Okwenza Ukuba Nengxenye Ngokwenani Kube Yizinto Ngaphezu Kwanoma Ikuphi

Ukubalwa kwabantu okungokonyaka kuwumsuka wesigaba sentando yeningi nezindawo ezilinganayo. Kunquma ukuthi izigidi zezigidi zamadollar ezimali ezixhaswa uhulumeni zihanjiswa kanjani ezikoleni, ezibhedlela, ezindleleni, nasezinkonzweni eziphuthumayo. Kubuye kulololonga futhi ukumelelwa kwezombangazwe kuzo zonke izinga likahulumeni. Kodwa ukufinyelela izibalo eziphelele nezinembile kuseyinselele. Izinga eliphansi lokuthatha iqhaza elisezingeni lokuthatha i-̬ ikakhulukazi phakathi kwemiphakathi kwezindawo ezibaliwe ezikhona ngokwezezwe ̬ iskanemente futhi iholele eminyakeni yemithombo engafaneleki. Yilapho amathuluzi okungasetshenziswa kokwaziswa enziwa khona. Ngokuguqula izinombolo ezithathelwa phambili ukuba khona ukuze kubonakale, ungenza imiphumela ephawulekayo yokwabalwa futhi ephuthumayo kokubili isinqumo nomphakathi.

Ukuqonda Amathuluzi Okubona Imininingwane

Amathuluzi okubona i-software noma imitapo yezincwadi eguqula imininingwane eyinkimbinkimbi ibe yimiboniso. Le mifanekiso i-̬ ihlanganise amashadi, amabalazwe, ama-menu, agraphics, kanye namabhodi abonisa izimpawu zesivumelwano ̬ ivumela izibukeli ukuba ziqonde ngokushesha imiklamo, izimbobo, izimo zengqondo, nobuhlobo obungase bungabonakali emikhawulweni yendizansi. Uma zisetshenziswa ekubaleni ukwaziswa okuthathelwanayo, lamathuluzi angaqokomisa ukuhlukahlukani kwezindawo, izikhala, izikhala, kanye nethonya langempela lemizamo yesithembiso. Amathuluzi avamile asuka eshadini elilula (Excel, Google) ezindaweni ezikhethekile njenge-tafile, i-Mercester, i-BI, ne-octives-osemtaireal njenge D3. noma i-Py &817; i-flotlet yesihluthulelo sakho sakho esisetshenziswa nge-semicisho esetshenziswa nge-'inquel.

Okwenza Ukuba Izibonakaliso Kusebenze Ekuxhumaneni Kwamanani

Ubuchopho bomuntu busebenzisa ukwaziswa okubonayo ngokushesha kakhulu kunombhalo. Ibalazwe elihlelwe kahle elibonisa amazinga okusabela ngokwenani labantu ngepheshana lokubala abantu lingadlulisela umyalezo ngemizuzwana obungathatha izigaba ukuchaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibonakaliso zibangela ukusabela okungokomzwelo: i-choropleth ebomvu neblue ethambile ingabangela ukukhathazeka ngesifunda esinesilinganiso esingu-30% sokuhlanganyela, kuyilapho ukuthatha igalelo lokuthatha iqhaza kunganikeza ithemba. Ngokuhlanganisa ukunemba imininingwane ngokunxusa kokubona, ungashukumisa abaholi bomphakathi, izinhlangano zezezimali, nezakhamuzi ngokwazo ukuba zithathe isinyathelo.

Izinyathelo Zokwakha Ukubona Ngokwalokho Okubonakala Kusengqondweni

Ukwakha imininingwane ebonisa ukubaluleka kokubala abantu kudinga indlela ehlelwe kahle. Ngezansi uhlelo oluhambisana nokuqamba okuqinile nokucacile kwendaba.

Hlakulela Ukwaziswa Okunokwethenjelwa Nokungafihlisi

Qalisa ngemithombo enegunya. I-Census Bureau yase-U.S. ikhipha amazinga e-remponsose, i-openstese elandela imininingwane, kanye nezibalo ezingokomlando ezihlanganyelayo esifundazweni, esifundeni, ephethini, naseqenjini lamabhange. Sebenzisa amazinga Census API] noma izilinganiso ezihlangene ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amanani akho akhona akhona futhi anembile. Izibonelo zomhlaba wonke, amahhovisi amaningi ezibalo zezizwe anikeza ukwaziswa okuvula. Ngokucophelela: susa okuphindaphindeka, amagama avamile, futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi amazinga okuhlanganyela amanani ezindawo zokuhlala abalelwa (isibonelo., isilinganiso senani lezindawo ezisabela ngokuhambisana nengqikithi).

