Ukuqonda Amalungelo Akho Angokomthetho Nemithwalo Yemfanelo Njengesakhamuzi

Zonke izakhamuzi ziphila ngaphansi kwemithetho enikeza inkululeko futhi ibeke imisebenzi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uvota, uqala ibhizinisi, noma umane uqhubekela phambili ukuphila kwakho kwansuku zonke, ukuqonda izimiso ezingokomthetho kukusiza ukuba uzivikele, uhloniphe abanye, futhi unikele emphakathini osebenzayo. Lesi sihloko sidlula emalungelweni angokomthetho ophethe, imithwalo yemfanelo ehambisana nezakhamuzi, nezindlela ezisebenzayo zokuhlanganyela ngokomthetho ekuphileni komphakathi.

Ulwazi olungokomthetho alulona nje olwabameli kuphela. Uma uqonda amalungelo akho, futhi indlela yokuwasebenzisa, kulula ukuwasebenzisa, futhi ungahlanganyela ngokuqiniseka emisebenzini elololonga umphakathi wakini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwazi izibopho zakho kuqinisekisa ukuba uhlale ngasohlangothini olufanele lomthetho futhi ufeze indima yakho njengelungu elizuzisayo lomphakathi. Masiqale endaweni ebaluleke kakhulu: amalungelo aqinisekisiwe ezakhamuzini.

Amalungelo Angokomthetho Ayisisekelo Ezakhamuzi

Isimiso somthetho sinikeza izakhamuzi isivikelo esilinganisela amandla kahulumeni futhi silondoloze inkululeko. Lamalungelo avela kumthetho-sisekelo, izimiso, nezinqumo zenkantolo. Awaphelele. (Ngakho lonke ilungelo elingalawulwa ngokunengqondo) ukuze kuvikelwe ukuphepha komphakathi noma amalungelo abanye (kodwa akha isisekelo sokuhlanganyela kwentando yeningi.)

Amalungelo Omthetho - sisekelo Nezivikelo Zawo

E-United States, uMthetho-sisekelo neSigqi Samalungelo udwebe inkululeko ebucayi kakhulu. ISichibiyelo sokuqala sivikela ukukhuluma, inkolo, ukunyathelisa, ukuhlangana nelungelo lokunxusa uhulumeni. ISichibiyelo Sesine silwa nokuphenywa okungacabangeli, sifuna ukugcinwa komthetho okusekelwe entweni engenzekayo ngaphambi kokuhlola ikhaya lakho noma impahla yakho. ISichibiyelo sesihlanu siqinisekisa inqubo efanele futhi sivikele ekuzibekeleni umlomo wesizungu, okusho ukuthi awunakuphoqelelwa ukuba uzifakazele ecaleni lobugebengu. ISiphendulo sesithupha siqinisekisa ukuqulwa kwecala elinobulungisa, ukuqulwa kwecala elingakhethi, kanye nelungelo lokunikeza iseluleko esingokomthetho.

Lamalungelo asebenza kubo bonke abantu e-United States, hhayi nje izakhamuzi. Nokho, amanye amalungelo njengawokuvota kukhetho lukahulumeni agcinelwe izakhamuzi. Ukuqonda isivikelo sakho somthetho-sisekelo kukuvumela ukuba uqaphele lapho soniwe futhi uphendule. Ngokwesibonelo, uma amaphoyisa ekumisa, unelungelo lokuhlala uthule futhi unelungelo lommeli. ACLU’s Know Your Rights unikeza isiqondiso esicacile ngalokho ongakwenza uma uhlangana nomthetho, kuhlanganise nezimo ezithile ezinjengokuvinjelwa noma ukuma komngcele.

Amalungelo Okulahla Imithetho Ngaphandle Komthetho - sisekelo

Ngaphandle koMthetho-sisekelo, imithetho kahulumeni nombuso iveza amalungelo engeziwe. Imithetho enqabela ukucwaswa kwamalungelo abantu ngenxa yohlanga, ubulili, ukukhubazeka, inkolo, nezinye izici ezivikelekile emsebenzini, endlini, nendawo yomphakathi. Imithetho yendawo ezungezile inikeza izakhamuzi ilungelo lomoya ohlanzekile namanzi, futhi ihlanganisa amalungiselelo okunikeza imvume yomphakathi. Imithetho yokuvikela ikunika ilungelo lokwaziswa okunembile kwemikhiqizo, izivumelwano ezilungile, nekhono lokuphikisana namacala okukhohlisa. Ngokufanayo, imithetho yezindaba zomuntu siqu ilawula indlela izinkampani eziqoqa futhi zisebenzise ngayo ukwaziswa kwakho siqu.

