Izakhamuzi zonke zinamalungelo ahloselwe ukuvikela inkululeko yazo, isithunzi, nokulingana. Nokho ukwephulwa kwalawomalungelo kwenzeka emsebenzini, ezikoleni, ezindaweni zomphakathi, ngisho naphakathi kobudlelwane bukahulumeni. Ikhono lokubekela lokhu kwephulwa inselele alilona ithuluzi eliyisisekelo lobulungisa kuphela kodwa futhi liwumthwalo oqinisa umthetho. Uma amalungelo ephulwa, indlela yokufuna ukuthatha isinyathelo, kodwa ukuqonda izinyathelo nemithombo efanele kunganika abantu amandla okuthatha isinyathelo esisebenzayo. Lesiqondiso sinikeza isisekelo esibanzi, esisebenzayo sokuhlukanisa, sokubhala, nokubeka inselele ekuphuleni amalungelo akho, ukufinyelela ezimisweni ezingokomthetho, amasu asebenzayo, nokusekela izinhlelo ezisekelwe ezinhlanganweni.

Ukuqonda Amalungelo Akho

Amalungelo akho akuyona imibandela engaqondakali; ayisivikelo esigunyaziswa ngokomthetho esibekwe ngokomthetho emithetho-sisekelo, izimiso, nezivumelwano zomhlaba wonke. E-United States, iSigqi somthetho wamalungelo kanye nokulungisa okulandelayo kuqinisekisa inkululeko enjengenkulumo, ingqungquthela, nesivikelo ekuphenyeni okungenangqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithetho yesizwe enjenge-Civil Rights Act ka-19494 enqabela ukucwaswa kwesizwe, ibala, inkolo, ubulili, noma umsuka wesizwe. Izincwadi zezizwe zonke njenge-Universiveratic of Human Rights [ Izeluleko zokuphathwa kwabantu ngabanye ukuthi bonke kufanele balindele, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bavela ebuzweni.

Ukuze ubeke inselele ngokuphumelelayo ekuphuzweni kwemithetho, kumelwe uqale uqonde amalungelo akhethekile asebenza esimweni sakho.

  • khulula inkululeko [ – inkululeko enjengenkulumo, umhlangano, inkolo, kanye nemfihlo.
  • Ilindelekile inqubo yamalungelo -ilungelo lokuqulwa kahle, ukumelelwa okungokomthetho, kanye nesivikelo esenzweni sikahulumeni esizimele.
  • Amalungelo okuvikela - ilungelo lokukhululeka ekucwaseni okusekelwe ezicini ezivikelwe.
  • [ Amalungelo angokwesiko – amalungelo ahlobene nokuvota, ukungena ezinkantolo, kanye nokuhlangana kwamaphoyisa.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amalungelo angahlukahluka ngokwesimiso sombuso. Okuvikelwe kwelinye izwe noma umbuso kungase kungaqiniseki. Ngokwesibonelo, amalungelo ezindaba zomuntu siqu emsebenzini ahluka kakhulu phakathi kwezizwe zase-United States ne-European Union ngaphansi kwe- General Data Protection Regatection (GDPR)[FL:1]. Ngaso sonke isikhathi kuqinisekiswa uhlelo olungokomthetho oluqondile olusebenza endaweni nasesimweni sakho.

Ukubona Imithetho Engqubuzanayo

Ukuqaphela ukuthi amalungelo akho aye ophulwa kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esibucayi. Ukwephulwa kwenzeka lapho umuntu noma inhlangano ethile, ngokuvamile inxusa likahulumeni noma umphakathi ongaphansi kwemithetho emelene nobandlululo, wenza ngendlela evimbela noma ephika amalungelo akho avikelwe ngokomthetho. Ukuphulwa okuvamile kuhlanganisa, kodwa akulinganiselwe:

  • Ukungavumelani[ - - - ukuphathwa kabi ngenxa yohlanga, ubulili, ubudala, ukukhubazeka, inkolo, noma ukuthambekela kobulili endlini, emsebenzini, imfundo, noma indawo yomphakathi.
  • Ukusesha okungagunyaziwe kanye nokuthatheka [ - - amaphoyisa angena ekhaya lakho noma emotweni ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso noma imbangela okungenzeka.
  • [ Isibonakaliso sokumelelwa komthetho [[[QL:1] – ukunqatshwa ummeli lapho ebhekene namacala obugebengu noma phakathi nezindaba ezithile zokuphatha.
  • Ukucindezela kwenkululeko yokukhuluma [ - - ukucushwa uhulumeni noma izinhlangano zomphakathi ngaphandle komthetho ogunyazayo.
  • [ Amandla angokobuningi – ukusetshenziswa kwegunya elingacabangeki ngokugcinwa komthetho phakathi nokuboshwa noma ukuboshwa.
  • [[I-FLT:0] Ukujezisa – ukujeziswa ngokubika ukwephulwa kwamalungelo noma ukuhlanganyela ekuhloleni.

