Intela

Inkinga Yesimiso: Ukuxhasa Imfundo Ngokuqhathaniswa Nentela

Isimiso somphakathi sivame ukuphoqelela ukuba kukhethwe intela ekhona phakathi kwezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu. Zimbalwa izikhungo zokuhwebelana eziphikelelayo noma ezingokwezombangazwe ezibekwe njengesibopho sokuxhasa imfundo yomphakathi kanye nomthwalo wentela obekwe ezakhamuzini nasemabhizinisini. Imali ngayinye eyabelwe izikole kumelwe ivele kwenye indawo, futhi umthombo oyinhloko uhlale ukhona enkokhelweni yentela endaweni, ewumbuso, nakumazinga ombuso. Umbuzo oyinhloko awukho ukuthi imfundo ifanelwe yini ukuxhaswa ngemali, kodwa ukuthi ingaxhaswa kanjani ngendlela eyanele ukuze abafundi baphumelele futhi basekele abaholi bentela ngemali. Lokhu kuhlola okunwebile kuhlola imiphumela yangempela yale misebenzi yezentengo, izici zokwakha eziyibumbayo, nezici zesakhiwo ezithinta, nobufakazi obungaqondisayo abenzi benqubo yokukhipha izimali ezingekho.

Isisekelo: Isizathu Sokuba Imfundo Isekele Izinto

Imfundo iqashelwa kabanzi njengenzuzo yomphakathi nezinzuzo ezidlulela ngalé komfundi ngamunye. Isimiso semfundo esiphambili sisebenza ngokunamandla ngeholo elingcono, amazinga obugebengu, ukuthatha ingxenye enkulu yomphakathi, nomkhiqizo okhuphukayo wezomnotho. Izinga lemfundo enikezwa emakilasini e-K-12 nasemitholazweni ephakeme lixhomeke ngokuqondile emithola-mali etholakalayo yokuqasha othisha abanekhono, ukulondoloza izakhiwo ezilondekile nezimanje, ukunikeza izinkonzo zokufundisa ezisezingeni eliphezulu, nokusekela abafundi abanezidingo ezihlukahlukene.

Ithonya Eliqondile Ngemiphumela Yabafundi

Ukucwaninga kukubonisa ngokungaguquki ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwemfundo ethé xa isetshenziswa kakhulu, uma iqondiswa ngokuphumelelayo, kuholela ekuthuthukiseni okungalawulekiyo ekuphumeleleni komfundi. Umphethi ophezulu ngemali ngemali uhlobene nobukhulu obuncane besigaba, uthisha ongcono, futhi ukufinyelela kakhulu emsebenzini wemfundo ophambili. Ngokwesibonelo, ukutadisha okungokophawulwe kakhulu kukaJackson, uJohnson, noPersco kwathola ukuthi ukwanda kwenani lemali echithwayo yonke iminyaka engu-12 yemfundo yomphakathi kuholela ekwandeni kwemiholo yabantu abadala, kanye nesilinganiso esingu-3,2 seqophelo elikhuphukela phambili emsebenzini wobumpofu owenziwa minyaka yonke. Lokhu kukhulu kushiwo kakhulu ngezingane ezingeni eliphansi, ukuhlanganisa indima yokuzuza imali ekwandisiwe kuyo yonke.

Imiphumela Yokungahlaliseki

Uma ihluleka ukuxhasa imali engokwezimali, imiphumela iyashesha. Ukuswelakala kothisha kuyashesha. Njengoba amaholo ehluleka ukuhambisana nokunyuka kwamandla emali kanye nezindlela ezithile zomsebenzi. Ukuwohloka kwemivuzo yesikole, nezikole zasebekhulile ezibhekene nezinkinga ezinjengokungashisisa, ukupholisa, noma ukuxhumanisa i-inthane ne-intanethi. Izinhlelo zobuciko, ukuqeqesha umsebenzi, nemfundo engokomzimba ngokuvamile kungokokuqala ukunqanyulwa. Abafundi ezifundeni ezingaphansi kwemingcele abakwazi ukufinyelela ezifundweni eziphambili zezindawo zokweluleka, ukunikeza iziluleko, ukululeka, nemisebenzi yangemva kwesikole ekwakhela inhloko yezenhlalo neyo. Izindleko ezinde zomphakathi zihlanganisa izisebenzi ezinekhono eliphansi, ukuhamba okuncishisiwe kwezomnotho, nezindleko eziphakeme ezinkonzweni yezenhlalo.

