Table of Contents

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala soMthetho-sisekelo waseUnited States singesinye sesivikelo esinamandla kakhulu senkululeko yomuntu ngamunye embusweni wentando yeningi waseMelika. Samukelwa ngo - 1791 njengengxenye yeBill of Rights, sithi: “Isivumelwano ngeke senze mthetho ngokuphathelene nokumiswa kwenkolo, noma ukunqatshelwa kokusetshenziswa kwayo; noma ukuvimbela inkululeko yokukhuluma, noma yezindaba; noma ilungelo labantu lokuhlangana ngokuthula..." Lenkululeko eyisisekelo iba egxeka kakhulu phakathi nokhetho nemibhikisho yomphakathi, lapho izakhamuzi zisebenzisa ilungelo lazo lomthetho-mthetho ukuze zidlulisele imibono yazo yezombangazwe, zisekele ushintsho, futhi zihlanganyele enqubwebweni yentando yeningi.

Ukuqonda amalungelo akho eSichibiyelo sokuqala phakathi nalezi zikhathi ezibalulekile kubalulekile kuyisakhamuzi ngasinye saseMelika. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uzakuvota, ukhankasele umkhankaso wombhalisa, uye emhlanganweni wezombangazwe, noma uhlanganyele ekubhikisheni ngokuthula, ukwazi izinga nemingcele yesivikelo somthetho-sisekelo wakho kukunika amandla okungenela ukuphila komphakathi ngokubaluleka kuyilapho uhlala ungaphakathi kwemingcele engokomthetho. Lesiqondiso esibanzi sihlola ukugqama kwesivikelo seSimemezelo sokuqala phakathi nokhetho lwemibhikisho, sikusiza ukuba ungene emphandleni wenkululeko yokukhuluma, amalungelo emihlangano emikhulu, nokuhlanganyela kwentando yeningi.

Ukuqonda Isichibiyelo Sokuqala

Isisekelo Somthetho - sisekelo

UJames Madison wafaka izinguquko kulezi zimo ngenjongo yokulinganisela amandla kahulumeni nokuvikela inkululeko yabantu. ISichibiyelo sokuqala sivikela inkululeko ehlangene ehlangene ehlangene ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukungenela kwentando yeningi okunamandla. Lezi zihlanganisa inkululeko yokukhuluma, inkululeko yokufuna ukuphepha, ilungelo lokuhlangana ngokuthula, nelungelo lokucela uhulumeni ukuba alungise izikhalo.

ISichibiyelo soMthetho-sisekelo Wokuqala wase-U.S. sivikela amalungelo abantu okubuthana ukuze babhikishe (inkululeko yokuhlangana), bakhulume ngaphandle (inkululeko yokukhuluma), futhi bacele uhulumeni ukuba ashintshe ngaphandle kokuphindisela (ilungelo lokucela). Lamalungelo abaluleke kakhulu embusweni wentando yeningi waseMelika kangangokuba aba inkululeko yokuqala yomuntu siqu eqinisekiswe engxenyeni yoMthetho-sisekelo obizwa ngokuthi i-Bill of Rights.

Okubalulekile ukuthi iSichibiyelo Sokuqala asisona nje izakhamuzi zaseU.S. kuphela futhi sivikela izivakashi zamazwe ngamazwe ezihlanganyela emibhikishweni yasobala engokomthetho nasemibhikishweni.

Inkulumo Yezombangazwe: Indlela Ephakeme Kakhulu Yokubonisa Isivikelo

Inkulumo yezombangazwe ithola isivikelo esikhudlwana ngaphansi kwesimiso sokukhuluma esikhululekile seSichibiyelo Sokuqala kunangezinye izinhlobo zokukhuluma. INkantolo Ephakeme iye yaqaphela ngokungaguquki ukuthi incazelo yezombangazwe isekelwe emnyombweni wesivikelo seSichibiyelo Sokuqala, ithola izivikelo eziqinile kakhulu zomthetho - sisekelo.

Inkulumo yezombangazwe ihlanganisa okungaphezu nje kwenkulumo ehlobene nemikhankaso yezikhulu zezombangazwe, futhi ihlanganisa nokusekela izindaba eziphikisanayo.

Inkulumo yezombangazwe ihlanganisa futhi nenkulumo egxeka izikhulu zikahulumeni. Esinqumweni esivelele iNew York Times Co. Sullivan (1964), iNkantolo yaphetha ngokuthi inkulumo enjalo yayimelela "incazelo eyinhloko" yeSichibiyelo Sokuqala. Lesivikelo siqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamuzi zingabagxeka ngokukhululekile labo abaphethe ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuziphindiselela kukahulumeni.

Inkululeko Yokukhuluma Phakathi Nokukhetha

Izinga Lezivikelo Zokukhuluma

Phakathi nezinkathi zokukhetha, izakhamuzi zijabulela isivikelo esikhulu ukuze ziveze imibono yazo yezombangazwe, zisekele abazobhapathizwa, futhi zihlanganyele enkulumweni yezombangazwe.