Khetha uhlobo olufanele lokubona isigijimi sakho

Akuwona wonke amehlo afanele ukuqondwa.

  • Ibalazwe le-coropleth [ ... #812; ingcono kakhulu ukubonisa ukuhluka kwezwe emalinganisweni okuthatha isinyathelo (umz., amapheshana angaphansi kuka-50%).
  • amashadi obhar ̬ alungele ukuqhathanisa ukuthatha isinyathelo phakathi kwamaqembu amanani abantu (isikhathi, uhlanga, iholo).
  • Amashadi elayini ̬ aphumelela ekuboniseni ukuthambekela emijikelezweni eminingi yokubala noma amafasitela omkhankaso.
  • Amapulani ahlukanisayo ̬ awusizo ekuhloleni ukuhlangana (umz., phakathi kokufinyelela kolwembu lwe-inthanethi kanye nokuzifaka ngokwakho).
  • 'Ulwazi olubhalwe ngamagama' [#812]; hlanganisa imifanekiso emincane eminingi nombhalo ukuze uchaze indaba emfushane yezokuxhumana.

Uma ungabaza, qala ngebalazwe noma ngebalazwe elilula, ukulibhala ngokweqile lingadida izilaleli zakho.

3. Qesha imilayezo eyisihluthulelo ngobuchwepheshe bokuklama

Sebenzisa umbala, amalebula, kanye namazwana ukuze uqondise ukunakekela. Ngokwesibonelo, sebenzisa udwebo lombala olunyukelayo (umz., olubomvu ukuya-kuthatha-luhla) ukudweba izifunda eziphansi neziphakeme ezihlanganyela kuzo). Faka umcibisholo ophumayo epheshaneni ngesilinganiso esiphansi kakhulu nempompompompo emfushane: “ i- 34% kuphela yemikhaya ephendule lapha i̶ incishiswa i-RCRLM ngemali ewumbuso. ̵[#821]; Gwema imiphumela engadingekile yesithathu noma izigaba ezihlobisayo.

4. I - “booker ” Esakazeka

Imininingwane ngaphandle komongo umsindo. Yakha ucingo lwendaba: qala ngokubonisa izinga lokuhlanganyela kwesizwe sonke, bese ubhobozela phansi ngokwehlukana kwezifunda, bese uqokomisa indaba yempumelelo lapho ukufinyelela okuqondiswe kuyo kwathuthukisa khona umkhankaso ophansi we-sponse. Sebenzisa ama-million amancane ukubonisa ngaphambi-nangemva kwezenzakalo. Gcina izihloko ezifingqiwe zifingqiwe futhi ziphinde zizwane ngokomzwelo. Isibonelo: ̴ lapho lesikhungo somphakathi siqala umkhankaso wokuvala ikhefu, izinga lokusabela lakhuphuka amaphuzu angu-28. ”

5. Saba Ngaphesheya Kweziteshi Ukuze Kufinyelelwe Isilinganiso Esikhulu

Ukwethaba kwakho okubonayo kumafomethi amaningi: Thumela i-PNGs yemidiya ye-social media, i-HTML widgets zewebhusayithi, kanye nama-relution aphezulu e-PDF ukuze kubekwe izinqumo ezimfushane zenkambiso. I-stable Public i-stable [ imihume noma ihlanganyele nge-Twitter imicu exhunyiwe nge-dishboard. Inhloso iwukuba nezindawo ezingenisa izibonakancane.

Izibonelo Zezwe Langempela Zokubalwa Ezihlanganyela Ekuboneni

Nazi izibonelo ezintathu ezibonisa amandla okubona izinto eziklanywe kahle.

