Umnotho we-Ireland uchazwa ngokukhululekile kwawo. Njengezwe elincane elinomlando ojulile wokuthutha nokuhweba, isifundazwe sanamuhla sase-Ireland siye sakha ukuchuma kwaso ngokuhamba ngokukhululekile kwezinto, izinkonzo, nenhloko- dolobha. Ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla nezinkonzo ngaphandle kwe-odocs Gross Literal Produal Product, isilinganiso esigcizelela ukuncika okukhulu ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe. Nokho, lokhu kuncika kuveza ukuwohloka okukhulu. Uma ukuphikisana kwezentengiselwano kuphakama ngezansi kwemidanti, izindinganiso zokulawula imfumba, noma amandla e-geontalthisswaves (intshinge) izwakala ngokukhulu kakhulu ezibhodini zamapulangwe, emapulazini, emboni, nasemapulazini angaphandle. Ukuqonda imiphumela ezindawo ezingokomnotho wamazwe ase-Ireland.

Ukuchayeka Okuyingqayizivele Embulungeni Yonke Kwezohwebo Ezweni Lase - Ireland

Ukuze umuntu aqonde ukuthi kungani izingxabano zezohwebo zibaluleke kangaka e-Ireland, kumelwe kuqala aqonde ukuhlelwa kwezomnotho zayo ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Akuyona into eyodwa kodwa intengo ehlangene. Ngakolunye uhlangothi kumi imisebenzi emikhulu yezinhlangano zezizwe ngezizwe (MNCs) ekwelapheni imithi, ezobuchwepheshe, nabezokwelapha. Lezi zimboni, zikhangwa izisebenzi ezinekhono, umbuso wezentela othembekile, futhi ziqinisekisa ukufinyelela e-European Single Market, ziye zenza i-Ireland ibe isikhungo sembulunga yonke sezezokwakha nemisebenzi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi kunengxenye enkulu yomphakathi eyakhiwe kwezolimo, kwezokulungisa ukudla, ezemisebenzi yezobuchwepheshe, ezobuchwepheshe, ezemisebenzi yezebhizinisi.

Lokhu kwakhiwa okumbaxambili kusho ukuthi izingxabano zezohwebo zahlasela i-Ireland ngezindlela eziningi. Impi yokulwa phakathi kwe-United States neChina ingaphazamisa ukuqoqwa kwempahla yembulunga yonke ye-MNCs eDublin naseCork. Impikiswano ngokuhwebelana ngezimali zezolimo ingenza ukuba ipulazi lomkhaya eCounty Tiperary lingakwazi ukuzuza inzuzo. I-Brexit, ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwezentengiselwano phakathi kwesizukulwane, kanye kanye nokuthinta kokubili ingxenye yezizwe ngezizwe (ngendlela yokusuka kwemiya ezindaweni ezihlukene kanye nemininingwane) kanye nengxenye yomdabuzwe (ngendlela yokuhlola ukudla ekuthunye ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe). Lokhu kucasha okunezelelwe kungenza ukuba izwe lase-Ireland lishintshe inguquko kakhulu esimisweni sezentengo yembulunga yonke.

Izingxabano Eziyinhloko Zezohwebo Nezigebengu Zezombangazwe

Indawo ezungezile yamanje esemhlabeni ayichazwa ngempi eyodwa yezohwebo, kodwa uchungechunge lwezingxabano ezihlangene nezinguquko zokwakha.

Ifa Elingapheli Le - Breexit

Nakuba iUnited Kingdom iye yashiya i-European Union ngokusemthethweni, inqubo yokuchaza ubuhlobo bayo obusha kwezohwebo iwumthombo oqhubekayo wengxabano. I-Trade and Cooperation Active Active (TCA) inikeza aroifications nenombolo yempahla ehlangabezana neMithetho ye-Origin, kodwa iye yathatha indawo yokuhweba okungaxabani nemithwalo ephawulekayo. Abathuthi bamazwe angaphandle babhekene nezimemezelo eziningi zesiko, i-pytosantary (SSSS), kanye nemfuno yemikhiqizo engaphili lutho engekho ngaphambi kwe-201. Lokhu kuye kwanezela izindleko nobunzima bokukhonza imakethengiso eUK, okuhlala kungumunye wabantu ababalulekile base-Ireland, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yengxenye yezindawo zomphakathi. I-Oral Province, kuhlanganise ne-Province eyalandelanayo e-Dreal, i-Drectory efunwayodwa ngaphansi kwenani elingu-U. Kodwa manje, leli zwe elihlala phansi kwezesithathu lezwe lezwe lase-Ireland, manje likhokhiswe ngenxa yezinkulungwane seze