Lesivikelo sidlulela ezindleleni ezihlukahlukene zokubonakaliswa kwezombangazwe, kuhlanganise nalezi:

  • Abazohlolwa noma abazophikisa obala
  • Ukusakaza izincwadi namapheshana emikhankaso
  • Ukubonisa izimpawu zegceke namabhuleki
  • Ukuhlanganyela ekubekeni izingcingo nasekuhlinzeni
  • Ukuthumela imibono yezombangazwe kuyi - Internet
  • Ukuya nokukhuluma emibuthanweni yezombangazwe
  • Ukugqoka izingubo zomkhankaso ezindaweni eziningi zomphakathi

INkantolo iye yachaza kuMcIntre v.O.Ecomments Commission (1995) ukuthi "ukunikeza amapheshana embonweni ophikisana nempikiswano yezombangazwe – kuyisici esiyinhloko seSichibiyelo Sokuqala." Lemisebenzi yotshani yakha isisekelo sokuhlanganyela kwentando yeningi futhi ithole isivikelo esiqinile somthetho-sisekelo.

Imali Nemali Esetshenziswa Ezombangazwe

Ubuhlobo phakathi kwemali nenkulumo yezombangazwe kuye kwaba indawo ephikisanayo yomthetho weSichibiyelo Sokuqala.

Inkantolo yasekela imingcele yomnikelo, ithi nakuba imali enikelwa ngezinjongo zezombangazwe ihilela iziNguquko Zokuqala, isithakazelo sikahulumeni sokuvimbela ukonakala noma ukubonakala kwakho siye sakuvumela ukuthatha isinyathelo esinjalo.

Izakhamuzi i-United zaqaphela amalungelo eSichibiyelo sokuqala sezinhlangano ukuthi awahlukile kulawo abantu. Lesi sinqumo esiphikisanayo sika-2010 ngokuyisisekelo siguqula umthetho wezezimali. Izinhlangano nezinyunyana zingasebenzisa imali engenamkhawulo ekukhangiseni kwezombangazwe nakwezinye izimemezelo zokusekela noma ukuphikisa, obezosiza. Zingenza kanjalo ngeminikelo ePhakeme, engamukela iminikelo engenamkhawulo futhi isebenzise imali ekhokhelwa izindleko ezizimele nemisebenzi yezombangazwe.

Imingcele Ngenkulumo Yezombangazwe Phakathi Nezinqumo

Nakuba inkulumo yezombangazwe ijabulela isivikelo esiqinile, kunemingcele ethile enengqondo yokulondoloza ubuqotho bokhetho nokuhleleka komphakathi. INkantolo yasekela umthetho omelene nokukhetha eTennessee owavimbela ukucela abavoti ngamamitha ayikhulu ezindaweni zokuvota. Lezi "zindawo eziseduze" ezihlolayo" zisiza ekuvimbeleni ukwesatshiswa nokuhleleka phakathi nenqubo yokuvota.

Nokho, iNkantolo Ephakeme yawisa umthetho waseMinnesota owenqabela zonke izigqoko "zezombangazwe" ezindaweni zokuhlola njengezingenangqondo, ngisho noma iqaphela isithakazelo sikahulumeni esivamile ekuqondiseni izindawo zokuhlola. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi imingcele kumelwe ilungiswe kancane futhi ingavuleki kakhulu.

Indinganiso ye-libral ye-New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964), eklanyelwe ukukhuthaza impikiswano eqinile yezombangazwe, ibonakala ingabantu abafuna ukuhlangana ngaphambi kokuba bathathe inkulumo yabo itholakale iphula iSichibiyelo Sokuqala. Ukufakazela izibalo zomphakathi, kumelwe kuhlangane nendinganiso ephakeme yokuqinisekisa ngokufaka ubufakazi obucacile nobugculisayo bokuthi abaqondisi bezincwadi baye basho amazwi asho ngenzondo yangempela – kungaba ulwazi lokuthi babengamanga noma bayazi ukuthi bawashaya indiva iqiniso. Le-garp ivikela impikiswano yezombangazwe eqinile, ngisho noma ihlanganisa ukugxeka okunzima noma ukusho okungamanga okungenziwa ngaphandle kwenhloso embi.

Izindaba Ezihlanganisayo: Ukusetshenziswa Kwama - jueffake Nokusetshenziswa Kwamanani

Ngokukhula kwamuva kokuhlakanipha kokuzenzela okufinyele kakhulu kanye nezinye izinhlelo ze-software ezithola ulwazi olubanzi, izingcingo ezijulile zezikhulu zezombangazwe nabazohlolwa ziye zabangela ukukhathazeka kubaphathi bezishaya-mthetho. Izifundazwe eziningi ziye zamisa imithetho eyenza ukuba izintambo zezombangazwe zingene ngokungemthetho okhethweni. Nokho, izinkantolo ziye zayigumbuqela lemithetho ekhomba ngokungalingani. Lokhu kumelela indawo ehlukanisayo yomthetho weSigqi sokuHlazisela Sokuqala njengoba ubuchwepheshe budala izinselele ezintsha zokulinganisela inkulumo ekhululekile neyokungaguquguquki kokhetho.

