilinganiselwe zokulondeka, kuqinisekiswe ukubika izenzakalo, futhi kubekwe izinhlangano ezilandisa ngokunganaki. IAustralia iye yenza intuthuko enkulu yemithetho eminyakeni yamuva.

Ukubika Ngengozi

Ngaphansi koKhuseleko loMthetho we-Critical Infraclactive 2018 kanye nokulungisa okulandelayo, abanikazi kanye nabasebenzisi bezinto zezesisekelo ezibucayi kudingeka babike izenzakalo zokuphepha kweze-inthanethi kuyi-ACSC. Lokhu akuhlanganisi nje ukuhlasela okuphawulekayo kuphela kodwa futhi nemisebenzi esolekayo engabonisa ukuhlasela noma ukulungiselela ukuhlasela. Umbuso ophoqelelwe obikayo unikeza uhulumeni ukubonakala kwangempela kwendawo esongelayo futhi wenza ukuba kukwazi ukusabela okusheshayo, okuhambisana nokuvumelana.

Izindleko Ezinamandla Zokulahlekelwa

I-Criminal Code Code Act ka-1995 ilungiswe ukuze iqinise izijeziso zezenzo ze-computer ezihlobene ne-computer, kuhlanganise nokuthola izinto ezigunyaziwe, ukulungiswa, nokungagunyazwa kwezokuxhumana ngogesi. Izigwebo ziye zandiswa ngenxa yezimo ezibucayi ezicitshwayo noma ezibekwe ukuze kuzuze imibuso yangaphandle. Lezi zinguquko zithumela isibonakaliso esicacile kubadlali abadayisi ababoshwe i-Australia eyozimangalela ukuphazamisa kweze-i - Internet ngamandla agcwele omthetho.

Ukuvikelwa Kwemininingwane Nokuba Wedwa

I-Ascry Act ka-1988 imisa imithetho yokuqoqa, ukusebenzisa, nokwambula ukwaziswa komuntu siqu. Ihhovisi lomphathi wokwaziswa lase-Australia limisa lemithetho futhi lingabeka izijeziso ezithize kakhulu ngokwephulwa okukhulu noma ngokuphindaphindiwe. Nakuba i-Ascrect isebenza kabanzi, ibaluleke kakhulu ezinhlanganweni eziphethe ukwaziswa okungaqondakalayo okungase kuphakwe izinkonzo zobuhlakani bakwamanye amazwe.

Ukuhlobana Kwezizwe Zonke: Amandla Ngobuhlobo

Alikho izwe elingamelana nezinsongo ze-inthanethi ezifunwa uhulumeni we-intanethi kuphela. Ukuma kwe-Australia kanye nezithakazelo ezisemqoka kwenza kube yilungu elingokwemvelo lezizwe ezihlangene ngamehlo amahlanu, e-United States, e-United Kingdom, eCanada, nase-New Zealand. Lo muzwa usizana ekuhlanganyeleni ubuhlakani obuhlelwayo, imisebenzi ehlangeneyo, nokuhlanganisa i-i zinhlangano ze-inthanet. I-Australia isebenza eduze neJapane, i-South Korea, ne-Southeast Asia ngezindlela ezinjenge-AIAAIAIAN Regionaltion Forum ne-Australia Cyber Polician Dialogian.

I-Australia ibingumsekeli oqinile wesimiso sokuziphatha okuhle kwezwe seZizwe Ezihlangene kuyi-inthanethi. Lolu hlelo, olusekelwe embikweni we-Cyberspace ka-2015, luqinisekisa ukuthi umthetho wezwe lonke uyasebenza kuyi-inthanethi, ukuthi akumelwe uqhube izinhlelo ze-inthanethi ezilimaza izakhiwo ezisemqoka, futhi lezo zimemezelo kumelwe ziphendule lapho kucelwa usizo ekuhloleni izenzakalo zeze-ingosi. I-Australia futhi ihlanganyela kuyi-Paris Call for Trust and Security in Cyberspace ne-Global Forum on Cyber Exesse.

Izingxoxo ze-inthanethi ne-inthanethi namazwe anjengeFrance, iJalimane, neSingapore zivumela i-Australia ukuba ihlanganyele imikhuba emihle, ixhumane nobuchwepheshe obuvelayo futhi yakhe isilinganiso esifanayo. Lobu buhlobo bubalulekile ekulolongeni isimilo sembulunga yonke nasekuqinisekiseni ukuthi amazwe ahlangene athatha isinyathelo ngokushendeza lapho kwenzeka isenzakalo esikhulu esidalwe uhulumeni.

Isivikelo Esibucayi Somthetho: Izivikelo Zehlelo

Nakuba ukwakheka kwe-inthanethi yonke kusebenza kabanzi, i-Australia iye yasungula izindlela ezicatshangelwe ngokuqondiswe emaqenjini asheshayo nanemibhoshongo ephakeme kakhulu. Abadlali abadume kakhulu bamazwe ngokuvamile bahlasela isisekelo esibucayi ukuze baqoqe ukuhlakanipha, amandla okuhlola, noma balungiselele imisebenzi ephazamisayo. Ukuvikela lempahla kudinga amasu avumelanayo kanye nokubambisana okuseduze phakathi kukahulumeni nezimboni.

