Table of Contents

Ziyini Iziphendu Zomthetho - sisekelo?

I-United States Constitution, eyagunyazwa ngo-1788, yamisa uhlelo lukahulumeni waseMelika. Kodwa abakhi bayo baqonda ukuthi akukho mbhalo ongalindela yonke inselele ezayo. Yingakho babehlanganisa i-Athiopt V, enikeza indlela yezinguquko ezingokomthetho ezaziwa ngokuthi izinguquko zomthetho-sisekelo. Lezi zinguquko zihlanganisa noma zibukeze umbhalo wokuqala ovumela uMthetho-sisekelo ukuba uvumelane nezidingo ezihambisana nesidingo somphakathi, izindinganiso ezishintshayo, kanye nezimo ezingalindelekile.

Ukulungisa umthetho-mthetho kumelela uhlobo oluphakeme kakhulu lomthetho e-United States. Uma selugunyaziwe, luba yingxenye yomthetho ophakeme wezwe, luthwele isilinganiso esigcwele soMthetho-sisekelo ngokwawo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma yimuphi umthetho kahulumeni, uhulumeni, umbuso, noma indawo ophikisana nokulungisa awusebenzi. Ukuqonda lezinguquko akuyona nje indlela yemfundo; kuthinta ngokuqondile amalungelo akho, izibopho zakho, kanye nobuhlobo bakho nohulumeni.

Izinguquko ezingu - 27 eziye zagunyazwa kusukela ngo - 1788 zihlanganisa izihloko eziningi: inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye, amalungelo okuvota, izakhiwo zikahulumeni, intela, nezinye.

Inqubo Yesichibiyelo: Uhambo Oluhamba Izinyathelo Ezimbili

Inqubo yokulungisa uMthetho-sisekelo kunzima ngamabomu. Abakhi be-flamenti babefuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinguquko zaziyobonisa ukuvumelana okukhulu kwesizwe kunokuba zibonise izinkanuko zesikhashana. ISiphakamiso V sibala izigaba ezimbili ezihlukene: ukusikisela nokuhlanekezelwa.

Isicelo Sesichibiyelo

Ukulungisa kungahlongozwa ngenye yezindlela ezimbili:

  • Isiphakamiso se-conarical: I-octives ephezulu kakhulu eyisithathu kuyo yomibili indlu yabameleli neSigeqe kuyadingeka. Lendlela iye yasetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinguquko eziphumelelayo ezingu-7.
  • Umhlangano wesizwe:[ Izindlu zombuso ezimbili-ntathu (manje zingoma-34) zingabiza umhlangano ukuba uhlongoze ukulungisa. Lendlela ayizange isetshenziswe, nakuba isalokhu iyisihloko sengxoxo yezombangazwe.

Ukuhlanekezelwa Kwesichibiyelo

Uma ihlongozwa, lenguquko kumelwe igunyazwe izingxenye ezintathu-ne zezifundazwe (izifundazwe ezingama-38). Nalapha futhi, kunezindlela ezimbili:

  • I-Legislature Ratiation: Inguquko ithunyelwa kundlu yombuso ngamunye ukuze ivoti. Lena indlela evame kakhulu.
  • Ingqungquthela yesizwe: isifundazwe ngasinye siphethe umhlangano okhethekile wokuvota ekulungiseni. Lendlela iye yasetshenziswa kanye kuphela, ekulungiseni isichibiyeli se-21 (Iziphetho eziphinde zakhishwa).

Inqubo yokulungisa ingathatha iminyaka noma ngisho amashumi eminyaka. ISichibiyelo sama-27, ngokuphathelene neholo le-cononation, sahlongozwa ngo-1789 kodwa asizange sagunyazwe kwaze kwaba ngo-1992, isikhathi esingangeminyaka engu - 203. Asikho isikhathi sokucwengwa ngaphandle kokuba uMkhandlu uphoqelele ukuba ubeke esinye, njengoba kuye kwenza ngokulungisa okuthile njengeSichibiyelo Senkululeko Ephakathi.

