Ohulumeni bamadolobha banomthwalo wemfanelo wokunikeza izinkonzo zomphakathi ezibalulekile − ukuvikela amaphoyisa nomlilo ekuqoqweni kwemfucumfucu, amapaki, nezikole. Injini yezimali ezigunyaza lemisebenzi yimali kamasipala, icebo eliklanywe ngokucophelela elinikezela izimali ezilinganiselwe ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zomphakathi ezingenasiphelo. Ukuqonda indlela amadolobha aqoqa ngayo izintela futhi alawule imali akuyona nje indlela yokufunda; ithinta ngokuqondile izinga lokuphila kwabo bonke abantu abahlala khona. Lesihloko sinikeza ukuhlolisisa izimali zikahulumeni wendawo, imifudlana yemali esekela amadolobha, nezinhlelo ezihilelekile ekuhleleni imali ehambisana nemali esetshenziswa ekuhleleni imali kamasipala.

Indima Yentela Yendawo Emalini KaMasipala

Intela yendawo yakha izimali zikamasipala. Ngokwe-Censurence Bureau of State and Local Government, ohulumeni bendawo baqoqa imali engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu - R2,9 ngenzuzo evamile ngo-2020, kanye nezikhokhi zentela cishe eziyingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zaleyo ngqikithi. Ukuxubana okukhethekile kwentela kuyahlukahluka kakhulu ngokombuso nendawo, kodwa izigaba eziningi zihlanganisa intela yempahla, intela yezentengo, intela yeholo, kanye nentela yezebhizinisi.

Intela Yempahla

Intela yempahla iwumthombo oyinhloko wentela ekhokhwa emadolobheni amaningi e-U.S. Zikhokhwa ngokwenani elinqunyiwe lezwe nendawo nezakhiwo. Izinga lentela, ngokuvamile elikhishwa ezigabeni (isigayo esisodwa silingana ne R1,000 ngenani elihlosiwe), limiswe ohulumeni bendawo ukuze bakhiphe inzuzo edingekayo yezinkonzo. Izintela zezindawo azintengantengi ngenxa yokuthi amanani ezindawo athengwa ngokushesha njengaleyo ethengiswayo noma iholo. Nokho, zingaphinde zisetshenziswe, zingaba nokusheshisa okungalingani nakathinti okuthatha imali ephansi emakhaya nakwehlalwayo, futhi zikwazi ukukhokhela izintela ezithengwa ngemali ekhungweni ezikhuphuziwe. [ngezinsiza ezindaweni ezikhungweni ezithengwa kakhulu] [Fodss] [3], intela ezindaweni eziphambili]

Ukuthengiswa Nokusetshenziswa Kwentela

Izintela zentela zingenye intela enkulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezivumela ukukhokhwa kwentela ekhokhwayo yendawo. Lentela ithengwa ngokuthengisa izimpahla eziphathekayo futhi, kwezinye izimo, izinkonzo. Izintela zokuthengisa zendawo ngokuvamile zenezelwe ngokwesilinganiso sentela yempahla. Ngokungafani nentela yempahla, intela yokuthengisa ishintsha kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi ithengwa ngemali, okuthengwa ngayo ngezindleko zokuthengwa kwentela. Abagxeki baphikisa ukuthi intela incishisiwe ngenxa yokuthi intela ephansi kakhulu isetshenziswa imali yabo emalini ehholweni lentela. Ukukhokhiswa kwentela yendawo kugcwele ukukhokha intela entengweni eyinkimbinkimbi. Ukukhokhiswa kwalentengweni yemali ekhona, intela edinga izidingo ezidingekayo njengentela, imidantiswa yezidakamizwa, imidanti, nezingubo zentela. [3] Izikhulu zeNkamelo yasekhaya:[5]

Intela Ekhokhwa Endaweni

Izintela zomholo zendawo azivamile kodwa zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezifundeni eziningi, ikakhulukazi iOhio, iPennsylvania, neMaryland. Lentela ingakhokhwa kubantu ngabanye (inzuzo ekhokhelwayo), amabhizinisi (inzuzo yenzuzo), noma zombili. Izintela zomholo ngokuvamile zincishwa abaqashi, ezibenza baphumelele ukuqoqa. Zithambekele ekunwebeni kakhulu kunentela yempahla, ngoba zikhula ngokushesha lapho umnotho uncipha kodwa zehla kakhulu. Amanye amadolobha asebenzisa izinga eliyindilingane, kuyilapho amanye ethole izibhayisekili. Inselele ngentela yendawo ukuthi angenza ukuncintisana ngentela phakathi kwezindawo zomakhelwane, njengoba izisebenzi namabhizinisi engase zikhushunyaye ezindaweni eziphansi. Lokhu kuxoxwa emishungwini enjengezinhlangano ze-[FLD [F]