Inzuzo: Ukukhokha Intela Njengenkampane Yezemfundo

Ukuthembela ezinhlwini ngazinye kuyahlukahluka ngokuphawulekayo ngokombuso nangokwesigodi, kwakha iqoqo lemali eliyimikhakha ngokuvamile elibonisa ingcebo yendawo kunaleyo abafundi abayidingayo.

Intela Eyinhloko Yemfundo

• [ Intela eyisimo [ ilokhu iwumthombo owodwa omkhulu kakhulu wenzuzo yendawo ezikoleni. Ngenxa yokuthi amanani empahla ayahlukahluka kakhulu, izifunda zasezindaweni ezicebile zinganyusa imali eningi kakhulu kumfundi ngamunye ngesilinganiso sentela ayinikwe ngokwesilinganiso esithile kunasezifundazwe emiphakathini empofu kakhulu.
• [ Intela [ isetshenziswa yizifundazwe eziningi ukusekela ukuxhaswa kwemfundo, kodwa ibuye ihlele, idla ingxenye enkulu yeholo elivela emikhayeni ethola imali ephansi nephakathi.
• [ Izintela ezifikayo [ ezingeni likahulumeni ngokuvamile zithuthuka kakhulu futhi zinikeza umfula wemali ozinzile, nakuba zibhekene nokumelana kwezombangazwe nokwanda.
• [ Ukuxhasa ngemali [ kubangela cishe u-8-10% wemali yemfundo ye K-12, ukubeka izinhlelo ezithile njengesihloko I (abafundi abangakwazi) kanye no-Antu abanomthetho wemfundo okhubazekayo (IDEA).

Inselele Yezombangazwe Yokwandisa Intela

Ukwanda kwentela yemfundo ngokuvamile kubhekana nokuphikiswa okukhulu. Izivumelwano ezimelene nentela ephakeme zihlanganisa ukugomela kokuthi banciphisa inzuzo elahlwayo, bakhubaza ukutshala kwezebhizinisi, futhi balimaza ukukhula kwezomnotho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abakhokhi bentela bangase bangalethembi ikhono likahulumeni lokusebenzisa imali eyengeziwe ngokuhlakanipha, ukwesaba ukulahlwa noma ukulahlwa kwendawo engafanele. Isibopho sesikole nelevy arentenda ngokuvamile ziyahluleka, ikakhulukazi emiphakathini lapho isilinganiso esikhulu sabavoti bengenayo izingane zesikole. Lokhu kungathiya kwesidingo semali nentela kusezingeni lokukhokha.

Ukuhlaziya Izindawo Zokuhwebelana: Ukujula Ne - Nuance

Impikiswano ephakathi kwemali ekhokhelwa imfundo nentela ayiyona nje into elula, ihlanganisa ukuphumelela kwezomnotho, ukuhlangana kwemithombo yengcebo nokusakazwa kwemithombo yengcebo. Ukuqonda lezi zingqimba kubalulekile ukuze udlulele ngalé kokukhuluma okuhlukene.

Ukuphumelela Kwezomnotho Kuphikisana Nezimo Zomphakathi

Abaphikisi bentela ephakeme bavame ukuveza umqondo wokulahlekelwa ngokobunzima obufileyo: ukuncipha komsebenzi wezomnotho okwenzekayo lapho intela iqeda umsebenzi, ilondoloza, noma ivezi. Nakuba lokhu kuyinto engokoqobo, ubukhulu bayo buhlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngohlobo lwentela nokuthi inzuzo isetshenziswa kanjani. Ukuncishiswa kwemfundo [ kuboniswe ukuveza izinga eliphakeme lokubuya kwezentengiselwano. Izibalo zezazi zezezomnotho ezinjengo-Eric Hanushek zisikisela ukuthi intuthuko ejwayelekile yokuphambuka ekuhloleni inombolo ephindwe ka-1% ekwandiseni kwaminyaka yonke kweGDP. Uma izinhlelo zentela ezikhuphula izimali ezikhuphuza inhloko yenhloko yezimali, inzuzo yezentengo yezentengo engcono, ngisho nanoma yimiphi imiphumela eguquguqukayo yentela.