Izinhlangano Ezingokwenkolo Neziphetho Zezombangazwe

Isivumelwano singasusa izijeziso zentela ezivimbela amaqembu enkolo ukuba avimbele abashisekeli bezombangazwe, ngaphansi komthetho owaziwa ngokuthi iSichibiyelo sikaJohnson. Abasekeli besivumelwano esisha bathi ukuvimbela ukuvunyelwa okunjalo epulpiti kuyimingcele engekho emthethweni emayelana nenkululeko yokukhuluma nenkululeko yenkolo. Lenkulumo eqhubekayo ibonisa ukuhlukana okuyinkimbinkimbi kwenkululeko engokwenkolo, inkambiso yentela, namalungelo ezombangazwe.

Ilungelo Lokuhlangana Nokukhangisa

IZisekelo Zomthetho - sisekelo Zamalungelo Omhlangano

Nakuba iSichibiyelo Sokuqala singalikhulumi ngokoqobo ilungelo lokubhikisha umphakathi, liboniswa emalungelweni okukhuluma, ukuhlangana ngokuthula nokunxusa uhulumeni ukuba ashintshe. INkantolo Ephakeme eDe Jonge v. Oregon (1937) yamemezela ukuthi ilungelo lokuhlangana ngokuthula "liyisisekelo ngokulinganayo" emphakathini okhululekile njengenkululeko yokukhuluma.

Izakhamuzi zaseMelika zinesiko lokuqhosha lokugcizelela ukunganeliseki kwazo ngokubhikisha ngokuthula. Kusukela eBoston Tea Party kuya eNo Kings Day, ukubhikisha kuwumkhuba oyisisekelo emlandweni wase-U.S. futhi omunye wezinto ezakha ukushisekela izwe umuntu angazenza. Lomongo ongokomlando ugcizelela indima eyinhloko yokuvukela embusweni wentando yeningi waseMelika.

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala sivikela ilungelo lakho lokuhlanganisa nokuveza imibono yakho ngokubhikisha.

Lapho Ungaziveza Khona: Ama - Forum Nezindawo Zomphakathi

Ngokuvamile, zonke izinhlobo zokukhuluma zivikelwe ngokomthetho-mthetho "ngezindlela zomphakathi ezingokwesiko" njengemigwaqo, imigwaqo, amapaki nezindawo zomphakathi. Lezindawo zomphakathi ezingokwesiko zinikeza isivikelo esiqinile semisebenzi yokubhikisha.

Emaceleni omphakathi nasemigwaqweni, ababhikishi bangathi:

  • Ukusondela kubantu abahamba ngezinyawo abanamapheshana, amaphephandaba, izicelo nezicelo zeminikelo ngaphandle kwemvume. Kungamiswa futhi amathebula emigwaqweni yalezizinjongo uma kushiywa indawo eyanele ukuba abahamba ngezinyawo badlule. Lezi zenzo zokukhuluma ngokukhululekile zisemthethweni uma nje amasango ezakhiweni engavalekile futhi abadluli bengavalwanga ngokomzimba nangabo.
  • Kutuswa ukuba ushiye ingxenye yomgwaqo evulekile ukuze kungene abantu abahamba ngezinyawo futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ungena kuzo zonke izindawo zokwakha.
  • Akudingeki ukuba amateki aqhubeke ehamba kodwa angahlala endaweni eyodwa uma nje eshiya ikamelo eceleni komgwaqo ukuze abanye badlule.

Futhi cishe unelungelo lokukhuluma kwezinye izindawo zomphakathi, njengezindawo eziphambili ezakhiweni zikahulumeni, uma nje ungakuvimbeli ukungena esakhiweni sikahulumeni noma uphazamise ezinye izinjongo lempahla eyayiklanyelwe zona.

Nokho, abanikazi bempahla bangabeka imithetho yokukhuluma ezindaweni zabo. Uhulumeni ngeke abeke imingcele enkulumweni yakho uma ingenzelwa wena noma ngemvume yomnini mpahla.

Imingcele Yesikhathi, Indawo, Neyomuntu

Nakuba ilungelo lokubhikisha liyisisekelo, alilinganiselwe. Amaphoyisa nezinye izikhulu zikahulumeni bavunyelwe ukubeka imingcele ethile elinganiselwe ekusebenziseni amalungelo okukhuluma. Lemithetho yaziwa ngokuthi "isikhathi, indawo, nendlela".

Uhulumeni angabeka imingcele enengqondo yokuthi kuphi, nini, futhi kanjani ukubhikisha kwenzeka, uma nje imingcele ikhona: okuqukethwe okungasekelwe esigijimini sababhikishi) kunikeza isithakazelo somphakathi (njengesivikelo noma ukulawulwa kwezimoto), futhi kuvumele ezinye izindlela ukuba ababhikishi bakhiphe isigijimi sabo.