Eminye Imithombo Yemali KaMasipala

Ngalé “kwentela emithathu enkulu”, amadolobha athola inzuzo kwezinye imithombo ehlukahlukene:

  • [[[UMKRO] Intela yezentengiselwano namalayisensi: Intela eshibhile, intela yemali ebhaliwe, kanye nentela yemvume yomsebenzi.
  • Imali kanye nokukhokha:[ Inkokhelo yomsebenzisi yezinto ezisemzimbeni, imvume, ukuhlola, nezinhlelo zokuzilibazisa. Lokhu kuhloselwe ukubuyisa izindleko kunokunyusa inzuzo evamile.
  • Ukudluliswa kwezindawo zikahulumeni: Imali kahulumeni, ukwabelana ngenzuzo, nosizo lwezinhlelo ezithile ezinjengokuphepha komphakathi noma indawo yokuhlala.
  • Amathikithi ezimoto namalahle: amathikithi ezimoto, amaface asenkantolo, kanye nezimpahla ezilahlekile. Ukuthembela ngokweqile kulokhu kungadala izisusa eziphambene, njengoba kuqokonyiswe uMnyango wobuLungu.
  • Imali engenisayo: Isithakazelo ezigcinweni zemali ezingasebenzi, ikakhulukazi uma amazinga enzalo elungile.

Imali esetshenziswa kahle yaleli dolobha inezela imithombo yayo yemali ukuze igweme ukwethembela ngokweqile kunoma yimuphi umfula owodwa, kanjalo izivikele ekushaqekeni kwezomnotho.

Umjikelezo Wohlelo Lohlelo Lokusetshenziswa Kwemali Edolobheni: Usuka Ekutheni Uyoba Yingane Yokutholwa

Uhulumeni uhlela uhlelo lwemali akusona isenzakalo esisodwa kodwa umjikelezo oqhubekayo othatha izinyanga eziyishumi nambili kuya kweziyishumi nanhlanu. Lenqubo ilawulwa imithetho kahulumeni nemithetho yomthetho-mthetho yendawo, kodwa amadolobha amaningi alandela indlela efanayo.

Kudingeka Kuhlolwe Nokuhlela Okuhlelekile

Kudala ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe incwadi yemali, iminyango yedolobha nezikhulu zihlola isidingo. Bahlola izimo zenani labantu, izimo zezakhiwo, imfuno yenkonzo, nokuvumelana komphakathi. Amadolobha amaningi ahlela uhlelo olubalulekile lokuhlela izinto eziza kuqala ekuthuthukiseni kwezomnotho, ukulingana, ukulondeka, nokuphepha komphakathi. Le ngxenye ihlanganisa imihlangano efaka imingcele futhi ingahilela ukuhlolwa kwezakhamuzi.

Ukubikezela Imali

Ukubikezela okunembile kwenzuzo kungubungcweti nesayensi. Izikhulu zezezimali zisebenzisa izimo zemali ezibonisa inzuzo, ukuthambekela komlando, kanye nezimpawu zamuva zezomnotho ukuze ziveze inzuzo evela emthonjeni ngamunye. Intela yempahla, ziveza ukwakhiwa okusha, imiphumela yokuphindaphindeka, nezinga lokuqoqwa kwemali. Intela zokuthengisela, zicabangela ukuthembana kwabathengi, ukungasebenzi, nezindlela zokusebenzisa imali ezisetshenziswayo. Intembekiso inzima kakhulu; Govermentmentment Genances Association (GOA) itusa ukusebenzisa indlela ehloniphekile neyo ekulondolozeni imali ekhokhelweni ukukhokhwa okunga imali okunga.

