Isimemezelo Sokuzibusa Namalungelo Onawo Namuhla

Isimemezelo Sokuzibusa Namalungelo Onawo Namuhla

ISimemezelo senkululeko, esamukelwa ngokusemthethweni yi-Continental Congress ngoJuly 4, 1776, simi njengenye yezincwadi zezombangazwe ezilandela umphumela omkhulu emlandweni wesintu. Nakuba injongo yaso yayiwukuthethelela ukwahlukana kwamakoloni aseMelika ekubuseni kweBrithani, iSimemezelo sachaza isimiso sezimiso zendawo yonke ngenkululeko yomuntu kanye nendima efanele kahulumeni eqhubeka ihlela indawo engokomthetho ye-United States nezinhlangano ezikhuthaza inkululeko emhlabeni wonke. Kungekude ekubeni isakhiwo esivalelwe ngemva kwengilazi yeminyuziyamu, imibono eyisisekelo yale mayelana namalungelo angenamthetho nohulumeni ngokuvuma iyaqhubeka inamandla aphilayo alawula amalungelo nesivikelo ngokuqondile osebenzisa nsuku zonke.

Lesi sihloko sihlola ifilosofi eyisisekelo yomthetho, silandelela indlela lezozimiso ezazibhalwe ngayo eMthethweni we-Cystitution nase-Bill of Rights, futhi sihlola amalungelo athile amaMelika aphethe namuhla asuka embonweni wenguquko wencwadi. Ukuqonda lohlu lwezigaba akukhanyisi nje kuphela ukuthi avelaphi amalungelo ethu kodwa nokuthi kungani ehlala ebalulekile ukuba avikelwe.

Isisekelo Sobufilosofi Salesimemezelo

ISimemezelo Senkululeko asizange sisungule umqondo wamalungelo emvelo kusukela ekuqhelaneni. Abalobi bayo, ngokuyinhloko uThomas Jefferson, bagxila kakhulu emibonweni yabahlakaniphi bokuKhanyiselwa njengoJohn Locke, owaphikisa ngokuthi abantu banelungelo elizuzwe njengefa elikhona ngaphambi nangaphandle kohulumeni. Lokho lesiSimemezelo sasinikeza lezizimiso zefilosofi ezicatshangelwayo inkulumo enamandla, eqinile yezombangazwe.

Amalungelo Emvelo Nesivumelwano Sezenhlalo

Indima yesimemezelo edumile kakhulu — Sibheka la maqiniso njengasobala, ukuthi bonke abantu badalwa belingana, ukuthi uMdali wabo ubanike amalungelo athile anganqamukiyo, lawo aphakathi kwawo akhona Ukuphila, iNkululeko nokuphishekela injabulo — enza iziphakamiso ezimbili ezijulile. Okokuqala, amalungelo awanikezwanga ohulumeni noma amakhosi; azuzwe ngokwemvelo kumuntu. Okwesibili, ngoba lamalungelo angenakumukelwa [, akukho hulumeni ongazisusa ngokusemthethweni. Inkulumo ethi "Ukwandiswa kwenjabulo" yayiwuhlobo olulinganiselwe kakhulu lomuntu.

Lesisigaba simisa futhi uhlelo lwesivumelwano sezenhlalo esisekela umthetho-mfashini waseMelika. Ohulumeni bamiswa phakathi kwabantu ukuba banikeze lamalungelo, athole amandla abo alungile ku- imvume elawulwayo [. Uma uhulumeni ebhubhisa lenjongo, abantu banelungelo lokuwaguqula noma lokuwaqeda. Lokhu kwakungesona nje isici senguquko; kwakuyimpikiswano ecatshaziwe ukuthi ukufaneleka kukahulumeni kuxhomeke ngokuphelele ekuvikeleni amalungelo abo.

