Ukudla neziphuzo ezitholakala kubafundi phakathi nosuku lwesikole kuthonya ngokuqondile imikhuba yabo yokudla, ukusebenza kwemfundo, kanye nezimiso zempilo ezithatha isikhathi eside. Nakuba iziqondiso zikahulumeni ezinjenge-Health, Honger-Free Kids Act zimisa imigaqo yokondleka, yizimiso zendawo ezinqumayo ukuthi lezi zindinganiso zisetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo kangakanani futhi ukuthi zingcono yini ngempela ezisetshenziswayo zisusa izinto ezinomsoco. Amabhunga esikole, imikhandlu yezempilo, neminyango yezempilo yesifunda isebenzisa igunya elibalulekile ekuthengeni izivumelwano, ukufakwa kwemishini ekhuphula imithetho efaka imali, nemfundo yemfundo yokondleko. Uma labadlali bendawo behlela imizamo yabo ngesayensi edinga ukuthuthukisa ukudla okunomsococo, badala izimo ezingcono lapho ukukhetha okuhle. Lesi sihloko sihlola izindlela zokulungisa izinhlelo zesikole zendawo, izici ezinjalo, izinhlelo ezinikezwayo, izinselele zezemfundo ezinikezwayo, futhi zithuthuke intuthuko ezingokwenhlalo.

Indima Eyisisekelo Yemithetho Yokuziphatha Yasendaweni Ekudleni Kwesikole

Izimiso zendawo zisebenza njengemgogodla osebenzayo oguqula imigomo ebanzi yokondleka nsuku zonke ezikoleni. Ngokungafani nemithetho kahulumeni engase ithathe iminyaka ukuvuselela, iziqondiso zendawo zingashintshwa ngokushesha ukuze zibonise izinto eziza kuqala emphakathini, ukusungula ukucwaninga, nokushintsha indawo yokudla. Ngokwesibonelo, isifunda sesikole singasebenzisa isimiso esivimbela ukuthengiswa kweziphuzo ezinoshukela kuzo zonke izakhiwo zesikole, kuhlanganise nangemva kwezenzakalo zesikole, isithiyo esidlula izindinganiso zikahulumeni uStuart Sacks. Izimiso ezinjalo zithinta ngokuqondile indawo yokudla ngokulawula lokho okuthengiselwayo, okuthengiswayo ngemishini yokuthenga, futhi okuvunyelwayo ngemikhosi yasekilasini noma ngezezimali.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimiso zendawo zingasingatha izici zendawo nezomnotho ezibangela ukudla okungalingani. Ezindaweni ezithola imikhiqizo emisha elinganiselwe, isimiso sendawo singafuna izikole ukuba zithathe ingxenye yezithako zazo emapulazini endawo noma zihlanganyele ezimisweni zepulazi kuya ezikoleni. Lezi zinyathelo azigcini ngokuthuthukisa izinga lokudla okunomsoco kodwa futhi zikhuthaza nezokufundiswa kwezomnotho zendawo ukuthi ukudla kwabo kuvelaphi. Ukuzivumelanisa kwemithetho yendawo kungavumela izikhambiso ezihambisana nezindlela zokulungisa ukudla ezihlonipha ukudla okuthandwayo kuyilapho kusesemuva kuhambisana nesayensi yokondleka.

Izingxenye Eziyinhloko Zokunakekelwa Kwezokudla Kwendawo Okuphumelelayo

Ukucwaninga kuveza izakhi eziningana ezihlukanisa izinhlelo eziphumelelayo kulezo ezingenathonya. Lezi zingxenye zisebenza ndawonye ukuze zakhe uhlelo olubanzi olusekela ukudla okunempilo kuzo zonke izikole.

Izindinganiso Zokudla Ezisekela Konke Ukudla Nokudla

Isisekelo sanoma isiphi isimiso sokondleka esiqinile sesikole siyindinganiso ecacile yezindinganiso zokondleka ezisebenza ekudleni nakuzo zonke iziphuzo ezithengiswa emakolishi, kuhlanganise nalezo ezisemishinini yokuthengisa, izitolo zesikole, naphakathi kwe-skhamparasite. Izimiso ezisebenzayo zichaza imingcele engeziwe kashukela, usodium, amafutha anqumayo, nobukhulu obuqinile, kuyilapho zikhuthaza ukudla okuphelele, izithelo, imifino, namaprotheni angenayo. USDA’S program yeSikole yeSidlo inikeza isisekelo esiwusizo, kodwa imithetho yendawo ingaqinisa leminxa. Ngokwesibonelo, eminye izifunda ziye zalahla zonke iziphuzo ezipho ezisayo ezisandlekile noma isilinganiso esiphansi kakhulu semoto.

