Inqubo Yokulungiselela I - oat Yomongameli

Isifungo sobumongameli sehhovisi sisodwa esiwumphumela obaluleke kakhulu umongameli wase-United States angeke asifeze. Ukuphathwa ngoSuku Lokuhlanganisa, isenzo esingokomthetho, somthetho-sisekelo esidlulisa imibuso emikhulu yegatsha kumongameli oyedwa. Nakuba lesi sifungo ngokwaso sithatha isikhathi esingaphansi komzuzu, ukulungiselela ngemva kwaso kuhlanganisa umthetho womthetho-sisekelo, isiko elingokomlando, ukuhlelwa kwezimiso, ukukhubazeka okuphambili, nokuchazwa kwezombangazwe. Ukuqonda lenqubo yembula ubunzima obukhulu (nezinga elingaphansi komzuzu owodwa, ukulungiselela ukusebenza kwayo ngezinyanga, ukusebenza okuhleliwe okuhlanganisa umthetho ngokomthetho, isiko, ukugcinwa komthetho wezomthetho, ukugcinwa, ukuvikelwa kwezwe, nokusetshenziswa kwezombangazwe. Ukuqonda lenqubo yembula amandla amakhulu (ubudemokhrasi) eMelika.

Isisekelo Somlando Nomthetho - sisekelo Sesihlwathi

Amazwi aqondile esifungo sikamongameli angomunye wemininingwane embalwa yamaFramers oMthetho-sisekelo akhetha ukusho ngokucacile. ISiqeqeshi II, Ingxenye 1, uClaus 8, ufundeka kanje: " ngifunga kakhulu (noma ngiqinisekisa) ukuthi ngiyolikhipha ngokwethembeka iHhovisi likaMongameli wase-United States, futhi ngizokwenza ngokungcono kakhulu ikhono lami, ngilondoloze, ngivikele futhi ngivikele uMthetho-sisekelo wase-United States.

Lo mbhalo wawuwukwehla ngamabomu ezifungo zobukhosi baseYurophu. Kunokuba isithembiso kunkulunkulu noma ku-palmel, umongameli waseMelika ufunga ukwethembeka kuMthetho-sisekelo obhaliwe `incwadi enika abantu amandla. Ukukhetha "isiqinisekiso" esikhundleni se "ingubo" yokufaka iziphetho eziphikisayo zenkolo njengoQuaker, ophika ukuthatha iphiko. Phakathi neminyaka, umongameli ngamunye uye waphinda lolu limi oluqondile, nakuba umkhosi ozizungezile uvele waqala ngokuphawulekayo.

Ukunikezelwa kokuqala − Gegeorge Washington’s, kwamiswa ngo-19889 eFederal Hall eNew York City. Washington yanezela amazwi athi "ngisize ngiqale uNkulunkulu" ngemva kwesifungo, yabeka isandla sayo phezu kweBhayibheli, ibeka isiqalo esiye salandelwa yi-20th Reformation. ISivumelo seSiphendulo sa 20 se-Accounting, sagunyazwa ngo-1933, sasusa uSuku Lokwehlisa uSuku kusukela ngoMatshi 4 kuya ku-January 20, inkathi "ume-acke" futhi sanezela ukuphuthuma ekulungiseleleni izikhathi zesikhathi. Kusukela ngo-192, imikhosi iye yaba seNtshona ye-United States Front, indawo ekhethwe ngenxa yombono wayo ephawulekayo nokuhlobana nombono wesizwe. Ukuze ubone umlando, bheka umlando, bheka umlando [FLB:]

Izimfuneko Ezingokomthetho NeKomiti Yobumbano Oluhlangene

Nakuba umbhalo wesifungo umisiwe, ukuhlela umkhosi wokufunga kulawulwa yikho kokubili umthetho nesiko. I-Joint Congress Committee on Inaugral Ceremonies (JCCIC) iyindikimba eyinhloko ephethe imikhosi engokomthetho eCapitol. Imiswe ngo1901, iJCCIC ihlanganisa abaqondisi abathathu kanye nabameleli abathathu abahlela yonke imininingwane: kusukela ekwakhiweni kwesiteji esiqalayo kuya ezihlalweni zezikhulu, i-isuance yethiki, nesimiso sokuhlela. Ikomiti isebenza eduze ne-White House, iphethe, i- Justier of United States, neqoqo lezinhlangano ezintathu eziphethe. I-JCCIC' inikeza i-operamendo elungiselelweni (ccleemee) [2]