Umthetho-mthetho kahulumeni uvame ukunikeza ngisho nesivikelo esibanzi kunoMthetho-sisekelo kazwelonke. Ngokwesibonelo, amanye amazwe anenkululeko yokukhuluma enamandla yokuvikela, amalungelo athé xaxa, noma amalungelo acacile endawo ezungezile enempilo. Ngaso sonke isikhathi hlola imvume yombuso wakho yamalungelo, kanye nedolobha lakho noma imithetho yesifunda, ukuze uthole izivikelo ezingokomthetho zendawo. USA.gov umnini wenkantolo ingakusiza ukuba uthole imithombo yezimiso zakho.

Indlela Yokuqinisekisa Amalungelo Akho

Ukwazi amalungelo akho kuyingxenye yempi; kumelwe futhi ukwazi ukuwaqinisa ngokuphumelelayo. Qala ngokuhlala waziwe ngemithetho ethinta wena. Funda ukufushaniswa komthetho omusha, vumela ukushintshwa okungokomthetho kwezinhlangano ezidunyiswayo, futhi usebenzise amawebhusayithi kahulumeni asemthethweni ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okuqondile. Uma ukholelwa ukuthi ilungelo liphulwe, ubhale isenzakalo ngokuphelele: Bhala phansi izinsuku, izikhathi, amagama ezikhulu ezihilelekile, nanoma iziphi iziphi izikhulu. Gcina amakhophi amaphepha ahlobene, njengezivumelwano, imibiko yamaphoyisa, noma amarekhodi ezokwelapha.

Uma ukwephula kuhilela inxusa likahulumeni, kungase kudingeke ufake isikhalo noma isicelo sokuqulwa kwecala. Ubandlululo noma ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo omphakathi, i-Equal Obrounty Commission (EOC) isingatha ukucwaswa emsebenzini, kuyilapho ukuvinjelwa kwezindawo zokuhlala ne-Urban Development kusingatha ukucwaswa kwezindlu. Umthetho wokwephula umthetho, kungase kudingeke ukuba uthintane nommeli wamalungelo omphakathi noma umthola - mvume ongokomthetho. Imiphakathi eminingi inikeza usizo lwamahhalalo noma oluphansi olusemthethweni lwezakhamuzi ezingakwazi ukukhokhela i-omgalelo.

Imithwalo Yemfanelo Engokomthetho Yezakhamuzi

Ilungelo nemithwalo yemfanelo kuyahambisana. Ukubusa ngentando yeningi okunempilo kuxhomeke ekufezeni imisebenzi yabo, egcina ukuhleleka, izimali ezixhasa umphakathi, futhi iqinisekise ukuthi kufezwa ubulungisa.

Ukulalela Imithetho

Umthwalo wemfanelo oyisisekelo kakhulu uwukulandela umthetho. Lokhu kuhlanganisa yonke into kusukela kwimithetho yomgwaqo nemithetho yokukhokha izivumelwano zezemthetho, ukungazi umthetho kuyisivikelo, ngakho kuwumsebenzi wakho ukufunda nokuvumelana nezimiso ezisebenza emisebenzini yakho. Ngokwesibonelo, uma unebhizinisi elincane, kumelwe uqonde imithetho yentela, imithetho yezentengo, yempilo neyokuphepha, nezimfuneko ezisemthethweni zomthetho. Uma uphula umthetho, ungabhekana nenkokhelo, noma ungazi ukuthi unecala.

Ukuze uhlale uvumelana, yenza umkhuba wokubukeza imithetho ehlobene nomthetho kanye noma kabili ngonyaka. Landela iminyango esemthethweni: sayinela izixwayiso ezivela kusishaya-mthetho, funda izimvume ze-codecs zikamasipala, futhi hlola USUSA.gov Laws and Legional Special Special mes ikhasi[ ukuze uthole izinguquko ezisezingeni lombuso. Uma unemibuzo engokomthetho eqondile, cabangela ukubuza ummeli noma umphathi wezincwadi.

