Isingeniso: Isizathu Sokuba Umthombo Ube Isisekelo Sokwazi Ukuba Izakhamuzi

Enkathini lapho ukwaziswa kugeleza ngesivinini nangomthamo ongakaze ubonwe, ikhono lokuhlola imithombo ngokuhluzekile seliyisisekelo sokufunda komphakathi. Isimiso sokwaziswa sanamuhla siyinkemba egobe kabili: sinikeza ukufinyelela ngokushesha engcebweni yolwazi, kodwa futhi silungisa ukungezwani, ukukhipha ulwazi, nenkulumo eqanjiwe. Kubafundi, othisha, nezakhamuzi ezibolekelwe, ukuhlaziya imithombo yemfundo akuyona nje imfihlo engokwezemfundo. Ngaphandle kokwaziswa okuthembekile, ukuthatha isigaba sedemokhrasi kuba yize; impikiswano inikeza indlela yokunanela amagumbi, futhi izinqumo zezimiso ziphambuka ebufakazi.

Lo mqondisi unikeza iziqondiso ezibanzi zokuhlola ukuthembeka, ukwethembeka nokubaluleka kwemithombo.

Isizathu Sokuba Imithombo Ibangele Izindaba

Imiphumela Ekuhlanganyeleni Kwesigqibi

Izakhamuzi ezingahlola ngokunembile imithombo zikulungele kangcono lokhu:

  • Hlanganyela ezingxoxweni ezisekelwe eqinisweni ezindabeni zomphakathi.
  • Yenza izinqumo zokuvota zisekelwe ezindabeni eziqinisekisiwe kunokuba zikhange ngokomzwelo.
  • Abasekeli bezimiso basekelwa ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa nokucwaninga.
  • Qaphela ukuthi ukuthumelelana imiyalezo kwezombangazwe kuncike ezibalweni ezidukisayo noma ebufakazini obuqokwayo.

Uma umthombo uncipha, kungokufanayo nangezinga lengxoxo yomphakathi. I-mistformation inganwebeka ngokushesha, inciphe ukwethemba izinhlangano nokudlondlobala. Ukuthuthukisa lamakhono ekuqaleni kwe-"ikakhulukazi ezimisweni zemfundo", kusiza imiphakathi ekhubazekayo ekuxhaphazeni ukuxhaphaza.

Ubuqotho Nokufunda Ukuphila Konke

Kubafundi, ukuhlola umthombo kusekelwe ebuqothweni bemfundo. Izabelo ezidinga abafundi ukuba bathole futhi bahlole imithombo zifundisa ukuba bahlukanise phakathi kokucwaninga okubukelwe ontanga, ukubika kwezindaba, izingxenyana zemibono, nenkulumo - ze. Lamakhono adlulela ngokuqondile endaweni yobuchwepheshe futhi enze izinqumo zansuku zonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi akhetha umnakekeli wezempilo noma ukuchaza izindaba zemali.

Ukwenziwa kwesinqumo somuntu siqu

Ngaphandle kwendaba yomphakathi nemfundo, umthombo wokuhlola uthinta impilo yomuntu siqu, izimali, nobudlelwane. Uma uhlola iseluleko sezokwelapha sokuhlola umkhiqizo, kusebenza iziqondiso ezifanayo. Isakhamuzi esivame ukuhlola igunya, ukunemba, nobandlululo asivamile ukuwela emaqhingeni, isayensi yamanga, noma ukukhohlisa ngamagciwane.

Isimiso Esiyinhloko Sokukhipha Imithombo

Lapho uhlola noma imuphi umthombo ($nayi isihloko sezindaba, iphepha lezemfundo, iposi le-web site, noma ingosi yezokuxhumana) cabangela lezi zilinganiso ezinhlanu ezilandelayo. Lezi zinqubo zihlela uhlu oluhlelekile olungasetshenziswa ezifundweni.