I - lend Ruright: Ukuhlela Ukushintsha

Ukulungiselela isifungo akuqali ngo-January 20; kuqala ngokushesha ngemva kokhetho, futhi ngezindlela eziningi ngaphambi kwalokho. Umthetho wobuPresidenti wonyaka ka- 1963, njengoba ulungiswa, unikeza uhlelo oluhleliwe lokudluliswa kwamandla. Umongameli ozayo unelungelo lokuya endaweni yehhovisi, ukufinyeza kukahulumeni, ukufinyelela ekuhlakanipheni okulinganiselwe, nemithombo yokulungiselela imithwalo yemfanelo yokuyaleza. Lenkathi ibucayi ngoba isifungo asishicileli nje kuphela isihloko, kwaye inikeza igunya eligcwele lomphathi-nhloko, isikhulu sikahulumeni, isikhulu esiyinhloko, nenhloko kazwe.

Imisebenzi eyinhloko yokushintsha esekela ngokuqondile ukulungiselelwa kwezifungo zihlanganisa:

  • I-Legal vott - iqembu lomphathi-mkhethi womthetho libukeza izimfuneko eziqondile zomthetho-sisekelo, noma yiziphi izici ezicaciwe zombuso (njengoba isifungo sinikezwa eCapitol eSifundeni saseColumbia, kodwa umthetho kahulumeni uyanqoba), futhi amagama esifungo ngokwaso. Ezimweni ezingavamile, njengalapho usuku lufika ngeSonto, imikhosi yangasese iye yabekwa phambi kwegama lesibili, njengakuMongameli uBarack Obama.
  • Izincwadi ezi-Logist kanye nokuzilungiselela - umphethisi-mkhethi uhlanganyela ekuhambeni ngesilinganiso esigcwele eCapitol. Lokhu kuprakthiza, ngokuvamile okwenziwa ezinsukwini ezingaphambi kwalokho, kuhilela uMahluleli omkhulu noma ukuma okumisiwe, abafundi benhlangano, ukusekela kwezempi, kanye nezisebenzi zokhuseleko eziphambili.
  • Iziphakamiso ezivela ezikhulwini eziphumayo - isimiso sokuqondisa esiphumayo sinikeza ukufingqa kokuhlakanipha, ukuqhubekeka kwemithetho kahulumeni, nokwaziswa kokusabela okuphuthumayo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi umongameli ozayo uzimisele ukuthatha umyalo ngesikhathi isifungo esiphothulelwe ngaso, ngisho nasenkingeni.

Usuku lokukhuliswa: Ukulandelana kwesiko nokulondeka ngomzuzu-ngomzuzu

Ekuseni ngoJanuwari 20 kuqala kudala ngaphambi kokuba amakhamera athathelwe. Umongameli nomphathi-mongameli okhethayo uvame ukuya eSpeach’s Episcopal Church eSt. John’s Episcopal, enqamule ngqo nendlu emhlophe. Leli "Sonto lamaMongameli" libuyela kuJames Madison futhi linikeza isikhashana sokubonisa phambi kombukwa umphakathi.

Kusukela lapho, umongameli ohlela uhamba ukuya eWhite House ukuya emhlanganweni omfushane ongokwesiko nomongameli ophumayo − isibonakaliso sobunye nokuthuthwa ngokuthula. Khona - ke, amongameli ababili (noma umongameli ) nomfanekiso ovela kumphathi ophumayo — bayiswa eCapitol emotweni, ngokuvamile behambisana nezihambeli zezempi. Uhambo olugudla iPennsylvania Avenue lucwebekile emlandweni; umzila wasetshenziswa phakathi nohambo lwakuqala lweWashington futhi uye wanwetshwa ngenxa yezindaba zokuphepha zanamuhla.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, eWest Front of the Capitol Committee, izinkulungwane zezivakashi, kuhlanganise namajaji eNkantolo Ephakeme, amalungu eNkantolo, ababengamongameli, izikhulu zangaphandle, kanye nomphakathi, zihlangana ngaphansi komlindo weNkonzo Yemfihlo, iCapitol Police, ne-Joint Task Force-National Capito. Izimiso zokuvikela ziphawuleka kakhulu: imingcele yomkhathi, amaqembu ezikhali ezitshuzayo, amaqembu obuchwepheshe, nezinkulungwane zezikhulu ezifake iyunifomu. Bonke abangeni abakhona badlula ngemishini yensimbi; izikhwama; futhi zonke izikhwama ze-Capitol perimeter ziqinisiwe ngemingcele.