Ukukhokha Intela

Intela ixhasa izakhiwo zentela, imfundo, ukuphepha komphakathi, nezinhlelo zezenhlalo. Izakhamuzi nezakhamuzi kudingeka zibhale phansi intela engokomthetho, ewumbuso, neyasendaweni futhi zikhokhe intela ekhokhwayo. I-IRS ilinganisela ukuthi i-United States ilahlekelwa amakhulu ezinkulungwane zezigidi zamaRandi ngonyaka ukuze ikhokhise intela, ekugcineni ishintshela umthwalo kubakhokhi bentela abathembekile. Ukugcwalisa lomthwalo, ukugcina amarekhodi anembile emali eholi, izikweletu, izikweletu, nezikweletu zemali. Sebenzisa i-software yentela noma umgcini-mali othembekile. Uma ungenakukhokha ngokugcwele, i-IRS inikeza amalungiselelo futhi ngezinye izikhathi ihlehla; kungcono ukuxhumana nenhlangano kunezibopho ezibopho.

Umthetho wentela ungayinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasebenza, abatshali bezimali, noma izisebenzi ezizisebenzelayo. Izincwadi zezincwadi ikhasi zinikeza iziqondisi eziningiliziwe kuyo yonke into kusukela ezindleko zebhizinisi kuya emalini eholweni lakwamanye amazwe. Khumbula ukuthi ukuhluleka ukukhokha izintela kungaphumela ezijezisweni, isithakazelo, ngisho nasekumangalelweni kobugebengu ezimweni ezinzima zokukhwabanisa.

Inkonzo YaseJury

ISichibiyelo seSithandathu siqinisekisa ukuqulwa kwecala lejaji, kodwa lelo lungelo lixhomeke ezakhamuzini ezizimisele ukukhonza lapho zibizwa. Umsebenzi kaJury uyisibopho somphakathi esiqinisekisa izimiso zomthetho ezibonisa izindinganiso zomphakathi. Uma uthola izicelo, kumelwe uphendule ngokushesha. Uma unempi engokomthetho (njengezizathu zempilo noma ubunzima obukhulu), ungacela ukudebeselelwa noma ukukhululwa. Ukukhonza ejajini kungathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa noma amasonto ambalwa, kodwa abaqashi abaningi badingelwe umthetho ukuba bavumele ikhefu elikhokhelwe umsebenzi wejaji, futhi amashendebe amaningi akhokhela iholo eliphansi.

Uma ukhethwa njengejaji, lalela ngokucophelela iziyalezo zomahluleli, hlaziya ubufakazi ngokungakhethi, futhi ube nokholo oluhle ngamabomu. Gwema ukuxoxa ngecala nonoma ubani ongaphandle kwegumbi labahluleli futhi ungacwaningi ngecala elikuyi - Internet (lelingase liholele ekutholeni izaba ezingafanele noma zokudelela. Lokhu kungakudinga kakhulu, kodwa kungenye yezindlela eziqondile zokuhlanganyela esimisweni sobulungisa.

Ukuhlonipha Amalungelo Abanye

Amalungelo akho aphelela lapho amalungelo omunye umuntu eqala khona. Lesisimiso siyisisekelo semingcele eminingi engokomthetho: awunakumemeza izixwayiso zezicisha - mlilo zamanga, ugqugquzele ubudlova, ukuphambana kwempahla yomuntu siqu, noma ukulimaza idumela lomunye umuntu ngokunyundela. Ukuhlonipha abanye kusho futhi ukuvumelana nemithetho engalulazi ezindaweni zokuhlala, umsebenzi, nezindawo zomphakathi. Ukuba isakhamuzi esinomthwalo wemfanelo kuhlanganisa ukuphatha wonke umuntu ngesithunzi, kungakhathaliseki uhlanga, inkolo, ubulili, noma imibono yezombangazwe.

Ukuhlonipha abanye kusho ukugwema ukuziphatha okuphazamisa izivikelo zabo ezingokomthetho. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umakhelwane wakho efaka isikhalo somsindo, ilungelo lakho lokudlala umculo onomsindo lilinganiselwe ngemithetho yendawo evikela ilungelo lomakhelwane wakho lokujabulela ikhaya lakhe ngokuthula. Uma kuphakama izingxabano, zama ukuzixazulula ngokukhulumisana noma ngokuxhumana ngaphambi kokuba uthathe isinyathelo esingokomthetho.

