Ukuzwa kwemithetho yezengqondo kuphakathi kwamathuluzi anamandla kakhulu ebhokisini lamathuluzi kahulumeni kahulumeni wombuso wokulungisa, ukuxhasa, nokuqondisa impilo yengqondo. Le zinhlelo zomthetho zinikeza indawo lapho abamisimthetho, ochwepheshe, izikhulu zezinhlangano, nabasekeli behlangana ndawonye ukuze bahlole isimo sesimiso sempilo yengqondo yesizwe, baphawule izikhala ezibucayi, futhi bahlobise izixa. Nakuba ukuzwa ngokwako kungakhi umthetho, ithonya labo lesimiso sokuhlela imali, ukuhlelwa kwemali, nokuqashelwa umphakathi kukhulu lokuqala kwemithetho yempilo yengqondo yesizwe phakathi nekhulu lama-20 kuya ekusabeleni okuqhubekayo kwenkinga yengqondo yentsha, ukuzwa kwezindlebe kuye kwabonakala ngokuphindaphindiwe kuyizimonyo yokuguqula izinhlangano ezithinta izigidi zabantu.

Indima Yezindlebe Zomphakathi Ekuhleleni Isimiso Sempilo Yengqondo

Ukuqulwa kwamacala ezindlebe kufeza imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile emongweni wezinyathelo zempilo yengqondo kahulumeni. Emkhandlwini, kuyizinhlelo eziphenyayo ezivumela amalungu oMkhandlu ukuba aqoqe ubufakazi, ofakazi ababuzayo, futhi ahlole ukuphumelela kwezinhlelo ezikhona. Izindlebe zinikeza futhi isikhululo somphakathi sokuphakamisa izindaba ezingase zihlale zingaphansi kwe-radar yesimiso. Impilo yengqondo, eye yabhekana nonya, ukuzwa kuye kwaba yithuluzi elibucayi lokuveza ukubonakala kwezinkinga zabantu ngabanye nemiphakathi.

Le nqubo iqala lapho ikomiti elawula impilo, imicimbi yokuhlangenwe nakho, imfundo, noma imishado ihlela ukuqulwa kwezindaba ngesihloko esithile esikhethekile. kanye nomqedazwe wokuzibulala, ukukwazi ukufinyelela ukunakekelwa, noma ukulinganisela kwempilo yengqondo. OFakazi bamenywa yizinhlangano zikahulumeni njenge [[FLT: 0]] Ukuxhaphaza nokuphatha kwe-Mental ezempilo (SAMHSA) kanye neNational Institute of Mental Health (NH)[FLT] , kanye nezikhungo zezenteko, izikhundla ezisiza abantu abaxwesiguli, amaqembu amaqembu anezinkonzo zomphakathi. [[FLT] nomthetho omthetho owezomthetho owengamele ukuqondisa ukuhleleka.

Ngaphandle komlando ongokomthetho, ukuzwa kubangela ukudluliswa kwezindaba nenkulumo yasobala. Ukuzwa kungenza umphakathi uqonde ukugula ngengqondo, kunciphise ihlazo, futhi kunciphise izinhlangano ezicindezelayo ukuba zithathe isinyathelo ngokushesha. Ezimweni eziningi, ukumenyezelwa nje kokuqulwa kwecala kungashukumisela izinhlangano zikahulumeni ukuba zimemezele izinyathelo ezintsha noma zikhiphe imininingwane ngaphambi kwesimiso. Ngakho, izindlebe zisebenza kokubili njengemisebenzi yokususa igebengu nezimpawu zezombangazwe.

Umthetho Ogunyaza Ukusetshenziswa Kwemithetho

Umphumela oqinile kakhulu wokuzwana kwemithetho umthetho. Uma ikomiti izwa ubufakazi obunamandla mayelana nokuhluleka kwesimiso sempilo yengqondo ("ingathi isikhathi eside] ukulinda izikhathi zokunakekelwa, ukuphikwa komshuwalense, noma ukuphangwa kobugebengu kwesifo sengqondo", ivame ukuhlela izikweleti ukuze ixazulule lezozinkinga ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, [i-Mantal Health Parity] nokulutheka kwe-Equity Act ka-200 yandulela eminyakeni eminingi yokuzwa kokubili eMnyango wengqondo ne-Statementalgia yaphawula ukumelana nezifo ezifuna ukwelashwa okungoko kuphazamiseka kwemizwa. Izindlebe zanikeza isisekelo esisobala sezentengo yezemboni futhi kwakhiwa i-bisparpan.