Ukuhlela Imali Nokuqondisa

Ngezikhangiso ezisesandleni, umphathi wedolobha noma umphathi wehhovisi lomphathi wedolobha usebenza namakhanda ehhovisi lesifunda ukuze enze uhlelo oluhlongozwayo. Lencwadi ihlela izindleko zeholo, imisebenzi, imisebenzi yekomkhulu, nenkonzo yezikweletu. Kumelwe ilinganisele iziphakamiso ngemali elindelekile, ngaphandle kokuba idolobha livunyelwe ukukhokha imali cishe into ethile enqatshelwe ukwenza ngaphandle kwemvume. Imali yokuhlela i-afric ithunyelwa emkhandlwini wedolobha, ngokuvamile ihambisana nomyalezo wezimali ochaza izinzuzo eziyinhloko kanye nezinto eziza kuqala.

Ukulalela Izindaba Zomphakathi Nesimiso Sezakhamuzi

Ngaphambi kokutholwa kokugcina, amadolobha athatha izikhalo zomphakathi ukuze acele ukwaziswa. Lokhu kuyisinyathelo esibucayi sokuziphendulela ngentando yeningi. Izakhamuzi zingasho ukusekela noma ukuphikisa ukuhlongozwa kokusetshenziswa kwemali enqamuliwe, ukwanda kwentela, noma ukuthatha izinyathelo ezintsha. Amanye amadolobha asebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenzisa imali yokunikeza izikweleti, lapho izakhamuzi zinquma ngokuqondile ukuthi zihlelele kanjani ingxenye yemali. Lendlela iye yamukelwa ezindaweni ezinjenge-Chicago nezifunda zomkhandlu waseNew York City. Ukuzwa komphakathi ngokuvamile kuveza ukukhombana kwezelelwa kwemithombo yezindaba futhi kungenza amavoti emikhamwini.

Ukubukezwa Nokwamukelwa Kwemithetho

Umkhandlu wedolobha uhlola indlela yokuhlela imali ehlongozwayo ngokulandelana kwemihlangano yekomiti nezigaba zomsebenzi. Izigwebo zenziwa, ngokuvamile zibonisa ukuvumelana kwezombangazwe noma ukwaziswa okusha. Khona - ke umkhandlu uvota ngomthetho wokugcina wokuhlela. Uma umkhandlu uhluleka ukudlulisa uhlelo lwemali ngenkathi emisiwe, uhulumeni angavala noma asebenze ngaphansi kwemali ehlelwe ngonyaka odlule. Uma imvume yokuhlela imali iba imvume engokomthetho yokusebenzisa imali kanye nenkongozele yemali ngonyaka ozayo.

Izimali Eziyinhloko Zokusebenzisa Imali Nezinjongo Zazo

Ukuze kugcinwe ukulandisa nokubona kahle, imali ehlelwa idolobha ihlukaniswa ibe imali ehlukene, ngayinye ibhanile yama-akhawunti ahlelelwe imisebenzi ethile. Izinhlobo ezivamile zihlanganisa:

Imali Evamile — Imali Esetshenziswa Ngezinsimbi

Isikhwama sezimali siyindaba eyinhloko yokusebenza kwedolobha. Sisekela izinkonzo eziyisisekelo njengamaphoyisa, umlilo, amapaki, imitapo, ukuphatha izimpahla, nemisebenzi yomphakathi. Ngokuvamile, lesi sikhwama sixhaswa ngezimali ngentela yempahla, intela yentengo, nemali ehlawuliswayo. Ngenxa yokuthi sihlanganisa izinkonzo ezibalulekile, isikhwama sezimali sihlolwa kakhulu. Isikhwama sezimali esinempilo kumelwe silondoloze ukulingana okungabelwe (isigcini) okungalinganiswanga noma izinyanga ezimbili zezindleko, njengoba kwatuswa yi-GFOA.

Izimali Ezikhethekile Zemali - Ama - akhawunti Enjongo Ezinikezele

Izimali ezikhethekile zenzuzo zisetshenziselwa ukunikeza inzuzo evela emithonjeni ethile yemali ekhokhwa ngokomthetho elinganiselwe ezindlekweni ezithile. Izibonelo ezivamile zihlanganisa isikhwama sentela yegesi yokulungiswa kwemigwaqo, isikhwama sentela sehhotela sokuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha, nemali yezezimali yamanzi aphehla umzila. Lemali igcina ingenamikhondo futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi imali ebekelwe injongo ayinakuphambukiswa kwenye indawo.

