Ukuqonda Umshini Wethonya

Ukuqulwa kwamacala ezindawo ze-Congress kuklanyelwe ukuba kube yindawo yomphakathi lapho abamisi-mthetho beqoqa khona ukwaziswa, ofakazi ababuzayo, futhi bephikisana ngenzuzo yomthetho ohlongozwayo. Kodwa lenqubo ilolonga kakhulu abazamukelayo namaqembu akhethekile asebenza kokubili ngaphandle nangemva. Ukuze uqonde ukujula kwaleli thonya, kudingekile ukuhlola hhayi nje kuphela ukuthi laba bakhangisi bangobani kodwa nendlela abazifaka ngayo enqubweni yokuzwa, kusukela ekukhetheni kobufakazi kuya ekuqongweni kokugcina kwezinhlamvu zemali.

Izisebenzi zemali zikhokhelwa ngochwepheshe − ngokuvamile abakhona amalungu eKhomishane, izisebenzi, noma ochwepheshe bezimboni — abamelela izinkampani, izinhlangano zezohwebo, izinhlangano ezingazuzisi, noma ohulumeni bangaphandle. Basebenzisa ubudlelwane, iminikelo yomkhankaso, kanye nolwazi oluningi lwezimiso ukuze basekele imiphumela ethile. Amaqembu ezithakazelo ezikhethekile anezici ezihlangene ezihlangene kakhulu eziqoqa imithombo yemali futhi axhumanise imizamo yokubambisana, njengamalungelo ehlukene, isivikelo sezezendawo ezungezile, noma intela. Zonke, zakha izakhiwo zemvelo ezifaka imali eningi kakhulu ekuthonyeni igatsha le-Giviantrogian, ngokusebenzisa imali engaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-R3, ngonyaka ngokwezinga likahulumeni [[FLD:][FLD][FK:[5][5][5][5][5][FLT][5][5][5] Imithetho yezentengo

Ithonya labo ezindlebeni alikho ngengozi. Kuwumphumela wamasu ahloselwe ukulawula ukugeleza kokwaziswa, ukuma kofakazi, futhi ahlanganise impikiswano ngezindlela ezisiza abathengi babo. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi lokhu kuphumela enqubweni eshaqisayo yomthetho lapho isithakazelo somphakathi ngokuvamile siqala khona ezithakazelweni zabambalwa abathakazelelwa kahle.

Obani Abalingiswa Abayinhloko?

I-Lobbysist namahlelo esithakazelo esikhethekile kuvela ngezindlela eziningi. Ezinye ziqashwa izibhamu ezisebenzela izinkampani ezingenisa abantu futhi zimele abathengi abaningi ezimbonini. Ezinye zisezindlini ezisebenza ngenhlangano eyodwa. Ama-mitapo ezokuhweba anjenge- i-American Petroleum Institute[[ noma [[FLT:] i-National Association[[FLT:] isebenza njengezinhlangano zesambulela ezihlanganisa amazwi amalungu amaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cabanga amaqembu ama-FLT [FLT] [FFLT] [FFF:] noma [FFLT] ngakwesokudla [FFFT:] [5]

Nakuba lamaqembu kudingeka abhalise futhi adalule imisebenzi yokukhuthaza ngaphansi komthetho weLobbing Discim Act ka-1995, ukuphoqelelwa kwemithetho kuvame ukuba buthakathaka, futhi izikhala zemvume zivumela umsebenzi obalulekile ukuba ungabikwa. [FLT]] NPR [[FLT]] [] ibhale indlela umnyango ojikelezayo phakathi kweSishaya-Procerssons ne K Street oqinisekisa ngayo ukuthi abasunguli bemithetho nezisebenzi baletha ulwazi nezimiso ezisemfazameni ezweni elingenisayo, ngokuqhubekayo ithonya layo.

Imishini Yethonya Le - lobbystrist Ezindlebeni

Ithonya ezindlebeni alizenzakaleli. Liklanywe ngendlela ehlelekile ngezinqubo eziningana eziyinhloko. Ukuqonda lezi zinqubo kwembula ukuthi kungani ngisho nezindlebe ezigcinwe kahle kakhulu zingaba izimoto ezikhanga ngokukhethekile.