Izindlebe zifeza indima eyinhloko futhi ekuqulweni kabusha nasekulungisweni kwemithetho yempilo yengqondo. I-curest Century Act, esayiniwe emthethweni ngo-2016, ihlanganisa nohlelo olubalulekile lwempilo yengqondo, oluhlanganisa nokudalwa konobhala onguMsizi we-Mental Health ne-Substance Ukusebenzisa isikhundla e-SAMHSA kanye nokugunyazwa kwe-Moniystence [[FL:2] u-Community Behavior Health Clinic [CBCBC])[FLT:] umboniso wezehlaka. Lenguquko yabunjwa yimikhathazo yezindlebe eziningi ezahlola ukusungulwa kwezindawo zengqondo, ukuswela, ukungasebenzi, nokuhlangana kwempilo ngezindlela zokunakekela eziyinhloko. Ngokufanayo, ukuzwa kwe-FUTCC: [20] [20]

Enye indawo egxekayo yomthetho ethonywa ukuzwa izindlebe yimpilo engokwengqondo esimisweni somthetho womthetho womthetho. Ukuzwa kuye kwabonisa ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi amajele namajele aseyizinhlangano zezempilo yengqondo ezingekho emthethweni. Ubufakazi obuvela kumthetho ophoqelelwe, abahluleli, kanye nabantu ababevalelwe ngaphambili baye bafaka intela ze-bipartisan njenge jaji Justice ne Mental Health Coltamitation Act[[[FLLT:1]] nezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zokugcinwa kwezindlebe. Ngaphandle kokubekwa phambili kokugcinwa komthetho, lezimpikiswano ngokuvamile ziye zahluleka ukufinyelela phezulu kwe-speactivesme.

Ukulondolozwa Kwemali Nemithombo Yengcebo

Ukuzwa kwe-Congress kubalulekile ekunqumeni ukuthi ingakanani imali uhulumeni kahulumeni oyichitha ezinhlanganweni zempilo yengqondo. Nakuba ukuxoxa kwaminyaka yonke kuhilela izingxoxo eziningi zangaphakathi ezivalekile, ukuzwa kunikeza umphakathi imvume yokuxhasa amazinga emali. Uma abameleli bezempilo yengqondo, abacwaningi, nezikhulu zikahulumeni befakazela ukuthi idinga ukungadingi ngqa − njengokungahlali kwezikhungo zempilo yengqondo zomphakathi, ukuntuleka kwezifo zengqondo zabantwana, noma ukuntuleka kwezinkonzo zezempilo zengqondo zesikole. Uma abaqondisi bengqondo, bafaka ithonya ngokushesha okubangelwa yi-Appropries.

Ngokwesibonelo, ukuzwa ekupheleni konyaka ka-20000 nasekuqaleni konyaka ka-2010 kwaqokomisa imiphumela ebhubhisayo yenkinga ye-opioid kanye nokungabi namandla okwelapha. Lokho bufakazi kwafaka ngokuqondile e-. I-Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act (CARA) ka 2016 futhi kwalandela ukudambisa okuthiya okuthiya izigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zabantu ekuvimbeleni, ekulapheni, nasekusekeleni. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuzwa kwentsha ngempilo yengqondo − cishe kuholele ekuchazeni ingxabano yabo siqu yezentengo yezentengo yezentengo yezwe yezwe [[FLT:][FLT][FLD:3] kanye nezinhlelo zesikole ezihlonze. [ngonyakanyaka ka-19988]

Ukukhokhwa kwezindlebe kunikeza ukuqondisa. Uma izinhlangano ezinjenge-SAMHSA noma i-Veterans Health Administration zivela phambi koMkhandlu ukuze zithethelele izilinganiso zawo zemali, zihloniphiswe kakhulu ekusebenzeni, zilinde izikhathi, nemiphumela. Lokhu kucindezela kungaholela emalini eqinile, izivumelwano ezintsha, noma izinguquko ezilawulayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemva kokuzwa kaningi kwembula ukuthi i-VA yayingakuqondi ngokwanele ukuzibulala, iSivumelo sayala ukuba abaxhumanisi bazokuzibulala kunoma isikhungo ngasinye sezokwelapha sase-VA, futhi izimali eziyandayo zokuvimbela ukuzibulala ngaphandle kobufakazi obusemqondweni wezindaba nokupheka imibuzo.