Izikhulu zikahulumeni zingalinganisela isikhathi, indawo nendlela yokukhuluma kunoma iyiphi indawo yomphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, iziphathimandla zingavimbela umsindo ovuselelwe phakathi namahora asebusuku ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuphazamiseka komsindo, noma zifune ababhikishi ukuba bahlale emigwaqweni yemigwaqo kunokuba bavimbele imikhondo.

Imingcele endleleni yokumasha noma yemishini yomsindo ingaphula iSichibiyelo Sokuqala uma singadingeki ukuba siqondiswe noma ukuphepha komphakathi, noma uma siphazamisa kakhulu ngokuxhumana okuphumelelayo nezilaleli ezihloselwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi nakuba imingcele ivunyelwe, kumelwe bafeze injongo engokomthetho futhi bangalithwesi ngokungadingekile ikhono lababhikishi lokudlulisela isigijimi sabo.

Izimfuneko Zokuvumela

Amadolobha amaningi nomasipala adinga imvume yokuhlangana okukhulu, ukuma kwemigwaqo, noma izenzakalo ezidinga ukuvalwa kwemigwaqo noma ukuba khona kwamaphoyisa.

Nokho, imvume ayinakuphikwa ngoba lesi senzakalo siphikisana noma sizoveza imibono engathandeki.

Uma imithetho yemvume esebenza ekubhikisheni kwakho idinga intela yemvume, kufanele ivumele umbulali walabo abangakwazi ukukhokhela.

Abaphikisi Nemibono Ekhohlisayo

Abaphikisi akumelwe bavunyelwe ukuba baphazamise ngokoqobo isenzakalo ababhikisha ngaso, kodwa banelungelo lokuba khona nokuveza ukungavumelani kwabo nomyalezo wamademoni. Amaphoyisa avunyelwe ukugcina amaqembu amabili aphikisayo ehlukene kodwa kufanele awavumele ukuba abe phakathi kwendawo ebanzi.

Akuyona imvume ukuba amaphoyisa athathe imishado ehlukile esekelwe esigijimini noma embonweni ovezwayo noma ukuthi obani abahlanganyelayo. Amaphoyisa awakwazi ukucwasa ababhikishi nababhikishi. Lo mbono owenqabela ukuthatha uhlangothi uqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinhlangothi zempikiswano zithola isivikelo esilinganayo nokwelashwa ngokusemthethweni.

Ukungenela Kwamaphoyisa Nomthetho Kuyaphoqelelwa

Indima Yokuphoqelelwa Komthetho

Ukugcinwa komthetho kunendima okufanele iqhutshwe ekubhikisheni, kufanele kusize ilungelo lakho lokubhikisha kuyilapho kuqinisekisa ukuphepha komphakathi. Lo mthwalo wemfanelo ombaxambili udinga amaphoyisa ukuba alinganisele ukuvikela amalungelo okuHlaziya ISichibiyelo Sokuqala nokugcina ukuhleleka nokuphepha.

Ukuqonda lesi sibopho kungasiza ababhikishi ukuba bazi ukuthi yini okufanele bayilindele nokuthi amalungelo abo angase ephulwe nini.

Iziqondiso Ezixakile

Ukuvala ukubhikisha ngokuyala ukuba kusakazwe kufanele kube yikhona lokugcina kwenhlangano yokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa komthetho. Amaphoyisa akufanele anqamule umbuthano ngaphandle kokuba kunengozi esobala nekhona yesiphithiphithi, ukuphazamiseka, ukuphazamisa izimoto, noma okunye usongo olusheshayo ekulondekeni komphakathi.

Uma izikhulu zikhipha umyalo wokuhlakazeka, kumelwe zinikeze ithuba elinengqondo lokuvumelana nakho, kuhlanganise nesikhathi esanele nendlela yokuphuma ecacile.

Ukuthwebula Izithombe Namalungelo Okuqopha Izithombe

Uma ukhona ngokomthetho kunoma imuphi umphakathi, unelungelo lokuthwebula noma yini esobala, kuhlanganise nezakhiwo zikahulumeni namaphoyisa. Lelilungelo lokubhala ukubhikisha nokusebenza kwamaphoyisa lisebenza njengenqubo ebalulekile yokulandisa.

Uma ziqonda lezi sivikelo, amaphoyisa angase angabukhohlisi noma afune ukubuka izithombe noma i - video yenu ngaphandle kwemvume, noma asuse ukwaziswa ngaphansi kwanoma iziphi izimo.

Abaphathi be-ofisi abakwazi ukukuyala ukuba uyeke ukuthwebula amafilimu ngoba nje bengawathandi, kodwa bangakutshela ukuba uyeke uma uphazamisana nemisebenzi yabo. Abaphathi abakwazi ukuthatha isisetshenziswa sakho noma ukususa i-athom yakho ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso sokufuna.

