Isivumelwano Esihle SangoLwesihlanu Nethonya Laso Elihlala Likhona ENyakatho Ye - Irish Nobuciko Nezincwadi

I-Good Wearth Agreement, eyasayinwa ngo-10 April 1998, yaphela amashumi eminyaka empi enobudlova eNyakatho Ireland eyaziwa ngokuthi iziNyakatho. Nakuba injongo yayo eyinhloko yayingowezombangazwe − ukumisa uhulumeni ohluzekile, izinhlangano ezinqamule imingcele, kanye nesisekelo samalungelo abantu, kanye nemiphumela eguquguqukayo yafinyelela kakhulu emkhakheni wesiko. Kuzo zonke izikhulu zamazwe, abadwebi nababhali base-Northern Ireland, lesivumelwano asizange simane siphawule ukuyeka umlilo; savula indawo entsha ecatshangelwayo. Sabavumela ukuba badlulise izihloko zokuhlukanisa izinhlanga nenhlekelele ukuze bahlole izihloko zokubuyisana, ukuchaza, ukuchaza, nethemba. Lesi sihloko sihlola indlela yokukhangisa inqubo yokudala, ukuvela kwezinkondlo nababhali bezincwadi zezithombe zezithombe zezithombe zezithombe ze-mistre, nendlela isizukulwane esiqhubeka ngayo ukulwa ifafa enkathini edlulile.

Ukubukeka Kwempucuko Ngaphambi Kwesivumelwano: Ukuxabana Njengokudla

Ukuze umuntu aqonde ithonya eliguqulayo le-Good Wear Agreement, kumelwe aqale aqonde isimo sobuciko beNhlupho (c. 1968-1988). Emashumini amathathu eminyaka, abadwebi nababhali base-Ireland basebenza ngaphansi komkhosi wehlelo, ukungaguquguquki kwezombangazwe, nokuhlukana okujulile komphakathi. Umsebenzi wabo wawuvame ukubonisa leliqiniso qhawe, hhayi njengenkulumo - ze, kodwa njengemali ejulile ekhokhwa ingxabano.

Izincwadi Zezinkinga

I-Phoet enjenge-Sealus Heaney, i-Derek Mahon, noPaul Muldon baduma ngekhono labo lokuthola ukucindezeleka, usizi, nokungaqondakali kokuphila emphakathini ohlukene. Inkcazo ka-Heaney ethi “INdoma” (1972) yadweba ukufana phakathi kwezindikimba zasendulo zobishi nezisulu zobudlova banamuhla, kuyilapho iqoqo lakhe lemuva [[FLT:] [[FLD]] [[FLTL:] [12] [197] [7] [7] [7] i-heastly yeNTBENT]. Noris Mooreorey yahlola izihloko zezombangazwe zezombangazwe emisebenzini enjenge [FLT].[FLD [FT]

Le misebenzi yayingesona isithasiselo, yayilwisana namaqiniso ansuku zonke okuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu, ukudutshulwa, nomphumela obhubhisayo wokusola imiphakathi.

Ubuciko Obubonakalayo Nendawo Eyakhekile

Kuzo ezobungcweti, iziNhlupho zaveza umfanekiso ofiphele. UMurals eBelfast nase Derry [1] Idla ngokupendwa amaqembu amasosha noma abashisekeli bomphakathi (izibalo ezihlomile, iziqu, nezimpawu zendawo. Nakuba lezi zazisebenza njengezinkulumo zezombangazwe, zazinciphisa indawo ebonayo ekulandiseni ngezindaba ze-adversarial. Ubuciko be-Institution, njengaleyo eboniswe eUlster Museum noma e-Ormeau Bats Gallery, yayivame ukuxoxa ngempi engekho mthethweni noma ngezithombe ze-mfashini, kodwa yayilokhu iboshwe.

Ifilimu nethelevishini kusukela kulenkathi, njenga Egameni likaBaba (1993) kanye Umdlalo okhalayo [ (1992], wakhanga ukunaka kwezizwe zonke kodwa ngokuvamile wafaka i-inter Ireland nge-lens ye-iscopes noma ngenhlekelele. I-artris yayingenye ye-stasis(arts) noma ikhale, kodwa ayivamile ukugubha noma ukucabanga ngenye indlela.