Ithonya Ezinyathelweni Eziyinhloko Nezimo Eziphuthumayo

Ubuhlobo phakathi kwezindlebe zomphakathi kanye nezinyathelo zempilo yengqondo zikahulumeni akuyona nje indlela yokusabela, kodwa ngokuvamile kuhlelwa. Izinhlelo nezinhlangano zikahulumeni eziningi ezibaluleke kakhulu zithola umsuka wazo ngokuqondile ekuzweni okunobufakazi benkinga yesizwe futhi kufunwa uhulumeni ukuba aphendule.

UMthetho Wezifo Zengqondo Zomphakathi Nokuphakama Kwezimiso Zokuxhasa Imali

Esinye sezibonelo zokuqala nezilandelana kakhulu yikomiti [i-FLT:0] yezwa ubufakazi obunamandla bezimo zeMental Health Act ka-1963, eyasayinwa nguMongameli John F. Kennedy. Lesenzo sawumkhiqizo wochungechunge lokuqulwa kwezindlebe owenziwa yikomiti yamuva ye-Senator Literader Hill, ezwe ubufakazi obunamandla ngezimo zengqondo ezibhedlela zengqondo kanye nesithembiso esandayo sesayensi yezifo zengqondo. Labo abezwa bafaka i-dentituanation transformation futhi basungula uchungechunge lwesizwe lwezempilo yengqondo yabantu, ukuthi, naphezu kwezinselele zayo zokufeza, bamisa isilinganisi sezenteko yemizwano yemizwano engokwempilo yengqondo ezweni engokwempilo.

Ukuzwa kwango 1970 no 1980 kwaqhubeka kubumba indima kahulumeni, ekugcineni okwaholela ekudalweni kwesifo sengqondo Alcohol, Drug Abuse, ne Mental Health Administration (ADAMAHA) futhi kamuva owalandela, SAMSA. Iminyaka ka-1990 yabona ukuzwakala okwadalula ukudabuka kwesifo sengqondo esidaliweyo nokungasinaki, kufaka isibindi ukuphoqelelwa komthetho omthetho oqinile. i-Prentint’s New Free Commission on Mental Health yaziswa uchungechunge lokulalela kwemibuthano ngokwayo ukuthi ukudilika, ukudamba okunga ngokwaneleyo, nokudinga ukusetshenziswa kobufakazi obusekelwe.

Indalo Nokuziphendukela Kwemvelo Kwe - SAMHSA

SAMHSA, manje inhlangano eyinhloko kahulumeni yezempilo yengqondo nezidakamizwa, yamiswa ngokomthetho ekuqaleni konyaka ka-1990 ukuzwa okwakugxeka ukwehlukana kwempilo yengqondo nezinhlelo zokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa. Ukuzwa okulandelayo kuye kwabumba i-SAMHSA kuqala. Ukususa ekugxileni ekugcizeleleni ngokulandelana kwezindlela ezinikezwayo ezisekelwe ebufakazini, ukunakekelwa okusekelwe ekunakekeleni, nokuhlala kwempilo ekhona. Muva nje, ukuzwa ngempilo ye-COVID-19 mpilo yengqondo kuye kwaholela u-SAMATA ukuba andise [[FLT:] [FLT:] [3] amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu ekusekeleni ukusekela okuphuthuma okungathwiyo okusekelwe ekwasemkhanseni kwezenkingeni, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, izinkonzo zezenhlalakahle, nokuthuthukiswa kwemisebenzi yomphakathi.

Ukuzwa okucushiwe futhi kuye kwabonisa i-SAMHSA ukulandisa ngokuphatha kwayo izikhokhelo zikahulumeni, ukuqoqwa kokwaziswa okuphathelene nokuzibulala nokufa ngokweqile, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo kwe- u-Heline . Ngokwesibonelo, amazwa angu-20222 ayehlola ukuthi i-SAMSA yayilungiselela ngokwanele yini ukuthuthwa komkhumbi wama-988, iholela ekuxosheleni ukuqeqeshwa nokuqashelwa komphakathi. Ngaphandle kwalokhu kuzwa, izikhala ezibucayi zesisekelo ngabe azizange zihoywe.