I - Ibheli Lamalungelo: IziNguqulo Zokuqala Eziyishumi

Izinguquko zokuqala eziyishumi, ezagunyazwa ngo-1791, yaziwa njenge-Bill of Rights. Zanezelwa ngokushesha ngemva kokumiswa koMthetho-sisekelo ukuze kukhulunywe ukuthi uhulumeni omusha usongela inkululeko yomuntu siqu. Lokhu kulungisa kubeka imingcele eqondile emandlani kahulumeni futhi kuvikela inkululeko eyisisekelo.

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala: Isisekelo Senkululeko YaseMelika

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala sivikela inkululeko emihlanu ebalulekile: inkolo, ukukhuluma, ukunyathelisa, ukuhlangana, nokunxusa. Sivimbela uMkhandlu ekumiseni inkolo engokomthetho noma ukuphazamisana nemikhuba engokwenkolo. Sivikela ilungelo lokuveza imibono, ngisho neyangathandwayo, futhi sivikele umshini okhululekile wokuhlola amandla kahulumeni. Amalungelo okuhlangana ngokuthula nokunxusa uhulumeni ukuba alungise izikhalo angamathuluzi abalulekile okuhlanganyela kwentando yeningi. I-Landmark Supreme Comments imicimbi yeNkathi yeNkantolo enjengeNew York Times. v. Sullivanchman [1964]]) kanye [FLT:][5] CIN] ne[FLT] UNIT] SEN.[FEC[5][20]

ISichibiyelo Sesibili: Ilungelo Lokuphatha Izikhali

ISichibiyelo Sesibili sivikela ilungelo labantu lokugcina nokuphatha izikhali, ezisekelwe emqondweni wamabutho alawulwa kahle. Izinqumo zeNkantolo Ephakeme [ku-] Divergation of Columbia v. Heller (2008) kanye [McDonald v. City of Chicago[[FLT:]] [2010]) yaqinisekisa ukuthi lelilungelo lisebenza kubantu ngabanye ezindaweni ezizimele futhi lihlanganisiwe ngokumelene nombuso kanye nohulumeni bendawo. Lokhu kuhlala kunezingxenye eziphikisana kakhulu nomthetho womthetho.

ISichibiyelo Sesithathu: Ukuhlanganiswa Kwamasosha

ISichibiyelo sesithathu sinqabela uhulumeni ukuba aphoqelele abaninimakhaya ukuba bahlalise amasosha ngesikhathi sokuthula ngaphandle kwemvume. Nakuba kungavamile ukuba kuqashelwe namuhla, sibonakalisa inzondo yabakhiqizi bemida eboshiwe kumthetho waseBrithani wokuhlanganisa amasosha emakhaya amakoloni.

ISichibiyelo Sesine: Ukufuna Nokuzimela

ISichibiyelo sesine sivikela ekuphenyeni okungacabangeki nokuquleka kukahulumeni. Kudinga ukuqikelelwa komthetho ukuze uthole isiqinisekiso esisekelwe entweni okungenzeka ibangelwa yikho ngaphambi kokuhlola ikhaya lomuntu, impahla, noma imiphumela. Okuhlukile ekufuneni imfuneko, njengezimo ezixekiwe kanye nemoto, kuye kwasungulwa izinkantolo, okwenza lento ibe indawo yokuthuthuka okungokomthetho.

ISichibiyelo Sesihlanu: Amalungelo Omangalelwa

ISichibiyelo sesihlanu sihlanganisa izivikelo eziningana ezigxekayo: ilungelo lokubekwa icala elikhulu lobugebengu obungathi sína, isivikelo engozini ephindwe kabili, ilungelo elimelene nokuzimela, isiqinisekiso senqubo efanelekile yomthetho, nokwenqatshelwa kokuthatha impahla ngasese ngaphandle kokukhokha. Amazwi adumile athi "ukuyala owesihlanu" avela ekukhipheni ngokwethu icala.