Imithetho Ephathelene Nemishini Ethengisayo Nokudla Okuyimpicabadala

Ngisho noma ukudla kwesikole kuhlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zokondleka komzimba, abafundi bavame ukuthola “ukudla okuxubile” izinto ezidayiswa ngaphandle kwelayini yokudla. Izimiso zendawo kumelwe zilawule ukuthi lokhu kudla kutholakalaphi futhi nini. Izinqubo eziphumelelayo zihlanganisa ukulinganisela amahora okulungisa imishini esetshenziswayo ngemva kwesikhathi sasemini, ukususa imishini yokususa ezikoleni eziyisisekelo neziphakathi ngokuphelele, noma ukufuna ukuba okungenani amaphesenti angu-50 eminikelo yemishini ethengiswayo ahlangabezane nezimiso zokuthambisa izinongo ezinempilo. Izivumelwano zika-Plancicier zingafakwa futhi ngokuncishiswa ngokuthi isilinganiso esithile semali ekhiqizweyo kumelwe iphume ezinkonzweni ezinempilo, ukuthutha abahwebi bemisebenzi yokuguqula imikhiqizo emisha.

Imfundo Yokudla Okunomsoco

Umthetho wodwa awunakushintsha imikhuba yokudla ngaphandle kokwenza ulwazi nezimo zengqondo ezishukumisa ukukhetha ukudla. Ukuhlobanisa izimiso zendawo ezihlanganisa indawo yokudla nekilasi ngokufaka imfundo yokudla elungele ukukhula, engokwesiko, futhi ihlanganiswe nezihloko ezinjengempilo, isayensi, ngisho nezibalo. Izifundo eziphumelelayo zidlulela ngalé kwamaqembu avamile afundisa amakhono anjengokufunda amalebula okudla, ukuhlela ukudla, nokupheka. Ezinye izigodi ziye zasungula imfundo esekelwe engadini, lapho abafundi betshala khona imifino futhi bawalungisele ekhishini lesikole, bakha inqubo enamandla enikeza inzuzo enika impilo.

Ukuhlanganyela Komphakathi Nesimiso Sokuzilibazisa

Izimiso ezithuthukiswa ngokuzehlukanisa zivame ukubhekana nokumelana nokumelana noma ukuswela. Izimiso zendawo eziphumelela kakhulu zihilela abazali, othisha, abafundi, abaqondisi besikole, nezinhlangano zezempilo zomphakathi kusukela ekuqaleni. Ukuqulwa kwamacala omphakathi, ukuhlola, imikhandlu yabafundi, kanye nemizamo yabafundi bonke isebenza ekuqoqeni ukufakwa nokuthola ubunikazi. Uma amalungu omphakathi enomuzwa wokuthi amazwi awo azwakala, asengozini kakhulu yokusekela ukumiswa nokuthotshelwa. Ngokwesibonelo, isifunda seSeattle sifaka abafundi ekuhlolweni kokudla okusha ngaphambi kokwenza izinguquko zenkambiso, okusiza ukwamukela nokunciphiswa kokudla.

Imiphumela Elinganiswayo Empilweni Yabafundi Nemiphumela Yamakhorali

Ukuhlolwa kokugcina kwanoma isiphi isimiso sendawo ukuthi sithuthukisa izikhombo zempilo. Ucwaningo olukhulayo lubonisa ukuthi izikole ezinezimiso eziqinile zokondleka zibona ushintsho oluphawulekayo ekuziphatheni kwabafundi. Ukuhlola okwakhishwa Journal ye-Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics[ kwathola ukuthi abafundi abafunda ezikoleni ezinezindinganiso eziqinile zokondleka kahle zendawo badla imifino engaphezulu kwe 25% futhi abangu-18% baphuza iziphuzo eziphuzwayo ezisezikoleni ezinemifinyele noma ezingekho mithetho eqinile. Ngalé kokudla, izikole ezifaka umbiko wezimiso ezibanzi zokuhlanganisa iziqu zomzimba (BMI) ezivame kubafundi, ikakhulukazi labo ababenomzimba okhuluphele kakhulu.