Ukukhethwa Kofakazi Nokulungiselela

Izihlalo zamakomiti namalungu aphezulu anendlela ephawulekayo yokuqondisa ukuthi obani ababizwa ngayo ofakazi. Izisebenzi zezentengiselwano namaqembu enzalo ngokuvamile zisikisela ngokuqondile ofakazi kubenzi bomthetho abanobungane. Ezimweni eziningi, ofakazi ngokwabo bangabameleli, ababeba abaqondisi, noma abaphathi bezemboni abavumelana nezinhlelo zekhasimende. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuzwa ngenqubo yesimo sezulu kungase kubonise usosayensi oxhaswe izithakazelo zamafutha atholakala emgodini, kuyilapho ukuzwa kwezezokwelapha kungase kuhlanganise nowayenezokwelapha imboni manje othintana nemboni.

Ngaphandle kokukhetha, abafuni bemiyalo bavame ukukhuthaza ofakazi ngendlela yokufakaza ngo-(iluphi ulimi okumelwe lusetshenziswe, iluphi ulwazi olumelwe lugcizelelwe, nendlela yokugwema imibuzo enzima. Lokhu kulungiselela kungahlanganisa ukubukeza imigqa engenzeka yokubuza amalungu amakomiti aphikisayo nokulungisa okungawavumeli ukuba axoxe ngamaqiniso anzima. Umphumela uwukusebenza okunzima okufana nedrama yasenkantolo kunokuba umsebenzi oqotho wokuthola.

Ukushayisa Ubufakazi Obulotshiwe Nemininingwane

Ubufakazi obubhaliwe obunikezwa ngaphambi naphakathi kokuqulwa kwecala buyithuluzi elinamandla. Abaholi bezincwadi badweba izitatimende ezinemininingwane ekhethwe ngokukhethayo kanye nokuncitshiswa kwemiphumela engokomnotho okusekela izikhundla zabo. Njengoba izisebenzi zekomiti zivame ukuthembela kulokhu bufakazi ukuze zilungise imibuzo, ukwaziswa okunikeziwe kungamisa imibandela yempikiswano. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi nokuzwa ngezinguquko zezezimali ezishicilelwe eDodd F, abagcini bamabhange baveza imifanekiso ebonisa ukuthi imithetho eqinile iyakubhubhisa izigidi zemisebenzi (izibonelo) kamuva ezabonakala ziyihaba kakhulu.

Abahlaziyi abazimele e- Ihhovisi lobukhomba-cala baye baqaphela ukuthi imininingwane eminingi esekelayo enikezwa amaqembu enzalo ayinawo umnciphiso wontanga futhi ivame ukusekelwa ezimisweni ze-propritimetics. Kodwa ngenxa yemisebe elinganiselwe, izisebenzi zekomiti zingayamukela lemigomo ephambi kwenani, ikakhulukazi uma zivumelana nezinhloso zeqembu elikhulu lezezombangazwe.

Umnyango Ojikelezayo Phakathi Komshicileli Nokubopha

Olunye uhlobo lwethonya olunamandla kakhulu kodwa olungabonakali kakhulu yizintambo ezijikelezayo. Abasebenzi be-commiliania abalungisa imibuzo, abahlanganisa izifushaniso zokuzwa, futhi beluleka amalungu ngokuvamile bashiya izihambele ukuba babe abangenisi. Baphethe ulwazi olujulile lwenqubo yomthetho, ubuhlobo bomuntu siqu nozakwabo bangaphambili, kanye nokuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izixhakazo zokudonsa. Ukutadisha okungu 2022 okwenziwa [u- Brenan Center yeJaji [[ kwathola ukuthi cishe ingxenye yamalungu angaphambili endlu nesithathu e-seya emsebenzini noma embusweni kahulumeni.

Lokhu kugeleza kusebenza zombili izindlela. I-Lobbysts ivame ukujoyina izisebenzi zekomiti ezisebenza ezindima zesikhashana, ziletha imibono eyimfihlo kodwa futhi izingxabano ezingase zibe khona zesithakazelo. Nakuba imithetho yokuziphatha idinga ukuphola ngenkathi ethile cishe unyaka owodwa noma emibili phakathi kokushiya uKhongolo-kanye nokwenza abantu abasebenza nabo babe nomthetho obalulekile. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuvinjelwa akusebenzi ekuqhubeni igatsha eliphethe, futhi kungagwenywa ngokusebenzela inkampani esebenzelayo engagunyazi ngokushesha.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo: Indlela Isithakazelo Esikhethekile Esiye Sashintsha Ngayo Izindlebe Eziqondile

Nokho, izingxoxo ezingokwesayensi zethonya lokuthonya zingabonakala ziyinto engekho. Izibonelo ezibonisa indlela ukuzwa kwangempela kwezwe okuye kwasetshenziswa ngayo ukuze kuthandwe izithakazelo ezilinganiselwe ngaphezu kwenhlalakahle yomphakathi.