Umbango WesiChona Se - US Nokuthola Inhlekelele

Ukuncintisana okungokomthetho phakathi kwezimpahla ezimbili ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni emhlabeni kunemiphumela emikhulu e-Ireland. Nakuba i-Ireland ingenawo umthamo omkhulu wokuhweba okuqondile neChina uma kuqhathaniswa ne-EU noma i-U, kuthinteka kakhulu ngokuncishiswa komonakalo wombango. Ama-taffaji abekwe yi-US ezintweni ze-Shayina, kanye nokuncintisana, aphazamisa inani lembulunga yonke le-MNCs esekelwe e-Ireland. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-US isundula ukuncishiswa ukukhiswa kwemibhoshongo yobuchwepheshe. Njengesikhungo esikhulu somklamo wemiklamo wezenyuko nemisebenzi efanayo, futhi indawo eyisihluthulelo yezezobuchwepheshe yase-US, ibanjwa ezindaweni eziphambili ze-US [FLD:P [FLD] kanye ne-S Actives Act: [FFFF] [3] [3] njenge-EFFFFFoket], futhi ne-equast engcono kakhulu yemali engcono, engcono kakhulu yemali engcono, engenziwa ngokuncithamela ukudayoku

Izingxabano Zezohwebo Ze - EU

Naphezu kobuhlobo obunamandla bokwehla kwe-US, izingxabano zezohwebo phakathi kwe-EU ne-US ziye zaqubuka ngokuphindaphindiwe. Impikiswano ende yokuzilawula yaholela ekubekeni i-Irish izigidi zezigidi zezigidi zamaRandi ekuthatheni izigwegwegwe zezimpahla, kuhlanganise ne-Irelandn ye-wishikey kanye neminye imikhiqizo, ngaphambi kokuba i-Indiyaclatec Reduction Act (IRA), nohlanga lwayo lwezezobuchwepheshe obuluhlaza, ibangele ukukhiqizwana okungakhohlakazelelwe ngokuqondile kwe-Irish, kanti i-Rwanda yesivumelwano se-Rwanda yaqala ukumiswa, usongo lwezenzo ezinjalo zobuhlahlolo olusanekezelwe, ukwanda kwezentengozo zeze-injini, futhi i-US i-Aydiatton encikelelene, kuhlanganise nezintela ze-migomo ze-Rlandsting ezisekusetshenziswayolini ezisezingeni eziphambili, kusezingeni ezisezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu.

Ukuchuma Kwangaphakathi EYurophu

Izingxabano zezohwebo azizona njalo ngaphandle. Kuyi-EU, abathengi bama-Irish abathunyelwa kwamanye amazwe bazithola besenkabeni yezimpi ezingokomthetho. I-Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) iyindaba ehlala ikhona yokuxoxisana, lapho inkomo nemfuyo yobisi yase-Ireland incintisana khona ukuze isekele abakhiqizi be-France, iSpain, nePoland. Izingxoxo zangaphakathi ziveza ukuphikisana okukhulu kwesithakazelo se-EUIU-Mercscour, okungavumela ukuthengwa kwenyama yenkomo yaseNingizimu Melika, kubonakale njengesisongo esiqondile embonini yemfuyo. Le ngxoxo yangaphakathi, nakuba ingaba "isusa" ngomqondo wesiko, iveza ukuphikisana okukhulu kwesithakazelo esikhona futhi esikhona ngenxa yokuncintisana nendawo yokuthutha abantu base-Ireland.

Imiphumela Engokomnotho Nezenhlalo Iyanda

Inqubo engabonakali yezohwebo iguqula imiphumela yangempela yezomnotho nezenhlalo kulo lonke elaseIreland.

Ezingeni lezentengiselwano ezingokomnotho, izingxabano zezohwebo zidala ukungaqiniseki, okuyisitha sokutshala imali. Uma amafemu engaqiniseki ngemibuso yezokulawula ye-appertiff, anciphisa ukwandisa futhi aqashe iqhwa. Lokhu kungaqiniseki kunezela ekuntshoneni kwe-GDP ne GNI* eIreland, okwenza ukuhlelwa kwezomnotho kube nzima kuhulumeni. Kubantu bomdabu bendawo abathunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, izindleko ezikhuphukayo zokulandela i-Brxit ziye zabangela inzuzo eqondile. Ku-MNCS, ingozi yokwebiwa kwempahla noma ukunyuswa kwezindawo zokuthunyelwa kwezindawo ezibondayo.