Injongo Kahulumeni

Ngakho iSimemezelo siguqula ubuhlobo obungokwesiko phakathi kwezwe nomuntu. Ezibonelweni ezindala zokubusa, izihloko ezikweleta ukwethembeka kumbusi, naye ongase anikeze amalungelo athile. Isimemezelo sigcizelela ukuthi uhulumeni ukhona ukuze ukhonze abantu, hhayi enye indlela. Lesi simiso — ukuthi uhulumeni uyithuluzi lokuvikela amalungelo, hhayi umthombo wamalungelo ngokwawo — uyisisekelo somqondo wezombangazwe waseMelika futhi uye wakhonjwa yizinhlangano eziningi ezifuna ukubheka uhulumeni njengonecala enjongweni yawo.

Ungafunda umbhalo ogcwele weSimemezelo sokuzimela engosini ye-'FLT' ye-National Archives'.

Ukusuka Esimemezelweni Kuya Emthethweni: Ifulegi Engokomthetho

Izimiso zoMvumelo zaziyisifiso, zazingabopheki ngokomthetho. Zazingenakuphoqelelwa enkantolo yomthetho. Umsebenzi wokuhumusha lezozimiso zibe izivikelo ezingokomthetho eziphoqelelwe wawela kuMthetho-sisekelo, wabuthelwa ngo-1787, futhi iBill of Rights, yagunyazwa ngo-1791. Lokhu kuguqulwa kusuka ekufuneni ifilosofi kuya emthethweni womthetho - sisekelo yikona okwenza imiqondo yaleSimemezelo ibe namandla aqinile, asebenzayo ekuphileni kwakho namuhla.

Isiqinisekiso Samalungelo Abantu

Izinguquko zokuqala eziyishumi kuMthetho-sisekelo, ezazibizwa njengeSigqizo samaLungelo, zazihloselwe ukuvikela inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye eyayimenyezelwe yiSimemezelo. UJames Madison, ekuqaleni engawafuni amalungelo, wakubona njengokudingekile ukugcwalisa isithembiso soMmemezelo. ISichibiyelo sokuqala sivikela inkululeko yokukhuluma, inkolo, ukunyathelisa, ingqungquthela, nokunxusa — konke okubalulekile ekuphishekeleni injabulo nasekubekeni uhulumeni icala. ISichibiyeli sesine silwa nokuphehlwa okungacabangeli, sivikela ilungelo lokungavikeleki. ISiphakamiso sesihlanu nesesithupha siqinisekisa inqubo efanelekile yomthetho nezenzo zobugebengu, sibonakalisa ukukhathalela komthetho womthetho owembukwakhelwayo.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi iBill of Rights ekuqaleni yayisebenza kuhulumeni kahulumeni wombuso kuphela, hhayi embusweni. Lokhu kulinganiselwa kwakusho ukuthi emlandweni omkhulu waseMelika, ohulumeni bombuso bangawaphazamisa amalungelo ayethi iSimemezelo asikwazi ukuphucwa. Ikhambi laleligebe lalingeke lifike kwaze kwaba ngemva kweMpi Yombango.

ISichibiyelo Se - 14 Nokungavumelani

ISichibiyelo se-14 seSichibiyelo, esagunyazwa ngo-1868, sasiwukusungulwa kwesibili okwalungisa ngokuyisisekelo ubuhlobo phakathi kwezimiso zeSimemezelo nomthetho waseMelika. I-Seed Procespital Claus [ — Akukho Zwe elizonciphisa noma yimuphi umuntu ukuphila, inkululeko, noma impahla engenayo inqubo efanelekile yomthetho — kanye [[FLT:]] ne-Equalial Protection Clausle [ iphinda-katha ulimi loMmezo. Ngekhulu elilandelayo, iNkanto ePhakakhulu le-14 ukuze isebenzise iSichibiyelo, noma ukuhlanganisa, okuningi kwe-Bill of Rightsss.

Le nqubo yokuhlanganisa yayisho ukuthi isakhamuzi saseCalifornia singacela iSichibiyelo Sokuqala esivikelwe ekucushweni kwezindawo njengase-New York njengesakhamuzi saseNew York singamelana nesenzo sikahulumeni. Umbono weSimemezelo wamalungelo omhlaba wonke, angamukelwanga ngokomthetho wawenziwa wafezeka kancane kancane kulo lonke izwe. Namuhla, cishe wonke amalungelo aseBill of Rights asebenza kuhulumeni kanye nohulumeni wendawo, isakhiwo esingokomthetho esigeleza ngokuqondile ukusuka ezimisweni zeSimemezelweni.