Ngezinye izikhathi ukweqa umthetho kuyacasha, njengesimiso semisebenzi esithinta ngokungenakulinganiswa iqembu elithile (imiphumela eguquguqukayo). Isihluthulelo siwukuhlola ukuthi isenzo esithile noma ukwephulwa kukwenze waphucwa ilungelo elingokomthetho onelungelo lokulithola. Uma ungaqiniseki, ukubheka iseluleko somthetho noma inhlangano yamalungelo kunganikeza ukugqama.

Izinyathelo Zokuvimbela Ukuphulwa Kwemithetho

Inqubo yokubekela inselele ukwephulwa kwamalungelo ihilela uchungechunge lwezenzo zamabomu.

Ukubhala Ngokuphelele Ukuphulwa Kwakho

Umbhalo uwumgogodla wanoma iyiphi inselele. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuba sekwephulwe, qala umbhalo obhalwe kabanzi. Hlanganisa usuku, isikhathi, indawo, namagama abo bonke abahilelekile, kuhlanganise nofakazi nanoma iziphi izikhulu ezikhona. Chaza isenzakalo ngokulandelana kwezikhathi, usebenzisa ulimi olungenanjongo. Ngokwesibonelo, esikhundleni "lesisikhulu sasinonya," bhala "isikhulu saphakamisa izwi laso futhi sangisunduza odongeni." Gcina isigqebhene sanoma yisiphi isici esilandelayo, izingcingo, noma ama-imeyili ezihlobene nokwephulwa. Lo mbi uzoba usizo kakhulu lapho uhlangana nommeli noma udlulisa isikhalo.

Hlakulela Ubufakazi Futhi Ubulondoloze

Gcina bonke ubufakazi obungokoqobo nobungokwezinombolo obusekela lokho okushoyo.

  • Izithombe noma ama - video abonisa isimo noma amanxeba.
  • Izenzakalo zihambisana nemiyalezo, imiyalezo, noma izingosi zezokuxhumana.
  • Izincwadi ezingokomthetho njengemibiko yamaphoyisa, amarekhodi ezokwelapha, noma amarekhodi emisebenzi.
  • Izitatimende zoFakazi nokwaziswa okuphathelene nabo.

Gcina ubufakazi obuqanjiwe futhi wenze amakhophi alondekile. Uma unobufakazi be-minucture, bugcine emafuni futhi uhambe ngemoto engaphandle. Ungalibali iketanga lokugcinwa kwezingane – uma ubufakazi bungase busetshenziswe enkantolo, kumelwe ukwazi ukubonisa ukuthi abushintshwanga. Gwema ukugcina ubufakazi obungacunuli emshinini ongathathwa noma owonakele.

Hlola Iseluleko Esingokomthetho

Ngisho noma uhlela ukuphishekela isikhalo ngokwakho, ukukhuluma nommeli ekuqaleni kwenqubo kungakusiza ukuba uqonde amandla nobuthakathaka becala lakho. Ukuphulwa kwamalungelo amaningi kuwela ngaphansi kwemithetho eqondile ebekwe isikhathi esimisiwe (ukutshelwa kokulinganiselwa) kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu - 180 kuya eminyakeni eminingana. Ummeli angaluleka ngokufanele – ukuthi angasifaka isikhalo yini inxusa lezezombuso njenge-Octal Opportnity Commission (EOC), aphishekele ukumangalela umbango, noma afune ukunqanda ukuhleleka. Uma ungenakukwazi ukunikeza ummeli wangasese, hlola izindlela ezinjengokuthi:

Ihele Imbangela Yokukhononda

Uma usunamaphepha abhaliwe, ubufakazi, neseluleko esingokomthetho, isinyathelo esilandelayo siwukwenza isikhalo esingokomthetho ngegunya elifanele. Indawo efanele ixhomeke ekutheni ukwephulwa kunjani:

  • Isekela ukucwaswa komthetho noma ukuziphatha okubi - - uhele nezinhlangano zikahulumeni njenge-Department of Justice Civil Rights Division, ikhomishane yamalungelo abantu, noma izigaba zezindaba zangaphakathi.
  • Ukucwasa [ - uhele ngecala nge-EEOC noma i-parent yemisebenzi kahulumeni.
  • Ukuphakela ubandlululo[ – uhele noMnyango we Home nentuthuko yeUrban (HUD).
  • [ Ukuziphatha okubi kwamaphoyisa [ - kufaka isikhalo ezindabeni zangaphakathi zomnyango wamaphoyisa, ibhodi longameleli wezobupolishi, noma ihhovisi lomshushisi.
  • inzuzo yokwephulwa kwamalungelo – uhele ne-Office for Civil Rights (OCR) phakathi koMnyango wemfundo.