Igunya

i-authority ibhekisele ezimfanelweni, ubuchwepheshe, noma ukuhlangana komlobi noma ummemezeli. Imibuzo yokubuza: Ubani owabhala lokhu? Ziyini iziqinisekiso zabo? Ziye zanyatheliswa kulesihloko ngaphambili? Ingabe umthombo ovela enhlanganweni eqashelwe, ephepheni, noma enkampanini kahulumeni? Isihloko sesayensi yesimo sezulu esishicilelwe umcwaningi wesimo sezulu eyunivesithi enkulu sinesisindo esikhulu kunendawo yokuxhumana engekho. Nokho, igunya alikho okuphelele.

Ukunemba

Ukungafundi kuyakhathazeka ukuthi ukwaziswa kusekelwe ngobufakazi, imicaphulo, nemininingwane eqinisekisiwe. Bheka izikhombo emithonjeni eyinhloko, ukuhlola kontanga, noma izibalo ezisemthethweni. Bheka ukuthi umthombo uyavuma yini ukuthi imibono ehlukile noma izimpawu eziphikisanayo. Umthombo omelela amaqiniso, awuwafaki umongo obalulekile, noma awufinyeleli ukusho okuthenjiswa kuwo kufanele kucaciswe ngokusola. Imithombo yesiphambano-arenter-fice isho ngezindlela eziphambili zokuqinisekisa ukunemba.

IBias

ichaza umbono, izinhlelo, noma ukuncika kwemiqondo. Yonke imithombo inezinga elithile lobandlululo; umgomo uwukuyichaza nokuhlola indlela eqondisa ngayo incazelo yokwaziswa. Ingabe umthombo usebenzisa ulimi olungokomzwelo noma amagama athwetshiwe? Ingabe uveza uhlangothi olulodwa lwempikiswano uma ingayinakanga ukuphikisana nokwehluleka ukuhlukanisa. Umthombo oxekethile ungaba usizo uma ubandlululo lwayo lusobala futhi lulinganiswa, kodwa kumelwe lulinganiswe neminye imiqondo. Amashadi enjengeyayayayaya Imedias /FLC] i-Bias/FOctive [FLT]? , ingasiza ekuhlanganeni kwemithombo ethembekile nokungathembekile.

Imali

Ukuzihlola [[FLT: 1] kubhekisela ekusebenziseni isikhathi sokwaziswa. Emasimini ahamba ngokushesha(technology, ezokwelapha, ezombangazwe, `ukwaziswa okususiwe kungadukisa ngokuyingozi. Ngaso sonke isikhathi phawula usuku lwezincwadi, futhi uhlole ukuthi umthombo ukhona yini osushintshile noma ubukeziwe. Izihloko ezingokomlando, imithombo emidala ingaba inegunya, kodwa kufanele ihlolwe phakathi kwemongo yawo yomlando. Umthombo kusukela ngo 2015 mayelana nezimiso zezesayensi yezokuxhumana cishe uphelelwe isikhathi; umthombo kusukela ngo-2005 umthetho-U.S. Umthetho ungasebenza kahle.

Phinda uvale

I-Relevice ibuza ukuthi umthombo ukhuluma ngokuqondile nombuzo wokucwaninga noma isihloko esikhona. Umthombo onegunya eliqinile noqondile awusebenzi uma ungenakho okuphathelene nesihloko sakho. I-releving ihlanganisa nezilaleli ezihloselwe: ingabe ingomthombo obhalelwe ochwepheshe, abafundi abavamile, noma abakhi bezimiso? Isihloko sezazi singaba nolwazi olunzulu kumfundi ophezulu, kuyilapho ukufingqa kwezindaba kungase kungabi nokujula kwephepha othweswe yimfundo. Khetha imithombo ehloselwe ukulingana nobubanzi besikole sakho.

Izindlela Zokukhipha Imfucumfucu

Ukwazi izimpawu kuyingxenye kuphela yenselele; ukuzisebenzisa ngokuqhubekayo kudinga izindlela ezihlelwe kahle. Izindlela ezilandelayo ziye zamukelwa kabanzi abaqondisi bezincwadi, othisha, nabaqaphi bamaqiniso. Basebenzela kokubili imithombo yezibalo nezincwadi.