Ukulingana Nokushintsha Kwezimali Zendawo

Enye yezilinganiso ezibucayi kakhulu ze-costaff i-ective. Ukuncika ezikoleni zempahla zendawo kusho ukuthi izingane ezisezindaweni ezicebile zijabulela izikole ezinemivuzo ephambili kuyilapho lezo ezisezindaweni ezimpofu zilwa nemithombo embalwa. Lokhu kwenza ukungalingani : izilinganiso eziphansi zempahla eziholela ezikoleni eziphansi, eziveza imiphumela ephansi yemfundo, eshintsha imingcele yemfundo ethola amathuba nezindinganiso zempahla esikhathini esizayo. Amazwe aye athuthela ezindaweni ezisezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu zokuxhasa izimali, njengangendlela yokulungisa noma ngosizo olukhuphuzile, aye anciphisa le nkinga, kodwa asusa imfucucumfucu. Umbiko wezwe ovela ku-FFONT [F:] Izemfundo yezezentengiselwano yezentengo yeze.[FFoct][3]

Ukuvumelana Kwezizukulwane

Ukukhokhisa intela yemfundo kuphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokuthi ubani okhokhayo nokuthi obani ozuzayo. Abantu abadala abangenabantwana bangakuzonda ukukhokha izintela eziphakeme zezikole abazibheka njengezingazizuzisi ngokuqondile. Nokho, izinzuzo zabantu abafundileyo − njengokukhiqiza okuphakeme, ubugebengu obuphansi, kanye nabavoti abanolwazi olungcono (accrueus kunoma ubani, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unabantwana esikoleni. Lokhu kuyinselele ephambili yemigomo yomphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imfundo elinganiselwe namuhla ibeka izindleko zesikhathi esizayo emphakathini ozokwehliswa yisizukulwane esilandelayo sabakhokhi bentela.

Izinselele Zokuqapha Nezokuphatha

I-thendoff futhi idlala izindleko ezihlukile ezindaweni ezikude. Izigodi zasemaphandleni zivame ukubhekana nezindleko eziphakeme cishe ngesilinganiso ngasinye sezindleko ngenxa yezidingo zokuhamba nokulahlekelwa kwemali, kodwa zinendawo encane yokukhokha intela. Izindawo zasemadolobheni zingaba nemali eningi ekhudlwana ezindaweni ezidingwayo kodwa futhi zibhekene nezindleko eziphakeme zemfundo ekhethekile, abafundi besiNgisi, kanye nokulondeka. Amazwe angaphansi kwezindawo anezikhungo zentela ezinkulu zinganikela ngaphandle kokukhuphula intela enkulu. Ikhambi lentengosi yentela entengosi yemali kumele ibangele ukuba kugwenywe le zindawo ezidilishiwe ezindaweni ezihlukene ukuze kugwenywe ukujela abafundi abafunda isiNgisi abahlala kuzo.

Ngalé Kwezigaba Ezimbaxambili: Izimonyo Ezishintshayo

Iqaphela imingcele yezindlela ezivamile zokuthatha intela nentela, izifunda eziningi zihlola ezinye izindlela zokuxhasa imali ezinganezela noma zilungise kabusha imali yezemfundo. Lezi zimo zifuna ukunciphisa ukungezwani kwentela kwezombangazwe kuyilapho zisanikeza imithombo eyanele.

Umngane Womphakathi

Izinhlangano phakathi kwezifunda nezinhlangano ezizimele zingaletha imithombo eyengeziwe ngaphandle kokwenyuswa kwentela. Izinkampani zingaxhasa ukusungulwa kobuchwepheshe, zinikeze ubuchwepheshe bezinhlelo zemisebenzi, noma izakhiwo zesikole ezixhasa iminikelo yokusiza. ubudlelwane obuhlelwe kahle [ bungathuthukisa iminikelo yezemfundo, kodwa futhi ziphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngethonya lezenkampani futhi zingenzeki uma izimali zangasese zigeleza ngokulandelana kweminikelo yezemali ezikoleni ezise zingeniswe kakade.

Ukulondolozwa Kwama - akhawunti Nezibukeli Zemfundo

Ezinye izigodi ziye zasebenzisa ama-akhawunti emfundo (ES) noma izinhlelo zokuqinisekisa ezivumela izimali zomphakathi ukuba zilandele abafundi ezikoleni zomuntu siqu noma zomthetho-mthetho. Abasekeli baphikisa ngokuthi lokhu kungenisa ukuncintisana futhi kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, kuyilapho abagxeki bephikisa ngokuthi kuphambukisa imali esimisweni sesikole somphakathi futhi kungandisa ukwandiswa kwezindawo. Ubufakazi obuvela ezimisweni ezinjengeFlorida neWisconsian bubonisa imiphumela engathi sína [[[FLT:]] imiphumela efezweyo, kanye nezinye izifundo ezibonisa inzuzo elinganiselwe kumamukeli wesikole futhi abanye ababonisa imiphumela emibi emiphumelweni yomphakathi.

