Amarekhodi ezindlebe ze-Congress abekwe njengenye yemithombo enegunya kakhulu nekhanyisela kakhulu ekhona kubafundi, izazi - mlando, nakubacwaningi bezimiso. Le mibhalo esemthethweni nalemiqophiswayo ithatha izingxoxo ezishayeleleyo, ubufakazi, nezimpikiswano ezenzeka phakathi kwamakomiti e-U.S.. Kunoma ubani ofuna ukuqonda indlela imithetho eme ngayo, indlela ukulandisa kukahulumeni okuphoqelelwe ngayo, nendlela inqubo yomphakathi eshintsha ngayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lemilando inikeza ifasitela elingenakuqhathaniswa enqubweni yomthetho. Lesiqondiso sinikeza imephu ebanzi yendlela yokuthola ukwaziswa, ukufinyelela, ukucubunga, ukucubunga, nokuphawula amarekhodi okuzwa kwezifundo zemfundo.

Ukuqulwa Kwezindaba Kwezakhiwo Nezinhlobo Zezishaya - mthetho

Ngaphambi kokungena ezindleleni zokucwaninga, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ziyini izimemezelo zomphakathi kanye nohlobo oluhlukile ezithathwayo. Ukulalela kuyinqubo engokomthetho eqhutshwa yikomiti yenhlangano noma ikomiti engaphansi ukuze kuqoqwe ukwaziswa, kuphenyelwe, noma kwengamele igatsha eliphethe. Imibhalo ihlanganisa izimemezelo eziqinile, izinkulumo ezilungiselelwe ofakazi, imibukiso, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuqopha kwevidiyo. Izigaba ezine eziyinhloko zokuzwa ngayinye zifeza injongo ekhethekile.

Izindlebe Ezingokomthetho

Abacwaningi basebenzisa lezi ziphakamiso ukuze balandele izimpikiswano ezakha umthetho othile, baqaphele ukuthi yimaphi amaqembu anesithakazelo ayenethonya, futhi baqonde ukuhlehla okuholela enqubweni yokugcina. Izincwadi zivame ukuhlanganisa iziteshi ezibanzi ze-Q&A ezambula ukuthi yiziphi izici zemali ezaziphikiswa kakhulu.

Ukuqapha Izindlebe

Ukuzwa ngokuqondisisa kuyisisekelo somthwalo woMkhandlu womthwalo wokuphathwa kwegatsha eliphethe igatsha nezinhlangano zikahulumeni. Bahlola ukusetshenziswa kwemithetho, bahlola ukuphumelela kwezinhlelo, futhi bahlole ukulahlwa okungase kwenzeke, ukukhwabanisa, noma ukuxhashazwa. Kubacwaningi bezemfundo, ukuqulwa kwamacala kubaluleke kakhulu ekuhloleni ithonya langempela lezwe lomthetho. Ngokuvamile banikeza ubufakazi obuqondile kubaphathi bezinhlangano, abafuthali bempempe, nabahloli abazimele, banikeze umbono wezezinqumo zemithetho.

Ukucwaninga Ngezindlebe

Izindlebe zophenyo zihlola izenzakalo ezithile, amahlazo, noma izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngenxa yokuthi ubukhulu bazo buvame ukuba buncane futhi bunezinto ezithathelwanayo, bathanda ukwenza eminye yemibhalo eningiliziwe nehlaba umxhwele. Izibonelo zihlanganisa ukuzwa kweWatergate, i-Iran Contra, noma ukuzwa kwe-Committee ye-6. Lemidwebo nezincwadi zamavidiyo ziyimithombo eyinhloko yokuhleleka okuphakeme kakhulu, ithatha ukulandisa kobuqu ngaphansi kokufunga.

Ukuqinisekisa Izindlebe

Lapho uMongameli emisa abantu ezikhundleni eziphezulu noma zokwahlulela, iSigele siphethe izicelo zokuqulwa kwecala. Lokhu kuhlola kunikeza ukuqonda ngezimfanelo, imibono, nesimo sobuso. Abacwaningi bazisebenzisa ukuba bafunde amandla ezombangazwe okumisa futhi baqonde izindinganiso eziqondene nezamajaji ombuso, omabhalane bamakhathemende, namanxusa.

Indlela Yokuthola Amarekhodi Ezindaba Ezizwayo E - Congress

Ukuthola amarekhodi okuzwa namuhla kulula kunanini ngaphambili, ngenxa yezinqolobane ze-athoritogo ze-minutec ezilondolozwe uhulumeni nabamemezeli bezentengiselwano. Nokho, ukwazi ikhodi elizosetshenziswa ezikhathini ezihlukene namafomethi kubucayi.