Isichibiyelo Sesithupha: Ukuqulwa Kwecala Okungenaphutha Kuqinisekisa

ISichibiyelo seSisithupha siqinisekisa ukuqulwa kwecala lomphakathi okusheshayo nokungakhethi kwejaji ezinkantolo zobugebengu. Siqinisekisa futhi ilungelo lokutshelwa ngamacala, ukumangalela ofakazi, ukuphoqelela ofakazi ukuba bafakaze, nokuba babe nobufakazi obungokomthetho. Icala elivelele Gideon v. Wainwright [1963] limisa ilungelo leseluleko esimisiwe senkantolo sabamangalelwa abangakwazi ukukhokhela ummeli.

ISichibiyelo Sesikhombisa: Ukuvivinywa Kombango

ISichibiyelo Sesikhombisa silondoloza ilungelo lokuqulwa kwecala lejaji emacaleni omphakathi lapho imali ephikisanayo ingaphezu kuka - R2,50.

ISichibiyelo Sesishiyagalombili: Unya Nesijeziso Esingavamile

ISichibiyelo sesishiyagalombili senqabela ibheyili eqile, ukuhlawuliswa ngokweqile, isijeziso esinonya nesingajwayelekile. Lokhu kuye kwaba isisekelo sezinselele zesigwebo sokufa, izimo zasejele, nezenzo zokugweba. INkantolo Ephakeme iye yakholelwa ukuthi incazelo yencazelo ye-livement iqala ngezindinganiso zomphakathi zokuhlonipheka.

ISichibiyelo Sesishiyagalolunye: Amalungelo Ayabuyiselwa

ISichibiyelo seNinth sicacisa ukuthi ukuhlelwa kwamalungelo athile eMthethweni Awenqabeli noma awawahlukanisi amanye amalungelo agcinwe abantu.

Isichibiyelo Seshumi: Amandla Agcinelwe Elase - United States

ISichibiyelo Seshumi esigciniwe esigcinwe ezifundazweni noma kubantu yonke imibuso engaphathiswanga uhulumeni kahulumeni uMthetho - sisekelo.

Izinqumo Zokuvuselela: Ukunciphisa Inkululeko Ngemva Kwempi Yombango

IziNguquko ze - 13, ze - 14 ne - 15 ezagunyazwa phakathi kuka - 1865 no - 1870, zaziwushintsho olukhiqizwa ngemva kweMpi Yombango.

Isichibiyelo Seshumi Nesithathu (1865): Ukuqedwa Kobugqila

IsiHluzi se - 13 sabuqeda phakade ubugqila nobugqila obungahlosiwe kulo lonke elase-United States, ngaphandle kwesijeziso sobugebengu. sasimelela ukuphela okungokomthetho kwenhlangano eyayihlukanise isizwe futhi yaholela ezimpini ezibulala kakhulu emlandweni waseMelika. Inguquko yanikeza futhi uMkhandlu amandla okuphoqelela amalungiselelo ayo ngomthetho.

ISichibiyelo Seshumi Nane (1868): Ukuba Izakhamuzi Nesivikelo Esilinganayo

ISichibiyelo se-14 mhlawumbe siwumphumela obaluleke kakhulu wazo zonke izinguquko. Iziqephu zaso ezinhlanu zamisa ubuzibulo babo bonke abantu abazalwa noma abadalwe e-United States, ziqinisekisa inqubo efanelekile nesivikelo esifanayo ngaphansi komthetho, futhi zakhuluma ngezinkinga zezezimali ezivezwayo nezikweletu ezisuka eMpini Yangaphakathi. ISisekelo sobuKhomanisi be-Classiste siye saba isisekelo esingokomthetho sokunqoba amalungelo esizwe, kuhlanganise [[FLT: 0] Brown v. ibhodi yemfundo (1954) eqeda imvume yesikole, v. [1967]) ukuving'eving'eka okuvimbela ukushada okushiya imishano yezinhlanga, ne[FLD].[FLT]