Isivumelwano Esihle NgoLwesihlanu: ISiko Sasenkambisweni

Isivumelwano sika-1998 sayiguqula ngokuyisisekelo lento enamandla. Ngokumisa uhlelo lokuphatha amandla nokusekela izimiso zokulingana nokuhloniphana, sadala isimo sezombangazwe lapho abadwebi bezizwa benamandla okudlula ukuma kokuvikela. Inqubo yokuthula ayizange isuse isikhathi esidlule, kodwa yavumela uhlobo olusha lwengxoxo olukwazi ukuvuma ukuhlupheka lapho bezama ukubuyisana.

Lokhu akuzenzanga ngokushesha. Iminyaka eyalandela isivumelwano yabona izingxabano zamahlelo eziqhubekayo, ubudlova bezempi, kanye nezisebenzi eziphoqelelwe zezombangazwe. Nokho, umphakathi wamasiko wawathatha ngokushesha amathuba anikezwa ukuthula. Ohulumeni, imikhandlu yobuciko, nabaxhasi bezimali bomhlaba wonke baqala ukumisa kuqala imisebenzi yokuhlanganisa, izinhlelo zefa, nezinhlelo ezazisebenzisa ubuciko njengethuluzi lokuphulukisa.

Izihloko Ezintsha: Ubunye, Ukuphulukisa Nokuhlanganyela

Ingcweti zaqala ukwenza imisebenzi eyamukela ngokucacile ulimi lokuthula. Imishini eyake yathwebula izibhamu ezifihla isifihlakaliso yapendwa kabusha ngamajuba, abantwana, nemiyalezo yethemba. EDerry, umfanekiso wedolobha “Umqhele Waphesheya Kwesikhala” umfanekiso kaMaurice Harron wamiswa ngo-1992, kodwa ukuvuselelwa kwayo kwajula ngemva kwesivumelwano njengophawu lokubuyisana. EBelfast,“ uDonga lokuThula” umlomo wezwe [1] lapho umemezela khona ngokufingqa i-(ne no-"msquadow show shown-media yezithombe zobunye, njengesithombe esidumile “Maurial" kaDannyney Dney.

Ezincwadini, abalobi basusa ukuhlanya okusheshayo kwempi baye bagxila ebunkingeni besikhathi esithile bempi, bahlola inqubo yobuhlobo kanye nemiphakathi yangemva kwempi. U-Compel Callend’s [1999] kanye [[FLT:] kanye [[FLT:] [200]] ne[FLT] Leyo Yayiyiyona [[[FLT:]] [20] [200]] Yahlola inqubo yokwakha kabusha ubuhlobo nemiphakathi. [FLT] [FLT] [200] [ikhulu] I-QURC] Ikhonsa iqiniso kanye ne-ftlective.[FLT]

Ukusabela Okuqondile Enqubweni Yokuthula

Izincwadi zangemva kwesivumelwano zigcwele futhi zihlukene, zihlanganisa izinkondlo, inganekwane, indaba, nedrama. Abalobi bayaqhubeka bexabana nefa lengxabano, kodwa bakwenza lokho besendaweni engcono evumela ithemba, ukuhlazeka, ngisho nokuduma.

USeamus Heaney: Igobolondo Lokubuyisana

Seamus Heaney (1939-2013) iseyindawo ethandwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke e-Northern Ireland yenkathi yangemva kombuso. Nakuba ayethole ukudunyiswa kwezizwe zonke ngaphambili kuka-1998, umsebenzi wakhe wamuva waveza inhloso yenqubo yokuthula. Inkondlo yakhe ethi “The Republic of Confecter” (185) (1985) yayisiye yacabanga ukuthi indawo engaphezu kokuhlukana kwezombangazwe, kodwa [[FLT:] Ukukhanya [[FLT: 1] [200] [200] futhi i-Privernever neChea [FL:] (200] yaqhubeka ihlola izihloko zenkumbulo, ukulahlekelwa, nokuvuseka. [Heaney] wanikezwa uMklomosa waseMelika ngo 1995, ngenxa yengxenye yakhe engabonakali "kwethule yimfanelo] ebonakala njenge-Irriterna ephakathi kwe-interna.[FLD.[FL:3] [200] [iversed )] (200])]) ngokuthula i-expporaccu

Paul Muldon: Ubudlova Nenzondo

Paul Muldon (b. 1951), owasebenza njengomhleli wezinkondlo we- i-New Yorker , wathatha indlela eyindida nethanda kakhulu yokudlala ngemva kwe-confct Northern Ireland. Iqoqo lakhe [[FL:2] uMay Sand neHauthl[FLT] [2002] wazuza umklomelo wePult, wahlanganisa nezinkondlo ezisholoza ukuxoxisana komuntu siqu ngokuthula okungalawuleki. Umsebenzi kaMuld’s uvala iziphetho ezilula, uveza amaphicizeko omphakathi ahlala ehlukene ngezindlela eziningi.