Amalungelo Esimanje Asekelwe Kulesimemezelo

Lamalungelo alandelayo, owasebenzisayo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, awawona nje amalungelo angokomthetho uKhongolose angawaqeda ngokuthanda kwakhe. Asekelwe ngokujulile ohlelweni lomthetho - sisekelo ukuthi iSimemezelo siphefumlelwe, futhi ajabulela isivikelo esiqinile esingokomthetho ngenxa yokuthi aqondwa njengayisisekelo senkululeko yomuntu.

Inkululeko Yokukhuluma Neyokubonakaliswa

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala senqabela ukuvimbela iSishaya-mthetho ekwenzeni noma yimuphi umthetho ungabi nankululeko yokukhuluma. Lesivikelo sidlulela ngalé kwamazwi akhulunywayo ekubhaleni, imisebenzi yobuciko, izenzo ezingokomfanekiso ezinjengokushiswa kwefulege, ngisho nezinhlobo ezithile zomkhankaso (njengoba iNkantolo Ephakeme ibekwe ]] isiCizenns United v. FEC). ISimemezelo sigcizelela ilungelo labantu lokuguqula uhulumeni ngokunengqondo sidinga inkululeko yokugxeka lowohulumeni obala. INkantolo Ephakeme ilokhu ikholelwa ukuthi ngisho nenkulumo ehlazisayo noma engathandeki, ivikelekile ngoba uhulumeni awuna ukuthenjwa ekunqumeni ukuthi yimiphi imibono eyamukelekayo.

Lelilungelo liye lasetshenziswa ngokumelene nezifundazwe ngeSichibiyelo se 14 kusukela Gitlow v. New York (1925). Namuhla, unelungelo lokugxeka izikhulu zomphakathi, ukusekela ushintsho lwezombangazwe, ukuveza imibono engathandeki, nokuhlanganyela enkulumweni yomphakathi ngaphandle kokucusumbula kukahulumeni, ukufakwa ngokulinganiselwe ngaphandle kokugqugquzela ubudlova obuseduze, ukuhlambalaza, nokuhlambalaza. Ukunyukela kakhulu ezivikelweni zokuqala, imithombo yenkululeko yokukhuluma ngesihle [[FLT:] ACLU] inikeza isiqondiso esibanzi.

Ilungelo Lokuba Wedwa

Igama elithi "prigacy" aliveli eMthethweni. Nokho iNkantolo Ephakeme iye yaqaphela ilungelo lomthetho-sisekelo lokuzimela eligelezayo lisuka epenubras, kuhlanganise neyokuqala, eyesithathu, eyesine, eyesihlanu, neye-Trenite. Grislold v. Connecticut[ [1965]], iNkantolo yashaya umthetho ovimbela ukuvimbela ukuvimbela ukuvimbela ukuvimbela inzalo, iphethe ukuthi uMthetho-Constitution uvikela isifunda somuntu siqu uhulumeni ongeke ungene kuso. [[FLT:]]].[FLT [FLT] v ], kodwa u-ogqhithiwe , u-Onke, u-onke u-onke, u-onke, u-onke, u-okthe u-ose, u-G.[2]

ISichibiyelo sesine sivikela ilungelo lakho lokufihla imfihlo ekuphenyeni nokuquleka kukahulumeni okungacabangeli. Ngokuvamile, amaphoyisa adinga isiqinisekiso esisekelwe entweni okungenzeka ukuba ibangele ukuba uphenye ekhaya lakho noma imishini yakho yobuchwepheshe. Ulindele ukuba izinto zakho, izinto zakho, kanye nemininingwane yakho zibe zezomuntu siqu. ISimemezelo sigcizelela ukuthi uhulumeni kumelwe ahloniphe amalungelo abantu ngabanye anikeza izikhuselo zefilosofi eziyimfihlo. Uma amalungelo akho engenakuthathwa, amandla kahulumeni okuzingenela kuwe kumelwe alinganiselwe futhi athetheleleke kakhulu.

