Ubuhlobo phakathi kokuthatha izinyathelo zokubonana nokubusa kwentando yeningi buye badonsa ukunaka okukhula kubenzi bezimiso, izazi, nezinhlangano zomphakathi emhlabeni wonke. Njengoba ohulumeni bebhekene nokwehla kwethemba komphakathi kanye nezidingo ezikhulayo zokulandisa, ukubonakala kuvele njengensika eyinhloko yokuguqula idemokrasi. Kodwa ingabe izinyathelo zokubona izinto eqinisweni ziqinisa ukubusa kwentando yeningi, noma zimane ziyizimo ezingokomfanekiso? Lokhu kuhlola okunwetshiwe kuhlola izinqubo, imiphumela, izinselele, kanye neziqondiso zesikhathi esizayo zokubona ngendawo engaphandle, okudwebela ebufakazini nasekwembusweni embulungeni yonke nezindlela eziwusizo.

Ukuqonda Izinyathelo Zokubona Ingaphandle

Izindlela zokubonisana zihlanganisa izinqubo eziningi, izinqubo zomthetho, nemikhuba yezinhlangano eklanyelwe ukwenza izenzo zikahulumeni, izinqumo, kanye nokwaziswa okuvulekile futhi okufinyelelwe emphakathini. Lezi zinyathelo zisekelwe esimisweni sokuthi izakhamuzi zinelungelo lokwazi ukuthi zisebenza kanjani ohulumeni bazo, ukuthi iziphi izinto zomphakathi zisetshenziswa kanjani, nokuthi izinqumo ezithinta ukuphila kwazo zenziwa kanjani.

Izinyathelo zokubona ngale zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko, ngayinye ifeza imisebenzi ehlukile esimisweni sentando yeningi:

Vula uhlelo lwemininingwane

Izinhlelo zokuvula izinhlelo zemininingwane zihlanganisa ukukhishwa kwemininingwane kahulumeni ebhalwe ngomshini, amafomethi angakwazi ukufundwa. Le zinhlelo zihlanganisa izindawo ezinjengezindleko zemali, izivumelwano zemali, imisebenzi yomphakathi, i-metary, nengaphezulu. Ohulumeni ababopha ukusungula imininingwane ebekwe emathekwini lapho izakhamuzi, izintatheli, abacwaningi, namabhizinisi zingathola khona, ukulayisha, nokuhlaziya ukwaziswa. [ Umthetho we-Romaster Stanshirtry [[, iqalwe ngo- 2011, i-ive i-injini enkulu yemidatha yokwaziswa evulekileyo ebanzi emazweni angaphezu kwangu-70.

Ukubika Ngomshini Womphakathi

Imishini yokubika yomphakathi idinga ukuba izinhlangano zikahulumeni zembule njalo ukwaziswa ngemisebenzi yazo, ukusebenza, nokusetshenziswa kwezimali zomphakathi. Lezi zingahlanganisa imibiko yaminyaka yonke, ukuhlolwa kwezincwadi, ukuhlolwa kwemiphumela, nokuhlelwa kwemishini. Amapulani okubika ama-Mandication, njenge-Pifferive Instres Reparency Initive (ETI), iphoqelela ohulumeni nezinkampani ukuba bakhiphe izindleko nezimali ezivela emvelweni yemvelo, ivumele izakhamuzi ukuba ziqinisekise ukuthi imithombo ikhona ngenzuzo yomphakathi.

Ukuhlanganyela Esakhamuzini

Amapulatifomu athembisene izakhamuzi akha iziteshi zokuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kukahulumeni nomphakathi. La mapulatifomu angathatha uhlobo lwezinqubo zokuhlela uhlelo lokuhlela, izinxulumani zomphakathi, izimiso zezicelo ze-inthanethi yomphakathi, namathuluzi okuthuthukisa asebenzisanayo. Ngokusiza izakhamuzi ukuba zinikeze ukufakwa ezinqumweni zikahulumeni, la mapulatifomu ahamba adlulele ngalé kolwazi oluthatha indawo eyodwa oluqondene ngendawo engcono kakhulu yokubusa kwentando yeningi.