Izimali Eziyinhloko Zokuthuthukisa – Ukwakha Ikusasa

Izimali zokuthuthukisa izimali ezinkulu (noma izimali ezikomkhulu) zixhasa ukuhlelwa kwepulani yokwakha, ukuzuza, noma ukulungisa izinto ezinkulu: imigwaqo, amabhuloho, izikhungo zokulapheka amanzi, iziteshi zamaphoyisa, amapaki, nezakhiwo zobuchwepheshe. Lemisebenzi isekelwa ngokwenzuzo yesibopho, intela enikezelwayo, noma izimali ezigciniwe eziyinhloko. Amadolobha amaningi alondoloza uhlelo oluhlukene lwentuthuko yenhloko- dolobha lweminyaka emihlanu (CIP) efaka phambili imisebenzi esekelwe ekusweleni, ekuhloleni izimo, nasekutholeni izimali ezikhona.

Izimali Zenkonzo Yezikweleti – Ukusingatha Ukuboleka

Uma amadolobha ebopha izibopho zokukhokha izikweletu zezakhiwo eziyinhloko, kumelwe asungule isikhwama senkonzo sezimali ukuze aqoqe izikweletu eziyinhloko nezizalisayo ezikweletwa ababambisi bezimali. Lenkongozelo ivame ukuxhaswe umsele wemali enikezelwe, njengentela yempahla noma intela yenzuzo. Izinhlangano ezilinganisela ukukhokha izikweletu zemali ezikhokhwayo (imali ekhona yokukhokha izikweletu zemali) ngaphambi kokuba zinike izikweleti ezikweletwayo, ezithinta izindleko zokuboleka.

Izinselele Ezivamile Ekuqondiseni Uhlelo Lohlelo Lokusetshenziswa Kukahulumeni

Ngisho noma behlela ngokucophelela, ohulumeni basemadolobheni babhekana nezithiyo eziphikelelayo ezisongela impilo ewohlokayo.

Ukuwohloka Kwezomnotho Nokunganciphi kwenzuzo

Inzuzo yendawo izwela emijikelezweni yezomnotho. Phakathi nokwehla kwezomnotho, ukuqoqwa kwentela yempahla kungancipha uma amazinga empahla ehla noma isisindo sobuhlongandlebe. Ukuthengiswa kwentela kanye neholo kuncipha ngokusetshenziswa kwabathengi. Okwamanje, isidingo sezinkonzo eziningi zomphakathi zezenhlalakahle. Ikakhulukazi amanetha okuphepha kwezenhlalo nezinhlelo ezihlobene nokungasebenzi ziyanda. Lokhu “kucinezela amadolobha amandla okunquma izinkonzo, ukukhuphula intela, noma ukudonsa iziqikili. Umqedazwe wemali. I-CHOVAID-19 yabonisa lokhu: amadolobha amaningi abona inzuzo ehla ngisho nanjengezindleko zempilo yomphakathi nezokusebenza.

Izindleko Ezikhulayo Nezinto Ezingakhathazeki

Izindleko zedolobha zivame ukunyuka ngokushesha kunokunyuka kwamandla emali. Izibopho zezentengiselwano, izinzuzo zokunakekela impilo, ukukhuphuka kwemali edilivwe, nokulungisa izakhi zemvelo konke kunamandla aphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ohulumeni bombuso nohulumeni bavame ukuphoqelela imiyalelo engagunyaziwe ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso ezithile (umz., imithetho yendawo ezungezile, ukukhuliswa kwezindawo ezizungezile) ngaphandle kokunikeza izimali. Le mithetho ingadla ingxenye enkulu yemali ehleliwe edolobheni, inciphise ukuvumelana nezimo.

Isakhiwo Esisekelayo Nokulondoloza Okungathembekile

Amadolobha amaningi ase-U.S. abhekene nesakhiwo esikhulu sokulungisa imigwaqo, amabhuloho, izimiso zamanzi, nezakhiwo. I-American Society of Civil Enginegers (ASCE) ithola amamaki emisebenzi engokwezwe njalo, kanye nezigaba eziningi ku-“D”. Ukulibala kunganikeza ukukhululeka kwesikhashana kwemali kodwa kuholele ezindlekweni ezinkulu kamuva. Amadolobha kumelwe alinganisele izinto eziphikisanayo phakathi kwezidingo zamanje zokusebenza kanye nemali eshicile kakhulu.