Ilungelo Lokwethaba Nokuhlanganyela Kwezombangazwe

Isimiso soMvumelwano sokwamukela abalawulwa sisho ilungelo lokuhlanganyela ekukhetheni ababusayo. UMthetho-sisekelo wasekuqaleni washiya izimfanelo zokuvota kakhulukazi emazweni, kodwa uchungechunge lwezinguquko luye lwanweba i-franse. ISivumelwano se-15 senqabela ukucwasana kohlanga ekuvoteni. ISichibiyelo sekhulu le1920 (1920) sandisa ukuvota kwabesifazane. ISiphendulo sama-24 (1964) sayeka ukuvota intela yokuvota. ISiphendulo sama-26 se-1961 siye sanciphisa inkathi yokuvota yafinyelela iminyaka engu-18. ISivumelo somthetho somthetho wokwenza i-Oting Rights (1870) sanikeza izimiso zokuqinisekisa ukuvota komthetho wombuso wokwenza i-vota.

Namuhla, isakhamuzi ngasinye esineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-18 sinelungelo lomthetho-sisekelo lokuvota, ukuthobela kuphela imithetho engathathi hlangothi, engakhethi ngokomthetho njengezimfuneko ezinengqondo zokubhalisa nemithetho yokuhlala. Lena lungelo liyindlela esebenzayo lapho umbono kahulumeni ngemvume esebenza khona. Ngaphandle kwevoti, ilungelo lokuguqula noma ukuqeda uhulumeni obhubhisayo liyoba yisithembiso esingenanjongo. Ukuvikela lelilungelo kuhlala kuwumzabalazo oqhubekayo, njengoba impikiswano emithetho ye-ID, i-gerrydering, nokungena ezindaweni zokuvota kubonisa.

Isivikelo Esilinganayo Ngaphansi KoMthetho

Isinqumo soMvumelwano sokuthi bonke abantu badalwe belingana sinikezwa amandla angokomthetho ngeSichibiyelo se 14 seSiphakamiso se-Unimetic Protection Claus. Lesi sigqebhezana senqabela ukuphika noma yimuphi umuntu isivikelo esifanayo semithetho. INkantolo Ephakeme ichaze lokhu ukuthi lokhu kudinga ukuba imithetho isetshenziswe ngokungenasihe nokuthi izinhlobonhlobo ezithile — ikakhulukazi uhlanga, inkolo, nemvelaphi yesizwe — zihlolwe ngokucusumbula, kusho ukuthi uhulumeni kumelwe ube nesizathu esiqinile sobandlululo futhi kumelwe usebenzise izindlela ezingekho mingcele.

Lesimiso siye saba isisekelo esingokomthetho sokunqoba kwamalungelo omphakathi

• [FLT][FOLT]BN v. Ibhodi yemfundo (1954) inqanyulwe ukuhlukanisa izinhlanga ezikoleni zomphakathi, igumbuqele imfundiso ehlukene kodwa elinganayo.
• Umthetho weCivil Rights ka-1964 wenqabela ukucwaswa emsebenzini, ezindaweni zomphakathi, nezinhlelo ezixhaswe nguhulumeni.
• obergefell v. Hodges (2015) iqinisekisa imibhangqwana efanayo engoxhunyelwano nelungelo lokushada ezweni lonke, ibambelele ekutheni ilungelo lokushada liyinkululeko eyinhloko ngaphansi kweSichibiyelo se 14 se-Gradition.
• Isihloko IX seSichibiyelo semfundo sango 1972 senqabela ukucwaswa okusekelwe ebulilini ezimisweni zokufundisa uthola imali kahulumeni.