Inkululeko Yolwazi

Inkululeko yokwaziswa (FOI), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-coripto-premistation-inscription, imisa ilungelo elingokomthetho lezakhamuzi ukuba zicele futhi zithole ukwaziswa okuvela kuziphathimandla zomphakathi. Amazwe angaphezu kuka 130 aye athatha umthetho we-FOI, ngamazinga ahlukahlukene okusetshenziswa nokugcinwa. Lemithetho idala izimiso zezakhamuzi ukuze zicele izincwadi ezithile, ukupheka, futhi igcine izinhlangano zilandisa ngokungavumelani.

Ukubaluleka Kokubona Izindawo Ngokubona Kahle Ebuthweni Lentando Yeningi

Ukubona ngale akuyona nje i-procedal featy; kuyimfuneko yokwakha ukuze kutholwe idemocratic. Izimiso zedemocratic zincike emvumeni eqondiswe oqondiswe ngolwazi, futhi imvume enjalo ayinakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuthola ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa mayelana nomsebenzi kahulumeni. Ukubona ngale ndlela kufeza imisebenzi eminingana ebalulekile esekela impilo yentando yeningi:

Ikhasi lokulandisa

Izindlela zokubona gcalulo zivumela izakhamuzi, imithombo yezindaba, nezinhlangano zokwengamela ukuba ziqaphele izenzo zikahulumeni nokufuna ukulandisa. Uma imisebenzi kahulumeni ifihlekile, inkohlakalo, nokungakhohliswa kungaphumelela ngaphandle kwemiphumela. Ngokudalula izinqumo zikahulumeni ukuze zihlolwe umphakathi, ukubonakala kwakha ithonya elivimbela ukuziphatha okubi futhi kunikeza isisekelo esisobala sezimiso zokulandisa njengendlela yokukhetha, amakha-spect, ama-ast, nokuhlola kokwahlulela. [[FLT: 0]] I-projectal Perceptions Index ibonisa njalo ukuthi i-examplotement phakathi kwamazinga aphezulu okukhanya kanye namazinga aphansi abonakala enkohlakalo.

Ukwethenjwa Umphakathi

Ukwethemba kuyimali yokubusa kwentando yeningi. Uma izakhamuzi zikholelwa ukuthi uhulumeni usebenza ngesithakazelo sazo nokuthi zingaqinisekisa ukushoshoza kukahulumeni, ukuthembela ezinhlanganweni kuyaqiniswa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusola nokungathembi kwezakhamizi, ukugxeka, nokulahla. Izenzo zokubonisa ukubheka phambili ziwuphawu lokuthi uhulumeni akanalutho okumelwe alufihle futhi uzimisele ukuthobela izenzo zakhe ekwahluleleni komphakathi. Loluphawu lungaba namandla kakhulu emongweni lapho ukwethemba kuye kwancishwa khona ukuxhaphazwa noma ukwehluleka kwezimiso.

Ukwazi Ukwakha Izakhamuzi

Intando yeningi ifuna izakhamuzi ezikwazi ukwenza izinqumo ngolwazi ngabameleli bazo, izinqubo zomphakathi, nokuhlanganyela komphakathi. Izinyathelo zokuhlola ukubheka phambili zifundisa izakhamuzi ngamalungelo azo, imisebenzi kahulumeni, kanye nemisebenzi yokuhweba efuze izakhamuzi ezisemthethweni wokukhetha inqubo. Uma izakhamuzi ziqonda ukuthi uhulumeni usebenza kanjani nokuthi ikuphi ukwaziswa ezikutholayo, zihlonyiselwe kangcono ukuhlaziya izimpikiswano zezombangazwe eziphikisanayo nokusekela izithakazelo zazo.

Ukuhlanganyela Namandla

Ukwaziswa okutholakalayo kukhuthaza ukubophana kwezakhamuzi ngokunciphisa imingcele ukuze zihlanganyele ngokugcwele. Izakhamuzi ezingathola ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa ngesikole sendawo, imisebenzi yezemisebenzi, noma izimo zendawo zisengozini enkulu yokuya emihlanganweni yomphakathi, ukujoyina amaqembu ayizigebengu, noma ukubalekela izikhundla ngokwazo. Ukubona gcawu kusebenza njengendlela yokuhlanganyela kakhulu kwentando yeningi, ukunika abantu nezindawo amandla okuthatha indima esebenzayo ekuthuthukiseni ukubusa kwabo.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo Zezinyathelo Zokubona Ingaphandle Eziphumelelayo

Ukuhlola izibonelo ezingokoqobo zokuthatha izinyathelo zokubonana kwezindawo ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zezizwe kusenza siqonde indlela lezi zinqubo ezisebenza ngayo nokuthi yiziphi izimo ezibangela ukuba ziphumelele.