Ama - Webhsayithi Kahulumeni Ongokomthetho

Isiqalo esinokwethenjelwa kakhulu yi- Conrer. gov, i-metalog ye-octive ye-U.S. Congress, egcinwe yi-Library of Congress. Inikeza ukufinyelela kokuzwa kwe-1095959596 kuya ku-manje. Abasebenzisi bangasesha nge-website yamanje, usuku, isihloko, noma igama lofakazi. Iziqeshane zikhona njengombhalo ophenywayo, futhi eziningi zihlanganisa ukuxhumana ekuqoshweni ngevidiyo. [[FLT:] I-Government Arest Office (POLT)[FLT] [3] [indlela] kakhulu] i-octivessionssss esebenzayo (imvumeni le-Prognstssion, noma i-ocesterss) esebenzayo kakhulu kwemisebe ye-onke, ikakhulukazi kulokhu kunyatheliswa i-PPPDCP.[0]

Imininingwane Yezentengiselwano

Amalayibhulali amaningi aseyunivesithi avumelana nezinhlelo zezentengiselwano ezithuthukisa ukuseshwa nokuhlanganiswa. iProQuest Congress ingu-onele kakhulu, inikeza umbhalo ogcwele wezindlebe kusukela ngo-1789 kuqhubeke, kanye nemibhalo yekomiti, iqoqo lemiqulu, nemithetho. [[FLT]] APNLIN [[ inikeza umtapo onikezelwe “U.S.Cressionary Documents shortum" umtapolaywe onamathe aqinile ezindlebe zakudala, namathuluzi ayo okuhlola ama-data akhona. [FLT] [FFFF:5] [isis.[ingxenye ye-Active]

Iqoqo Elingokoqobo Nezinqolobane

Izendlebe ezingakangenisiwe cishe ngekhulu le-19 nelama-20 leminyaka zisebalulekile. I-National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) iphethe imibhalo yamakomiti yokuqala, kuhlanganise namaphepha abhaliwe nawasekelwayo. Eminye imitapo emikhulu yaseyunivesithi, njengeYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, iBerkeley, noma iYunivesithi yaseTexas, ilondoloza iqoqo elikhulu lezincwadi zikahulumeni ezisemicrofiche. Uma ukutholakala kwemidwebo yemidwebo kuhluleka, ukunikeza iziqondiso ezikhethekile elwazinisweni zikahulumeni kunganikeza isiqondiso emalini yombangongozo noma ukuhambela ngokuqondile i-ekhofitory.

Izinyathelo Eziwusizo Zokucwaninga Ukusebenzisa Amarekhodi Ezindlebe

Ukusetshenziswa okuphumelelayo kwemibhalo yezindlebe egciniwe eqoqiwe kudinga indlela ehlelekile. Isimo semidwebo yenkulumo sisho ukuthi abacwaningi kumelwe balungiselelwe ukuhlaziya ubufakazi obude nezingxoxo zezindaba ukuze bakhiphe ukwaziswa okuhlobene.

Ukuchaza Umbuzo Wakho Wokucwaninga

Ingabe uhlola umlando wemithetho womthetho othile, njengeSichibiyelo Somthetho Wendiza Ka - 1990? Ingabe uhlola indlela iqembu elithile elinesithakazelo, njengeNhlangano Yezokwelapha yaseMelika, elithonywe ngayo isimiso sezempilo? Ingabe uqhathanisa amasu angenampendulo ekomiti yeDemocratic neRepublica phakathi nokuqulwa kwamacala? Umbuzo oqondile uyoqondisa ukukhetha kwakho ukuzwa nofakazi futhi ukusize ngokushesha ukwazi ukuthola izingxenye eziwusizo kakhulu zale mibhalo.

Kuseshwa amagama-angena kanye namahluzo

Uma usebenzisa i-Congress.gov noma i-metabase yezentengiselwano, sebenzisa inhlanganisela yamagama alawulwayo nolimi olungokwemvelo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ucwaninga i-Fair Honging Act, funa i- “Fair House” (phrase),“ ukuhlukana kwezindlu,”” nenombolo yemali (umzk. 1359). Sebenzisa izinhlayiso zokufaka imingcele yekomiti (umk., umklebe, i-Banking, i-Locare, ne-Urbanican Affairs), uhlu lwezinsuku, nohlobo lokuzwa. Amapulatifomu amaningi akuvumela ukuba uhlele ngohlelo lofakazi; ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa izikhulu zikahulumeni, abaholi bezemfundo yezemfundo, nochwepheshe, unikeza umbono ohlukile.