Ithonya ligcwele kakhulu emaphandleni asemaphandleni. Ingxenye ye-agri edla ukudla iyinjini eyinhloko yezomnotho yamadolobha amaningi namadolobhana ukusuka e-Donegal ukuya eCork. Lapho izingxabano zezohwebo zivala izimakethe noma amanani enyama noma obisi, imiphumela ibheduka kuyo yonke intengo yendawo, ithinta abanikazi bokudla, abathuthayo, nabadayisi bendawo. UJobe ulahlekelwa yizemboni yokulungisa ukudla, njengalezo ezibonwa engxenyeni zenyama phakathi nokuntenga kahle kwemakethengiso, ibhubhisa imiphakathi emincane esebenzelani engasebenzi kahle. Ukulahlekelwa okungabalimi abasebasha ngenxa yokuntengiselwa emakethe ezindaweni ezisemaphandleni aseIreland nakho kuphakamisa imibuzo ephawulekayo ngekusasa lezentengiselwano yokudla, njengalezo zinkovu ezindaweni zenyama phakathi kwezentengiselwano.

Ukujula: Ukuwohloka Kwehlelo Nokubuyiselwa

Ukuze siqonde ngokugcwele ukuthi lokhu kuthinta kanjani, kudingeka sihlolisise izinselele eziqondile ezibhekene nezinsika ezimbili ezivelele zase - Ireland ezithumela kwamanye amazwe.

Ezolimo Nemboni Yokudla

Ingxenye ye-agri edla ukudla mhlawumbe ingeyokuqala kakhulu ezimpikiswaneni zezentengiselwano. Imakethe ye-UK iye yathatha cishe ingxenye yenyama yenkomo ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe e-Ireland kanye nengxenye ephawulekayo yobisi lwayo, ukudla okuphekiwe, nenhlanzi. Isithiyo se-Brretit TCA esingekho se-partus esiye safakwa imingcele esele imaphepha futhi ibambezele. Nakuba ukuhweba kuye kwaqhubeka, ukuncintisana kwemikhiqizo yase-Ireland e-UK kuye kwancitshiswa ezindinganisweni zayo zangaphambi kwe-201. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usongo lwezimongosi esingabekeli phambili sihlala siyingozi eqhubekayo.

Ngalé kwe-Breexit, umkhakha ubhekene nokucindezela kwezinye izingxabano. Ukulwela kwe-EU ukulondolozwa nokuncishiswa kwegesi kuholela ekubeni kubekwe imithetho eqinile yezindlela zokulima. Nakuba le mithetho idingeka kakhulu ngenxa yezizathu zendawo ezungezile, imelela futhi izindleko ezingabangela ukunciphisana okuncane kwe-Ireland nezindawo ezingaphandle ezikhona. Indaba yeWTO elethwa iRussia, futhi ukuncishiswa kwemfucumfuko yenyama neshisi, ivala intengo ephawulekayo yenyama yenyama yenyama yenyama neshizi. Intengiselwano yamuva yabathunyelwa kwamanye amazwe e-Asia naseMpuma phakathi iyindlela eqondile yokusabelana kwemithetho engekho ngokomthetho ye-UK imakethericrist kanye nesidingo sokuzingeni, kodwa lemikhamashishi entsha ithatha isikhathi nemali.

Ubuchwepheshe, Imithi Yemithi, Nezinkonzo Eziphakeme Eziwusizo

Isikhundla se-Ireland njengesikhungo sembulunga yonke sesayensi yezinto eziphilayo nezinhlangano zobuchwepheshe zamazwe ngamazwe sidala indlela ehlukile yokuchayeka. La mafektha asebenza emaphethelweni ensingo nasemanqabeni aphakeme alawulayo. Izingxabano zezohwebo eziphazamisa amalungelo empahla, ziphoqelela izimemezelo eziphakathi, noma zidala izindinganiso eziphikisanayo zokulawula (isimo, ama-US FDA v. EU EMA) ziwumgunyaza kakhulu lomkhakha.

Ikhasi lentela yembulunga yonke ye-OECD, nakuba kungeyona impikiswano yezentengiselwano yezentengiselwano, ivela ekuxabaneni okufanayo kwezezombangazwe. Isivumelwano sokusebenzisa isilinganiso esiphansi sentela yembulunga yonke yenkampani kanye nokukhokha intela entengoza amalungelo amakhulu kakhulu i-MNCs kuyimpendulo eqondile emncintiswaneni wentela i-Irland eyazuza ngokwesikhathi esidlule. Nakuba isilinganiso esingu-15% asiyona inhlekelele e-Ireland, isusa isici esiyinhloko senzuzo yokuncintisana eyaheha i-FDI. Ukulwa kwentela yezentengo yobuchwepheshe ye-US kuthinta ngokukhethekile imboni yezentengo yezentengo yezentengo yezentengo yeze yezemisebenzi yase-US esebenzisa amashuminigidi ezinkulungwane zezinkulungwane eDublin eDublin, i-Corket, neGaway. Imiphumela engathi iyinsiyo yonke inhlekelele kulendawo ayiyona imiphumela emboni yentela emboni yezemisebenzi.