Ukuhlanganyela Ngokomthetho Emphakathini

Ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo nangokomthetho kuwuphawu lokuthembisana ukuba isakhamuzi. Kungaphezu kokuvota ukuhlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi zokuhileleka komphakathi (okuthi zonke kumelwe ziqhutshwe phakathi kwemingcele yomthetho. Ukuqonda indlela yokuhlanganyela ngokomthetho kukusiza ukuba uzwise izwi lakho ngaphandle kokuzifaka engozini.

Ukukhangisa Nokukhetha

Ukuqamba kungumthwalo wemfanelo obaluleke kakhulu wesakhamuzi. Nokho, ukhetho lulawulwa imithetho eqondile ephathelene nokubhalisa, ukuhlukanisa, ukukhipha izinombolo, nokukhipha isikhathi. Ukuvota ngokomthetho, kuqinisekisa ukuthi ubhaliswe ekhelini lakho lamanje ngaphambi kosuku lokubhalisa. Izizwe eziningi zidinga i-ID kahulumeni efakiweyo; hlola ukukhomba kukahulumeni wakho . gov's I-omd short ikhasi . Uma ungakwazi ukuvota kumuntu ngosuku lokhetho, faka i-ogamente ye-posi engekhoyo noma ebhayisekile. Yazi ukuthi ukuvota okungezwa [ngokuvota okuvamile noma okuvotayo noma okungumuntu othile] ubugebengu obungathi sína ngokwesikhathi sokukhokhwakhwa kwejele.

Ngaphandle kokwenza ibhola lokuvota, ungahlanganyela ngokomthetho okhethweni ngomkhankaso wokuzithandela, ngokunikela kwabazovotelwa, noma ngokusebenza njengesisebenzi sokuvota. Lemisebenzi futhi inemithetho: iminikelo yomkhankaso ilinganiselwe ngumthetho kahulumeni, futhi izisebenzi zokuvota kumelwe zilandele izinqubo eziqinile zokuvikela ubuqotho be-bolom. I-Federal Evolution Commission (FEC) inikeza isiqondiso esiningiliziwe sezezimali zomkhankaso nemisebenzi yezisebenzi zokuzithandela.

Umhlangano Nophawu Olungokomthetho

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala sivikela ilungelo lakho lokuhlangana ngokuthula futhi siveze imibono yakho. Ukugubha, ukumasha, imibuthano, imibhikisho kungokomthetho uma nje ungavimbela ukudlula kwezimoto, ukujezisa impahla yomuntu siqu ngaphandle kwemvume, noma ukhuthaza ubudlova. Amadolobha amaningi adinga imvume yokuhlangana okukhulu; hlola uhulumeni wakho ngemingcele yomsindo, imingcele emisiwe, nezindawo zokuvukela ezimisiwe. Ukugcinwa komthetho kungamisa isikhathi, indawo, nemithetho esemthethweni, kodwa lokhu kumelwe kwaneliswe ukuhlangana kwempahla yomuntu siqu ngaphandle kwemvume, futhi kushiye eminye imikhankambi yokuxhumana.

Ukusebenzisa amalungelo akho omhlangano ngokuphepha, hlala ezindaweni zomphakathi (njengemizila yezinyawo, amapaki, noma izindawo zikahulumeni). Gwema ukuphazamisa izinkonzo zengozi noma amasango okwakha. Uma uvalelwe, khumbula ilungelo lakho lokuthula ucele ummeli. Khuluma lesi senzakalo / qokobhe ividiyo noma uthathe izithombe, futhi phawula izinombolo zamabheji zezikhulu uma ukholelwa ukuthi amalungelo akho aphuliwe. I-PROTEster AXU'S sikhombisi samalungelo abantu [ iwumthombo obalulekile ngaphambi kokuba uxhumane noma isiphi isibonakaliso.