Izinyathelo Zokuqala Ezisekelwe Emkhakheni

Imiphakathi yendawo iye yaphendukela kakhulu ekukhokheleni izintela ezithile zemfundo, njengentela yephakethe noma intela yokuthengiselwa. Lezi zinyathelo zihlanganisa izimemezelo zokushona kwelanga nezimfuneko zokulandisa ngokuqinile ukuze ivoti ithole ukuvunyelwa. Ngokwesibonelo, izifunda zesikole eziningi zaseCalifornia ziye zadlulisa intela ngamaphasela amakhulu amabili-ntathu, zinika inzuzo emali eqondile yendawo kuyilapho zinikeza abakhokhi bentela amazwi aqondile ngendlela emali esetshenziswa ngayo. Ukubika ngokucace nangokucacile ngemiphumela kungasiza ekwakheni nasekulondolozeni ukuthenjwa komphakathi kulezi zinyathelo zentela ezifunwayo.

Izinguquko Zentela Ezisekela Imfundo

Kunokuba baphakamise amazinga entela ebanzi, abenzi bezimiso bangahlela izimiso zentela ukuze ziphumelele futhi zilinganiseke lapho kusungulwa inzuzo yemfundo. Ukukhetha kuhlanganisa izikhala zentela zenkampani , zisebenzise izigwegwegwe zentela eziqhubekayo ezifuna abanikazi bentela abaphezulu, futhi zidala intela yesifunda noma yefa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikweleti zentela zeminikelo yezifundo zemfundo noma yesikole zinganciphisa ukupha okungasese kuyilapho intela yenetha isamba senetha. Ukukhokha intela nokunciphisa izindleko zentela nokuthobela intela kungakhokha imali eyengeziwe yezelelwa ngaphandle kokukhushulwa kwentela.

Umbono Wezizwe Zonke: Lokho Amazwe Akwamanye Akwenzayo

Ukuhlola izimali ezinikezwa abakhangisi kwamanye amazwe athuthukile kunikeza amafashoni awusizo. Amazwe anjengeFinland, iJalimane, neCanada anikela kakhulu emfundweni, kanye nezindleko zomphakathi ngokwezinga elingaphezulu kakhulu kwele-GDP eUnited States. iFinland, ehlala iphakeme kakhulu ekuhlolweni kwezwe lonke, inikeza imali elinganayo ezikoleni zonke , isebenzisa iqoqo lemfundo yesizwe, futhi izikole ngokuyinhloko ngentela yezwe nentela yempahla yezwe kunentela yendawo. Lesimiso sinciphisa ukucutha nokungaguquguquki kwemithetho yemfundo yengane. ICanada incike kakhulu ekukhokheleni imali etholakalayo phakathi kwezesifunda, kanye nentela edla imali encane edla indima ewundleniswe yi-U. [FT.] [FFOK] [2] kunyukst CD]

Ukulinganisela: Ukutuswa Kwesimiso Esisebenzayo

Nokho, izindlela eziningana ezithola ubufakazi zingasiza abasunguli bezimiso ukuba balawule ukungathiya phakathi kwemali edingekayo yemfundo nentela ekhokhelwayo.

Ukuxhumanisa Izimali Ezivelayo Nokulandisa

Abakhokhi bentela bazimisele kakhulu ukusekela imali exhasa imfundo lapho bebona imiphumela ebonakalayo. Izwe nezifunda kufanele zisebenzise izimiso ezibonisayo zokubika ukuthi ukuchitha umkhondo umfundi ngamunye, ukuphumelela kwabafundi, amazinga okuthweswa iziqu, nezinye izikhiyo eziyisihluthulelo. [imali eqinile] izimali zabafundi ezisekela imali [ ezinikeza abafundi imali eningi ngezidingo ezinkulu (ezinjengaleyo ekhona ephansi, amaNgisi afundayo, noma imfundo ekhethekile) zingathuthukisa kokubili ukufaneleka nokuphumelela. Uma u-Foffta ebona ukuthi izimali ezengeziwe ziyaqondiswa lapho bedingeka khona kakhulu futhi ziveza khona intuthuko engcono, ukumelana nokukhushukuma kwentela okuvame ukudamba kakhulu.