Ukudla okuthuthukisiwe futhi kuhlanganisa nokusebenza kahle kwemfundo. Izibande Zezifo Zokunqanda Nezokuvimbela (CDC) ziphawula ukuthi abafundi abanempilo bangabafundi abangcono, abanolwazi olungcono, abanobunzima obuphezulu, abambalwa, nabancishisiwe kwezimiso zokuziphatha. Izikole eziye zasusa iziphuzo ezinoshukela futhi zathatha indawo yazo ngamanzi nobisi olunciphile kakhulu ziphawule ukugxiliswa kwengqondo emakilasini antambama. Izimiso zendawo eziqinisekisa ukuthi ukudla kwasekuseni kutholakala kubo bonke abafundi, kungaba sekilasini noma ngezinhlelo zokuthatha izinhlelo zesikole noma ngokuzihambela phambili, zithuthukisa umsebenzi wobuchwepheshe nokunciphisa iziphazamiso ezihlobene nendlala.

Okubalulekile, izinzuzo zezimiso zendawo eziqinile zidlulela ngalé kwesikole. Uma abafundi bejwayele izindlela ezingcono zokuthenga esikoleni, bavame ukuthonya izinqumo zemikhaya yabo zokuthenga nemikhuba yokudla ekhaya. Eminye imiphakathi iye yabika ukudliwa kwezithelo nemifino emakhaya nezingane ezisesikoleni ngemva kokwamukela izimiso zokudla ezingokwesigodi. Lokhu kudla kubangela ukuba impilo yomphakathi ibuye ekuthengeni imali, okwenza izimiso zesikole zibe yinzuzo enkulu ekuthuthukiseni ukudla komphakathi wonke.

Abaholi Abayinhloko Ekuklanyweni Kwesimiso Nokufezwa Kwemisebenzi

Ukuguqula isimiso kusuka ephepheni ukuya emsebenzini kudinga umzamo ohlangene wabafakeli bezinto eziningi, ngamunye onendima nezisusa ezihlukene. Amabhodi esikole ayindikimba eyinhloko yezezigebengu, anomthwalo wokwamukela isimiso kanye nemithombo yokusebenza ukuze sisebenze. Izigaba ezinkulu kanye nothisha-kakhulu abaqondisa ukuvuma usuku nosuku, kuyilapho abaqondisi benkonzo yokudla kumelwe balungise uhlu, bathenge izithako ezintsha, kanye nezisebenzi zesitimela. Othisha bafunda ezikoleni bafeza indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni imiyalezo yokudla, futhi abahlengikazi besikole ngokuvamile balandele imiphumela yempilo ekwazi ukuhlola isimiso sezesimiso.

Abafaki-mfashini bangaphandle babalulekile ngokufanayo. Iminyango yezempilo yendawo inganikeza usizo lobuchwepheshe, ukwaziswa okuphathelene nempilo yomphakathi, kanye nokuxhumana ukuze kunikeze izimali. Izinhlangano ezingangeni nzuzo ezinjenge- Heary Food America[[ inikeza amakhampasi ezimiso kanye nokusekela ukuba ngonozala. Abafundisi babazali nemikhandlu yabafundi basebenza njengezisebenzi ezinomthwalo wemfanelo, ziqinisekisa ukuthi izimiso azikhonziwa kuphela kodwa futhi zibulawe ngokwethembeka. Ngaphandle kwalezimiso zokusekela, ngisho nezimiso ezibhalwe kahle ezingasemfakweni zingakhokhishwe ngenxa yokuswe kwemithetho noma imithombo yemali.

Omunye umthelisi onganakiwe umthengisi wezokudla. I-policies eqeda ngokushesha izinto ezithandwayo kodwa ezingenampilo ingaphazamisa ubuhlobo obusemqoka kubathengisi, iholele ekuncipheni kwezindawo zenzuzo noma ukudilizwa kwesivumelwano. Impumelelo yomsebenzi wezifunda ezibambisana nabathengisi ezimweni ezishintshayo, inikeza usizo lobuchwepheshe ekulungiseni inguquko, futhi inikeza izivumelwano zesikhathi eside ezinikeza izisekelo ezizimisele ukusekela imikhiqizo enempilo. Lendlela yokubambisana inciphisa intethelelo futhi yakhe ike ikelele ekuthengeni ukudla okunomsocolo.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo Zezinyathelo Zokusetshenziswa Kwemithetho Yendawo Ephumelelayo

Ukuhlola izibonelo zangempela zezwe kukhanyisa amasu nemiphumelo ehlangene nezimiso ezisebenzayo zokondleka kwendawo. EChicago Public Schools, umthetho ka-2010 wasusa ubisi olunambithekayo olunoshukela owengeziwe kuzo zonke izikole eziyisisekelo. Phakathi nonyaka owodwa, ukusetshenziswa kobisi okuphelele kwahlala kuqinile, kusikisela ukuthi izingane zashintsha izinto ezithandwayo kunokunqaba ukuphuza ubisi olungenalutho. Isifunda sabuye sanqabela iziphuzo eziphuzweni eziphuzwayo eziphuma emishinini ethengisayo futhi sazithatha indawo yazo ngamanzi kanye namanzi ancithathu. Ukuhlolwa kokudla ubisi kwabonisa ukuncipha kwabafundi abasebenzisa ushukela kashukela esikoleni.