I-Century Procession Claus e-Imprimence ye-14 iye yasetshenziselwa "ukuhlanganisa" amalungiselelo amaningi eSiphakamiso samalungelo ombuso nohulumeni bendawo, okusho ukuthi imibuso ayinakwephula lamalungelo ayisisekelo. Lemfundiso yokufakwa kwamalungu akhethiwe ilolonga kakhulu umthetho waseMelika.

ISichibiyelo Seshumi Nanhlanu (1870): Ilungelo lokukhuluma

ISichibiyelo se - 15 savimbela ohulumeni bakahulumeni bakahulumeni nohulumeni ukuba banqabe isakhamuzi ilungelo lokuvota ngenxa yesizwe, ibala, noma isimo sangaphambili sobugqila. Naphezu kwale mithetho engokomthetho eqinisekisayo, ubandlululo olunjengomgunyathi wokuhlola ukuvoca, ukuhlola nokusabisa ngobudlova kwahlukanisa amaMelika ase-Afrika cishe cishe iminyaka eyikhulu. IVoting Rights Act ka-1965 yagcina inikeze umthetho wokuba iSiphendulo se-15 sibe yinto engokoqobo.

Inkathi Eqhubekayo Nezinqumiso Zasekuqaleni Kwekhulu Lama - 20

Ekuqaleni kwawo - 1900 kwaba nenguquko eyandisa amandla kahulumeni nokuhlanganyela ngentando yeningi.

ISichibiyelo Seshumi Nesithupha (1913): Intela ehlawulwayo

ISichibiyelo se-16 sagunyaza i-Congress ukuba ikhokhe intela yemali ngaphandle kokuyahlukanisa phakathi kwezifunda ezisekelwe emphakathini. Lokhu kwashintsha kakhulu indlela uhulumeni kahulumeni ophethe okhuphula ngayo imali futhi kwenza ukuba izinhlelo zezenhlalakahle zanamuhla nezokulinganisela zikahulumeni njenge-Social Security ne-Medicare.

ISichibiyelo Seshumi Nambili (1913): Ukukhethwa Okuqondile Kwabaphathi

The 17th Amendment changed the method of electing U.S. Senators from state legislative appointment to direct popular election by the citizens of each state. This increased democratic accountability and reduced corruption in the Senate selection process.

ISichibiyelo Seshumi Nesishiyagalombili (1919): Isigwebo

ISichibiyelo se - 18 savimbela ukwenziwa, ukuthengiswa, nokuthuthwa kotshwala ezweni lonke.Inqubo yabonakala ingathandwa kakhulu futhi yabhebhethekisa ubugebengu obuhleliwe, okwaholela ekuvuselweni kwalo eminyakeni engu - 14 kamuva ngeSichibiyelo sama - 21.

ISichibiyelo Seshumi Nesishiyagalolunye (1920): Ukuthungatha Kwabesifazane

ISichibiyelo sekhulu le-19 sanikeza abesifazane ilungelo lokuvota ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka empikiswano ngokubhalisa. Samemezela ukuthi ilungelo lokuvota alizange liphiwe ngesisekelo sobulili. Lokhu kushintsha kwakuyisinyathelo esikhulu ekuthatheleni iqhaza lentando yeningi futhi kwavula indlela yezinhlangano zamalungelo abesifazane ezalandela.

Izinqumiso Zanamuhla: Ukwandisa Ingxenye Nokubusa

Lenguquko yagunyazwa ngemva kwemigomo kamongameli ka - 1933, ukuvota ngokunenzuzo, izinqubo zokuhlangana, nezinselele zokubusa.