Ukuboshwa Nokuzindela

Uma umiswa umthetho oqinisekisa umthetho, izikhulu zempi noma zikahulumeni, ungabuza ukuthi ukhululekile yini ukuya. Uma bethi yebo, ungahamba ngokuthula, uma uboshiwe noma uvalelwe, unelungelo lokubuza ukuthi kungani. Ngapha kwalokho, masithi uthanda ukuhlala uthule noma ubatshele ukuthi uzophendula imibuzo uma ummeli ekhona, noma kunoma ngabe ungowakini noma ungowakini.

Uma uboshwa, kubalulekile ukubhala ukuhlangana. Bhala phansi konke ongakukhumbula, kuhlanganise namagama ezikhulu, ibhodi, izinombolo, izinombolo zokuqapha umthetho, kanye nezizathu ezishiwoyo zokuxhumana. Thola ukwaziswa kofakazi. Thatha izithombe zanoma ikuphi ukulimala. Gcina amarekhodi ezokwelapha uma ufuna ukunakekelwa ekulapheni ukulimala.

Ukucabangela Amaqembu Ahlukahlukene Ngokukhethekile

Abangahlali Nabafuduki

Abantu abangangeni emabhukwini, kuhlanganise nabantu abaphethe amabhulasi, abaphethe amakhadi aluhlaza, abafuni bezikhoselo, nezifiki ezingabhalwanga, banelungelo lokuphikisa. Iziphetho zeSichibiyelo Sokuqala zidlulela kubo bonke abantu e-United States, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izakhamuzi.

Nokho, abafuduki babhekene nezingozi ezengeziwe zanoma iziphi izingozi ezibangelwa ukuphoqelelwa kwamaphoyisa, ngoba noma yiziphi izingozi, ngisho noma zingaphumela ekumangalelweni noma ekuboshweni, zingaholela ekudingisweni. Lokhu kudinga ukuba abantu abangahlali bahlole ngokucophelela izingozi ngaphambi kokuba bahlanganyele ekubhikisheni.

Njengomuntu ongahlali emakhaya, ungase ufune ukuxhumana nommeli othutha abantu ngaphambi kokuba uphume uyobhikisha. Kubalulekile futhi ukuba uqaphele ukuthi ukuboshwa, ukumangalelwa, noma ukulahlwa ngecala lapho uhlanganyela ekubhikisheni, kungathinta isimo sakho sokufuduka kwamanje nesesikhathi esizayo, noma yiziphi izingcingo zesikhathi esizayo noma imvume, nanoma yikuphi ukuxhumana neziphathimandla zokufuduka.

Abafundi Nezinhlangano Zokukhangisa

Uma ungumfundi wezwe lonke futhi uboshiwe, waboshwa, walengiswa, noma walengiswa noma waxoshwa esimisweni sakho semfundo, ungahluleka ukuhlala ungumfundi obhalisiwe isikhathi esigcwele (imfuneko engokomthetho yesikhundla somfundi e-U.S.. uma ungumfundi wezwe lonke, isilinganiso sakho sokufuduka nezicelo zemvume yesikhathi esizayo zixhomeke ekugcineni umbhalo ohlanzekile ngokulandela yonke imithetho kahulumeni ne-oventine.

Abafundi kufanele baqaphele ukuthi nakuba benamalungelo okuHlakulelwa Kokuqala emakolishi, izinhlangano zemfundo zingase zibeke imingcele ethile enengqondo ehlobene nomsebenzi wemfundo namakolishi.

Izindaba Eziyimfihlo Nezinto Ezikhathazayo

Imishini Ye - electronic Emishinini

Nakuba izokuxhumana nezinye izinhlelo zezokuxhumana ziye zaba amathuluzi abucayi okuhlela nokuhlanganyela ekubhikisheni, ukugcinwa komthetho kuxhomeke futhi kulamathuluzi. Izinhlangano zomthetho zomthetho zisebenzisa nobuchwepheshe bokuqapha njengoSting Rayys obulandela indlela osetshenziswa ngayo umakhalekhukhwini, i-software yokuqaphela ubuso, nokunye okuningi ukubheka nokulandelela ababhikishi.

Ukuze uvikele amathuba akho ezindaba zomuntu siqu, cabanga ngalokhu:

  • Ukuxega ubuso/umunwe/i-biometric glup kungcono kakhulu ukuvala ucingo lwakho lapho uhlela noma uhlanganyela ekubhikisheni.
  • Yazi ukuthi unelungelo lokukwenqaba ukuseshwa kwethuluzi lakho, wenqabe ukukunikeza isikhonkwane noma iphasiwedi, futhi wenqabe ukuyivulela amaphoyisa.
  • Ukubukeza izimiso zakho zezindaba eziyimfihlo zezokuxhumana ukuze kulinganiselwe ukuthi ubani ongabona i - akhawunti yakho nezikhundla ozifakayo.
  • Gwema ukuthwebula noma ukuthumela izithombe zabantu ngaphandle kwemvume yabo yokugwema ingozi eyengeziwe yokuqapha, ukugaxa, nokuphindisela.