ISweden: Isiko Elide Lokukhululeka

Inkululeko ye-Sweden yomthetho we-Press Act, esukela emuva ku-17666, ibhekwa kabanzi njengenkululeko yokuqala yomhlaba yomthetho wokwaziswa. Izakhamuzi zaseSweden zinelungelo lomthetho-sisekelo lokuthola izincwadi zikahulumeni, futhi iziphathimandla zomphakathi zidingeka ukuba zidlulisele ulwazi ngokuzimisela ngemisebenzi yazo. Lelisiko elide lokubona liye lafaka isandla ezikhundleni eziphakeme ze-Sweden ngokuqhubekayo embusweni yentando yeningi nasebukhohlakalweni bombuso. Izakhamuzi zaseSweden zibika amazinga aphakeme okuthemba ezinhlanganweni zikahulumeni, futhi zisebenza ngokulindele ukuthi izenzo zazo zihlolwe umphakathi.

INew Zealand: I - Open Data Reader

I-New Zealand ivele ingumholi wembulunga yonke wemininingwane evulekile nesebenzayo. I-Open Data Programme ka-2014, iye yenza ukuba kutholakale izinkulungwane zemininingwane nge-data.govt.nz, ehlanganisa izindawo ezinjengezibalo zezomnotho, ukugada indawo ezungezile, impilo yomphakathi, nemfundo. Uhulumeni waseNew Zealand uye wamukela futhi iSimemezelo soMbuso we-Open Data noHulumeni obonisa ukukhanya, ozimisele ukunyathelisa ukwaziswa okuphakeme kwenani ngokwaziswa ngokwephutha. Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi lezi zinyathelo zindise izivumelwano zezakhamuzi ngemininingwane kahulumeni futhi zenze izinhlelo zokuthunyelwa kwenkonzo nezimiso zezenkambiso.

ENingizimu Korea: Ukubuyiselwa Kukahulumeni Wezinombolo

Inyathelo lokuthatha i-e-Government ye-South Korea limelela omunye wemizamo yokubona izibalo ebanzi kakhulu emhlabeni. Isimiso sezwe se-Online Procedrections for Civil Applications livumela izakhamuzi ukuba zilandele isimo sokusebenzelana kwazo nezinhlangano zikahulumeni esikhathini sangempela, zinciphise amathuba enkohlakalo nokulibala. Isimiso se-OPEN yaseNingizimu Korea, sasungulwa ngasekupheleni kwawo-1990, saklanyelwa ngokukhethekile ukwandisa ukubonakala komasipala ezimisweni zokuvumela nokulungisa imishini. Izinhlelo zalezi zimiso ziye zaphawula ukuncipha kokonakala nentuthuko ekuthakazelweni kwezakhamuzi ngezinkonzo zikahulumeni.

EBrazil: Ukunika Izakhamuzi Igunya Ngokuthola Ulwazi

I-Brazil’s Access to Information Law (Law 12.527), eyamiswa ngo-2011, yamisa uhlelo olubanzi lwezicelo zezakhamuzi kuziphathimandla kuwo wonke amazinga kahulumeni. Umthetho wakha izibopho zokuzithululela, izintambo zezikhathi ezimisiwe zokuphendula izicelo, futhi wamisa inqubo yokunxusa ukuphika. Ukufakwa komthetho kuye kwasekelwa yizinhlangano zomphakathi eziqeqesha izakhamuzi ngendlela yokusebenzisa isimiso nokuzigcina. Nakuba izinselele zihlala ngokwezimiso ezivumelanayo, umthetho uye wanika izakhamuzi zase-Brazil amandla okuthola ukwaziswa okuphathelene nemithetho yezindawo ezilawulwa indawo ezungezile.