Abalobi Besikhathi Esizayo: Abangaqiniseki Ngethemba Nenkumbulo

  • Lucky Caldwell - Inoveli yakhe Ikhodi Lomhlangano [ (2011]) lilandisa indaba yombhangqwana osemusha obambeka phakathi komphakathi wawo obambelele entweni ehlukile kanye nesifiso sokuthola ukuphila okusha kwelinye izwe, lithatha ukungezwani phakathi kwesiko noshintsho.
  • UBernard MacLaverty – Iqhezu le-microneter (2017) ihlola umbhangqwana onezimo ezinde ovela eNyakatho Ireland ubhekana nomlando wawo e-Amsterdam, usebenzisa ibanga ukuze ucabange ngezinkathazo nangokuthula okulandelayo.
  • Moyra Donaldson - Imbongi evame ukubhala ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwabesifazane kokulwa nokululama, iqoqo layo Snakekkin Stittos (2015)] Amakheli okubuyisana komuntu siqu nokwezombangazwe.
  • uDavid Park - Incwadi yakhe yezindaba UKhomishane Weqiniso [2008] uwukuhlolwa okunamandla kwekhomishane yeqiniso lezentengiselwano, ukuhlola ukuthi abantu nemiphakathi ingabhekana kanjani nomlando ngaphandle kokubhujiswa yiwo.

Laba babhali babonisa ukuthi izincwadi zangemva kokuvumelana azibanjwanga ngendlela eyodwa. Zingaba i-elegiac, ithemba, i-sceptical, noma ukubheka phambili, kodwa umsebenzi ohlanganyelweyo ukuzwa ukuthi umphakathi uphuma kanjani ekucindezelekeni ngaphandle kokukhohlwa ukuthi ukhuthazeleleni.

Imisebenzi Yobuciko Ebonakalayo: Kusuka Emigudwini Kuya Ezindaweni Ezinhle

Ubuciko bokubona eNyakatho Ireland bashintsha kakhulu ngemva kuka - 1998. ubuciko bomphakathi baba indlela yokushintsha indawo, kuyilapho imibukiso yezindawo yathuthukisa umqondo wokubuyisana ngokuyinkimbinkimbi okwandayo.

Ukuziphendukela Kwemidanti Yezombangazwe

Sekuyisikhathi eside imidanso iyisici sezindawo zasemadolobheni ase-Northern Ireland, kodwa lokho abakuqukethe kwashintsha ngokuphawulekayo ngemva kwesivumelwano se-Good Wesihlanu. Ezindaweni ze-republic yaseBelfast, izithombe zezisebenzi zokuzithandela ezihlomile zathathelwa indawo ngezithombe zenqubo yokuthula(i-dove, izingane, nezokuqala abaholi base-IRA abaqhaqhathelana nezazi zezombangazwe. Imibono yokwethembeka yaqala futhi, nakuba ithatha kancane kancane kakhulu, kanye nezinye izifanekiselo ze-Unistism ezihambisana nemiyalezo yokuzidlalisa umphakathi kunokuba nochuku.

EDerry, i-Free Derry Corner [1] kanye uphawu lokumelana nesizwe ("manje] olukhona kanye ne-“Folders of People,” uchungechunge lwemidwebo egubha izinhlobonhlobo zamasiko nendima yabesifazane abahamba ngokuthula. Ingcweti Jackie McKinney [ yavela njengesithombe esiyinhloko kulolushintsho, ukudweba imidwebo ekhuthaza ubunye nengxoxo. Umsebenzi wakhe “eNdongeni lokuthula” eNtshonalanga yeBelfast uqashelwa kakhulu njengophawu lobuciko bomphakathi beposi.

Ubuciko Beziqu Nezobuciko Banamuhla

I - Ulster Museum yaphinde yavulwa ngo - 2009 ngemva kokulungisa isakhiwo esikhulu esasihlanganisa i-gallery eMbangweni, esasiklanyelwe ukuveza imibono eminingi ngale mpi. I - MAC (Metropolitan Arts Centre) eBelfast, yavulwa ngo - 2012, yaba isikhungo sobuciko bokubuka, ukwenza izinto nokuhlangana komphakathi kwamanje.