Isimiso somthetho sesivikelo esilinganayo sisho ukuthi imithetho kumelwe isebenze kuwo wonke umuntu ngokulinganayo, futhi uhulumeni kumelwe abe nokulunga okuqinile kokuphatha abantu ngokungefani ngokusekelwe ekutheni bangobani. Lokhu kuwukubonakaliswa okuqondile kwenkulumo eqinile yeSimemezelo yokuthi akekho umuntu ongaphansi komunye ngokwemvelo.

Inkululeko Engokwenkolo

ISichibiyelo sokuqala siqukethe izivikelo ezimbili ezihlukene zenkululeko engokwenkolo: u-Claus, owenqabela uhulumeni ukuba amise inkolo engokomthetho noma akhethe enye inkolo ngaphezu kwenye, kanye ne-Free Expressice Claus, evikela ilungelo lakho lokuqhuba inkolo ngaphandle kokungenela kukahulumeni. Zombili izingcaphuno zibonisa ukuqonda koMmemezelo wokuthi amalungelo athile awamukelwa ngoba anikezwe uMdali [ — okusho ukuthi inkolelo engokwenkolo nonembeza kungaphezu kwamandla kahulumeni.

Unelungelo lokukhulekela ngokuvumelana nonembeza wakho, ukuguqula inkolo yakho, ukuveza obala izinkolelo zakho ezingokwenkolo, nokungaphoqelelwa nguhulumeni ezindabeni zokholo. IReligious Freedom Reformation Act (1993) iqinisa ngokwengeziwe lezisivikelo ngokufuna ukuba imithetho esebenzayo ivumelane nokusebenza kwenkolo ngaphandle kokuba uhulumeni angabonisa isithakazelo esiphoqelelayo futhi asebenzise izindlela eziqinile. Loluhlelo olungokomthetho aluvikeli izinkolo ezinkulu kuphela kodwa nezinkolo ezimbalwa, lugcwalisa isithembiso soMthetho senkululeko elinganayo kubo bonke.

Inkululeko Yezomnotho Namalungelo Empahla

Isimemezelo sasekuqaleni sasihlanganisa "imvume" ohlwini lwamalungelo angamukelwanga ngaphambi kokuba uJefferson athathe isikhundla "sokuzuza Injabulo" noma kunjalo, amalungelo empahla afakwe kakhulu ohlelweni lomthetho-sisekelo. IsiHlanzi sesihlanu sivimbela uhulumeni ukuba athathe impahla yakhe siqu ukuze asetshenziswe umphakathi ngaphandle kwembuyiselo. I-Grast Proces Claus yeSichibiyelo sesihlanu ne-14 ivikela ilungelo lakho lokusebenzisa futhi ujabulele impahla yakho ngaphandle kokugxambukela kohulumeni ozimele.

Ilungelo lakho lokuba nempahla, ukungena ezivumelwaneni, ukuphishekela umsebenzi, nokugcina izithelo zomsebenzi wakho konke kusekelwe embonweni woMmemezelo wenkululeko yomuntu siqu. INkantolo Ephakeme iye yaqaphela ilungelo eliyisisekelo lokuziphilisa ngaphandle kwemithetho kahulumeni engenangqondo, nakuba iziqondiso zezomnotho ngokuvamile zibukezwa ngaphansi kwendinganiso ehloniphekile kakhulu kunemithetho ethinta inkululeko eyisisekelo. Ubunzima phakathi kwemithetho kahulumeni nenkululeko yezomnotho buhlala buyimpikiswano ephilayo emthethweni waseMelika, nezimiso zomthetho woMthetho womthetho osekelwe kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zengxoxo.

Ithonya Lembulunga Yonke Ngamalungelo Abantu

Ithonya leSimemezelo se-Independent lidlulela ngalé kwemingcele yase-U.S. ulimi lwaso nezimiso zasikhuthaza ngokuqondile isiMemezelo saseFrench samaLungelo oMuntu noweSizwe (1789] futhi, ekhulwini lama-20 leminyaka, uDeclaration of Human Rights [1948], eyamukelwa yiZizwe Ezihlangene. ISiphakamiso 1 seSimemezelo se-Inani Lomhlaba wonke sifundeka: "Abantu bonke bazalwa bekhululekile futhi belingana ngesithunzi namalungelo.""" Lokhu kuwumsindo oqondile wamaqiniso eMenyu eMerika.