Isibonelo 1: I - Census Bureau ’ i - Refession rate mepu

Phakathi ne-2020 Census, i-Bureau yakhipha ibalazwe elisebenzayo elishintshwe nsuku zonke ngenani lokuziveza ngokwayo emapheshaneni. Amabalazwe avezwa ngokushesha njengeNew York Times ne ne FiveThighight [[FLTY:3] [i-FLT]] isebenzisa le mininingwane ukuze adale izindaba zayo siqu. Ibalazwe laveza ngokushesha ukuthi izindawo ezicebile zasemaphandleni zazinengxenye ephakeme kuyilapho izifunda emaphandleni asemaphandleni nezakhiwe ngaphansi kwedolobha zisendaweni e-fushayekile. Lokhu kucaca komhlaba kwavumela amaKomiti eSibalo esiphelele ukuba ahlele imithombo ye-̬ iziteshi zamabhulo eziphendulayo ngaphansi kwe-40%. Ibalazwe ngokwalo laba ithuluzi lokulandisa izakhamuzi: lalingaphendula futhi lizibone ukuthi izakhamuzi ezihlala kuyo.

Isibonelo 2: Umphumela Wezithiyo Zolimi

Iqembu elingafaki nzuzo lisebenzisa ishadi lebhadi elifuthiwe ukuze libonise ukuthi ukuthatha iqhaza ekubaleni abantu phakathi kwemikhaya ekhuluma isiNgisi kwakuphansi ngamaphesenti angu-18 kunemikhaya ekhuluma isiNgisi edolobheni elifanayo. Ngokubeka ishadi likaphaya lezilimi ezinhlanu eziphezulu ezikhulunywa kuleyo mikhaya, labeka icala elicacile ngezincwadi ezibhalwe ngezilimi eziningi. Ukuthweswa kombono kwanikezwa embuthweni wedolobha futhi kwabangela ukuba kunikezwe imali engaphezulu yemali emalini yemisebenzi yokuhumusha kanye nabadwebi bezilimi ezimbili.

Isibonelo 3: Ukuthambekela Kobude Esifundazweni Sasemaphandleni

Isifunda sasemaphandleni e-Midwest sasebenzisa ishadi le-axis elimbaxambili ukuze kuqhathaniswe inani labantu abathatha igalelo kusukela ngo 2000 kuya ku-2020 nemali kahulumeni efunyenweyo. Ishadi labonisa ukuhlangana okuqondile: iminyaka nokuhlanganyela okukhulu (ngaphezu kuka- 78%) okuletha izigidi ezengeziwe zezezezezezezezezezezezezezeze zezemfundo yezenhlalakahle nezokwelapha. Ukubona kwahlanganyelwa emihlanganweni yasedolobheni kanye namaphepha-zincwadi endawo, okuholela ekuvoti yemoto yokuvota ethatha isikhathi sokuqaphela ukubala.

Izindlela Zobuchwepheshe Ezithuthukile Zokuqonda Okujulile

Uma usuwajwayele amashadi ayisisekelo, cabangela izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe ezingaveza izindlela ezifihlekile futhi ziqinise impikiswano yakho.

Amabhodi Ashayisanayo

Amabhodi avumela abasebenzisi ukuba bahlunge ngezwe, inani labantu, noma isikhathi. Ngokwesibonelo, i-stametau dashboard ingavumela umsebenzisi akhethe isimo sakhe futhi abone ngokushesha ukuthi isifundazwe sakubo sifana kanjani nabanye ngokwenani lokusabela, kanye nezihloko ezichaza imiphumela yezimali kumuntu ngamunye. Izakhi ezisizanayo zikhulisa ukuthembisana futhi zivumele ababambi bemininingwane ngokwayo, bakhe ukwethembana.

Izincwadi Ezincane Eziningi Nezashadi Ezibheke Phansi

Esikhundleni seshadi elilodwa eligcwele imfucumfucu, sebenzisa amaqoqo amancane ukuze ubonise ukuthatha isinyathelo ngeminyaka eminingi phakathi kwezifunda ezingu-50. Lendlela inciphisa umthwalo wobuchopho futhi igcizelela ngokushesha. I-grid yamashadi amancane angu-50, ngalinye elidwetshwe ngesimiso esingaguquki, ingaveza ukuthi abantu abadala bathambekele ekubeni nenani eliphakeme lokusabela i-̬ okuthola ukuthi kungasiza ekutholeni ukufinyelelwa kwemishini eshayo.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwamachashaza Ashisayo EGeospatial