Ukuzingelwa Kwentela Nemingcele

Imingcele yentela yevoter evunyelwe nezindleko (i-TELS) ivamile ezifundeni ezinjenge California (Iproject 13), Colorado (THOR), neMassachusetts (Isivumelwano 22/2). Lemithetho evimbelayo intela yempahla, ukuhlola, noma ukukhula kwemali esetshenziswayo. Nakuba iklanyelwe ukulawula ukukhula kukahulumeni, ama-TELL angacindezela amadolobha lapho izindleko zishibhikiselwa phambili, okuholela ekuhwebelaneni okunzima. Amanye amadolobha aye aphendukela kwenye imithombo yemali noma intela yomsebenzisi ukuze akhiphe imingcele, engasusa umthwalo wentela kubathengi noma kubasebenzisi benkonzo.

Imikhuba Engcono Kakhulu Yokulawula Uhlelo Lokusebenzisa Imali

Amadolobha ahamba phambili asebenzisa izindlela zokuthuthukisa ukuqina kwemali nokusebenzisa imali ngendlela evumelana nemigomo yomphakathi.

Ukuhlelwa Kwezimali Kweminyaka Eminingi

Kunokuba agxile kuphela onyakeni owodwa wemali, amadolobha aphumelelayo aqala amasu emali engenisa imali engenisa imali nezindleko zemali eminyakeni engaphezu kwemitha emithathu kuya kwemihlanu. La mapulani asiza ekuboneni izikhala zesikhathi esizayo, ahlanganisa izibopho zesikhathi eside (njengeminikelo yempesheni nenkonzo yezikweletu), futhi abeke eceleni izimali zezidingo zezindleko ezaziwayo. Amadolobha amaningi asakaza lezi zicwangciso kanye nemali yawo yaminyaka yonke ukuze anikeze umongo nokukhanya. I-GFOA inikeza isiqondiso esiningi ngokuhlela imali isikhathi eside.

Izindleko Zohlelo Nemisebenzi

Ukuhlelwa kwendlela yesiko ngokuvamile kugxila ezingeni ezifakwayo (umzk., “sisebenzise u-$X emnyangweni womlilo”). Ukusetshenziswa kwemali okusekelwe ekusebenziseni imali kushintsha ukunaka kwemiphumela (umzk., “hlela isikhathi sokwakha imililo yehlisiwe ngo-20%”). Ngokuxhumanisa izimali ezinyangweni zomsebenzi, amadolobha anganikezela imithombo ngokushelela ngokwengeziwe futhi aqaphele izinhlelo ezingasebenzi. Amabhodi emisebenzi, njengalawo asetshenziswa yi-Baltimoret Citissat program, vumela abaphathi ukuba bathuthuke ngempumelelo futhi balungise izinhlelo ngesikhathi sangempela.

Ukuhlanganyela Nokwenza Umphakathi Ubone Ingaphandle

Ukwethemba uhulumeni kwakhiwa lapho izakhamuzi ziqonda indlela esetshenziswa ngayo ama-dollar azo entela. Izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zihlanganisa ukunyathelisa izinhlelo ezihlongozwayo nezizokugcina zemali ku-inthanethi ku-inthanethi yomngane, ukuba nezindaba zomphakathi eziningi ngezikhathi ezifinyelelweyo nangezindawo, nokunikeza imininingwane efingqiwe ecacile. Amanye amadolobha, njenge-San Francisco, anikeza amathuluzi okuhlela imali avumela izakhamuzi ukuba zihlole intengiselwano-okanye. Ukubonisa qhamisa kuhlanganisa nokufaka izitatime zemali ezibhalwe ngomazisi ezikhona.

Ukuhlukanisa Imali

Ukuthembela esisekelweni esisodwa sentela kuyingozi. Amadolobha kufanele ajonge itheku elilinganiselwe lempahla, ukuthengisa, inzuzo, nenzuzo esekelwe kumsebenzisi. Ukuhlukanisa akugcini nje ngokuqinisa inzuzo yezentengiselwano kodwa futhi kusakaza umthwalo wentela emaqenjini ahlukene ezomnotho. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kwentela okuhlukahlukene kumelwe kuqashelwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuhlenga-hlengisa izakhiwo zentela noma ukuxosha amabhizinisi nezakhamuzi. Amasu ezomnotho andisa isisekelo sentela (isakhiwo esisha, intuthuko yezentengiselwano, ukuchuma kwezentengiselwano, ukukhula komsebenzi) ayindlela evumelanayo.