ECalifornia, iLos Angeles Actifine School District yakhipha i- “Healthy Beverage Resolution” ebanzi ngo-2018 eyasusa zonke iziphuzo zemidlalo neziphuzo zamandla ekholiji. Isimiso sasungulwa ngokubambisana namaqembu abafundi ayesekela izindlela ezingcono zokuthola amanzi emzimbeni. Imali esetshenziswayo yaqala ukwehla, kodwa phakathi neminyaka emibili yaphinde yancipha njengoba abafundi babethenga amanzi amaningi nobisi olunomthamo omncane. Isifunda saqala futhi umkhankaso wokuqaphela umphakathi ogcizelela ukuthi amanzi ayizigijimi ezigcizelela ukuthi ayindlela engcono kakhulu yokusebenza kanye nempilo.

Izifunda ezincane nazo ziye zafinyelela imiphumela ehlaba umxhwele. IBoulder Valley School eColorado yathatha isimiso esithi “Indlela yangempela yokudla” edinga ukuba amaphesenti angu-30 azo zonke izinto ezithengwayo zokudla asungulwe ngakuwo ngo-2025. Zisebenza namapulazi esifunda kanye nezindawo zokudla ukuze zakhe isimiso sokusakaza okusha okukhiqiza ngokuqondile ekhishini lesikole. Ukwaziswa kwakuqala kubonisa ukuthi abafundi abafunda ezikoleni ezihlanganyelayo bazimisele kakhulu ukuzama imifino entsha, futhi ukuthatha iqhaza kwasemini kuye kwanda ngo-12%, okusikisela ukuthi izinga lokudla elithuthukisiwe lidonsela abafundi ukuba badle ukudla kwesikole.

Izinselele Nezinyathelo Zokunqoba Izithiyo

Naphezu kobufakazi obuqand ’ ikhanda namabala agqamile, izimiso zendawo zibhekene nezithiyo eziningi ezikwazi ukuqeda amandla azo. Izithiyo zokusetshenziswa kwemali ziphezulu ohlwini. Izithako zempilo zivame ukubiza kakhulu kunezindlela ezisetshenziswayo ezilungisiwe, futhi izikole ezinemali eqinile yokudla zingalwa kanzima ukuthatha izindleko ezikhushuliwe ngaphandle kokwenyusa amanani entengo yokudla noma ukunciphisa izingxenye ezithile. Imishini evela e-USDA noma izisekelo zangasese zingasiza, kodwa ngokuvamile zinezikhawuleze zilandela izindlela eziningi zokuzinga, njengokuhlanganisa izindleko zokudla ezibangelwa ukuncishiswa kweziphuzo ezidliwayo ngokuncishiswa kweziphuzo ezisemgangatho eziphezulu.

Enye inselele ukumelana nabafundi nabazali abajwayelene nokukhetha okungaphili kahle. Izinguquko ezingalindelekile zingabangela ukuhluleka, ikakhulukazi uma zithathwa njengezinto ezicindezelayo noma ezingahlonipheki zokuzikhethela komuntu siqu. Ukunciphisa lokhu, izimiso eziphumelelayo zihlanganisa inkathi yokushintsha, kuvumela ukushiyeka okulinganiselwe phakathi nezenzakalo ezikhethekile, futhi imingcele emibili ehambisana nokukhangisa okuhle kokukhetha. Izenzakalo zokunambitha, imiboniso yokupheka, kanye namabhodi ohlelo omfundi okupheka angaguqula izisulu ezinqiniselayo zibe yizisekelo ezinamandla.

Umthengisi uvame ukusunduza i-back uma izivumelwano zingavumelani nemigomo emisha yokudla. Ezinye izinkampani zemishini ezingase zisongele ukususa imishini uma zingakwazi ukuthengisa izinto zazo ezingenisa imali eshintshwe kakhulu. Enye indlela ephumelelayo ukuhlanganisa izivumelwano ezidinga amaphesenti ambalwa ezinto ezinempilo, kunokuba zivinjelwe ngokuphelele zonke izinto ezingenampilo. Enye iwukushintsha kancane kancane iminikelo yemikhiqizo ukuze abathengisi babe nesikhathi sokusungula imigqa emisha. Izigodi ezinamandla anamandla athengisenenzuzo angahlanganisa futhi inzuzo yabo yokuxhumana ngentengo engcono nemikhiqizo enempilo njenge-sflunters.