Ukulinganiselwa Nemithwalo Yemfanelo

Lapho ISichibiyelo Sokuqala Singasebenzi

Nakuba amalungelo okuHlazinyuliswa Kokuqala eqinile, awaphelele, izigaba ezithile zenkulumo nokuziphatha ziyahluleka ukuvikela ngomthetho - sisekelo:

  • [[[NT:0] Ukuhlohlonyiselwa esenzweni sokungabi namthetho esisondelayo: inkulumo ebhekiswe ekuvuseleleni noma ekubangeleni isenzo sokungabi namthetho esisondelayo futhi ngokunokwenzeka eveza isenzo esinjalo ayivikelwe.
  • Izinsongo zeqiniso:[ izisho lapho isikhulumi sisho ukudlulisela ukubonakaliswa okungathi sína kwenhloso yokufaka isenzo sobudlova obungekho emthethweni kumuntu othile noma eqenjini elithile.
  • [[INTLOBO:0] amagama anamandla:[ amagama alimazayo ngamazwi awo kanye athambekele ekuvuseleleni ukuqhekeka okusheshayo kokuthula.
  • [[Umthetho:0] Ukwakhiwa:[ ngokomzimba kuvimbela amagede okwakha, izindlela, noma ukuvimbela abanye ukuba baqhubeke nebhizinisi labo.
  • ubudlova nokucekelwa phansi kwempahla: ubudlova obungokomzimba, ukucekela phansi, nokucekelwa phansi kwempahla ayivikelwa yiSichibiyelo sokuqala.

Ukuziphatha Okungakhi

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala sivikela ilungelo lokuhlanganisa "ngokuthula." Lokhu kusho ukuthi nakuba intshiseko nentshiseko ivikelekile, ubudlova nomonakalo akuyona. Abavikeli abahileleka ekuziphatheni kobudlova, ukucekela phansi, noma ukuhlasela bangaboshwa futhi bathweswe icala kungakhathaliseki ukuthi badlulisela isigijimi sezombangazwe.

Ukungalaleli kombango − ngokwephula imithetho ngokweqisa ukwenza iphuzu elingokwezombangazwe − kuyindlela yokubhikisha ehloniphekile, kodwa akunikezi ukuvikeleka emiphumeleni engokomthetho. Labo abahileleka ekungalalelini komphakathi bamukela ukuboshwa nokuquliswa icala njengengxenye yecebo labo lokubhikisha, besebenzisa inqubo engokomthetho ngokwayo ukuze badonsele ukunakekela emzamweni wabo.

Ukulinganisela Amalungelo Nokulondeka Komphakathi

Izinkantolo kumelwe zilinganisele amalungelo eSichibiyelo Sokuqala ngokumelene nezithakazelo ezingokomthetho zikahulumeni ngokuphepha komphakathi, ngokuhleleka, namalungelo abanye.

Ukuhlanganyela ekubhikisheni okunemithwalo yemfanelo kuhlanganisa:

  • Ukuqonda nokuvumelana nesikhathi esingokomthetho, indawo, nesimilo
  • Ukuthola imvume edingekayo uma kudingeka
  • Ukuhlonipha amalungelo abamangaleli nalabo abangavumelani nabo
  • Ukugwema ubudlova, ukusongela, nokucekelwa phansi kwempahla
  • Ukushiya abantu abahamba ngezinyawo nezimoto eziphuthumayo ezihamba ngezinyawo ezikhanyayo
  • Ukulandela imiyalo engokomthetho lapho inikezwa
  • Ukubhala lokho okungase kwephulwe amalungelo kuyilapho kuhlala kunokuthula

Intuthuko Yamuva Nezinselele Zanamuhla

Izinkinga Zokuqala ZeSichibiyelo Sanamuhla

Amacala agcizelela ukungezwani okuqhubekayo phakathi kwezinkulumo ezikhululekile nezimiso zikahulumeni zokukhetha. Izinkantolo ziyaqhubeka zilwa nendlela yokulinganisela izivikelo eziqinile zenkulumo yezombangazwe nezithakazelo ezingokomthetho zikahulumeni ekuqondiseni okhethweni nasekulondolozeni ukuhleleka.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje kuye kwaba nokunakwa okwandayo kwezindaba zeSichibiyelo Sokuqala ezicini eziningana:

  • Imibuzo yezezindaba nenkulumo ye-inthanethi: yendlela izimiso zeSichibiyelo sokuqala ezisebenza ngayo kumasiteji e-tec naselubala lwenkulumo yezombangazwe
  • Campus impikiswano ekhululekile: iphikisana ngobukhulu bamalungelo okuveza inkululeko emakholijini nasemayunivesithi
  • Amasu e-Protest: izinselele ezingokomthetho zemingcele emisha yemisebenzi yokubhikisha ezizweni ezihlukahlukene
  • Imizamo yokulwa nokwaziswa okungamanga kuyilapho ivikela inkulumo yezombangazwe
  • Ilungelo lokuqopha ukugcinwa komthetho kanye nokuvinjelwa kwezincwadi