Estonia: Ukubona Imibala Njengendlela Yesizwe

Uhlelo lwezinombolo ze-Estonia lokubona, olwakhiwe e-X-Road, lwenze izwe laba isibonelo sokushintshana kokwaziswa komphakathi. Izakhamuzi zase-Estonia zingathola amarekhodi azo kahulumeni, zibone ukuthi yiziphi izikhulu eziye zawafinyelela lawo marekhodi, futhi zenza cishe zonke izithengiselo zikahulumeni ku-inthanethi. Ukukhanya okukhiwe ezingeni lezezisekelo ze-Estonia kuye kwanezela emazingeni aphakeme okuthenjwa komphakathi nokuhanjiswa kwenkonzo ephumelelayo, kuyilapho futhi kunciphisa amathuba okonakala ngokudala indlela elandelanayo yonke imisebenzi kahulumeni.

Izinselele Zokusetshenziswa Kwezindlela Zokubona Ingaphandle

Naphezu kwezinzuzo ezigciniwe zokuthatha izinyathelo zokubona ukukhanya, ngokuvamile ukusungula izinhlelo kubhekana nezithiyo ezinkulu.

Ukumelana Neziphathimandla

Izikhulu zikahulumeni zingamelana nemizamo yokubona ngokucacile ngenxa yokwesaba ukuhlolwa, ukuchayeka kokungaqondi kahle, noma ukulahlekelwa amandla. Izisebenzi zomphakathi eziye zasebenza ngezimiso ezifiphele zingabheka ukubonakala ngaphandle kobuso begunya lazo noma njengokuzifaka ekusebenzeni kwazo. Kwezinye izimo, ukwenqaba kuthatha uhlobo lokungasheshi, njengokusabela okuthatha kancane ekufuneni ukwaziswa noma ukukhutshwa kokwaziswa ngamafomethi angasebenziseki. Abaholi bezombangazwe bangase futhi bamelane nokubona bhabha uma bezuza ekwazisweni okuzivumela ukuba basakaze abaxhasi noma bagweme ukulandisa.

Ukuntuleka Kwemithombo Yengcebo Nekhono

Ukusebenzisa izindlela zokubonana kudinga ukuqongelela izimali, ezobuchwepheshe, nemithombo yabantu. Ohulumeni kumelwe bafake imali ezimisweni zokwaziswa, izakhiwo zemishini, izinhlelo zohlelo lokuqeqesha, kanye nezindlela zokwengamela ukuze benze umsebenzi wokubona ube ngokuphumelelayo. Ezimisweni ezizingisiwe, lokhu kutshala izimali kungaba nzima ukusekela, ikakhulukazi uma kubonakala kwezinye izinto eziza kuqala njengezempilo, imfundo, noma izakhiwo. Ngisho nasemazweni acebile, izinhlangano zingantula ikhono lobuchwepheshe lokunyathelisa ukwaziswa ngamafomende atholakalayo noma ukwenza imiqulu emikhulu yezicelo zolwazi.

Ukunganaki Nokwehluleka Komphakathi

Izindlela zokuvula imibala ziphumelela kuphela uma izakhamuzi zisebenzisa ukwaziswa okunikezwa zona. Nokho, ukunganaki komphakathi, ukuqapha okuphansi, nokuncintisana nesikhathi sezakhamuzi kungalinganisela ithonya lemizamo yokubona ngaphandle. Ngisho noma ukwaziswa kukhishwa, izakhamuzi zingantula amakhono obuchwepheshe noma ulwazi olusekelwe kumongo oludingekayo ukuze zikuchaze ngokunengqondo. Leligebe phakathi kwenani lokwaziswa nesibopho sezakhamuzi liyinselele enkulu kubasekeli bokubona kukhanya futhi lisikisela ukuthi izinyathelo zokubona ukukhanya kumelwe zihlanganiswe nemfundo yomphakathi kanye nemizamo yokukhipha.

Ukwehlukana Kwezobuchwepheshe Namanani

Ukufinyelela kobuchwepheshe akunambuyiselo phakathi nakuwo wonke amazwe, kwakha amagebhu enombolo angalulaza ukubonakala kwezindlela zokubona. Izakhamuzi ezisemaphandleni, abantu abadala, abantu abathola imali encane, nemiphakathi encishisiwe kungaba nokungena okulinganiselwe kuyi-nethinethiweki noma imishini edingekayo ukuze kungene amapulatifomu okubona ngakuwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulwazi olukhishwa ngolimi olulodwa noma kuma-fonethi ayinkimbinkimbi lungahlanganisa izikhulumi nabantu abangafundile. Ukuyala lemingcele kudinga amasu asebenzayo ukufinyelela emizini egciniwe egciniwe, njengemitatsheni yomphakathi ekhululekile, iziteshi zomphakathi, iziteshi zomphakathi, iziteshi, imisakazo yemishi, kanye nezixhumo zobudolo-makhale.