Ihlelo Lamandla

I-Gradia yamandla yase-Australia iyanda futhi ixhumene, yenza ibe isisulu esiphezulu samazwe angaphandle amelene nayo. I-Australian Energy Market Multimection (AEMO) isebenza ne-ACSC ukuze ihlole izinsongo kugesi, igesi, nezimiso zikaphethiloli. Imishini, abadlulisi, nabaxoxisi-mfashi-ndlela funeka bahambisane nezindinganiso ze-intelligation ezigunyaziwe ze-Australian Energy Market Commission ephone futhi iphoqelelwe yi-Australian Ener Reumeletor. Lezindinganiso zimbobo zimboza izingxenye ze-mnethi, izintambo zokungena, ukupheka, nokuhlelwa kwemiphumela.

Ihlelo Lokuxhumana Ngemishini

Ingxenye yezokuxhumana isekela zonke ezinye izimboni futhi iyisisulu esiyinhloko. I-Australia inemithetho eqinile ngokuphathelene nokutshala imali kwamanye amazwe empahla ye-telcom, iphoqelelwa nge-Foour Accountions and Tatovers Act. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Tetragrammation Security Reformations (TSSR) idinga abathwali bezokuvikela izimfakela zabo ekungeneni okungagunyaziwe nokungagunyazi ukuxhumana okugciniwe. I-TSSR futhi ifuna ukuba abathwali bazise uhulumeni ngezenzakalo ezimisiwe ezingase zithinte ukulondeka kwesizwe.

Imboni Yokuzimela

Imboni yokuzivikela yase-Australia ingaphansi kwe-Defence Industry Security Program (DISP), eveza izimfuneko zokungavikelwa kwe-inthanethi ezisingatha ukwaziswa kokuzivikela okuzwelayo. Amalungu e-DISP ngokuvamile ayimfuneko ekugunyazisweni kwezivumelwano zokuzivikela, futhi ukuvuma kuqinisekiswa ngokuhlola njalo nangokuzihlolela. Loluhlelo luhlanganisa izindawo ezinjengesivikelo sezisebenzi, ukulondeka kolwazi, nokulondeka komzimba, futhi luklanyelwe ukuvikela kokubili izinsongo ezingaphakathi kanye nemikhankatho yangaphandle.

Izinkonzo Zezimali

Ibhange kanye nengxenye yezimali zilawulwa kakhulu yi-Purdial Regatence Authority (APRA) kanye ne-Australian Security and Investicements Commission (ASIC). Imvume ye-PRUDA E Standard PS 234 yokulawula izinhlangano ezilawula izinhlangano ezikwaziyo ukulondoloza ikhono lokuthola ulwazi oluqinile, ukwenza ukuhlola okuvamile, nokubika izenzakalo ze-inthaneti ku-APLA phakathi namahora angu-77. Ingxenye futhi ihlanganyela eMkhakheni wezenteli ye-Entellicial Sercity Industry Collegist IxCyber Working Groult, ehlanganisa ukuhlanganisa ukuphathana nokuphathwa kwezentengo.

Ukuthuthuka Kwezisebenzi Nokuqapha Komphakathi

Izisebenzi ezinekhono azikwazi ukuxazulula inselele ye - Internet kuphela.

Imfundo Nokuqeqeshwa Kobuqotho

Izinyathelo ezifana ne I-Cyber Skills Priviner Innovation Fund ifaka izimali ezinhlelweni ezithuthukisa amakhono e-inthanethi kuwo wonke amazinga − kusukela kubafundi besikole kuya kochwepheshe abaphakathi kokunakekela. Ukungalingani namaqembu e-TaFE kunikeza amadegree akhethekile kanye neziqinisekiso, kuyilapho izinhlelo zezemboni ezifana ne-Australian Information Security Association (ASA) kanye ne-Cyber Security Welvenet Network (AusCyber) inikeza amathuba obuchwepheshe nezokuxhumana.

Imikhankaso Yokuxwayisa Umphakathi

Uhulumeni uqhuba imikhankaso yomphakathi eqhubekayo yokufundisa izakhamuzi ngezingozi ze-inthanethi. Isehlo se- “Show Smart Online” sinikeza iseluleko esisebenzayo ngezihloko ezinjengokuphepha kwegama eliyimfihlo, ukukhohlisa nge-phishing, nokushintshwa kwe-software. Amabhizinisi amancane athola isiqondiso nge-Small Business Cyber Security Guide, esinikeza izinyathelo ezilula, ezithatha izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa ukulondeka kwawo. Le mizamo ibalulekile ngoba ukuhlasela okuningi kwezenezethuthi kuyaphumelela ngokusebenzisa amaphutha abantu kunokusebenzisa imishini ekwazi ukuphehla i - Internet.