Ukuhlaziya Ubufakazi NoFakazi

Funda izitatimende ezilungiselelwe kuqala, njengoba ngokuvamile zihlelwe kakhulu futhi ziningiliziwe kunobufakazi obudluliselwa ngomlomo. Khona - ke gxila engxenyeni ye Q&A, ngokuvamile eveza izingxabano, ukungaboni ngaso linye, nokwaziswa okungalindelekile. Qaphela indlela amalungu amakomiti asingatha ngayo imibuzo yawo; imicabango yawo nezinto eziza kuqala zibonakala. Qonda isithakazelo esiyinhloko esingemva kofakazi ngamunye: ummeleli wezezemboni, isazi semfundo, umlawuli, noma isakhamuzi. Isiphamba sezalo sabonisa ukuzwakala kwemibuzo ezindlebeni kanye neminye imithombo ukuze kuhlolwe ukunemba noma ukucwasana.

Ukunqamule-iphambano neminye imithombo

Amarekhodi okuzwa akumelwe asetshenziswe ngokuhlukaniswa. Qhathanisa ubufakazi nombhalo wesikweleti njengoba sishiwo nanjengokwenziwa. Bheka umbiko wekomiti ohambisana nalesi sikhwama; ngokuvamile ufingqa izimpikiswano ezizwiwayo ezindlebeni. Cabangela ukufingqwa kwezindaba kusukela ngalesosikhathi ukuze uqonde umongo wezombangazwe. Izihloko zephepha lezindaba nezincwadi ze-Acacademic zingahlaziya futhi ukuqulwa okufanayo, ukunikeza ukuhlaziywa kwemininingwane okungathuthukisa iziphetho zakho siqu.

Amacebiso Okuhlola Nokucaphuneka Okuphumelelayo

Ukusebenza ngemithombo eyinhloko enjengemibhalo eqoshiwe engokomthetho kudinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela emongweni nasemikhubeni yokudlulisela eqinile.

Ukubhala Kabanzi Izindlebe

Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ingcaphuno noma iphuzu lokwaziswa, misa umongo wezwi. Kwenzeka nini? Ingabe kwenzeka izenzakalo ezinkulu? Zenzekeni ngalelo sonto(inhlekelele yomhlaba wonke), ukhetho, ihlazo? Ikhonogational Record (ekhona eMkhandlwini.gov) inikeza izitezi zansuku zonke futhi ingasiza ekukhipheni isikhathi. Futhi cabangela ikomiti ye-democratic komiti; i-majoraty ekomitini lika-1970 iyakuba nezwi elihlukile kakhulu kunekomiti yeRepublican-joration.

Ukubona Ama - bia Nemibono Ehlukahlukene

Ufakazi ngamunye nelungu le-Congress liletha ubandlululo. Abacwaningi bezokuzwa kumelwe babheke amarekhodi okuzwa njengempikiswano, hhayi njengeqiniso eliyiphutha. Funa ofakazi abaphikisayo .('Ikomiti' yamema umcusumbuli wenqubo ehlongozwayo?" Uma kungenjalo, ukuqulwa kwecala kungase kube kanye. Qaphela ubufakazi obunganqunyiwe noma ofakazi ababebizwa ngomzuzu odlule; ukuba khona kwabo ngokuvamile kuveza impikiswano yezombangazwe. Sebenzisa ukuzwa okuningi esihlokweni esifanayo ekuchazeni amaqiniso afanayo futhi uqaphele ukulandisa okungaguquguquki.

Ukucaphuna Ukuqulwa Kwecala Kwezindikimba

Ukunikeza incazelo efanele kubalulekile ukuze umuntu athembeke esikoleni. Izimo ziyahlukahluka ngokwesiqondiso. Uhlelo lwesikhombisa , ukuzwa kucashunwa njenge: [
[[FLT:]] Igama, iNdlu yeNdlu ye-Indlu/Indlu, i-Congress No. Ukuzwa Isihloko: Ukulalela phambi kwe-Subrostee [Igama].[[FLT: 4.] [Unyaka]. Uhulumeni Ihhovisi lokunyathelisa. URL
[FLT]]
.S.S.Ikomiti yemali.[FLT] 2020]

Ku [[FLT: 0]] Uhlelo lwesi-9 , ifomethi yile: [[[FLT:] United States, Congress, House/Senate, Name Lomkhakha weKomiti. Isihloko seNhloko Yokuzwa[[[FLT:]. Isibalo, inani lesimiso, usuku. [[FLT:] Ihhovisi lokuHofisi Lokunyathelisa, URL. [[FLT:] ] [ISiqu seSiqu seSikhathi seSimo sohlobo [17:3]] [Uhlelo lwe-FLT:7] nohlelo lwe-biographography: [[[FL:]] I House /Sten, iKomiti ye-Litwe.[FT]

Njalo hlola inombolo eqondile yokuzwa (isib., S.Hrg. 113-4) ukuze uthole i-spect eqonde kakhulu, futhi ufake i-URL yemithombo ye-inthanethi.