Izithiyo Ezingokomthetho Nezombangazwe

Inkululeko yemithetho yokwaziswa kanye nokugunyazwa kokubonana kungancishiswa ngokukhulula okukhulu, izinqubo eziqinile zokuphoqelela, nokuphazamisa kwezombangazwe. Ohulumeni bangahlela ukwaziswa njengokunemininingwane noma njengokuyimfihlo ngaphandle kokuzithethelela okwanele, noma bafake izimali eziqeda izicelo zokwaziswa. Kuhulumeni wobuphoqelelo noma we-projectal, izinyathelo zokubona ngalé zingasetshenziswa njengezinto ezikhanyisa amafasitela kuyilapho ukubusa okungokoqobo kuhlala kuqinile futhi kungacaci. Igebe phakathi kwezibopho zokukhanya nokusetshenziswa kwemininingwane yangempela iyinselele eqhubekayo emazweni amaningi.

Indima Yobuchwepheshe Ekuqhubeni Ithuba Lokubona Okusobala

Ubuchwepheshe buye baba yisici esinamandla sokuthatha izinyathelo zokubona, ukunikeza amathuluzi amasha okuqoqa ukwaziswa, ukusakaza, ukuhlaziya, nokuthembisana kwezakhamuzi. Uma busetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo, ubuchwepheshe bungandisa kakhulu izinga nethonya lemizamo yokubona ngaphandle.

Iziteshi Zokwaziswa Ne - AP

Ama-state kahulumeni avula i-metal ye-state, njenge-Data.gov e-United States, i-data.gov.uk e-United Kingdom, kanye namapulatifomu afanayo emhlabeni wonke, kunikeza ukutholakala okuphakathi kwezinkulungwane zemininingwane kahulumeni. Ama-pakethe anikeza izinhlelo zokusebenza (Apple) ezivumela abathuthukisi, abacwaningi, nezintatheli ukuba bangenise uhlelo lokwaziswa ngendlela efanayo, benze ukudala amathuluzi ahambisana nemininingwane, ama-operations, kanye nezinhlelo zobuphini. World Bank i-Open Data Towert[FLT] inikeza isiqondiso sokufuna noma ukuthuthukisa i-data yabo.

Ukuxhumana Kwangempela Kwemithombo Yezindaba Nesikhathi

Izindawo zezenhlalo zenza ohulumeni bakwazi ukusakaza ukwaziswa ngokushesha, basebenzelane nezakhamuzi ngokuqondile, futhi baphendule imibuzo kanye nezinkathazo esikhathini sangempela. Phakathi nezimo eziphuthumayo, izinhlekelele zemvelo, noma izinhlekelele zempilo yomphakathi, imithombo yezokuxhumana ingaba umzila obalulekile wokuxhumana okusobala. Nokho, imithombo yezokuxhumana iveza izingozi, kuhlanganise nokusakazeka kwamagumbi okuhlola amanamese, nokusetshenziswa okuhlola uhulumeni. Ukusetshenziswa okunenzuzo kokuveza imithombo yezokuxhumana ukuze ibonakale idinga iziqondiso ezicacile, ukuqiniseka okuqinisekile, kanye nokuzimisela ukunemba okunembile.

Ukushaya kohlelo

Izinhlelo ezihambayo zinikeza izakhamuzi ukufinyelela okungcono ezinkonzweni zikahulumeni, ulwazi, kanye nezinqubo zokukhononda. Emazweni anamakhalekhukhwini aphezulu angenayo kodwa elinganiselwe i-inthanethi yolwembu jikelele, ama-apply angaba umkhondo oyinhloko wokuveza ingaphandle kanye ne-sakhamuzi. Izinhlelo ezivumela izakhamuzi ukuba zilandele isimo sezinhlelo zikahulumeni, zibike ngemisebenzi yomphakathi, noma ulwazi lwesikhathi sangempela ngemisebenzi kahulumeni luye lwathunyelwa ngemimo-mo-mqoka ehlukene, kusukela esimisweni se-Adaar ye-Indiya ukuya ku-Huduma i-Protform.