Ukuhlolwa Kwe - CRAAP

Ikhuliswe umtapo wezincwadi we-Meriam e-California State University, Chico, ukuhlolwa kwe-CRAAP kuyi-memone yesilinganiso sesihlanu sokuhlola: Imali, iRelevance, iGunya, i-Arhente, i-quality, nenjongo. Inikeza isimiso esilula sokufaka (-10-10 sigaba ngasinye) ukulinganisela ukwethembeka komthombo. Ukuhlolwa kweCRAAP kuwusizo ngokukhethekile ekusunguleni abafundi ukuba bahlolele ukuhlaziya ngendlela engenakulibaleki.

Ukufunda Kwamuva

Ukufunda okulandelayo kuyisu elisetshenziswa yimishini eqeqeshiwe yokuhlola amaqiniso, ethandwa yi-Stanford History Education Group. Kunokuba uhlale engosini eyodwa ukuze wahlulele ukwethenjwa kwayo (ukufunda ngokuqonde kahle), uvula ama-tab amasha ukuze ucwaninge imvelaphi ngokwayo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma uthola indaba yezindaba esendaweni ongayazi, uhlola idumela laleyo ndawo, ubuni, kanye nerekhodi lemikhondo kweminye imithombo. Ukufunda okulandelayo kusiza ngokushesha ukuhlukanisa izindaba eziyinkohliso, iziphakamiso, noma izinhlangano eziphikisayo. [[FLT:] CIP] I-UPURC Ibonisa i-UMPARC [

Indlela Yokusebenzisa ISIFU

Njengoba yasungulwa uMike Caulfield, indlela yesiFT inezindlela ezine:

  • [[UMTL:0] Ume: Misa ngaphambi kokwabelana noma ukusebenzisa umthombo. Buza ukuthi uyawazi yini umthombo nedumela lawo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Hlanganisa umthombo: Thola ukuthi wadala ubani nokuthi kungani. Ukuphenya okusheshayo kungaveza ubandlululo noma ukuntula ubuchwepheshe.
  • Thola uphetho olungcono: Funa eminye imithombo ethenjwayo ebika ngezwi elifanayo. Ithini imishini emikhulu yokukhipha noma imishini yokuhlola amaqiniso?
  • izibalo, izingcaphuno, nemithombo yezindaba kumongo wokuqala: Ngokuvamile ulwazi luyasonteka njengoba lunwebeka. Thola phansi isifundo sokuqala, inkulumo, noma isithombe ukuze ubone ukuthi lokho okushiwoyo kunembile yini.

UKUGCINA kuphumelela ngokukhethekile ekuhloleni izikhungo zezokuxhumana namagciwane.

Ukuhlanganisa nokuqinisekisa

Akukho mthomo kumele wethenjwe ngaphandle kokugunyazwa. Ukukhipha i-apply kusho ukuhlola ukusho okufanayo nemithombo eminingi ezimele − ngokunye kusuka kukuthambekela okuhlukene kwezombangazwe, izindawo zendawo, noma amasiko endlela. Izinhlelo zikahulumeni, izinhlelo zemfundo njenge-Google Schoogle, nezinhlangano ezinkulu zezindaba (umz., Reuters, AP, BBC) zinhle kakhulu ekuqaleni. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe izibalo eziqondile, iziteshici ezinjenge [Snopes[ neFLCC] Fict.[FLT:]

Iziphazamiso Ezivamile Ekuhlolweni Kwazo

Ukuqaphela lezi zihibe kungaqinisa imikhuba yokuzihlola.