INIMH Nomshini Wokucwaninga

Ukuzwa kwemithetho kulawula futhi uhlelo lokucwaninga lwe-National Institute of Mental Health . Ngokuzwa, abaqondisi bezomthetho babuza uNIMH ngezinto eziza kuqala, .ukuzama ukulinganisela phakathi kwesayensi yengqondo eyisisekelo, ukuhlola, nokucwaninga kokuhumusha. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuzwa ngesilinganiso esiphakeme sokuzibulala phakathi kwentsha phakathi ko 1990 kuholele e-NIMH STUD [iiiindlela yokuhlola nokuqonda] ukulinganisela phakathi kwe-mizwa ye-mizwa ye-mizwa esemaphandleni, [i-NYUS]SCT (uic Active and Tritest) , okuye kwazisa ukuthuthuka kokungenela inqubo yokuphepha nokuhlela. Okukhulu, ukuzwa okusanda ukukhula kwenani elikhulu phakathi kwentsha ezindaweni zokuzingela ukuncintinye nezokuhlosa i-NH.

Ukuhlola Izindlebe Ezingelutho

Ukuze uqonde ngokugcwele ithonya lezindlebe zomphakathi ezithathelwe phambili zempilo yengqondo kahulumeni, kuyasiza ukuhlola ukuzwa okuthile okwashintsha isimo sesimiso. Ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kubonisa indlela ubufakazi, ukungabaza, nokucindezela komphakathi okuguqulela ngayo ezinguqulweni zangempela zezwe.

Ukuqulwa Kwezinguquko Zempilo Yengqondo Ka - 2016

Ngo-2016, uchungechunge lwezimemezelo eziphawulekayo kokubili eSikhungweni sezempilo, semfundo, seMfundo, seSisebenzi, neSikhathi soMnyango weNdlu ne-Commerce Committee yamisa isisekelo semikhankaso yezempilo yengqondo e 211 Century Curets Act[. OFakazi babehlanganisa iziphathi-mgada ngokwengqondo, odokotela begumbi lezengqondo, odokotela bezezomthetho, nabantu ngabanye abanolwazi oluphilayo. Obunye ubufakazi obungalibalekiyo bavela kumama owachaza kaningi amagumbi empilo yengqondo endodana yakhe elapha futhi ucingo ngenxa yokungaphathwa ngesifo sokuphazamiseka kwesimiso.

Ukuzwa kwaqokomisa izinkinga eziningi eziphikelelayo: ukuntuleka kwemibhede yengqondo ephaphazelayo, ukuntuleka kokunakekela okuhlangene kwabantu abanesifo sengqondo esingathi sína, nokungahlangani okunganele kwempilo yengqondo nokunakekela okuyinhloko. Isivumelwano seBerpartisan savela lapho kunesidingo se- Community Behavitural Health CBHC] I-Moniclinic [[[FFF:1]]], okudinga imithola-mthola mpilo ebanzi yenkonzo, kuhlanganise nokunakekela izinhlekelele, ukuphatha, nokwelapha kobufakazi obusekelwe. Futhi ukuzwa kukhuthaza amalungiselelo okugunyaza ukuvikelwa kokuphila kokuzifihla i-Sucity Life [[FFFFON] [FFON]] [FG] [12] [12] [2] umthetho owenziwayo eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili].

Ukuzwa Ngesimo Esiphuthumayo Sempilo Yengqondo Se -COVID - 19

Kusukela entwasahlobo 2020 kuya ku-2021, uMkhandlu wahlola ukulimala kwengqondo kwalesifo esiwumshayabhuqe. Ubufakazi obuvela kudokotela omkhulu we-Surgeon. Vivek Murthy, NIMH, umqondisi we-NUM. Joshua Gordon, kanye nabaqondisi bamabhakela badweba umfanekiso ofiphele wokukhathazeka okuphakeme, ukucindezeleka, ukusebenzisa kabi izinto, nokuzibulala.[izentsha, ikakhulukazi izingane ezingontanga, nezisebenzi ezibalulekile. Lokhu kwakungakaze kubonwe kakhulu ekukhuleni kwazo okungokomzwelo futhi kwaholela ekuxhakathweni okuphuthumayo: [[FOLD:] Coravirus Ease, Impumuzo, ne-Entelliumtion (CALSE) Act[FLD:[FFF] kanye ne-ENUMALI)