Ukuvimbela Nobuchwepheshe Obuqondisayo

Ubuchwepheshe beblockchain bunikeza amathuba okugcina amarekhodi okungangenwa hlangothi nokuthengiselana. Ohulumeni baye baqala ukuhlola izinhlelo zokubhalisa indawo, ukuthengwa komphakathi, ukuthunyelwa kwemikhondo, nezimiso zokuvota. Ukwakheka kokugcinwa kwezincwadi eziqinile kunganciphisa amathuba okukhwabanisa nokuxhaphaza, kuyilapho izakhiwo ezisakazwayo zinciphisa ukuthembela ezindaweni ezizimele zokulawula. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kwezivingconi nakho kubhekene nezinselele ezihlobene nokukwazi ukubhaka, ukusebenzisa amandla, ukuyinkimbinkimbi kwemisebenzi, nokulawula isakhiwo esingaphansi kwesisekelo.

Ukuhlakanipha Okuyenziwe Nokuhlolwa Ngokuzenzekelayo

Amathuluzi okwenziwa angathuthukisa ukubonakala kokukhanya ngokuhlola imiqulu emikhulu yokwaziswa kukahulumeni, ukuzwa izimpawu zenkohlakalo, kanye nokuveza ukufushaniswa kokwaziswa okuyinkimbinkimbi. Ama-al-aeverect ofemie angasiza izakhamuzi ukuba zisebenzise amawebhusayithi kahulumeni kanye namathekishi olwazi, kuyilapho amathuluzi okulungisa ulimi lwemvelo angaguqula imibhalo yobuchwepheshe ibhalwe ngolimi olucacile. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-AII ezinyathelo zokubona ngale ndlela kuphakamisa imibuzo engokobandlululo, ukulandisa, ukulandisa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithetho elawulayo ukuze kudlulisele ukulingana okukhona.

Ukulinganisa Umphumela Wabantu Abaqala Ukubona Imibala

Ukuhlola ngokunamandla izindlela zokubona ukukhanya kubalulekile ukuze siqonde ukuthi yini esebenzayo, ngaphansi kwezimo, nokuthi singathuthukisa kanjani imizamo yesikhathi esizayo. Kuye kwavezwa izinhlobonhlobo zemishini nohlelo lokuhlola ukuze kuhlolwe ithonya lokukhanya ekubuseni kwentando yeningi.

Ucwaningo Lokuthemba Umphakathi

Ukuhlolwa okuvamile okulinganisela ukuthembela kwezakhamuzi ezinhlanganweni zikahulumeni kunganikeza ngaphambi-kanye-ngemva kokuqhathanisa ukubonakala. I-OECD's Survey on the Drivers of Public Institutions, ngokwesibonelo, ihlanganisa imibuzo ephathelene nokukhanya okubonakalayo, ukufinyelela ulwazi, nokuqiniseka kuhulumeni. Ukulandelela lezi zinguquko phakathi kwesikhathi kungasiza ekuhloleni ukuthi izinyathelo zokubona ngale zihlolwe yini ukuthi zinezinyathelo ezihloselwe ukuthenjwa umphakathi.

Izindlela Zokuhlanganyela

Ukuhlola amazinga okuhlanganyela emisebenzini yomphakathi, njengokuxoxa nomphakathi, ukuhlelwa kwezindlela zokuhlela imali, nokucela ukwaziswa, kungabonisa ukuthi izinyathelo zokubonana zisiza izakhamuzi ngokuphumelelayo yini. Imithombo yezindaba enjengezingosi ze - Web site, imiqulu yokwaziswa ekopishwayo, ukuxhumana kwezezindaba, nokuba khona emihlanganweni yomphakathi kunikeza izimpawu ezibonisa ukuthembisana kwezakhamuzi okungatholakala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukufinyelela kwizibalo zolwazi

Ukulandelela inani lezicelo zokwaziswa ezitholwayo, eziqedwe, nezigcwalisiwe yizinhlangano zikahulumeni kunikeza isilinganiso esiqondile sokusetshenziswa kokubonakala. Ukuthatha isikhathi, isilinganiso sezicelo ezinikezelwe ngokugcwele noma ngokwengxenye noma ezinqatshwe ngokuphelele, kanye nokugcwala kwezicelo zonke kunikeza ukuqonda ukuthi inkululeko yezimiso zokwaziswa isebenza kahle kangakanani. Ukuqhathaniswa kwala ma-metric kungaveza imikhuba engcono nezinselele eziqhubekayo.