Izindlebe Zemithi Eyingozi

Ngo-2019, i-House Oversement Committee yalalela kakhulu ngokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, ibiza izikhulu zezinkampani ezinkulu zemithi. Intukuthelo yomphakathi ngenxa yezindleko ezinyukayo ze-insulin neminye imithi esindisa ukuphila yayiphakeme kakhulu. Kodwa ithonya lokuzwa labuthwa yithonya lezemboni. Ngaphambi kokuzwa, izinkampani zezidakamizwa ezichitha isikhathi esiningi zizama ukuzama ukudlulisa iziqu zamandla azo ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthi ukulandisa kwahlala kucwaningwe futhi kukhuphulwe izindleko kunokukhokha intengo. OFakazi ababengabazangabazanga ngezindleko eziphakeme zezidakamizwa babengakhishwa ebhodini, futhi amalungu ekomitini aphezulu asebenzisa isikhathi sawo ukubuza ofakazi “entsha” esikhundleni sokuzikhokhela imali.

Umbiko we [[FLT] News wembula ukuthi njengoba ukuzwa kusondela, imboni yagcwalisa uCapitol Hill ngeminikelo yomkhankaso kumalungu womabili, ikakhulukazi lawo asekomitini ayinhloko. Ukuzwa kwaveza ushintsho oluncane oluncane, futhi amanani ezidakamizwa aqhubeka ukunyuka. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi lendlela iphinda njalo lapho kuzwakala inqubo yezidakamizwa, ngokuphumelelayo ifaka noma imuphi umfutho wenguquko wangempela.

Ukuzilungisa Kwezimali Ngemva Kwenkinga Ka - 2008

Ngemva kwenkinga yezimali ka-2008, uMkhandlu wathatha izikhangiso eziningi ukuze uhlole izimbangela nokuqondisa. UMthetho we-Dodd-Frank waba umphumela, kodwa isimo sawo sokugcina sasinciphile kakhulu kunezicelo zakudala. Abaphangi baseWall Street bahlela umkhankaso omkhulu wokuqeda izinhlelo eziyinhloko. Bafaka ubufakazi ngokuzwa ukuthi imithetho ne-Volcker Umthetho uzokuqeda ukudayisa amakethe futhi uphoqelele imisebenzi phesheya.

Izihlalo zamakomiti ezazivumela ukuqondiswa okunamandla zazizithola zikhushuliwe yi-bolitz ehlangene ehlanganisa hhayi nje ukudlulisa izinyawo kodwa nemikhankaso yotshani (ukuthungatha) ehlelwe amaqembu ezohwebo. Izihlalo zebhange ezichithwe ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-R3,000-2010 kuphela, ngokwe-[FLT][1] Isingcingo sokuhamba . [[FLT]] [FLT]] [[FLT]] [3]. Ekupheleni, amalungiselelo amaningi anzima akhishwa ngaphandle noma ancishiswa. Ingozi yokuziphatha eyabalelwa enhlekeleleni enhlekeleleni enhlekeleleni yamuva, njengoba imijikelezo yezemali iye yabonisa.

Izindlebe Zendawo Ezungezile Nomthetho Wesimo Sezulu

Endaweni yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, izindlebe ziye zaba izindawo zempi lapho ososayensi abanezimboni bebekela khona impikiswano ukuvumelana kwezindikimba ezinkulu zesayensi. Imboni yamandla kaphethiloli yemivubukulo sekuyisikhathi eside isebenzisa icebo lokungabaza ukusungula. Lokhu kwabonakala ekulaleleni i-Cec Power Plan futhi kamuva i-Gree New Deal. Abaholi bezentengiselwano bamabhizinisi baletha ofakazi abathi balulaza ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu noma baphikisa ngokuthi izindleko zezomnotho ziphakeme kakhulu, naphezu kobufakazi obuqand ’ ikhanda bokuphikisana nalokhu.