Ukuqulwa kwamacala kwasheshisa futhi ukushintshelwa kwe-National Suicide Prevention Lifeline ukuya ku- 988 compression. Abenzi bomthetho bezwa ukuthi umsindo wawunyuke ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-30 phakathi nobhadane nokuthi inani lamaqoqo ayishumi ayekhona ladida. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, iSishaya-Mkhandlu samisa umthetho ofuna iPuderal Commissions ukuze isebenzise i-988 Commission ukuze isebenzise ngoJuly 2022, 292,a isikhathi ebesingakhohliselwa ngaphandle kokunakwa umphakathi okunga okuqhubekayo okubangelwa ukuzwa. Namuhla, 988 uyasebenza futhi ulindeleke ukuba ube umnyombo wesi wokusabela kwenhlekelele yezwe, isivumelwano sokulawula indlela ukuzwa okungashintsha ngokushesha ngayo izakhiwo.

Ukulalela Impilo Yengqondo Yentsha Nezokuxhumana

Ngo-2023 nango-2024, ukuqulwa kwezindlebe okuvela emasitejini amakhulu ezokuxhumana nezenhlalo − kanye nobufakazi obuvela kuntsha nabazali − kwaletha ukucubungula okusha kwemiphumela yamaqonga engqondo ebhekile. Ukucwaninga kwenkampani kwembulwe kubonisa ukuthi ukusebenzisa kwe-Instagram kuhlangene namazinga aphakeme okukhathazeka kanye nezithombe zomzimba phakathi kwamantombazane asemasha. Lokhu kulalela akuzange kuveze ngokushesha umthetho omusha kahulumeni, kodwa kwakha isimo sezombangazwe esacindezela [[FLT: 0] uMnyango wezempilo noMnyango Wesizwe [[[FLT:[FL:1]] no-FFFT] ukukhipha i-General Divieult mentstions pergue pergueves per ses perguease [FFod][5] Acts .[5]

Ukulalela futhi kwakhuthazwa ukuba kuqalwe i-SAMHSA entsha eqondiswe ebusheni, “ Sihlangene sonke” ukuthuthukisa imithombo yezindaba enempilo engokwenhlalo nokuthuthukisa izinkonzo zempilo zengqondo ezisekelwe esikoleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iNIMH yamemezela ukuxhasa okusha kokucwaninga ngemiphumela yemizwa neyokuziphatha yezenhlalo ekwakhekeni kobuchopho (indawo yokubuza ngaphambili). Nakuba imiphumela yokugcina iyaqhubeka ikhona, ukuzwa sekuye kwashintsha kakade uhlelo lwezesayensi yezesayensi yomphakathi nenkulumo yomphakathi. Ukunyukela kakhulu kwesayensi, bheka [[FLT:] NIMNH ekhasini edangeni lengane nesempilweni yengqondo.[FLT]

Izinselele Nokulinganiselwa Kwenqubo Yokuzwa

Naphezu kwethonya lawo elikhulu, ukuqulwa kwamacala ezinhlangano akulona ikhambi lezinselele zempilo yengqondo yesizwe.

Ezombangazwe Nempi Yenkolo Ehlukile

Impilo yengqondo ingenye yezindawo ezimbalwa ezisele zesifo sengqondo nobudlova bebhamu, kodwa ngisho nalapha, ukuhlukana okuhlukanisayo kungasusa ukuzwa okungazwa kahle nomthetho olandelayo. Eminyakeni yamuva, izimpikiswano ngendima kahulumeni kahulumeni kanye nezifundazwe, ukusekela imali, kanye nokufakwa kwemigomo ehlobene nezibhamu (njengalokho kuhlola ukuhlobana phakathi kokugula kwengqondo nobudlova bebhamu) kuye kwavala izikweletu zempilo yengqondo ezibanzi. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuzwa ngokuphindaphindiwe nge- [intelligence Reformation Act" ku-14 ne 115:] uMthetho we-Congress wathinta ukuphikisana ngencazelo yesifo sengqondo esiyingozi nesifo sokusiza ukuhlinzwa. Isehlakalo oluyelelwe ukubuyiselwa, kanti ukuhlenga okuye kwasho ukubuyiselwa ekulungiseni ukulungiswa.