Lomkhosi ulandela uhlelo oluqondile: umculo, ukunxusa, iSifungo soMgqizo woMphini, kanye nokufunga kwephini likamongameli (othatha isifungo somthetho-sisekelo). Bese kuba khona isenzakalo esiyinhloko .(ukufunga) umongameli.

IOath Ceremion: Ukubusa Nezimpawu

Emini nje kuphela, lapho kugunyazwe iSichibiyelo sama-20 () uMahluleli oMkhulu wase-United States wenza lesi sifungo. Umongameli ubeka isandla sakhe sobunxele eBhayibhelini noma komunye umbhalo ongcwele (uGeorge Washington wasebenzisa iMasonic Bible; amongameli abaningi kamuva basebenzisa amaBhayibheli omkhaya), baphakamisa isandla sabo sokunene, futhi basiphinda isifungo ngemva koMahluleli oMkhulu. Umongameli uvame ukusho isifungo ngejubane elilinganiselwe, futhi uphinda isisho ngenkulumo. Ngomsebenzi wanamuhla, umongameli unezela njalo "ngongisiza uNkulunkulu" ekupheleni, nakuba lokhu kungadingelwe nguMthetho-sisekelo.

Inkathi ibucayi. Uma isifungo singaqediwe emini, umongameli uphelelwa ngokobuchwepheshe ngaphansi kweSichibiyelo sama-20. Ekwenzeni, umkhosi uhlelelwe ukuqeda kanye emini, futhi uMahluleli Omkhulu uqala isifungo cishe ngo-11:58 ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ushintsho luyenzeka ngesikhathi somthetho-sisekelo. Umongameli omusha ube umlawuli wesikhulu nomphathi wezwe lapho kukhulunywa khona izwi lokugcina lesifungo.

Ukukhethwa kweBhayibheli kuvame ukuba nencazelo yomuntu siqu nengokomlando. UMongameli uJoe Biden wasebenzisa iBhayibheli elikhulu eliboshwe ngesikhumba elalikhona emkhayeni wakhe kusukela ngo-1893 nokuthi wayesebenzise njengesekela likamongameli. UMongameli uDonald Trump wasebenzisa amaBhayibheli amabili: iBhayibheli lakhe lobuntwana nelinye elanikezwa unina, kanye neBhayibheli likaLincoln. UMongameli uBarack Obama wasebenzisa iBhayibheli laseLincoln, ukuhlanganisa unikezelo lwakhe olungokomlando lwe-emanpication kanye namalungelo omphakathi. Lokhu kukhethwa yize-driven futhi kufanekiswe kahle, kodwa futhi kubukezwa ngokucophelela: iBhayibheli libekwe etafuleni elincane ekubusweni kwesokudla; amakhasi aqala ukuba libonakale kahle; ivesi sobunxele lisuswe kakhulu; ivesi eliyikhohlose.

Ngokushesha Ngemva Kwe - oath: Ikheli Elivamile Nokudluliswa Kwamandla

Lapho isifungo siphelele, umongameli ophumayo uthula, futhi ezimweni eziningi, akasakwazi ukuphatha noma yiliphi igunya lobuphathi. Umongameli omusha ube esenikeza ikheli lokuvula − inkulumo ebeka indlela yokuqondisa. Lelikheli yisenzo sokuqala sobumongameli obusha ngaphansi kwemibuso yeSiphakamiso II, futhi ukulungiselela kwakhe kuhilela amaqembu abhalayo asebenza ngokuvumelana nokufushaniswa kwesifungo. Ikheli aliyona ingxenye yenhlamba kodwa liyilandela ngokushesha, futhi liye lasetshenziswa ngokomlando ukuhlanganisa isizwe, imiyalo yohlakalo, nokukhuluma ngezinselele. Ngengosigodi elingokomlando lamakheli, bheka [FLCL:] iqoqo lezinto zomlando [FLT] [FLD:]

Ngemva kwekheli, umongameli wokuqala ophumayo nowesifazane wokuqala basuka ngokomthetho eCapitol ngendiza enophephela emhlane, ngokuvamile eMpuma Mpuma Front. Lokhu kuhamba kuyisenzo esingokomfanekiso kakhulu − umongameli omusha owayeyisikhulu esiyinhloko esazinge isakhamuzi sangasese. Umongameli omusha, ohlangene nomkhaya wokuqala, abese ehlanganyela ekudwebeni kombukiso wesiqalo, ebukeza amabutho ewasesiteji seCapitol futhi kamuva e-Pennsyl Avenue. Uhambo luhlanganisa amabutho empi, amaqembu esikole esiphakeme, nezinhlangano zezezezembubhini, futhi luyisiko elisukela emuva ekunikezelweni kokuqala.