Isiphetho soMmemezelo sokuthi amalungelo azuzwe njengefa nasemhlabeni wonke, awaxhomekile ekwakheni imvume kahulumeni, siye sanikeza uhlelo lwezimiso zokuziphatha nezomthetho zamalungelo abantu emhlabeni wonke. Sikhonjwe yizinhlangano ezimelene nezindawo zobuzwe, abalweli bamalungelo omphakathi, abashisekeli bentando yeningi, nabavikeli bamalungelo abantu kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba. Nakuba i-United States ingakaphili ngokwezinhloso zayo ezisunguliwe, izinkolelo ngokwazo ziye zazibonakalisa ziqinile futhi zithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.

Ungaqhathanisa iSimemezelo sase-U.S. neSimemezelo somhlaba wonke samalungelo abantu ewebhusayithi yeZizwe ezihlangene.

Izinselele Nokuziphendukela Kwemvelo Okuqhubekayo

Amalungelo onawo namuhla awakho awekho amanani aqinile. Awumkhiqizo wamakhulu eminyaka omzabalazo, ukuchaza, nokwanda. Izimiso zoMmemezelo ziye zacelwa ukuba zigxeke ubugqila, zifune ukuba abesifazane baxhaswe, zivikele amalungelo ezisebenzi, zivikele abafuduki nababaleki, futhi zithuthukise ukulingana komshado. Kodwa izimiso ezifanayo ziye zasetshenziselwa ukuvikela ukulingana kwezomnotho, amalungelo empahla ngokumelene nomthetho, nenkululeko yomuntu ngamunye ngokumelene nemithetho yempilo yomphakathi.

Izimpikiswano eziningana eziqhubekayo ziqokomisa isimo esiphilayo sefa leSimemezelo:

• Izinga lobuso bezindaba zomuntu siqu enkathini yenombolo: Isivikelo seSine seSichibiyelo sisebenza kanjani ekwazisweni okugcinwe efwini, imetameter eqoqwe yizinhlangano zobuhlakani, noma ukuhlola i-biometric?
• Inkulumo yenkululeko kuwembutho wezokuxhumana: Ingabe iSichibiyelo sokuqala sidinga amaplatifomu ukuhlanganisa yonke inkulumo, noma ingabe izinkampani ezizimele zinelungelo lokulinganisela ngokwendlela ezibona kufanele ngayo?
• Isivikelo esiqinile nokungalingani kokwakheka: Ingabe i-Acimi Protection Claus ifuna ukulingana okungokomthetho kuphela ngaphansi komthetho, noma ingabe ifuna izinyathelo ezithathayo ukuze ilungise ubandlululo olungokomlando?
• [ Amalungelo apheleleyo nomthetho wendawo ezungezile: Uphi umugqa phakathi komthetho ongokomthetho wokusebenzisa indawo kanye nokuthatha impahla ngasese?

Lemibuzo ayiyona nje imfundo. Izinkantolo, izishaya-mthetho, nezakhamuzi ziyaqhubeka zilwa nabo, futhi amalungelo akho azakulolongwa yizimpendulo. Ukuqonda izimiso zeSimemezelo kukunika amathuluzi okuhlakanipha okuhlanganyela kulezimpikiswano nokugcizelela ukuthi noma yisiphi isenzo sikahulumeni sithethelelwe ngokuhlobana okucacile nesivikelo senkululeko yomuntu ngamunye.