Ukonakala Nezimpawu Zokubusa

Izinguquko emazingeni enkohlakalo, njengoba zilinganiswa ngezimpawu ezinjenge-Transparency International’s Porase Perceptions Index noma i-World Bank’s World World Governance Digionaties, zingabonisa ithonya lezindlela zokubona ngaphandle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Nakuba ukuvumelana kungasho ukuhlukanisa, intuthuko eqhubekayo ekuboneni ukuthi ngokuvamile ihlobene nokwehla kwenkohlakalo. Izikhombo ezigwetshwe ngokwezinga eliphansi, njengezinyathelo zokwehla kwemali, ukuveza ukucaca, noma ukungqubuzana kwemithetho yenzuzo, kunganikeza izinqumiso eziningi ezibekelwe inzuzo.

Ukuhlola Icala

Ucwaningo lwezono oluhlola izinyathelo ezicacisiwe zokubona ngalé kokujula lungahlanganisa ukuhlelwa kokukhanya ngokukhanyisa izinqubo okuholela kuzo ekuqondiseni imiphumela engcono yokulawula. Izindlela zokuqondisa, izingxoxo nababheki-zimo zezinhlangano, nokuhlaziywa kwezinguquko zezinhlangano kungaveza indlela izindlela zokubonana ezisebenzelana ngayo nezinamandla ezombangazwe, amasiko enhlangano, kanye nomongo wezenhlalo ukuze kuveze imiphumela ethile.

Isiphetho

Izindlela zokubona ngokuzenzekelayo ziye zabonisa ukuthi zingaba namandla aphawulekayo okuqinisa ukubusa kwentando yeningi ngokuthuthukisa ukulandisa komphakathi, ukwakha ukuthembeka, ukutshela izakhamuzi, nokunikeza amandla okuhlanganyela. Ubufakazi obuvela emazweni ahlukene njenge-Sweden, i-New Zealand, i-South Korea, i-Brazil, ne-Estonia bubonisa ukuthi izinguquko zokubona ngalé zingenza intuthuko engcono ekubuseni nasekuneliseni kwezakhamuzi. Nokho, ithonya lokuthatha isinyathelo sokubona akuzenzakaleli. Ukuqeda izinselele ezihlanganisa ukumelana nemithetho yokumelana nempahla, ukunganakwa kwempahla, ukunganakwa kwasobala, ukuhlukana kwezobuchwepheshe, nezithiyo ezombangazwe kunganciphisa ngisho nezinguquko ezihambisana nezingahlelekile.

Izinyathelo zokubonana eziphumelela kakhulu yilezo ezifakwe phakathi kwezinguquko ezibanzi zokubusa kwentando yeningi, ezisekelwa yizimiso eziqinile zomthetho, ezinikezelwe ngokwanele, futhi ezihlangene nemizamo yomphakathi nemfundo. Ubuchwepheshe bunikeza amathuluzi anamandla okwandisa ukufinyelela nokuphumelela kokubona, kodwa kumelwe kusetshenziswe ngokuqondisisa ukuze kugwenywe ukuhlukanisa abantu abakwehla ngokwezinga eliphansi noma ukudala izinhlobo ezintsha zokufiphala. Ukulinganisela nokuhlola kubalulekile ekufundeni ukuthi iziphi izindlela zokwenza nokuvumelanisa indlela yokubona kahle emongweni ehlukile.

Njengoba imiphakathi emhlabeni wonke ibhekene nezinselele zokuphambuka kwentando yeningi, ukuphelelwa ulwazi, nokuncipha kokwethembana ezinhlanganweni, ukubaluleka kokubonana akukaze kube kukhulu. Ukubona ngeso lengqondo kukodwa akunakuxazulula zonke izinkinga ezibhekene nokubusa kwentando yeningi, kodwa kuyisisekelo esibalulekile lapho kumelwe kwakhiwe khona izinhlangano ezinikeza incazelo eqinile, ezisabelayo, nezithembekile. Ukubona kude akuyona nje indlela yobuchwepheshe yokunyathelisa ukwaziswa noma ukuguqula umthetho wentando yeningi okuwukuzinikela okuyisisekelo esimisweni sokuthi uhulumeni uthola ukufaneleka kwawo ngokuvunyelwa yimvume yokubusa okulawulwa yintando yeningi.