ISichibiyelo Samashumi Amabili (1933): Inkathi Ye - Lame

ISichibiyelo sama - 20 sanciphisa inkathi phakathi kosuku lokhetho nesiqalo semigomo emisha kaMongameli noKhongolo. Sasusa usuku lokuqala lwezinkulumo zomhlangano lwaya kuJanuary 3 negama lomongameli laqala ngoJanuary 20, ukuncishiswa kwethonya lezinhlelo zonobhala.

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala Esangamashumi Amabili (1933): Ukubuyiselwa Kwesinqumo

ISichibiyelo sama - 21 salungisa iSichibiyelo se - 18, saqeda umthetho onqabela utshwala. Savumela nemibuso ukuba ilawule ukuthengiswa kotshwala nokuphuzwa kwemidanti yayo.

ISichibiyelo Esingamashumi Amabili Nesithathu (1951): Imingcele Yemithetho Yomongameli

Iqiniswe ngemva kukaFranklin D. Roosevelt kadendala wezingxenye ezine, iSichibiyelo sama-22 silinganisela omongameli kuma-stadente amabili akhethiwe. Ibuye yenqabela noma ubani oye wakhonza iminyaka engaphezu kwemibili yegama lomunye uMongameli ukuba angakhethwa ngaphezu kokukodwa.

ISichibiyelo Samashumi Amabili nantathu (1961): Isigodi Samalungelo Abantu eColumbia Voting

ISichibiyelo se - 23 sanikeza izakhamuzi zaseWashington, D.C., ilungelo lokuvota okhethweni lukamongameli. ISifunda sithola amavoti alingana nenani ebesiyoba nalo ukube besiyizwe, kodwa hhayi ngaphezu kwezwe elinabantu abambalwa.

ISichibiyelo Se - 20 - Fourth (1964): Ukwenqatshwa Kwentela Engcolile

ISichibiyelo sama-24 senqabela intela yokukhokha intela yokuvota kukhetho lukahulumeni. Intela yokuvota yasetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ezizweni zaseNingizimu ukulahla abavoti baseMelika. Kamuva iNkantolo Ephakeme yandisa lokhu kuvinjelwa kuhulumeni wokhetho v. Virginia Board of Evolutions [19666].

ISichibiyelo Sesithathu Engamashumi amabili nanhlanu (1967): Impumelelo Kamongameli

ISichibiyelo sama - 25 sacacisa ukulandelana komongameli nezinqubo zokukhubazeka.

ISichibiyelo Sesithathu samashumi amabili nanhlanu (1971): Ukusakaza inkathi ka-18

ISichibiyelo Se - 26 sehlisa iminyaka yokuvota kusukela ku - 21 kuya ku - 18 kuwo wonke amavoti kahulumeni, kahulumeni, nawendawo.

ISichibiyelo Seshumi Nambili (1992): Impoqo yengqungquthela

ISichibiyelo sama - 27 senqabela noma yimuphi umthetho owandisa noma wehlise iholo lamalungu oMkhandlu ukuba lingasebenze kuze kube yilapho kuqala iqoqo elilandelayo lemigomo yabameleli.

Izimpikiswano ZeSichibiyelo Sesikhathi Esizayo

Izinguquko eziningana ezihlongozwayo zisalokhu ziyizindaba ezikhuthele zempikiswano yezombangazwe nengokomthetho namuhla.

ISichibiyelo Samalungelo Alinganayo

ISichibiyelo Samalungelo Abantu esilinganayo, esahlongozwa okokuqala ngo-1923, sasizovimbela ubandlululo olusekelwe ebulilini. ISishaya - mthetho saludlulisa ngo-1972, kodwa sahluleka ukufinyelela izifundazwe ezingu-38 ezidingekayo ngesikhathi sango-1982. Eminyakeni yamuva, iVirginia yaba umbuso wama-38 wokuyiqinisa ngo-2020, kodwa izimpikiswano ezingokomthetho ngomthetho mayelana nonyaka wokumiswa kwe-ratication kanye nokubuyiselwa komthetho ziye zagcina ukulungiswa kwesimiso socansi. Ingqungquthela iye yaphikisana ngokususa lo mzuzu, kodwa manje, i-ERA ayikavunyelwa.