Sebenzisa amathuluzi afana ne-QGIS noma i-ArcGIS Online ukuze udale amabalazwe ashisayo abonisa iqoqo elibalulekile lokuhlanganyela okuphansi. La mabalazwe angakhomba i-#8220; amabalazwe ahlangeneyo ̵ lapho ukubalwa kwabantu okungangeni epenini. Ukuxhumana ibalazwe elishisayo ngeshadi elilula elibonisa ibalazwe laleyondawo (umzk., inani eliphakeme labaqashali, i-internentanet) kunikeza isiqinisekiso esinamandla sokutshala imali ku-perfonsonion nasemikhankameleni yomnyango-mnyango.

Imikhuba Emihle Kakhulu Yokuxhumana Nokubona Ubalo

Ungahluleka ngisho neshadi elihle kakhulu uma lingaklanywanga ukuze liqondise izilaleli.

Yenza Ukuphila Kube Lula, Benze Balula

Umfanekiso owodwa kufanele udlulisele ulwazi olulodwa oluyinhloko. Gwema ukugcwalisa amashadi ngochungechunge lwemininingwane eminingi kakhulu noma amalebula egama elidlulele. Uma ufuna ukubonisa ukuhlangana okuhlukahlukene, yenza uchungechunge lwezithombe kunokuyi - graph enomthwalo omningi. Sebenzisa imibala ehlanzekile, emincane kakhulu (umz., izinhlelo zemibala ebanzi) futhi uqinisekise ukuthi yonke imibhalo ifundeka ngobukhulu bezilaleli zakho (isib. 12, ukulingana ngemigangatho yamaslide, 16 ukulingana nezithombe zezokuxhumana).

Indima Nezikhombo

Njalo faka umsuka womugqa nosuku. Ngokwesibonelo: “ Umss: U-U.S Censurenial Bureau, 2020 Censues Self-Response Data, evuselelwe ka-April 15, 2020. ̵[[FL:1] Uma ukubukeka kwakho kuhlanganisa izilinganiso noma izikhawu zephutha, phawula. Lokhu kwakha ukwethenjelwa futhi kuvumela izilaleli zakho ukuqinisekisa imniningo.

Sebenzisa Amachashaza Ukuze Ulandise Lendaba

Amachashaza awumehluko phakathi kweshadi elibonisa ukwaziswa kanye neliyichazayo. Faka isikhala esisesigabeni esiphansi kakhulu: “ Ngu-45% kuphela kuleli pheshana i-— ukwehla okukhulu kakhulu esifundeni sesifunda. ̶ [[FL:1] noma ukudweba umcibisholo emgqeni: “ Responned ngemva kwemeyard ye-’ isimessagezo senkonzo yasobala. ̵[521;[FLT] Lemibhalo emincane iqondisa umboni noqinisa umyalezo wakho.

Hlola Ngesampula

Ngaphambi kokuba unikeze umphakathi umbono, bonisa iqembu elincane elimelela izilaleli ozihlosile. Libuze ukuthi libonani, yimiphi imibuzo, imizwelo abanayo. Uma liyithatha kabi ishadi noma lihluleka ukuqonda isihluthulelo sokulithatha, libukeze umklamo. Ukuhlolwa kubucayi ikakhulukazi lapho likhuluma ngezindaba ezibucayi njengohlanga noma iholo, lapho ukuhlanekezelwa kwemibono okungaqeda khona ukwethembana.

Ukunqoba Izinselele Ezivamile Ekutholeni Imininingwane Yokubala

Ukusebenza ngokwaziswa kokubala kunikeza izithiyo eziyingqayizivele. Lapha i’ ichaza indlela yokubhekana nazo.

Ukubhekana Nokucindezelwa Kwemininingwane Neminyango Yephutha

Izindawo ezincane ezisendaweni ethile, iCensus Bureau icindezela ukwaziswa noma imibiko enezinhlangothi eziphezulu zephutha ukuze ivikele amathuba ezindaba zomuntu siqu. Yamukela lokhu kulinganiselwa kwe-operation ’ umbhalo waphansi. Cabangela ukudlulisa ukwaziswa ngezinga elikhulu (umz., isifunda esikhundleni sepheshana) uma izingqimba zephutha zinkulu kakhulu. Sebenzisa ukubonakala emabalazweni ukubonisa izindawo lapho izibalo zingathembeki kakhulu khona.