Ukuvikela Amalungelo Akho Ekwenzeni Okuthile

Ukuze uvivinyeke ngokuphumelelayo futhi uvikele amalungelo akho eNguquko Yokuqala phakathi nokhetho nokubhikisha:

  1. Zifundise ngokwakho: Uqonda amalungelo akho ngaphambi kokuhlanganyela emisebenzini yezombangazwe noma ekwalempikiswa. Imivubukulo evela ezinhlanganweni ezinjenge ye-American Civil Liberties Union[ ne Freedom Forum[ inikeza isiqondiso esibalulekile.
  2. [ phambili:[ ivumela izimfuneko zokucwaninga, yazi indlela ehlelwe kahle kanye nesikhathi, futhi iqonde imithetho yendawo engasebenza.
  3. Uhlale wazisiwe: hambisana nomthetho wamanje wecala leSichibiyelo sokuqala nendlela izinkantolo eziwachaza ngayo lamalungelo emongweni wesikhathi samanje.
  4. Uxwebhu lonke:[ Uma ukholelwa ukuthi amalungelo akho ephuliwe, bhala isenzakalo ngokucophelela ngezithombe, amavidiyo, ukwaziswa kokufakaza, kanye nokulandisa okubhaliwe.
  5. [ Yazi imingcele yakho: Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kokukhuluma okuvikelekile nokuziphatha okungavikelekile, futhi wenze izinqumo eziqondiswe kahle ngokungalaleli komphakathi.
  6. Funa usizo olungokomthetho uma kudingeka: Uma amalungelo akho ephulwa, xhumana nommeli onolwazi kumthetho weSichibiyelo sokuqala noma thintana nezinhlangano zenkululeko yomphakathi.

Ukubaluleka Kokuhlanganyela Isivumelwano Sesigqi

Inkulumo ekhululekile nekhululekile ngezindaba zomphakathi ziyisisekelo senqubo yokukhetha kwentando yeningi neyokhetho lwaseMelika. Iziphetho zokuqala zesikhulumi sezombangazwe nenhlangano zikhona ngoba ukuzibusa kwentando yeningi kudinga ukukhomba kolwazi nokuthembisa kwezakhamuzi ukukwazi ukuveza imibono ngokukhululekile, ukuphikisana, nokubeka uhulumeni icala.

Phakathi nokhetho, izakhamuzi kumelwe zikhululeke ukuxoxa ngabazokuxoxa, izinqubo zenkulumo - mpikiswano, kanye nommeleli wokukhetha ezikuthandayo ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa uhulumeni. Ngemibhikisho, abantu bangadonsela ukunakekela ezimpikiswaneni, baveze ukungavumelani, futhi banxuse ushintsho ezindabeni kusukela ekukhathaleleni kwezwe kuya ezimisweni zobuzwe.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamalungelo eSichibiyelo sokuqala kuhambisana namalungelo nemithwalo yemfanelo. Nakuba uMthetho-sisekelo uvikela ilungelo lakho lokukhuluma, ukuhlangana, nokunxusa, lamalungelo asebenza kangcono uma esetshenziswa ngokucabangela nangokuthula. Ukuqonda ubukhulu besivikelo senu, ukuhlonipha amalungelo abanye, futhi ukuhlanganyela enkulumweni yomphakathi kuqinisa izinhlangano zentando yeningi futhi kuthuthukisa imibono yokuthi iSichibiyelo Sokuqala sasiklanyelwe ukuvikela.

Amacebiso Awusizo Okusebenzisa Amalungelo Akho

Ngaphambi Kokuya Embubhisweni Noma Kwezombangazwe

  • Cwaninga abahleli bezenzakalo nemisebenzi ehleliwe
  • Hlola izimfuneko zemvume yendawo kanye nezindlela ezihlelwe kahle
  • Ukuqonda amalungelo nemithwalo yakho yemfanelo engokomthetho
  • Lungisa ukwaziswa kokuxhumana okuphuthumayo
  • Cabangela izingozi ezingase zivele, ikakhulukazi kubantu abangasakwazi ukulala
  • Lethani amanzi, ukudla okulula nanoma iyiphi imithi edingekayo
  • Gqoka izicathulo ezithokomele nezingubo ezilungiswe kahle esimweni sezulu
  • Lahla ucingo lwakho ucabange ngokuletha i - “barriver ” ephathekayo

Phakathi Nesenzakalo

  • Qaphela indawo ekuzungezile nezinto ezingase zikwenze uphephe
  • Landela iziyalezo ezivela kubahleli bezenzakalo nezingqapheli ezingokomthetho
  • Hlala unokuthula futhi ugweme ukuxabana
  • Hlonipha Amalungelo Abaphikisi Nababukeli
  • Khuluma ngokuphephile noma ikuphi ukwephulwa kwamalungelo abantu okungase kwenzeke
  • Yazi amalungelo akho uma emiswa noma ebuzwa amaphoyisa
  • Hlela ukuhamba uma isimo siba esingalondekile
  • Hlala neqembu uma kungenzeka ukuze uphephe