Izindlebe ngokwazo zingaba imibukiso ehlukanisayo, amalungu asebenzisa ipulatifomu ukuze athole amaphuzu ezombangazwe kunokuba ahileleke ekuxazululeni inkinga yangempela. Lapho ofakazi bebuzwa imibuzo eholayo eklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa izikhundla ezikhona, injongo yokuzwa yeqiniso iyancitshiswa. Lokhu kungaqeda ukwethemba umphakathi kulenqubo futhi kukwenze kube nzima ukwakha imifantu edingekayo ukuze kushintshwe isimiso eside.

Ukulinganiselwa Kwemithombo Yezinto Nokuncintisana Kwezinto Eziza Kuqala

Ngisho noma ukuzwa kuphumelela ukwenza isimo sokutshala imali ethé xaxa, inqubo yemali kahulumeni ivame ukubeka imingcele enzima. Ukuthatha isinyathelo sempilo yengqondo kuncintisana nesivikelo, izakhiwo zemvelo, imfundo, nezinye izinhlelo zasekhaya ezilinganiselwe zokuxhasa imali. Ngokwesibonelo, i-sequester ka-2013, inciphisa isamba sezigidi ezingu-R3,50 000 ebhodini phakathi kweshumi leminyaka, inciphisa uhlelo lwemali luka-SA ngesixwayiso esithengwayo esingase sibangele inkinga enzima. Muva nje, ukubhebhebhethezela ukwanda okuhlala njalo kwemali empilweni yengqondo kuye kwancishiswa ngezinkinga zemali ezikhona kanye nesidingo sokuthola ezinye izinto eziza kuqala njengokusabela kobhadayo kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.

Ukuzwa kungahlushwa futhi “umphumela wokuzwa okukodwa kakhulu”: uma izinhlekelele eziningi zinikezwa ngaphandle kokucaciswa, abakhi bezimiso ziba yisithuntu. Umthamo omkhulu wezindlebe ezisempilweni yengqondo − cishe ungaphezu kuka-50 nge-Congress(izimpawu zokuthi izinto eziningi ezibalulekile zivele ziphele enkumbuloni ngaphambi kokuba inkathi ye-appropriation iqale. Ukubala lokhu, amanye amakomiti manje adinga ukuzwa okulandela futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imikhondo ayipheli ezinqolobaneni.

Ukwephuza Kwesigaba SaseBureaucracy Nokuqeda Izenzo

Ngisho noma ukuzwa kuphumela ekubekeni umthetho nasekwenzweni kwezimali, i-compatior community ingathatha intuthuko. I-Active community community Health Clinic (CBHC) i-progreed commentations. I-Activementations productive , igunyazwe ku-2014 Develoption to Medicara Act, ithathe inqubo yokuhlola ingathatha iminyaka. Ngokwesibonelo, inqubo eqinisekisiwe ye-Community Commony Behavial Health Creal Clinic Clinic (CBCH) [[FLD:1], egunyazwe ku-2014, lapho kugcinwa impumelelo enkulu, impumelelo enkulu ezindaweni ezithile zasemaphandleni, ingekho i-partsting producesssss (irights) kulokhu kulalela i-Geneans (irights. organ, organ, organ, , organ,

Iziyalezo Zesikhathi Esizayo: Indlela Izindlebe Ezingashintsha Ngayo Injongo

Zingasiza ekushintsheni izinto eziningana enqubweni yokuzwa ngokwayo, kanye nezenzo zobunye zezinhlangano namaqembu afundisayo.

Ukuqinisa Ubufakazi Obusekelwe Kubo

Izindlebe ziphumelela kakhulu lapho zibekwe emninindweni eqinile nasemini. AmaKomiti kufanele afake ubufakazi obuvela kubo bobabili abacwaningi nabezokwelapha abangaveza ukwaziswa okuthatha isikhathi eside ngemiphumela, izindleko, nokwehluka. Inkonzo yokucwaninga eqinile (CRLS) ne-Government Accounting Office [GAO:3] kakade iveza imibiko emihle kakhulu, kodwa isetshenziswa njengemithelela. Izwi ngalinye elihlanganisa ukuphenya okufushane noma okungasho lutho lungakhanya futhi lunciphelise ukuncishwa nokuncitshiswa kwe-ecdocdote.