Ukuzivumelanisa Nezimo Nokushintsha

Ukusabela kwabantu base - Ireland kule ndawo entengantengayo kuye kwagxila ekwakheni izikhali ezinamandla ngokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezihlukile.

Insika eyinhloko yalendlela ingu- ukuhwebelana kwezentengiselwano zangaphandle. Izimo ezifana ne-[FLT]]'ukufaka i-Ireland[ isebenza ngokungakhathali ukusiza izinkampani zomdabu ukuba zithole abathengi ezimakethe ezintsha. Ukugxila kugxile kakhulu ezindaweni ezise-Yurobha (ukusebenzisa ingozi yemali), isifunda sase-Asia-Pacificie (ngokuvamile iChina, iJapane, i-Japane, ne-South Korea), kanye ne-Phakathi yeMpumalanga. Imisebenzi ye-Cladential iholwa abefundisi noMongameli bakhona, ukuvulwa kwezimpahla, ekuvulweni kweminyango, nakusetshenziswa i-foundation. Le nkonzo isiza ekusakazwe kunoma isiphi i-Australia emakethengizimu.

Icebo lesibili eliyinhloko ukuhlanganiswa kwe-European Single Market. Njengoba i-UK iye yahamba, i-Ireland iye yaphindeka kabili ekuzibopheleleni kwayo e-EU. Ukuqinisa konke umnotho we-island ngaphansi kwesimiso se-Good Freentument neWindsor Framework iyinto ehamba phambili kwezombangazwe nezomnotho. Amafemu ase-Ireland akhuthazwa ukuba abheke imakethe ye-EU yabathengi abayizigidi ezingu-450 njengemakethengi yawo. Lokhu kunikeza indawo eqinile yokudayisa esendaweni eqinile engenisa i-FI, ikakhulukazi e-US ne-ASIA.

Ekugcineni, kugcizelelwa kakhulu [[FLT: 0] ukuncintisana okunamandla nemisebenzi yezemfundo kanye nesisekelo . Uhulumeni utshala imali eshisiwe echwebeni nasezikhumulweni zezindiza ukuze aqhube uhwebo oluqondile neYurophu. I-IDA igxila ekuhehekeni kwenani eliphakeme, izinhlobo eziqinile zokutshala imali, njengokucwaninga nokuthuthukisa izikhungo nemisebenzi yasendlunkulu, kunokuba nje umklamo ongenziwa kalula. Ukutshala emsebenzini onekhono kakhulu nezakhiwo zezezikhungo zomhlaba kubhekwa njengesivikelo esingcono kakhulu sokumelana ne-R6 yezentengiselwano zembulunga yonke. Umgomo ukwenza i-Ireland ibe yindawo ebaluleke kakhulu kwezentengiselwano yembulunga yonke, ngisho noma imizila yezohwebo iqala ukuncintisana.

Ukubheka Phambili: Ukumisa Izindawo Zohwebo Ezinemidwebo

Inkathi yokuchuma okukhulu kwembulunga yonke eyabangela ukuba i-Celtic Tiger yenze impumelelo futhi ikhule ngokulandelana kwe-Ireland iphelile. Ikhono elisha lokubheka lezingxabano, ukuncintisana kwezentengiselwano zezwe, ukunikeza itshe lokulungisa futhi nokukhuhlana kwezakhiwo. Kubathuthi be-Ireland, lokhu kusho ukujwayela izwe lapho ukuhwebelana kungakhululekile khona, kodwa kunezinselele eziyinkimbinkimbi ezizodinga ukuqapha njalo nokulungisa isimiso sokuthutha. Ukuzimela kokubili imikhiqizo kanye nezimakethengiso, nokuqinisa ukuqina kwema kwemakethe ye-EU yedwa kuyoba yimbangela evelele yempumelelo. I-Ireland ibhekenegxansi yezomnotho ngaphambili, kodwa ukukhuphukela ngakuleyo indawo kuveza inselele inselele njalo futhi inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuzinziswa kwendlela yokuthutha i-Irish kuhlolwe ngokunamandla, kodwa umlando wayo usikisela ngokunamandla.