Ukusingatha Ukuzwela Kwezombangazwe

Kungaba nokuthatha igalelo okuphansi ngokwezombangazwe, ikakhulukazi uma kwembula ukunganakwa kwezimiso zemiphakathi ethile. Ukubona kwakho njengokungathathi hlangothi, izingcingo zobufakazi ezisekelwe ekuthatheni isinyathelo kunokuba usolwe. Sebenzisa ulimi olunjenge “ areas ezinemithombo emincane & #821; esikhundleni se [[FLT:] ̴ imiphakathi esebenzayo. ”[FLT] i-enumsne nezinhlangano zendawo ezithenjwayo ukuba zikhombe ukwaziswa, ezinganciphisa ukwenqaba.

Ukuthola Ukutholakala

Akuwona wonke amalungu ezilaleli akwazi ukubona imibala noma ukufunda umbhalo omuhle. Sebenzisa imiklamo (ukudweba, ukufushanisa) ngaphezu kombala wokwehlukanisa izigaba emabalazweni nasemashadini. Nikeza ezinye izincazelo zombhalo kuzo zonke izithombe ezibekwe kuyi-intanethi. Kuwo wonke amabhodi abonisanayo, qinisekisa ukusebenziseka kwe-keyboard nokuhambelana kokufunda i-screens. Umgomo ukwenza ukubaluleka kokuhlanganyela ngokubala kubonakale kuwo wonke umuntu.

Ukulinganisa Umphumela Womkhankaso Wakho Wokubona

Ukubonisa ukuthi imizamo yakho yokubona iyasebenza, izihloko ze-metrics. Sebenzisa i-URL efingqiwe enezilinganiso zomkhankaso ukuze ubone ukuthi bangaki abantu abachofoza kusuka esiposweni sezokuxhumana kuya ebhodini lezokuxhumana elibonisayo. Abenzi bezimiso zokuhlolwa ngaphambi nangemva kokubheka amehlo akho ukuze bahlole ushintsho ekuqondeni noma enhloso yokuthatha isinyathelo. Ukufica kwezengosi yezokuhlola nokusakaza izinhlelo zezenhlalakahle kuhlanganyela. Ukukhululwa kwamehlo okunamazinga okuzibala ngokwawo (umz., ngokusebenzisa ukuphendula kwe-Crepedia amaphuzu e-ast Bureaulters messages). Ukuncipha kokusebenza okusha kwansuku zonke ngemva komkhankaso kungabonisa ukusebenza kokuxhumana.

Isiphetho: Ukubona Isilinganiso Esingcono Sawo Wonke Umuntu

Ukubalwa kuyindlela yokulawula ngolwazi, kodwa amandla ayo axhomeke ekuhlanganyeleni ngokugcwele. Amathuluzi okubona anikeza indlela engenakuqhathaniswa yokuhumusha izibalo ezingabonakali zize zithathwe emsebenzini ophoqelelwe. Ngokuqoqa imininingwane enembile, ukudweba imifanekiso ecacile elandisayo, nokuyisakaza kabanzi, ungashukumisa kokubili abenzi bemithetho ukuba bahlele ukuba abantu babalwe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumsekeli wenzuzo, umhlaziyi wemininingwane kahulumeni, noma umlobeli wezindaba, amasu adwetshwe lapha azokukubonisa ukuthi kungani wonke umuntu ethatha ibalazwe elilula. Ukuqala ngebala noma ishadi elilodwa, ukulingameva kwakho, futhi izibalo ezilandelayo zihlala ziseduze nekhoneni i-&82; futhi ukwaziswa okuthiwazisayo namuhla ungasho ukubumba imithombo yemali nohlobo lwezwe.

Ukuze ufunde okwengeziwe ngokuthola ukwaziswa nokubona okuhle kakhulu, cabangela imithombo ethatha i- U.S. Census Bureau ̱ isiqondiso sokuhlela ne Comment qualing Viz project, enikeza izibonelo zezinhlobo zeshadi zezakhiwo zokwaziswa ezihlukahlukene.