Umkhankaso Wezimali Wokushintsha

Ngemva kwesinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme I-CIIzens United v. FEC (2010), eyavumela ukuba kusetshenziswe imali engenakulinganiswa yenkampani nenyunyana ezindlekweni zezombangazwe ezizimele, abasekeli abaningi baye babiza ukuncishiswa komthetho-mthetho-sisekelo ukuze kulinganiselwe kwezombangazwe. Izinguquko eziceliwe zivumela iSishaya-Mnyango nemibuso ukuba ilawule iminikelo yezemikhankaso nezindleko.

Ukusakaza Izinqumiso Zamalungelo Abantu

Izicelo zokwandisa ukuvota zihlanganisa ukubhalisa okuzenzekelayo, ukwenza usuku lokhetho lube iholide likahulumeni, nokubuyisela amalungelo okuvota kumafesi aseqede izigwebo zawo. Abanye abasekeli baye bacela ilungelo lokuvuma ukuvota ukuze bavimbele imingcele yokuvota emelene nesilinganiso sikahulumeni.

I - Electoral College Reformation

Ngemva kokhetho olubili lukamongameli emashumini eminyaka amuva lapho umnqobi wovoti abathandwayo alahlekelwa khona iElectoral College, kuye kwaba nengxoxo emisha ngokuqeda noma ukulungisa iElectoral College. INational Popular Vote Intertate Commict ifuna ukufinyelela lokhu ngaphandle kokulungisa komthetho - sisekelo ngokuba nezindawo ezivuna abavoti abathandwayo ezweni lapho nje behlanganyela khona ezindaweni ezivamile.

Imingcele Yamajaji ENkantolo Ephakeme

Ezinye izazi ezingokomthetho nezazi zezombangazwe ziye zahlongoza ukumiswa kwemingcele engokomthetho yokumiswa kwemithetho engokomthetho yamajaji eNkantolo Ephakeme, manje asebenza ekumiseni izivumelwano zokuphila konke. Amagama ahlongozwayo asukela eminyakeni engu - 18 kuya kwengu - 20, futhi amajaji adlulela egunyeni ngemva kokuba sekuphelile.

Indlela Izinqumiso Zomthetho - sisekelo Ezikuthinta Ngayo Ukuphila Kwakho Kwansuku Zonke

Ukuqonda izinguquko zomthetho - sisekelo kukusiza ukuba uqaphele futhi usebenzise amalungelo akho ezimweni zansuku zonke. ISichibiyelo sokuqala sivikela ikhono lakho lokugxeka uhulumeni, ukwenza inkolo yakho, futhi uhlanganyele nabanye ekusekeleni ushintsho. ISichibiyelo sesine silinganisela indlela ukugcinwa komthetho okungaseshwa ngayo ekhaya lakho noma emotweni. IziNguqulo zesihlanu nezesithupha ziqinisekisa ukwelashwa okulungile uma umangalelwa ngobugebengu.

ISichibiyelo se 14 iSiphendulo Esilinganayo sika-Claus siqinisekisa ukuthi imithetho isebenza ngokulinganayo kubo bonke abantu, kungakhathaliseki uhlanga, ubulili, noma ezinye izici. Lokhu kuthinta yonke into kusukela emfundweni nasemsebenzini kuya ezindaweni zomphakathi zokuhlala. IziNguqulo zekhulu le-19 nelama-26 ziqinisekisa ukuthi ungavota uma nje uneminyaka engu-18, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubulili.