Ukonakala Entelani Kushintsha Kancane Kancane

Ngokuphazima kweso, ukwanda kwentela enkulu kuvame ukubangela ukuntengantenga okukhulu. Abenzi bezempatho banganciphisa ukungezwani kwezezombangazwe ngokuphakela imali eminyakeni eminingana, beyihlanganisa ngezinguquko ezihambelana nokusetshenziswa kwemali noma ukukhululeka ngentela kwenye indawo. Ngokwesibonelo, uhulumeni ungandisa izinga lentela eholwayo ngesigamu sesilinganiso sengxenye yesilinganiso sengxenye yemali unyaka ngamunye iminyaka emihlanu kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo ukwandisa ukukhokha intela ehlawulwayo ngokukhokha imali encane. Lokhu kunweba umthwalo kanye nokuncishiswa kwemiphumela yabakhokhi bentela.

Amandla Okuthatha Isinqumo Endaweni Engaphakathi Komsebenzi Wombuso

Ukulinganisa ukulawulwa kwendawo ne-quity kudinga ukuhlukaniswa okunengqondo kwemithwalo yemfanelo. Izwe lingahlela amazinga alinganiselwe ngokwezimali futhi linikeze izivumelwano ezilinganayo ezifundeni eziphansi ze-oldenneal kuyilapho livumela imiphakathi ecebile ukuba ithaselise ngezintela zendawo uma ikhetha. Lokhu kulondoloza ukuzimela kwendawo kwalabo abafuna ukukhonzwa lapho beqinisekisa ukuthi isisekelo sokungalawuleki kuyo yonke indawo. Ngokwesibonelo, iMassachusetts, isebenzisa uhlelo lwesisekelo semali esilungisiwe seziciko zabafundi kanye nesikhundla sendawo, okuphumela ekutholeni izimali ezingeni eziphakeme nezingalingani nelinganayo ezisezindaweni zonke.

Ukutshala Imali Ekuqaleni Kwezingane Ne - Postsecondary

Abenzi bezenqubo kufanele bagweme ukuphathwa kwe K-12 ngokwezimali ngokuhlukaniswa. Ukucwaninga kubonisa ukuthi imfundo yasekuqaleni yezingane iphakathi kwezinzuzo eziphakeme kakhulu ekungeniseni imali, nezinzuzo emsebenzini wesikole wamuva, iholo, nezindleko ezincishisiwe emphakathini. Ngokufanayo, ukuxhasa imali eyanele emakholijini omphakathi namayunivesithi ezwe kuqinisekisa ukuthi ipayipi elisuka ku K-12 kuya kumfundo ephakeme lihlala liqinile. Indlela ebanzi ebheka imfundo njenge-avementum ingasiza ekuthetheleleni inzuzo edingekayo ukuze intela edingekayo ukuze isekelwe, njengoba inzuzo ende yezomnotho neyomphakathi iqhubeka isobala kakhulu.

Isiphetho

Ukudayisa phakathi kwemali exhaswayo yemfundo nentela akuwona umdlalo wezero-lum. Ngokuhlela ngokucophelela, kungenzeka ukwandisa imithombo yezemfundo kuyilapho kugcinwa isimiso sentela esilungile, esiphumelelayo, nesingalondolozwa kwezombangazwe. Impumelelo idinga ukunyakazisa izimpikiswano ezilula ngokuphathelene nokuphakamisa noma ukusika intela futhi esikhundleni sokugxila ekuthuthukiseni inzuzo yemali, indlela enikezwa ngayo, nendlela elinganiswa ngayo. [[FLT: 0] Ukutshala imfundo kungenisa emkhakheni wezentekotho nezenhlalakahle yezenhlalakahle yezwe esikhathini esizayo. Inselele yabenzi bezentengiselwano ibonise ngayo inani laleyo mali kanye nezinkathazo ezifaneleyo. Ngokuhlanganisa ukuvela, ukubonakala, ukubonakala, ukukhubazeka, nokukhubazeka, nokukhubazeka, ukukhubazeka, ukukhubazeka kwale le nqubo yeze yezentengo nengokwenculo, kulungisa le nqubo yeze yakhakhaza futhi yakha lonke ulwazi. [FFoct:][2][2]