Ukuhlanganyela Nokubambisana

Ukuhlanganyela okungokomthetho kuhlanganisa nokuya emihlanganweni yamahholo edolobha, ukusebenza emabhodini e-arhente, ukunxusa uhulumeni, nokubhalela izikhulu ezikhethiwe. Lemisebenzi izindlela eziphansi zokuthonya umthetho futhi igcine izikhulu zinecala. Nokho, ngisho nalapha kunemingcele engokomthetho: awunakubhala izikhangiso noma izicelo eziwubuwula, futhi kumelwe ulandele imithetho yokufuna ukudluliswa uma ukhokhelwa ukuthonya umthetho. Ngokwesibonelo, uma iqembu lomphakathi lifuna ukushintsha umthetho wendawo, ukuhlanganisa izisayino zenyathelo lobuthathi, noma ukucela i-váriance, uqinisekise ukuthi uyayiqonda inqubo edingekayo edolobheni lakho noma ewebhukwini lomabhalanethi.

Olunye uhlobo lwesivumelwano somphakathi ukubopha ngokuzithandela emsebenzini wejaji, njengoba kuxoxwe ngakho ekuqaleni, noma ukuhlanganyela kwezinye izinqubo zesinqumo eziphikisanayo njenge-mediation noma uku-accounction. Eminye imiphakathi incike futhi ezakhamuzini ukuba zikhonze emakhonselweni ezimiso zokuziphatha, emabhodini okuhlela, noma njengabameleli abakhethekile benkantolo. Lezi zindima zithwala imithwalo engokomthetho, kuhlanganise nokufihla imfihlo nokungakhethi. Ngokuhlanganyela kule misebenzi, usiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi imithetho isebenza kahle futhi uhulumeni uyaqhubeka usabela ezakhamuzini zawo.

Ukufuna Usizo Olungokomthetho Nokuhlala Unolwazi

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wazi kahle kangakanani umthetho, kuphakama izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokungagwegwesi. Uma zizama ukuqondisa izinhlelo. Izinhlangano zosizo ezingokomthetho zinikeza abantu abaholayo ngesihle noma ngenzuzo ephansi. Izezimali zosizo lwezimali [inhlangano yezezimali] (LSC]) izinhlelo zosizo olungokomthetho ezweni eliphatha izindawo zokuhlala, umkhaya, umthengi, kanye nezinzuzo. Izindaba zobugebengu, abavikeli bomphakathi zikhona uma ungakwazi ukuthenga ummeli wabucala. Izinhlangano zelungelo lamalungelo omphakathi, njenge-ACKLLUU noma iNaACP Legalment Defectal Fund zinganikeza izitetho zezekelo eziphawulekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhulu eziningi zenkantolo zinezikhungo zosizo ezingokwayo, iziyalezo, iziyalezo, izisebenzi eziyisisekelo, nezindlela ezingokomthetho zokuqondisa kuwemthetho.

Ukuhlala unolwazi kudinga umzamo wezikhathi ezithile. Ukuzibophela kumaphepha ezincwadi avela emithonjeni ethembekile: amawebhusayithi kahulumeni, iziqondiso zenhlangano yezentengiselwano yenhlangano yezemfundo esemthethweni, nezinhlangano zezemfundo esemthethweni. Funda ukufushaniswa kwezinqumo ezibalulekile zenkantolo ezithinta ukuphila kwakho kwansuku zonke, njengalezo ezihilela ukuzifihla, inkululeko yokukhuluma, noma imithetho eyimfihlo. Gwema ukuthembela engosini yezokuxhumana noma emakhaleni e-asethi, njengoba lezi zivame ukuvala izindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi zomthetho. Umkhuba omuhle uwukuphawula isikhungo sezezomthetho .USA.

Isiphetho

Ukufunda okusemthethweni kuwuhambo oluqhubekayo. Ngokuqonda amalungelo akho angokomthetho nawasemthethweni, ukufeza imithwalo yakho yemfanelo, nokuhlanganyela emisebenzini yomphakathi engokomthetho, uba isakhamuzi esiqinile. Uvikela hhayi nje izithakazelo zakho kuphela kodwa nobuqotho besimiso sobudemokrasi. Thatha izinyathelo ezincane: funda iqiniso elisha elingokomthetho kulelisonto, ukhonze ejajini labahluleli lapho ucelwa, uvote kuzo zonke izinqumo, futhi usize umakhelwane aqonde amalungelo abo. Enkathini yoshintsho olusheshayo, ukwazi izisekelo ezingokomthetho kukunika amandla okuqondisa umphakathi ngethemba nangobuqotho.