Isibonelo esiphawulekayo senzeka ngo-2015, lapho iSigele seMbiko ne-Public Works Committee siphethe isaziso esinesihloko esithi “Isisekelo Seqiniso Secebo Lezentengiselwano.” Ofakazi abaningi babehlangene namaqembu ayethole izimali ezivela ezinkampanini zamalahle nowoyela. Isihlalo sekomiti, esasithole iminikelo emikhulu evela ezinkampanini zamandla, sasebenzisa icebo lakhe ukuze sinciphise ubufakazi bososayensi besimo sezulu futhi siqondise ukuzwa ezindabeni zezindleko zezindleko negunya elingokomthetho. Umphumela waba yindaba eyanikeza umphakathi umbono owenziwe ngomthetho wesivumelwano sesayensi.

Ukwenyuka Kokwethenjwa Umphakathi

Uma ukuzwa kwewashi lomphakathi kubekwa kusengaphambili futhi kuqonda ukuthi imiphumela ixhomeke ezithakazelweni ezikhethekile, ukuthembela ezinhlanganweni zentando yeningi kuyawohloka. Ukubhebhetheka ku- Ukucwaninga [ njalo kubonisa ukuthi cishe izingxenye ezintathu zama-ikota ezintathu zamaMelika zikholelwa ukuthi abasekeli bemizwa futhi izithakazelo ezikhethekile zinethonya elikhulu eWashington. Lombono awusekelwe ``isisekelo esisekelwe ezindleleni ezibonakalayo zokuziphatha.

Izindlebe ezibhekwa njengeziqinile noma eziwubuhlanya. Amavoter aqala ukukholelwa ukuthi abameleli bawo abawalaleli kodwa kumphathi omkhulu kakhulu. Lokhu kugxeka kunengxenye ekuthobeni i-voti, kuncishiswe ukuzimisela ukuhileleka ekuphileni komphakathi, kanye nesifiso esikhulayo sabamelene nomthetho abathembisa “ukungena exhaphozini.” Kuyahlekisa ukuthi abanye balabo abazobhapathizwa, abake bakhethwa, baba yingxenye yethonya elifanayo, kuphakamisa imibuzo eqhubekayo yokuthi ushintsho olunenjongo lungenzeka yini.

Ithonya likhulu kakhulu ezindabeni lapho umphakathi unamamibono eqinile, njengokunakekela impilo, ukushaya izibhamu, nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Uma ukuzwa kuhluleka ukuveza isenzo, ukuvumelana phakathi kombono womphakathi nemiphumela yemithetho ye-province kuba sobala. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuphenya kuye kwabonisa ukusekela okukhulu komphakathi imithetho yezibhamu eqinile ngemva kokudubula okukhulu, kodwa ukuzwana kwengqungquthela evame ukuphumela ekuxabaniseni futhi kungakhi umthetho (ay) oveza ukuthi abaningi basekela amandla agunyaza i-National Rifle Association namanye amaqembu amalungelo ezikhali.

Imizamo Yenguquko Nokulinganiselwa Kwayo

Beqaphela lenkinga, abashisekeli bezinguquko baye bahlongoza izinyathelo eziningana ezihloselwe ukunqanda ithonya elingadingekile ekuqulweni kwezindlebe zomphakathi. Abanye baye basetshenziswa, kodwa ukuphumelela kwabo kuhlala kulinganiselwe ngenxa yokuphoqelelwa kwemithetho nokugwema ukusungula izinto.

Izimfuneko Zomshuwalense Ezikhuliswe Kakhudlwana

ILobbing Discissing Dislosure Act ka-1995, kanye nezinguquko zango-2007 ngaphansi kwe-Honen Leadership and Open Government Act, ifuna abangenisi ukuba babhalise, babhale imibiko, bathulule imibiko, futhi badalule amakhasimende abo, izindleko, kanye nezimpikiswano ezithile abafuna ukuzithola. Le mithetho futhi igunyaza ukuvezwa kweminikelo eqoqwe abashicileli.