Ukushintsha Kwezobuchwepheshe Nezici Ezizayo

Njengoba abaphikisi bemukela ubuchwepheshe obusha, i-Australia kumelwe ihlale isesiphethweni esiqinile sokuzivikela kolwembu lwe-inthanethi. Uhulumeni utshala imali ekucwaningeni nasekuthuthukeni nge-Defence Science and Technology Group (DSTG), esebenza ezindaweni ezinjenge-quantam fibrography ephephile, imishini yokufunda ukuhlolwa, nesenzakalo esizenzekelayo. Ubudlelwane bezemboni nezimboni njenge-Australia Cryptocurrency Exent ne-Fivecast bubonisa amandla emisebenzi yezentengiso ephephile yesizwe.

Ukusetshenziswa kokuhlakanipha kokwenziwa kuyinkemba ebambene kabili. Nakuba i-Al ingathuthukisa ukutholwa kosongo nemisebenzi engokwesiko, yenza futhi izitha ziqale ukuhlasela okuyinkimbinkimbi. I-Australia ifaka amathuluzi okuzivikela olwembu jikelele angabona izindlela zokuhlasela ezintsha futhi aphendule ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhulumeni ubhekisisa ukusungulwa kwezimiso ze-AIP ezingasetshenziswa ngenjongo embi, njengokuveza ama-email ekhophisi aqinisekisayo noma ukusakaza inkulumo yasobala.

Izinselele Neziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo

Naphezu kwentuthuko ephawulekayo, indlela ye-Australia yokunqanda izinsongo ze-inthanethi yakwamanye amazwe ibhekene nezinselele ezingapheli. Abadlali abadunyiswa uhulumeni banesineke, banezisekeli ezingcono, futhi bayazivumelanisa nezimo. Bayaqhubeka belungisa amasu abo ukuze bagweme ukutholwa nokuxhashazwa okuvelayo.

Ukukhishwa Nokusabela

Ukukhuthaza ukuhlaselwa kwe-inthanethi ezindaweni ezithile noma emaqenjini asolwezwe ayinkimbinkimbi ngokwesayensi nangokwezombangazwe. Nakuba i-Australia iye yaveza obala izenzakalo ezinkulu − njengango 2020 ezihlasela amayunivesithi ase-Australia nezinhlangano zikahulumeni . Ukuhlasela okuningi kuyangatshazwa futhi akunakukhishwa. Uhulumeni kumelwe uhlole izinzuzo zomphakathi ngokufaka igalelo lengozi yokuzifaka engozini noma imiphumela engalindelekile.

Ukuphepha Kwezinhlayiya

Amaketanga amanani anamuhla awesikhathi eside futhi afiphele, anikeza abaphikisi amathuba okusungula imishini edinga ukugcinwa kwezindawo nganoma iliphi iqophelo. I-Australia isebenza ngemboni ukuze ithuthukise izindinganiso zokuphepha ezilandelanayo nokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwabathengisi abathenjwayo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziphakeme njengezimiso ze-5G nezimiso zezindawo zamafu. I-Critical Technology Application Chain Priples[, esungulwe yi-Department of Home Affairs, inikeza uhlelo lokulawula lezingozi.

Ukuswelakala Kwamandla

Igebe lokusebenza nge-inthanethi alikho e-Australia kuphela, kodwa lizwakala kakhulu ezweni elinabantu abambalwa. Ukuthatha futhi ulondoloze ithalenta eliphezulu kudinga amaholo okuncintisana, izindlela ezicacile zomsebenzi, kanye nempucuko eqinile yokusungula. Ukugxila kukahulumeni emfundweni nasekuqeqesheni kuyinto ethatha isikhathi eside, kodwa isidingo esifushane siyaqhubeka sidlula isilinganiso senani.

Isiphetho: Ukuphikelela Nokuxazulula Ukuzibophezela

Indlela i-Australia enqanda ngayo ukusongela kwezezingcingo ze-inthanethi ezivela kwamanye amazwe ibonisa ukungathi sína kwenselele nokuzimisela kwesizwe ukuvikela ubukhosi baso, umnotho, nendlela yokuphila. Lendlela ihlanganisa izinhlangano eziqinile zekhaya, izisekelo eziqinile ezingokomthetho, ubuhlobo obuqinile bomhlaba wonke, kanye nokuzimisela ukuthuthukisa ngokuqhubekayo. Nakuba kungekho sivikelo esiphelele, isimo se-Australia esiqinile nesezimo ezivumelanayo sidala indawo enzima yokuba izitha zikahulumeni zisebenzele kuyo.

Indlela engaphambili idinga ukutshala imali eqhubekayo, ukubambisana kweqembu, nokuzimisela ukujwayela ubuchwepheshe nezinsongo. Ngokugxila ekubekeni isisekelo, ukunqanda ukumelana nokubambisana kwembulunga yonke, i-Australia ihlala ingumholi emzamweni oqhubekayo wokuvikela indawo ephezulu ezindaweni zobuchwepheshe ekuhlaseleni ubudlova obuphakanyiswa uhulumeni.