IsiHlanzi se - 16 sithonya ukuphila kwakho ngokwezimali ngokuvumela intela yemali kahulumeni, izimali zeNhlangano Yezenhlalo, iMedicare, isivikelo sobuzwe nezinye izinhlelo ezingenakubalwa.ISichibiyelo seshumi silondoloza igunya likahulumeni ezindaweni ezinjengemfundo, ukugcinwa komthetho wendawo, nokusetshenziswa kwezindawo, okusho ukuthi ukuphila kwakho kwansuku zonke kulawulwa ingxube yenhlangano, umbuso, nemithetho yendawo.

Ukuhlanganyela Nenqubo Yesichibiyelo

Njengesakhamuzi, unamathuba amaningi okulungisa le nqubo kanye nezindaba eziwumthetho - sisekelo.

  • Hlala uphilile: Landela kuhlongozwa ukulungisa ezingqungqutheleni nakuzishaya - mthetho zikahulumeni. Izinhlangano ezinjenge uMthetho-sisekelo wesizwe [[ unikeza imithombo yemfundo engahleliwe ezingxoxweni zomthetho-mthetho-sisekelo.
  • Xhumana nabameleli Bakho: Izikhulu zakho ezikhethiwe eziseSixukwini kanye nesishaya-mthetho sezwe sakho kudingeka uzwe ku-Accounting memontements ezihlongozwayo. Ucingo olulodwa, i-imeyili, noma uhlamvu lungenza umehluko.
  • Paricipate in Public Discourse: Yiba khona emahholo edolobha, bhala ama-op-ead, joyina izinhlangano zomphakathi, futhi usebenzise imithombo yezokuxhumana ukuze uxoxe ngezindaba zomthetho-sisekelo. Ingxoxo yomphakathi ibalulekile ukuze kwakhe ukuvumelana ngoshintsho lomthetho-sisekelo.
  • Ivoti yakho inquma ukuthi iziphi izikhulu ezizoba sesikhundleni ukuze zihlongoze noma zilungise i-rafénce. Ukhetho lukamongameli lungalandela kakhulu, njengoba uMongameli emisa amajaji kahulumeni achaza uMthetho-sisekelo.
  • Imposiso noma Imizamo yokuchasa i-Ratiation: Lapho kubekwe isilungiso phambi kwezifundazwe, ungasekela noma umelane nokuhlanjululwa ngendlu yomthetho kazwelonke. Izinhlangano ze-Grassroot ziye zadlala indima eziwujuqu ezimpini zokulungisa kuwo wonke umlando.
  • Funda Amalungelo Akho: ujwayelane nezivikelo ezinikezwa yizinguquko. Imivubukulo enjenge USUSA.gov amalungelo okuvota ikhasi[ ne [[FLT:] Cornell Institut yolwazi olusemthethweni[ inikeza izincazelo ezifinyele zomthetho-mthetho-mthetho.

Isiphetho

Izinguquko ezingu-7 ze-Province yase-U.S. zimelela indaba ehlaziyayo yezentando yeningi yaseMelika. Kusukela kuyiBhili of Rights evikela inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye kuya ekulungiseni i-Reconfinitiontion, kusukela ekuvoteni kwabesifazane amalungelo eminyaka engu-18 ubudala, ukulungisa ngakunye kubonisa umzamo oqhubekayo wesizwe wokwakha isibopho esiphelele. Ukuqonda lomthetho-sisekelo ukukunika amandla okusebenzisa amalungelo akho, ukungenela enqubweni yezembusweni, nokunikela enqubweni yentando yentando yeningi. Umthetho-sisekelo awuyona i-partment; ushintsho oluphilayo njengoba abantu baseMelika beshintsha. Ukuhlanganyela kwakho ekuqhubekeni inqubo akuwona nje umthwalo olungile kodwa okuqhubekayo. Ukuzinzisa, ukulwa, ukuhlanganisa, ukuhlanganisa, nokusiza isiqephu esilandelayo somthetho womthetho-mthetho-mthetho-mthetho.