Nokho, ukuhlaziywa kwamashumi amabili nanye ngo- . I-Sunight Foundation yathola ukuthi amazinga okulalela aphansi. Abangenisi abaningi abahluleka ukuhlanganisa noma ukushiya imininingwane, futhi uhlelo lokusebenza kwezezimali zoMnyango woMahluleli luncane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, incazelo yokuthola ithonya elincane ngokwaneleyo kangangokuba imisebenzi eminingi inethonya elilingana nenkomqashozeli we-"ekhompathi ngaphandle kokucela isenzo esithile sokubhalisa isibhalisa esithile. Lokhu kwenza imboni enkulu yokuqinisekisa isithunzi esebenza ngaphandle kokuhlola obala.

Ukulinganiselwa Kwemali Emkhankasweni Nokusetshenziswa Komphakathi

Ukuhlobana phakathi kweminikelo yomkhankaso nokuvunyelwa kwezindlebe kufakazelwe kahle. Amalungu eSishaya-Mkhandlu mathupha kakhulu ukunikeza izicelo zomhlangano ezivela kwabanikeli nokubiza ofakazi abasikiselwa yibo. Ukuze banqamule lokhu kuhlobana, abasekeli baye baqhubela phambili ukusekela ukusekela umphakathi ngezimali zemikhankaso, njengaleyo efana neyaseNew York City futhi bahlongozwa kuhulumeni nge-Fair Evolutions Now Act.

Abaphikisi baphikisa ngokuthi ukuxhasa ngokwezimali kuwumngcele ongekho emthethweni wenkulumo noma ukuthi kuchitha imali ekhokhayo. Ngisho nalapho kukhona khona ukukhokha intela, akuliqedi ithonya lokusebenzisa ngaphandle ngama-PAC amakhulu namaqembu amnyama emali, angasenezelelwa ngofakazi abasekelayo nangamazwi. Izinqumo zeNkantolo Ephakeme [ku- . Citizens United[ kanye [FLT] ne MCCcheon okungaphinde kuthiwe ukuba nekhono lomthetho womthetho linciphe amandla okulawula ukusetshenziswa komkhankaso, ukwenza inguquko enengqondo ezingeni elinzima kakhulu.

Izikhathi Zokomisa Nezimiso Ezibalulekile

Ukuze kusheshiswe umnyango ojikelezayo, uMthetho ka-Honeing Leadership and Open Government ka-2007 wabeka isikhathi sokuphola seminyaka emibili kwababekhona abaqasheli bendlu kanye nonyaka owodwa kwalabo ababengamalungu ayo ngaphambi kokuba bangenele abantu ababesebenza nabo. Nokho, umthetho awubavimbi ekujoyineni nezinkampani ezinxusayo njenge “abasekeli bempi” abangabhaliswanga ngokusemthethweni, futhi awubavimbi ekufuneni igatsha eliphethe ihhovisi. Ukugunyazwa kwezindlu nezimiso zemithetho yemithetho kuye kwaba yizethuntuthu, futhi amacala ambalwa aye aphumela ekujezelweni.

Abanye abasekeli benguquko baye bacela ukuba ukuphila konke kuvinjelwe ukunxenxwa yilabo ababengamalungu eSishaya - mthetho, kodwa lokhu kubhekene nezinselele zomthetho-sisekelo. Abanye basikisela ukuba kwandiswe isikhathi sokuphola ukuze kuhlanganiswe izisebenzi eziphakeme futhi kusetshenziswe ekukhuthazeni noma iliphi igatsha likahulumeni. Kuze kube manje, izinyathelo ezinjalo ziye zagcinwa eMkhandlwini ngokwawo oncike kakhulu emvelweni ekhuthaza ukuguquka kwemvelo.

Izimpande Eziyinhloko Zicindezela Namathuluzi Okubonisana

Amaqembu angaphandle nezintatheli ziye zazama ukuveza ukukhanya okwengeziwe emaqenjini azo ngokwazo. Izinhlangano ezifana ne Thunga ukukhanya Foundation kanye ne-Proublica[ i-Proctlica [[[FLT]]] izizinda zobufakazi, iminikelo, kanye nokuxhumana kwamaqenjini enzakalo. [[FLT:] Indlu yeKomprrk[[FLT][FL:] igcina isisekelo sokubhalisa, nakuba ingesona isibalo sezisebenzi ezisebenzisa amathuluzi asebenza njenge . [FLT] [FLT] [FLT] [FL:] noma [FT]]