Ubuchwepheshe Obubi Bokusetshenziswa Kwemali Ngokunenzuzo

Ubuchwepheshe banamuhla bunikeza amathuluzi anamandla okuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwemali nokulandisa.

Ukuhlelwa kwezinhlelo kanye ne-ERP

Izimiso zokuhlela izimali (ERP) ezihlanganisa ukuphatha imali, ukuthengwa, imithombo yabantu, kanye nokukhokha isakhiwo esisesiteji esisodwa. Lezi zimiso zenza imisebenzi ezenzekelayo, zinciphisa amaphutha, futhi zinikeza ukubonakala kwangempela kwesikhathi ekusebenziseni ngokuphikisana nemali. Izinhlelo zokuhlelwa kwemali zivumela ukufakwa kweminyango ebambisanayo, ukufanekisa, nokulawula izinhlelo. Izimiso zokuhola njenge-MFUSC, i-SAP, noma i-Tyler Technicologies zisetshenziswa ngamadolobha amaningi aphakathi namakhulu.

Imininingwane Yezinqumo Eziwulwazi

Imishini ephambili yokuhlola ingaguqula imininingwane yezezimali ibe izici ezisebenzayo. Izimo ze-odoli ezibikezelayo zisiza ekubikezeleni inzuzo nezindleko ngokunembile. Ukuthungatha kungalawula izindlela zokusebenzisa imali ezingavamile ezingase zibonise ukukhohlisa noma ukuhluleka. Amathuluzi okuhlola izindleko angavumela amadolobha ukuba ahlole ukubuya kwesikhathi eside emikhankasweni emikhulu. Amanye amadolobha azama ukuhlela izimali,” esebenzisa umshini ukufunda ukulinganisela inzuzo ezindaweni ezisebenza kuzo zonke.

Izakhamuzi-Ifuna Iziteshi Zokubona Kahle

Izindawo zokuvula izimali zenza izakhamuzi zikwazi ukubona imali, imali, kanye nemininingwane yemisebenzi kumafomethi abonisayo, ahambisanayo. Izibonelo zihlanganisa i-Open Gov, i-Clah Gov, ne-Scheckbook NYC. Lezi ziteshi zivame ukuhlanganisa ama-mesethi akopishelwa izintatheli nabacwaningi. Ngaphandle kokubona ngokucacile, amanye amadolobha asebenzisa ama-terupt ukuze afake izilinganiso eziphambili ngokuvota noma ngokuziphaka, ukukhuthaza umuzwa wokuthatha i-lobonke phakathi kwezakhamuzi.

Isiphetho

Uhlelo lwemali lwamadolobha lungaphezulu kakhulu kunezindawo zokuhlela nokuhlela ngokunenzuzo, ziveza izindinganiso nezindawo eziza kuqala zomphakathi. Kusukela ekuqoqweni kwentela yendawo kuya ekuqoqweni kwezimali phakathi kwezinhlelo nemisebenzi eminingi, le nqubo idinga ubuchwepheshe, ikhono lezombangazwe, kanye nesibopho esijulile senkonzo yomphakathi. Izakhamuzi eziqonda indlela idolobha lazo eliphatha ngayo imali lihlonyiselwe kangcono ukuba lingene ezimisweni zomphakathi, lisekele izithakazelo zalo, futhi libambe izikhulu ezikhethiwe. Njengoba amadolobha eqhubeka encintisana nokungaqiniseki kwezomnotho, izakhiwo zokuguga, imfuno ekhulayo, izimiso zokubona kude, ukuhlela, nokukhokha imali ehlukahlukeneyo ziyohlala zibalulekile ukuze kwakhiwe futhi kutholakale ngokulinganayo.

ukuze uqhubeke ufunda ngezimali zikamasipala, vakashela i-Hulumeni yezezimali i-Association (GOA]) neNational League of Cities ([]NLC), kokubili okunyathelisa iziqondiso ezibanzi nokucwaninga ngezindlela zokuhlela izindlela ezingcono kakhulu.[