Izicelo Ezingokoqobo: Lokho Lamalungelo Akushoyo Kuwe Namuhla

Ukwazi amalungelo akho kubalulekile ekuwasebenziseni ngokuphumelelayo. Nazi ezinye izikhundla eziwusizo ezisekelwe ohlelweni lweSimemezelo:

• Unelungelo lokukhululeka ekuboshweni kukahulumeni ngokusemthethweni. Isimiso senqubo efanele sisho ukuthi uhulumeni akanakukukubopha ngaphandle kwenqubo engokomthetho elungile. Uma uboshwa, unelungelo lokwazi amacala, ukuhlala uthule, nokuba nommeli.
• Ungagxeka uhulumeni ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuziphindiselela. Isichibiyeli sokuqala sivikela ilungelo lakho lokuphikisa, ukunxusa, nokukhuluma ngokumelene nezikhulu zomphakathi. Lokhu kuyinkulumo eqondile kakhulu yeSimemezelo ethi abantu banelungelo lokuguqula uhulumeni wabo.
• Unelungelo lokuphathwa ngokulinganayo ngaphansi komthetho. ubandlululo olusekelwe kuhulumeni ngokohlanga, ubulili, inkolo, noma umsuka wesizwe lungamukeleki ngokusemthethweni. Uma ukholelwa ukuthi uncishiwe isivikelo esilinganayo, unethuba elingokomthetho lokuthola usizo.
• Ikhaya lakho kanye nokwaziswa kwakho kuvikelwe ekufuneni okungacabangeli. ISichibiyelo sesine sidinga amaphoyisa ukuba athole isiqinisekiso esisekelwe entweni okungenzeka ibangele ukuba afune impahla yakho, ngaphandle kwe-pacters. Lokhu kuvikela kudlulela kumshini wobuchwepheshe nasezincwadini zamanani.
• Unelungelo lokuvota nokuhlanganyela enqubweni yezombangazwe. Lokhu akuhlanganisi nje ukuphonsa ibhola kuphela kodwa futhi nokugijima ufune isikhundla, abasekeli, nokuhlela nabanye ukuba basekele ushintsho lwezombangazwe.

Umbono weSimemezelo awusona isiqinisekiso sokuthi lamalungelo awasoze asongelwa. Yindinganiso okufanele ukuba kulinganiswe kuyo isenzo sikahulumeni futhi kuqiniselwe ukuqapha isizukulwane ngasinye. Amalungelo onawo namuhla athotyelwa abantu abawathatha ngokungathi sína amazwi eSimemezelo futhi bafune ukuba uhulumeni wabo aphile ngokuvumelana nawo.

Isiphetho

ISimemezelo se-Independent singesona nje isiqinisekiso esingokomlando. Siyifilosofi ephilayo yezombangazwe eyaqhubeka ichaza ubuhlobo phakathi komuntu nombuso e-United States. Ukulwela kwayo amalungelo angenakuthathwa, uhulumeni ngemvume, nelungelo labantu lokuguqula noma ukuqeda uhulumeni obhubhisayo kuseyikho okuyisisekelo senkululeko yaseMelika esemthethweni. Ukusuka ekukhululeni ingqondo yakho ekufuneni ukukhululeka ekungabini okungenangqondo, ekuqinisekiseni kwesivikelo esifanayo emandleni evoti yakho, amalungelo owasebenzisayo namuhla abhekiselwe ngokuqondile ezimisweni ezimisiwe ezimenyezelweni ezimenyezelo ezimenyezelwe ngo-1776.

Ukuqonda lohlu lozalo akuyona nje indlela yokufunda. Kukuhlomisela ukubona izinsongo zenkululeko yakho, ukusekela ukukhula kwamalungelo kulabo abawaphiwe, nokugcina uhulumeni wakho ulandisa ngenjongo yawo yokusungulwa. Isithembiso soMthetho siwukuthi amalungelo akho awazona izipho ezivela kuhulumeni — awethu ngokwemvelo. Umsebenzi wokuwalondoloza nokuwaphelelisa uwela kuzo zonke izizukulwane, kuhlanganise nawe.

Ukuze ufunde ngokuqhubekayo ukuthi izimiso zoMmemezelo ziye zachazwa kanjani yiNkantolo Ephakeme futhi zasetshenziswa emthethweni wanamuhla, i-Cornell Information Institute inikeza inzuzo enhle kakhulu ekhululekile emthethweni womthetho-sisekelo.