Inhlangano ngayinye inezinqubo zayo, izintambo zesikhathi, nezindlela. Zilandele, futhi ugcine amakhophi akho konke okunikezayo. Izikhalo eziningi kumelwe zidluliselwe noma zidluliselwe phakathi nesikhathi esiqinile. Ukungabe ubekeli isikhathi esimisiwe kungakuvimbela ekuthatheni isinyathelo esingokomthetho esiqhubekayo.

Ukuhlanganyela Ekulungeni Nokuqapha Komphakathi

Emacaleni aphakeme noma awesimiso, ukuqaphelisa umphakathi kungaphelelisa imizamo engokomthetho. Ukuqapha kudonsela ukunakekela ephulweni, kucindezela amaqembu aphethe, futhi ngokuvamile kusiza ekuxhumaniseni ngemithombo eyengeziwe. Cabangela lezi zindlela:

  • Xoxani ngendaba yenu (uma ningazi ukuthi kuyadingeka) ngemithombo yezindaba, izingosi noma ngezindaba zendawo.
  • Xoxani nezintatheli ezikhuluma ngezindaba eziphathelene namalungelo abantu.
  • Umngane nezinhlangano ezisekela abaphathi ezingakhipha imibiko yokukhipha imibuthano yesikole noma ukuhlela.
  • Sebenzisa ama-platform ku-inthanethi njenge- shintsha.org ukwenza isicelo.

Qaphela ukuba ungafaki engozini icala lakho ngomthetho odluliselwa umphakathi. Ukulahla noma izinkulumo eziphikisana nokukhononda kwakho okungokomthetho kungasetshenziswa kuwe. Ukuhlanganiswa nommeli wakho phambi kwanoma isiphi isikhangiso somphakathi.

Imithombo Yamagugu Nesisekelo Esingokomthetho

Ukuyinkimbinkimbi kokuphulwa kwamalungelo okunzima ngokuvamile kudinga okungaphezu komzamo womuntu ngamunye.

  • [[QURT:0] Usizo lwezentengiselwano kanye nezinkonzo ze-probono - Izinhlangano ezinjenge [ Izinkonzo zezentengiselwano zixhasa usizo olungokomthetho olunikezwa abantu abaphansi abathola imali. Izinhlangano zebha yezindawo ngokuvamile zinezinkonzo ezisemthethweni zokunikeza abameli amalungelo omphakathi.
  • Amalungelo abantu nezinhlangano zenkululeko yomphakathi – i-ACLU, i-Amnesty International, ne-Human Rights Watch zinikeza ukusekela okungokomthetho, ukuphatha, kanye nezincwadi zemfundo. Zibuye zilandele izinsongo ezivelayo emalungelweni abantu futhi zinganikeza imithombo yezindaba ezithile.
  • Izikhungo zezokuhlanganisa - Amaqembu agxile ekwahluleleni kohlanga, emalungeni okukhubazeka, e-LGBTQ+ amalungelo, namalungelo abafuduki anikeza usizo olufanelanayo. Izibonelo zihlanganisa iNational Disability Rights Network ne Southern Poverty Law Center.
  • Kukho-mfakela imithombo engokomthetho - Ama-website anjenge- LawHelp. org ukhokho lwezincwadi lukusiza ukuthola usizo lwasemthethweni olukhululekile endaweni yakini. Izinkantolo eziningi zesifundazwe zinikeza izikhungo zokusiza ngezindlela neziyalezo zokufaka izikhalo.
  • I-Government ombusts - Amanye ama-overs Office anezikhundla ezizimele ezihlola izikhalo ngokumelene nezinkampani zomphakathi futhi zingatusa amakhambi.

Lapho ufuna ukusekelwa, qala ngokuthintana nenhlangano eyodwa noma ezimbili ezivumelana nohlobo lokwephulwa kwakho.

Ukukhononda

Ukukhononda okungokomthetho kuyisinyathelo esisekelwe ekuhleleni okudinga ukunakwa imininingwane. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiyiphi inxusa, lezizimiso ezivamile ziyasebenza:

  1. [[[FLT: 0] isho inxusa elilungile noma inkantolo. Ukubiza noma ukuvakashela ingosi yenhlangano ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulawulwa kwe-cure. Ngokwesibonelo, ukucwaswa kwemisebenzi kufanele kugcinwe nge-EEOC ngaphambi kokuba kungeniswe icala.
  2. [[[I-FLT:0] Izindlela ezidingekayo. Izinhlangano eziningi zinikeza amafomu okukhononda kuyi-inthanethi. Zigcwalise ngokunembile, usebenzisa umbhalo wakho ogciniwe njengekhophi.
  3. Hlanganisa bonke ubufakazi. Hlanganisa amakhophi emibhalo yakho, izithombe, izitatistiki zokufakaza, nanoma iziphi izincwadi. Ungangenisi amadokhumende okuqala ngaphandle kokuba kudingeka.
  4. [ Izinsuku ezimisiwe zemeet. bhala phansi umthetho wokulinganiselwa nanoma yiziphi izikhathi ezimisiweyo zokuhlela impendulo uma inxusa licela ukwaziswa okwengeziwe. Beka izikhumbuzo.
  5. Gcina amakhophi kanye nokulandelana kwemikhondo. Yenza ikhophi ephelele yakho konke ngaphambi kokuthumela. Uma uthumela, sebenzisa iposi eliqinisekisiwe elinelisithi elibuyiselayo. Uma ufaka kuyi-intanethi, thatha izithombe zesithombe sesiqiniseko.
  6. Landela. Ngemva kokuhlela, ungathola uhlamvu oluvumayo noma inombolo yebhokisi. Gcina lokhu kuphephile. Uma ungezwa kusesakhelweni se-ixeast, xhumana ne-ikhodi ukuze uhlole isimo.

Uma ukukhononda kwakho kwenqatshwa noma kungaxazululwa ngokwanelisayo, ungaba nelungelo lokudlulisa icala ngaphakathi noma ukuqulisa icala. Ummeli wakho angaluleka ngenkambo engcono kakhulu. Kwezinye izimo, ezinye izindlela zesinqumo zokuphikisana ezifana nokukhipha isikhalazo zikhona futhi zingaholela ekuthatheni isinqumo ngokushesha.

Ukuqapha Nokuqaphela Umphakathi

Nakuba amakhambi angokomthetho ebalulekile, ukuqapha nokwazisa umphakathi kungakhulisa izwi lakho futhi kuvimbele ukwephulwa kwesikhathi esizayo. Ukuhlelwa komphakathi nezivumelwano zemithombo yezindaba kudala ukulandisa futhi kungaguqula isimiso somphakathi. Ukuqamba okunempumelelo kuhilela amasu, ukuthumelelana imiyalezo okucacile, nokwakha izivumelwano.

Qala ngokuthola umgomo - ufuna lowo owephulayo ashintshe inkambiso, akhiphe isinxephezelo noma akhokhe? Umgomo ocacile usiza ekulolongeni isigijimi sakho. Sebenzisa ukulandisa ukwenze ukuba ube nobuntu; xoxa ngalokho okwenzekile, ukuthi kukuthinte kanjani, futhi iziphi izinguquko ezidingekayo. Amaqembu asebenza kakade ezimpikiswaneni ezifanayo ukuze ufinyelele. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ubhekene nokungalungi komthetho, ujoyina umfelandawo ofana no [ Campaign Beetroo [

Amathuluzi okuxhumana anamandla. Yenza umkhankaso wezokuxhumana usebenzisa i-hashtag enikezelwe, xoxa ngemininingwane yakho (ngokuvunyelwa ngokomthetho), futhi uhlanganyele nabathonye noma abacosheli bezindaba. Uma ukhetha ukuxhumana nemithombo yezindaba, hlela umbiko ochaza ngokulula ukwephulwa kwalokhu. Yiba nekhono lokuphikelela kodwa futhi ufunde.

Khumbula ukuthi ukucindezela komphakathi kungaholela ekuxazululeni noma ekushintsheni isimiso ngisho nangaphambi kwesinqumo senkantolo. Nokho, ngaso sonke isikhathi hlela izinkulumo zomphakathi neqembu lakho elingokomthetho ukuze ugweme ukuhlehla ekufihlekeni noma ekusebenziseni izindlela.

Isiphetho

Ukuphulwa kwamalungelo akho kuyinqubo efuna ukuzikhandla edinga ukulungiselela, ulwazi, nokuphikelela. Ngokuwaqonda ngokuphelele amalungelo onawo, ukubhala yonke imininingwane yokwephulwa, ukuqoqa ubufakazi obuqand ’ ikhanda, ukufuna iseluleko somthetho esinolwazi oluqondile, nokufaka isaziso esiqondile esiqondile, ukha isisekelo esiqinile sokufinyelela ubulungisa. Ukungalungi nokuqaphela komphakathi kungafeza indima eguqulayo, ukuguqula izikhalo ngazinye zibe ushintsho olukhulu. Inselele ngayinye ephumelelayo iqinisa isimiso sokuthi amalungelo awawona nje amazwi amaphepha kodwa azimele okumelwe avikelwe. Uma ubhekene nokungalungi, thatha isinyathelo sokuqala namuhla – funa ukusekela, futhi wenze. Umthetho uxhomeke ezakhamuzini ezizimisele ukumelela amalungelo abo nabanye.