Ngemva Kwesenzakalo

  • Bhala okuhlangenwe nakho kwakho lapho izinkumbulo zisezintsha
  • Bika noma yimaphi amalungelo ephula ezinhlanganweni ezifanele
  • Funa usizo lwezokwelapha kunoma ikuphi ukulimala
  • Xhumana nommeli uma uboshwa noma ukholelwa ukuthi amalungelo akho aphulwa
  • Bukeza futhi uvikele noma iziphi izithombe noma amavidiyo owawathatha
  • Hlanganyela nabanye ababekhona ukuze bahlanganyele nabanye ukwaziswa
  • Uma kudingeka, landela noma iliphi icala elingokomthetho

Imithombo Yokwaziswa Okwengeziwe

Izinhlangano eziningana zinikeza imithombo ewusizo yokuqonda nokuvikela amalungelo akho okuQothulela Isinqumo:

  • Isibonelelo somphakathi waseMelika i-Liberties Union (ACLU): Inikeza abaqondisi abakwaziyo ukunikeza ababhikishi amalungelo abo agcwele futhi isekela ngokomthetho amacala eSichibiyelo sokuqala
  • Inkululeko: Inikeza imithombo yokufundisa ngamalungelo eSichibiyelo sokuqala kanye nomagazini bamanje
  • Abaqondisi bemithetho besizwe Guid: unikeza izingqapheli ezingokomthetho ukuqeqesha nokusekela ababhikishi
  • I-Electronic Foundation: igxila kumalungelo ezindaba zomuntu siqu kanye nezimo zokuhlola
  • I-Campaign Legional Center: ihlela ngokukhethekile emthethweni wokhetho kanye nomkhankaso wezezimali

Ukuze uthole imibuzo ekhethekile engokomthetho noma uma ukholelwa ukuthi amalungelo akho aye ophuliwe, cabangela ukuxhumana nommeli osebenza ngeSichibiyelo Sokuqala noma umthetho wamalungelo omphakathi. Izinhlangano eziningi zosizo olungokomthetho namaqembu enkululeko yomphakathi zinikeza ukuxoxa okukhululekile noma okuphansi.

Isiphetho

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala siyisisekelo sentando yeningi yaseMelika, sivikela amalungelo ayisisekelo enza izakhamuzi zikwazi ukuhlanganyela ngokugcwele enqubweni yezombangazwe.

Ukuqonda amalungelo akho eSichibiyelo sokuqala kukunika amandla okuhlanganyela ekuphileni komphakathi ngokuqiniseka nangokuphumelela. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uzoba novoti, ulwele ukubhalisa, uye emhlanganweni wezombangazwe, noma uthathe iqhaza, ukwazi izinga nemingcele yesivikelo somthetho-sisekelo wakho kukusiza ukuba usebenzise la malungelo ngokunengqondo kuyilapho uhlala emingceleni engokomthetho.

Ukusetshenziswa ngokuthula kwenkululeko yokuHlaziya Kokuqala ngokuthula kuqinisa izinhlangano zentando yeningi futhi kuthuthukise izimbangela ezibalulekile. Ubudlova, ukubhujiswa, nokuziphatha okungekho emthethweni kululaza isigijimi nenhlangano, okungase kuholele emiphumeleni engokomthetho futhi kunciphise ukusekelwa umphakathi.

Njengoba uhlanganyela enkulumweni yezombangazwe nasemhlanganweni, khumbula ukuthi lamalungelo akhona hhayi nje ukuze kuzuze wena, kodwa kuzo zonke izakhamuzi. Ukuhlonipha amalungelo alabo abangavumelani, ukuhlanganyela engxoxweni eyakhayo, nokuhlanganyela ngokuthula enqubweni yentando yeningi kudumisa izimiso ezaklanyelwa ukuvikela iSichibiyelo Sokuqala. Ngokusebenzisa amalungelo akho ngokuqonda nangobuhlakani, usiza ekudayiseni kwemibono ephambili eyenza kube nokwenzeka ukubusa ngentando yeningi.

Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okuqhubekayo komthetho weSichibiyelo Sokuqala kubonisa ukushintsha kwezobuchwepheshe, izinhlangano zezenhlalo, nezinselele zezombangazwe. Ukuhlala wazi ngentuthuko yamanje, ukuqonda amalungelo akho, nokuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo ekuphileni komphakathi kuqinisekisa ukuthi lenkululeko eyisisekelo ihlala iqinile ezizukulwaneni ezizayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufaka ifomu lokubhala, ukhuluma ngezindaba ozikhathalelayo, noma uhlanganyela nabanye ekuvukeleni ngokuthula, usebenzisa amalungelo ayisisekelo achaza umbuso wentando yeningi waseMelika.