Ingcweti ezinjenge I-Willie Doherty kanye i-RITA Duffy ithole ukuqashelwa kwemisebenzi ye-adiresi yenkumbulo, indawo, nesaziso. I-winet’s video ivame ukuhlola indawo yeposi, kuyilapho umsebenzi we-Duffy, kuhlanganise noSige ye-Derry ka-DRIT], uchungechunge lwe-Criques, uhlahlolo olungokomlando kanye nezindlela ezithile zesikhathi esizayo.

Imidwebo Yasobala Nezikhumbuzo

Amagugu amiswe ngemva kuka-1998 avame ukugcizelela ukuba khona ngokufa ngokufela ukholo. i-“Beacon of Hope” imifanekiso ka-Andy Scott, efakwe eBelfast ngo- 2007, i-19mitha ubude futhi inetshe elibonisa owesifazane ophethe indandatho yokukhanya −a yokukhanya. EDerry, i-“ Isithombe esingu-Akwaphucukwayo” sihlala singenye yezimpawu ezithwetshuliweyo kakhulu edolobheni, simelela ithemba lokuthi i-Ever Revention i-movel.

I - statre Nendlela Yokusebenza: Ukulandisa Izindaba Ezintsha

ITheatre iye yaba ithuluzi elinamandla kakhulu lokuthuthukisa impucuko yase-Irish eNyakatho. Abadlalayo bahamba kakhulu ngaphandle kwezinkinga ukuze bahlole izinkinga zomphakathi ezishintshayo: ukuba yilungu, ukufuduka, ubulili, nezinselele zokuhlangana.

ULisa Mcgee Nesizukulwane Esisha

[[FLT: 0] Lisa McGLT[FFLT:1] (b. 1981) lingenye yabadlali bemidlalo bemidlalo basenyakatho nenyakatho nenyakatho neyayo. Umsebenzi wakhe wakuqala, njengo Girss noDolls[[ [2006] [ukucindezela kwentsha kobulili nomphakathi, kuyilapho i - fishylove [[FLT:]] IMidlalo [[FLT:] [2010]] Ifa lika [2010] lihlola ifa lengxabano esizukulwane esisha. McGeee ukudala uchungechunge lwethelevishini [FLT:] [FLT] [5] [5] [20]

Abanye abadlala isihluthulelo

  • Owen McCafferty - umdlalo wakhe Jojo Mickybo[[3] futhi kamuva usebenza njenge [ Igumbi lokulinda [[[FLT:] [2010] uhlola ubuhlobo, ubudoda, nezibazi zezingxabano.
  • Greg – umdlalo wakhe SHIBOLEth (20) uhlola ukucindezela kokwethembeka okuhlukene phakathi entombazaneni yesikole, usebenzisa isifaniso solimi ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi ikhona kanye ne-exe.
  • Abigail Mc - - owaziwa ngemisebenzi yesenzo ehlanganisa ukuhlanganisa izindaba zabantu abathinteka yizinkinga, njenge Abesifazane bezinkinga[ [2029]).

ITheatre eNyakatho Ireland namuhla ayinamahloni okusingatha izindaba ezinzima. Imikhiqizo ivame ukuxoxa ngezihloko zokudilizwa kwebutho lezempi, ukululama kweqiniso, nefa lokusetshenziswa kabi kwamalungelo abantu, okubonisa ukuthi ubuciko bungasebenza njengendawo yokuxoxa okungaxazululwanga.

Ibhayisikobho Nethelevishini: Ukufinyelela Embulungeni Yonke

Abenzi bezithombe zebhayisikobho bamazwe ngamazwe bakhangwa ukuthula okwahlukaniswa phakathi kwezindawo, kuyilapho amakhono endawo athola amathuba amasha okulandisa izindaba ngendlela umuntu ongaphakathi ayecabanga ngayo.

Amabhayisikobho Ayinhloko Nochungechunge

  • ISonto elibotshelekayo (2002) – Iqondiswe nguPaul Greengrass, ledrama yaphinde yahlola isenzakalo esibalulekile sezinkathazo esigxile emiphumeleni yezombangazwe kanye nokuphoqelela ubulungisa.
  • Umoya Ophehlayo (202) – Isethi ehlola indima yomculo enqubweni yokuthula, eqokomisa amakwaya nabadlali bemicu.
  • I Fall (203-2016) – Idrama yobugebengu ebekwe eBelfast ehlola imiphumela engokwengqondo yobudlova edolobheni langemva komthetho.
  • IGrists (208-2022) − Njengoba kushiwo, loluchungechunge lusebenzisa idolo ukuze lulungise okuhlangenwe nakho kokukhula phakathi nezinkinga, lube uphawu lwembulunga yonke nophawu lokuthemba kwempucuko yasenyakatho-Ireland.
  • Izikhombo ze-County Hell [2020] – Indawana esabekayo esebenzisa izinganekwane zase-Northern Ireland ukulandisa ngomkhaya nefa, ebonisa indlela isiko lendawo elingabukiswa ngayo esikhathini sokuthula.