Izinselele Ezivamile Nendlela Yokuzinqoba

Ukusebenza emarekhodini aphathelene nokuzwa eqenjini lezikhulu kunikeza izithiyo eziyingqayizivele, kusukela ohlwini lwezincwadi kuya olimini olukhethekile olusetshenziswa yiSishaya - mthetho. Amasu okuthuthukisa ukuxazulula lezinselele ayolondoloza isikhathi futhi athuthukise izinga lokucwaninga kwakho.

Ukutholakala kwevolumu kanye nokuxhumana kwezinombolo

Ukuzwa ibhodi elilodwa kungaphatha amakhulu-makhasi, futhi isihloko esikhulu se-gional singahlanganisa ukuzwa okuningi. Ukuphatha lokhu, sebenzisa umsebenzi wokuseshwa ngaphakathi kwe-PDF noma i-SCR ukugxumela amagama akhethekile. Funda umbiko wekomiti kuqala ukuphenya ukuze unqume ukuthi ikuphi ukuzwa okubaluleke kakhulu. Uma uzwa, qaphela ukuthi ama-rectation amadala angahlolwa njengezithombe, okwenza umbhalo uhlolwe kuphela ngophawu lokubona. Izinga le-OCRCR lihluka; amanye amabhukwana avela kuma-1960 nangaphambi kwalokho angase abe namaphutha. Ezimweni ezinjalo, sebenzisa umsebenzi wokuphenya ukuze uthole ingxenye odingayo ngesandla.

Ukuqonda Ulimi Nezinqubo ZeKomiti

Amagama e-Congress agcwele i-procedal jagon: “imvume e-procedal,”“ isibonakaliso,” "i-germanip,” Ngaphambi kokuba uqale, hlola ukugqamisa amagama e-coration (i-Library of Congress inengxenye ye-nophone). Futhi funda imihlangano yegama: ukuzwa kungabizwa ngokuthi “ukuzwa kuH.R. 1234,” kodwa inani lemali lingase lishintshe phakathi nenqubo. Uma uhlola, sebenzisa kokubili inani lemibambo nezihloko ezidumile. Uma uzwa uyingxenye ye-nothina, ukuphenya igama. UDon’t’ungazinaki ukuna kwezindlebe, okuvame ukuhlanganisa ukuhlolelwa, izifundo, nemibiko.

Ukuhlolwa Kwendaba: Ukusebenzisa Amarekhodi Ezindlebe Ukuze Ufunde I - agency Yokuvikela Indawo Ezungezile Eseminyakeni Yokuqala

Ukubonisa lenqubo, cabangela umsebenzi wokucwaninga ocatshangelwayo ngokwakhiwa kwe-Evironmental Protection Agency (EPA) ngo-1970. Umcwaningi angaqala ngokuhlola [[FLT: 0].Gov we-“Environmental Protection Agency” kanye no-“1970. Lokhu kuhlola kubuyisa ukuzwa okuningi eKomitini yeSishayamthetho yemisebenzi kahulumeni ne House Committension on Governmenters. Ukufunda izinkulumo ezilungiselelwe zofakazi abayinhloko njengoWilliam Ruckshaus (umphathi wokuqala we-EPA) noMphathi we-Dinsell wembula izinselele zokulawula nokukhipha izinhlangano zezombangazwe. [i-Pucenst] i-Punces.[2]

Isiphetho

Amarekhodi ezindlebe ze-Congress athengwa kakhulu abacwaningi bezemfundo, anikeza ubufakazi obungakhanyisi, obungalungiseki bokuthi uhulumeni wase-U.S. unquma, futhi uqondisa kanjani. Noma ungumfundi othweswe iziqu obhala umbiko wenqubo yempilo, i-arhente ephansi yokuhlola amahlazo aseWatergate, noma ukubheka okusemthethweni kwezezombangazwe, lezi zincwadi zinikeza ukujula negunya elilinganayo negunya elikhona nezinye imithombo embalwa ekwaziyo. Ngokucubungula amarekhodi okuthola, ukucubunga, nokuphawula amarekhodi okuzwa ngokuqonda imingcele yayo, ungaphakamisa ukucwaninga kwakho futhi unikeze ukuqonda okunengqondo ensimini yakho. Ukusetshenziswa kwale khono nokukhokha inzuzo kuveza inzuzo kunoma iziphi izindlela ezisembusweni zikahulumeni nokwembukwayo.