Imikhosi Yakusihlwa Nokulondeka Okuqhubekayo

Usuku luqhubeka ngebhola elilodwa noma ngaphezulu lokuvula, lapho umongameli omusha nabesifazane bokuqala bedansa khona ngokwesiko. Lezizenzakalo ziwukugubha kodwa zihlala ngaphansi kwemithetho elandelwayo ephakeme kakhulu yokuvikela. I-Schecret Service igcina imininingwane evikelayo engemva kukamongameli omusha ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngisho nanjengoba umongameli engena eWhite House okokuqala. Isifungo sesikhulu sidlulela emahoreni angemva kwe-cerem, njengoba umongameli kumelwe afushaywe ngezindlela eziphuthumayo, i-"football" (ibhulohobhe le-codensi) lidluliswa, futhi ikethi ye-jekethi ye-yayaleza.

Ukubaluleka Kokwakha Itshe Eliyigama Elingcwele Ngokulungiselela

Ukulungiselela isifungo sobumongameli akuyona nje indlela yokuzilolonga kwezimiso zentando yeningi. Inyathelo ngalinye, kusukela ekushintsheni kwemishwana kuya ekubukelweni kwamagama aqondile, ligcizelela ukuthi ukudluliselwa kwamandla e-United States kusekelwe ekubuseni nasekuthuleni, ngisho nasezikhathini zesigaba esijulile sezombangazwe. Iqiniso lokuthi isifungo esifanayo siye sathathwa ngumongameli ngamunye iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30, ngokushintshana okuncane okungokwesiko, likhuluma ngokuzinziwa koMthetho-sisekelo.

Kube nokuphambuka okuphawulekayo ekusebenziseni isimiso esivamile. Ngo-1961, u-Abraham Lincoln washesha wangena eWashington sekuqaleni ngenxa yokusongela, futhi ukunikezelwa kwakhe kwenziwa ngaphansi konogada abakhulu bezempi. Ngo-1945, uFranklin D. Roosevelt wasungulelwa igama lakhe lesine eliwumkhosi olula owenziwa eWhite House ngenxa yeMpi Yezwe II. Ngo-19663, u-Lyndon B.Johnson wafunga i-Air Force Impone ngemva kwamahora amabili ngemva kwesenzakalo, isizwe esishaqediwe. Ngo-2009, uBarack Obama wafunga ngo-Janum 20 ngokuhlelwa, kodwa uMahluleli uJohn Roberts akasiphuthelanga igama ngesifungo; umkhosi ophinda kabili ngosuku olulandelayo ukuze aqinisekise ukuphelela komthetho. Lezi zibonelo zombili, zenza isifungo esiphelele.

Namuhla, inqubo yokulungiselela ifakazelwa yizinhlangano eziningi: i-JCCIC, iNkonzo Yemfihlo, i-National Archives, ne-White House Historical Association zonke ziveza imibhalo eningiliziwe. Ukuhlelwa kokunikezelwa okulandelayo kuqala ngokushesha lapho kuphela, ngoba imishini kahulumeni kumelwe ngaso sonke isikhathi ikulungele ukudlulisa ugesi ohleliwe noma ohlelwe esimweni esiphuthumayo.

Kulabo abafuna ukuqonda okujule kakhulu ukuthi isifungo sihlangana kanjani nomthetho-sisekelo obanzi, ikhasi loMthetho-sisekelo wendlu emhlophe linikeza umongo ngemisebenzi yomthetho-sisekelo kamongameli. U.S. isikhulu sikahulumeni sokumisa ulwazi sinikeza imininingwane ewusizo yezakhamuzi ezikhona noma ezibukele.

Ekuphetheni, ukulungiselela isifungo sobumongameli akuwona nje umthetho owenzelwa imikhosi. Yisimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi somthetho-mthetho, ukubambisana, ukulondeka okukhulu, nokubonakaliswa okunamandla. Izikhathi ezimbalwa zesifungo zimelela isiphetho somsebenzi owenziwa ngokucophelela wezinyanga, okuhilela izinkulungwane zabantu, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukudluliswa ngokuthula kwesimiso sokubusa ngentando yeningi (8) uphawu lwentando yeningi yaseMelika (izikhulu zaseMelika) ngokungenamdlandla futhi ngesithunzi okufunwa yisikhundla.