Ukuqinisekisa I - Bias

Ukuqinisekisa ubandlululo ukuthambekela kokwamukela imithombo evumelana nezinkolelo ezikhona ngaphambili. Kuholela abantu ukuba bamukele ubufakazi obubuthakathaka obusekela imibono yabo futhi benqabe ubufakazi obuqinile obuphikisana nabo. Ukuze umelane nalokhu, funa ngentshiseko imithombo ebekela imicabango yakho inselele, futhi usebenzise ukuhlola okufanayo emithonjeni ovumelana nayo naleyo ophikisana nayo.

Ukwethembela ngokweqile ku-“.org” noma “.edu” imikhakha

Nakuba i-.org ne-.edu ngokuvamile ibonisa ukuthi ayizuzisi noma ayitholi mfundo, ayizona izitembu ezizenzakalelayo zokukholisa. Amaqembu amaningi afundisayo asebenzisa i-.org, futhi ezinye izingosi zinezincwadi zomuntu siqu ezingase zibe nemibono engacaci.

Ukuhlobanisa Ukuthandwa Nokunemba

I-millimetics isname divirus noma i-translation ehlanganyelwe kabanzi ayilona iqiniso ngempela. I-millimeters ivame ukusakazeka ngokushesha kunokwaziswa okunembile ngoba ivusa inkanuko noma i-metrics (amasango, afana, afanayo, imibono) iyizimpawu zokuthembisana, ukungethembeki.

Ukungawunaki Umongo Wezicaphulo Nezibalo

Izingcaphuno nezibalo zivame ukuthathwa ngaphandle komongo ukuze kusekelwe ukulandisa. Njalo landela lokho okushiwo emthonjeni wazo wokuqala. Izibalo ezinikezwa ngaphandle kosuku, ubude, noma indlela yokusebenza azenzeki. Umongo wobumpofu uyisici esivelele se-message ethayidi nenkulumo ephambanayo ngokufanayo.

Ukuvivinya Abafundi Okuwusizo

Imisebenzi yazandla isiza abafundi ukuba bahlele amakhono okuhlola. Ukuvivinya umzimba okulandelayo kusuka ku-iqanda kuya emazingeni aphezulu.

Umthombo Womsebenzi Wokuqhathanisa

Nikeza abafundi izihloko ezimbili ngesenzakalo esifanayo − esinye esivela ephepheni lezindaba elidumile (umz. Reuters) nesinye esivela emthonjeni wezindaba ongaqondile (umz., indawo eyisimanga noma yezindaba zamanga). Cela abafundi ukuba bahlole ngasinye ngokusebenzisa indlela yeCRAAP noma i-SIFT, bese uqhathanisa lokho abakutholile emaqenjini amancane. Lokhu kwembula ukuthi umbukiso, ulimi, kanye nokushwampuluza kwendlela kuhluke kanjani phakathi kwesihloko esithembekile nesingathembe.

Inselele Eyiqiniso

Nikeza abafundi uhlu lwezisho eziyishumi, ezinye ziyiqiniso, ezinye azikho, ezinye zididane. Bacele ukuba basebenzise amawebhusayithi okuhlola iqiniso kanye nokufunda okulandelayo ukuze bathole ukunemba kokusho ngakunye. Bacele ukuba basho imithombo abayisebenzisa ekuqinisekiseni noma ekuphikiseni lokho abakushoyo. Lokhu kuthuthukisa imikhuba yokucwaninga futhi kujwayelanisa abafundi abanemithombo egunyaziwe.

Umthombo Wokondliwa Kwemithombo Yezindaba

Abafundi bayakwazi ukuhlaziya izingosi zabo zokuxhumana, bakhethe izimemo ezinhlanu ezihlanganyelwa abangane noma abantu abadumile futhi bahlole imithombo yokuqala yeposi ngalinye. Abafundi baveza lokho abakutholile, baqaphele ukuthi iziphi iziphakamiso ezisekelwe emithonjeni ethembekile nezingatshazwa.