Okokugcina, ukuntuleka kokuhlola okuqhubekayo kungaqeda ukugcinwa kwenqubo. Ngaphandle kokuqoqwa kokwaziswa okuphathelene nokudla okudliwayo, izibalo, kanye nemiphumela yempilo, abenzi bezimiso abanandlela yokwazi ukuthi uhlelo luyasebenza noma ludinga ukulungiswa. Ukumisa izimiso ezilula zokuhlola, njengemibiko yokudayiswa kwekhefi yonyaka noma imijikelezo yabafundi yaminyaka yonke, kusiza ukuba kugcinwe ukulandisa futhi kunikeze ubufakazi bokuvikela isimiso ekuzameni ukuzama ukwenza buthaka. Inhlangano yezempilo yomhlaba (WHO) itusa ipulani yemijikelezo ye-Plan-Do-Dotudy-Actal" yemijikelezo yokuthuthukisa okuqhubekayo kwezindlela zokudla eziphambili zesikole.

Umphumela Wokulinganisa Nokunakekela

Isilinganiso se-Robsust sibalulekile ekuboniseni ukubaluleka kwezimiso zokondleka zendawo nokuthola imali eqhubekayo. Isihluthulelo sihlanganisa ushintsho ekudleni kwabafundi (ngokulinganiswa kuya ku-24 hours stutters, i-octal compacter), ukwakheka komzimba (i-BMI ihlolwa abahlengikazi besikole), kanye nezikhombo zemfundo (amazinga aphezulu, ama-atecratectary, kanye nezilinganiso ezivamile). Imali ezomnotho njengenani lokuhlanganyela ekudleni, imali evela kuthengiso lwe-à la carte, futhi ukudla kungenisa ukuqonda okungangeni emalini.

Izifunda eziningi zihlanganisa futhi ukwaziswa okune-qualitio ngokuqondisa amaqembu agxile kubafundi, abazali, nakuzisebenzi zezenkonzo yokudla. Lokhu kulandisa kwembula ukuqonda okuhlukile, njengokuthi kungani abafundi bengase bamelane nemifino ethile noma indlela izimiso zomkhaya ezithonya ngayo imikhuba yokudla kwasekuseni. Ukuhlanganisa i-quantititimenti kanye nokwaziswa okune-aqualitive kuvumela izikole ukuba zicwengisise izimiso zazo ngezindlela ezisekelwe kuzo kokubili ubufakazi nezomphakathi.

Ukusekela ithonya lesikhathi eside kudinga ukuhlelwa kwenqubo ngezimiso zesifunda eziphethe kahle, izinqumo zebhodi, kanye nezincazelo zezisebenzi. Uma indawo ezungezile enempilo yokudla iba yingxenye ye-DNA yesifunda, isinda ekushintsheni kwemijikelezo yokuqondisa noma yokuhlela. Ukuthuthukiswa komsebenzi wokudla ezisebenzini zokupheka ngokunethezeka, amakhono ommese, nokuthuthukisa indlela yokulungisa izakhi zensimbi kubenza baphumelele ekulungiseni phakathi kwemithetho emisiwe. Inqubo yaminyaka yonke ihlola ngemifakelwa efaka i-DNA, isiqinisekiso sokudla, ubufakazi obungokwesayensi, kanye nokuthuthukisa kwemiphakathi yomphakathi.

Isiphetho

Izimiso zendawo zibalulekile ekulolongeni indawo ezungezile enempilo yokudla ezikoleni. Zigcwalisa izikhala ezishiywe yizindinganiso eziphansi zikahulumeni, zisabela ezidingweni zomphakathi, futhi zingashintshwa ngokushesha kunezidingo zikahulumeni noma zezimiso zesizwe. Izimiso eziphumelela kakhulu zihlanganisa izindinganiso eziqinile zokudla kanye nemithetho yomthetho yezezokudla, imfundo yokondleko, kanye nokuhlangana komphakathi okuqotho. Ubufakazi obuvela ezifundeni eziningi bubonisa ukuthi lezimiso zesikole ziholela ekuthuthukiseni intuthuko engcono yendlela yokudla, izimpawu zempilo, nemfundo yemfundo. Nakuba izinselele ezinjengemingcele yemali, ukumelana nokuphazamiseka kwemali kukhona, zinganqotshwa ngokuhlela izinto ezihlelekile, ngezindlela ezihlukene, nangokuzimisela kwentuthuko eqhubekayo. Njengoba imiphakathi yezindawo zokudla ezisesikoleni, ukubaluleka kwezimiso zezemfundo yasendaweni ephambili kuphela.