Ukwanda Kokwehlukahluka KoFakazi

Nakuba ukuzwa kuvame ukuhlanganisa abameleli, abavamile ukuhlanganisa abantu abaye balawula isimiso sempilo yengqondo ngokwabo ngokwabo, cishe labo abavela emiphakathini yemibala, ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, nezizinda eziphansi ezitholakalayo. Umzamo wenhloso wokuthola ofakazi abahlukahlukene abangenalwazi uqinisekisa ukuthi imithetho ibhekana namaqiniso alabo abathinteke kakhulu. Ngokusho cishe, ukuzwa ngokuntula kwempilo yengqondo eMelika yasemaphandleni kufanele kubonise umlimi, uthisha-kaputeni wesikole wasemaphandleni, nomphathi wesikole wasemaphandleni, hhayi nje ummeleli wenhlangano yesizwe. Lokhu kuye kwaboniswa kwezinye izikhulu zekomiti ngempumelelo ephawulekayo, kuholele ekunikezeni izinhlelo eziphambili zezempilo yasemaphandleni ezindaweni ezisemaphandleni nezemfundo yemfundo yesikole.

Ukwakha “Isimo Sempilo Yengqondo Sasikhathi Sonke se-Union” Ukuzwa

Enye intuthuko yokwakha engasiza ukubika ngezimpawu eziyinhloko: amazinga okuzibulala, ukufinyelela kwezekhono zomsebenzi, ukugcinwa kwekhono lokusebenza okuhlanganyelwe yikomiti yezempilo kuwo womabili amakamu. Ukuzwa okunjalo kungadinga i-SAMHSA, i-NIMH, i-VA, i-Univertive of Education, kanye noMnyango woMahlulelo ukuba ubike ngezimpawu eziyinhloko: amazinga okuzibulala, ukufinyelela emsebenzini, ukugcinwa kwemithetho yempatho, nentuthuko eMkhandlu yezentengo esekelwe esemthethweni. Ukubika obala njalo kungadala i-endivale ekwakhelwe, kuyenze kube nzima ukuthembisa inqubo yokukhohlakala ngemva komjikelezo owodwa. Imininingwane enikezwa yilemigomo engathi i-menywayo. [FFF] [4]

Isiphetho: Ukubaluleka Okuhlala Njalo Kwezindaba Zomphakathi

Ukuzwa kwe-Congress kungaphezulu kwemithetho engokwenqubo yama-procebral-messal jption jl igumbi le-injini lenqubo yezempilo yengqondo ka-soshalini. Kusukela ku-Community Mental Health Act ka-1963 kuya ku-21st Century Cures Act kuya ku-988 Lifeline, ukuzwa kuye kwaba yi-forum lapho izinkinga zazibizwa khona, iziphakamiso, impikiswano, nemithombo egciniweyo. Zinikeza iqophelo eliyivela kancane lokuhlangana phakathi kobufakazi obungokwesayensi, ubufakazi, ubufakazi, nenhlanganise nezenzo zemithetho (inhlanganise i-a) ezinganqanda umsindo wezombangazwe futhi zivene izinguquko eziqinile.

Yebo, ukuzwa kukodwa akunakuxazulula izinkinga ezijulile zempilo yengqondo ebhekene ne-U.S.: ukuswelakala kwezisebenzi, ukufinyelelwa kwemishuwalense, izinkonzo ezihlukene, ihlazo elingapheli, kanye nethonya elingalinganisisiwe kubantu abakwehliswayo. Kodwa kuseyithuluzi elinamandla kakhulu ebhokisini lamathuluzi lokuhlola ukuqhubekela phambili kwe-ocestration. Ngokuqhubeka nokutshala imali ezindlebeni ezilinganayo − nofakazi abahlukahlukene, ukwaziswa okuqinile, nokulandela-ukudlulela phezulu----Queqeshana kungaqinisekisa ukuthi impilo yengqondo ihlala ibalulekile ngokwesizwe futhi izinhlelo zikahulumeni zicwengahla ngokuqhubekayo ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezihambisana nezidingo ezihambisanayo.

Indlela engaphambili inde, kodwa inqubo yokuzwa inikeza indlela eqinisekisiwe. Kubenzi bezimiso, abasekeli, nezakhamuzi ngokufanayo, ukuqulwa kwecala okulandelayo akulona nje ibhokisi elivamile lokuhlola u-("ithuba lokuhlela ikusasa lokunakekela impilo yengqondo eMelika.