Lemisebenzi izuza endaweni eqinile kakhulu yokuthwebula amafilimu, ukuxhasa ngemali evela ezinhlanganweni ezinjenge-Northern Ireland Screen, kanye nokulangazelela kwembulunga yonke izindaba ezithembekile zase-Irish. Impumelelo yama-Derry Girs[[FLT: 1] kuphela iye yabeka uDerry ebalazweni njengesikhungo sokudala, nezindlela zezivakashi ezinikezelwe ezindaweni zayo zokuthwebula amafilimu.

Indima Yezobuciko Ekusekeleni Ukuthula

Ngalé kwemisebenzi ngayinye, i-Good Wear Agreement yamisa ubuciko njengemoto yokwakha ukuthula. I-Northern Ireland Arts Council yamisa izinhlelo ezinjenge- “Treace and Reconciliation Programme” (1998-2006) exhaswe yiNhlangano yezizwe zonke ye-International Fund ye-Ireland ne-European Union. Lezi zinyathelo zasekela imisebenzi yobuciko ehlanganisa amaqembu ahlukene, izimboni, kanye nezikhungo zokuhlala ezahlanganisa abadwebi bezizinda zamaKatolika namaProthestani.

Izinhlangano zobuciko zomphakathi njenge IBelfast I-Protography [i- ne-[FLT]] i-Verbal Arts Centre[ [i-literature] idlale indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ingxoxo. [[FLT:] [FLT]] i-East Belfast Community Agement Agency [[[FLL:5] isebenzisa ubuciko be-meopentriat] ukuvala indawo yomphakathi yemiyalezo eyakhayo. Ngalesosikhathi, Housery [[FL:7] isikhungo sokuthuthukisa ukuthula nedrama kwezemfundo iminyaka engu-30.

Isigqi sokuqamba sisetshenziswa futhi ekubuyisaneni. Izinyathelo ezifana ne-Jukebox eBelfast zivumela amalungu omphakathi ukuba alalele izinkondlo eziseqeshini zezihloko, kuhlanganise nokuthula. Izenzakalo zaminyaka yonke zeNcwadi uMkhosi ne [FLT] FYM] Foyle Literary's Festival[

Isiphetho: Ifa Lethemba Eliyinhlanganisela Nemiqondo

Iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili ngemva kwe-Good Wear Agreement, ubuciko nezincwadi zase-Northern Ireland kuyaqhubeka kushintsha. Igagasi lokuqala lekhono lokusungula okuphefumlelwe ngokuthula liye lathathelwa indawo ukuhlolwa okujulile, okunokuqonda okukhulu kokuchaza, inkumbulo, kanye nesifiso. Izazi nabalobi abazizwa bebophekile ukumelela umphakathi wabo njengezisulu noma izilwi; bangazama, baphikise, futhi baphuphe.

Ifa lesivumelwano alifani. Eminye imiphakathi ihlala ihlukene kakhulu, futhi izinhlangano zezombangazwe eyazidala ziye zabhekana nezinhlekelele eziphindaphindiwe. Kodwa isizinda sempucuko siye sabonisa ukuqina okuphawulekayo. Ama-moral aseBelfast manje ahlanganyela indawo ne-edgege relapry esikayo; izinkondlo zeSeamus Heaney zihlala eduze kwalokho okuphumayo njengamazwi afana Benson kanye no-OCT] O’S O’S End[FLLT]; futhi iqopha iveza kokubili idrama futhi imidlalo enzima yokwenza ukuthula.

Ekugcineni, i-Good Wear Agreement yanikeza abadwebi bezithombe base-Ireland imvume yokucabanga ngekusasa elihlukile. Leso mvume iye yasetshenziselwa ukwenza ezinye zemisebenzi eshukumisa kakhulu ezweni elikhuluma isiNgisi, (imisebenzi esikhumbuza ukuthi ukubuyisana akuyona indawo okuya kuyo kodwa inqubo eqhubekayo yokusungula izinto.

[[Umthetho:0] Ukuze ufundwe ngokuqhubekayo:[[Umthetho:1]