Kodwa naphezu kwalamathuluzi, umphakathi uhlala umnyama kakhulu ngenqubo yokuxoxisana eyenzekayo ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukuzwa. Imihlangano evalwe ngaphakathi, ukudla okungahleliwe, nezingxoxo zomuntu siqu phakathi kwamalungu ekomiti nabangenisi be-arhente akuvamile ukubhalwa noma ukuvezwa. Ukubonakala kwangempela kungadinga ushintsho lwezakhiwo endleleni i-Congress esebenza ngayo [1] ushintsho abenzi bomthetho abaningi abalwayo ngoba isimiso samanje sisebenza kubo.

Ikusasa Lokuvaleka Kwezindlebe Zomphakathi

Ithonya labagqugquzeli bezindlebe aligwemeki, kodwa ukulishintsha kuyodinga ukucindezela okuqhubekayo kokubili kubavoti nabashisekeli benguquko.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukunyuka kokukhangisa ngemishini nezokuxhumana kuye kwanikeza amaqoqo amasha ezindlela zokuthuthukisa isithakazelo somphakathi ngaphambi kokuba kuqalwe ngisho nokuqulwa kwecala. Umkhankaso ophambili ungachaza indlela indaba ehlanganiswa ngayo emaphephandabeni, ubeke abenzi bomthetho ekuvikeleni. Ukuthambekela okuqhubekayo kweNkantolo yokuchaza izimali zezentengiselwano njengendaba yobuchwepheshe yesihle kwenza ukuba imali iqhubeke ingena emizamweni ethonyayo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amathuluzi afanayo emishini anika izakhamuzi amandla okuhlela. Ukwanda kwezindlebe eziphilayo ezinameva kanye nokukhulumela kwezezezokuxhumana kusho ukuthi yonke imibuzo, yonke inkulumo yofakazi, futhi yonke impendulo engabonakali ibhaliwe futhi ingacaciswa. Amaqembu anezinqumo zeqiniso angashesha ukusho okushiwo phakathi nokuzwa futhi agcine abenzi bomthetho benolandisa ngokusakaza intengo. [octupy Wall Street [[FLT:]] ne Isigaba seQUT [[FLT]] ], ngezindlela ezihlukene kakhulu, kuboniswa ukuthi ukucindezela kwangaphandle kungaguqula izinkulumo zenkulumo yenkulumo.

Ezinye izinguquko ezingokweziqu ziyanda. Ngokwesibonelo, inani elandayo labenzi bomthetho liye lathembisa ukungathathi imali ezimbonini ezithile noma ukuba ne “izindlebe zabantu” ezihlanganisa uchungechunge olubanzi lofakazi. IKomiti Yokukhetha i-Modertiation of Congress iye yacabangela izinhlelo zokukhetha abaqondisi bezindiza zokufakaza komphakathi nokubekwa kwezimiso eziqinile. Ukuthi lemizamo izokhula yini ibe ushintsho lwezimiso ezisemthethweni ihlala ingaqiniseki.

Lokho Izakhamuzi Ezingakwenza

Nakuba izakhamuzi zingakwazi ukuchitha ithuluzi lokudlulisa isikhala esisodwa, ukuthatha isinyathelo ngolwazi kungabangela ukucindezela kokushintsha. Ukubhalela izihlalo zamakomiti, ukuzwa noma ukuzibuka kuyi-intanethi, nokusekela izinhlangano ezinxusa umsebenzi wokulanda ngenkani. Ithuluzi elinamandla kakhulu, nokho, ukuvota. Abenzi bomthetho ababhekene nenselele eyinhloko noma abamelene nokhetho endabeni yokonakala nethonya elikhethekile basengozini enkulu yokusekela inguquko.

Ekugcineni, umbuzo awukhona ukuthi abafuni bethonya bathonywe yini, kodwa ukuthi lelo thonya liyabonakala yini, linesibopho sokulandisa, futhi lilinganiswa isithakazelo somphakathi. Ukuzwa kwe-Congression kungayisisekelo sokuzicabangela kwentando yeningi, noma kungaba yisiteshi sokwenza umsebenzi. Ukukhetha, kancane kancane futhi ngokungenangqondo, kuxhomeke kubantu baseMelika.