Akha umthombo wenjoloba

Kwamaqembu, abafundi baklama i-rubric ukuze bahlole imithombo eqondene nesihloko esithile esiqondile (umzk., ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, amalungelo okuvota, izithasiselo zezempilo). I-rubric kufanele ihlanganise i-alder (igunya, ukunemba, ubandlululo, imali, ukusebenza) enezinombolo ezicacile zokuhlola ukuphakama, ukuzwana, nokungalingani. Umsebenzi ujulisa ukuqonda isilinganiso ngasinye lapho wenza ithuluzi abangalisebenzisa.

Amathuluzi Nemithombo Yezinombolo Okungahlolwa

Ubuchwepheshe bunikeza izinsiza - kuhlola eziphumelelayo zemithombo.

Ukuhlola Imithombo Ethuthayo

Othisha banendima ebalulekile emthonjeni ophithizelayo ekuhloleni izihloko, hhayi emtatsheni wezincwadi noma emakilasini ezokuxhumana kuphela. Indlela yokuyala ephambano iqinisa ikhono nge-moslemo.

Ezifundweni Zomphakathi Nasemasikweni

Imithombo eyinhloko njengezincwadi ezingokomlando, izinkulumo zezombangazwe, nezinqolobane zezindaba.

Ezesayensi Nasempilweni

Fundisa abafundi ukuba bahlukanise phakathi kokuhlolwa okubukeziwe kontanga, ukukhishwa kwezindaba, nezihloko zesayensi ezithandwayo. Banike lokho okushiwo isayensi (isizk., ngecaffeine noma imijovo) bese ucela abafundi ukuba bayilandelele ekutadisheni kwabo kwasekuqaleni, bese behlola indlela yokuhlola kanye nemithombo yezimali.

Izindlela Zobuciko ZesiNgisi Nezolimi

Hlola amasu athonyayo emibonweni nasematheni omhleli. Yenza abafundi bathole ubufakazi beziphakamiso ezenziwa kuma-op, futhi bahlole ukuthi umlobi umelela iziphakamiso eziphikisanayo yini. Lokhu kwakha kokubili amakhono agxekayo okufunda kanye nokuphikisa.

Ezemfundo Yezindaba Nezokuxhumana

Zinikezela ngamaqoqo obandlululo lwe-algoric, amagumbi okuphehla umlomo, kanye nemikhankaso yokukhipha ukwaziswa. Abafundi bangalandela ulwazi olungeyilo nge-cleclerome yabo ephilayo(ukusukela ekudalweni kuya emangqamuzaneni) kuya ekusakazeni (ukusuka ekusebenziseni amathuluzi okuhlola i-nethiwekhi (umz., Hoaxy) ukuze babone ukuthi ababothi nabahlali bayikhulisa kanjani.

Isiphetho: Ukwakha Isimiso Sokwaziswa Esishintshayo

Imithombo ekhiphayo akuyona ikhono lesikhathi esisodwa kodwa inqubo eqhubekayo. Njengoba indawo yokwaziswa ishintsha-shintsha (nezindawo ezintsha zomklamo, ama-prain, ama-ainfake, kanye nokufakwa kwe-Al-generated). Ngokufundisa abafundi nathi ngokwethu ukusebenzisa iziqondiso ezifana negunya, ukunemba, ukucwasana, imali, nokusebenza; ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezifana nokufunda kwamuva, i-SIFT ihamba, kanye ne-expendenting; namathuluzi ekwazi ukuhlanganisa i-active digicrogie, singakha i-aultry ekwazi ukuthonya.

Ukuthembisana komphakathi okunolwazi luxhomeke emaqinisweni ahlanganyelwe. Uma izakhamuzi zingavumelana ngalokho okuyiqiniso, kodwa okungenani ngendlela yokuhlaziya iqiniso elishiwoyo ($(democracy) kuba namandla. Ukuhlola uMthombo akulona nje ikhono lesikole; kuwumkhuba wokuphila konke wokuthobeka, ilukuluku, nomthwalo wemfanelo. Qala ukusebenzisa lezizimiso namuhla, futhi ukhuthaze abanye ukuba benze okufanayo.