Imithetho yendawo yansuku zonke ilawula ukwakheka kohlobo, ukulondeka, nokuhleleka komphakathi, idolobha, idolobha. Igunyazwe imikhandlu yesifunda, amakhomishane esifunda, noma ezinye izindikimba ezibusayo zendawo, lezimiso zikhuluma ngezidingo eziqondile zomphakathi (kusuka ekutheni uthango lude kangakanani lwesikhathi ongadlala ngaso umculo ophakeme. Nakuba uhulumeni nemithetho ehlelelwe ukuhlanganisa, imithetho yendawo igcwalisa imininingwane ebucayi ethinta ngokuqondile amalungelo empahla, impilo yomphakathi, kanye nezinga lokuphila. Ukuqonda ukuthi luyindaba nje yokulalela okungokomthetho; lukunika amandla okuhlanganyela ekubusweni kwendawo, ekuvikeleni izithakazelo zakho, futhi kunikele igalelo elibanzi ezibonelweni ezibonelweni zemithetho yendawo, izinjongo zazo, futhi kunikeza isiqondiso esiwusizo.

Ziyini Izinqubo Zokuhlala?

Imithetho yendawo ibopha imithetho engokomthetho ethathwa uhulumeni wesifundazwe ukuba ulawule izindaba ngaphansi kwegunya layo. Ithola igunya layo kuhulumeni, othumela amandla athile ezikhundleni zendawo ngomthetho-mthetho wemithetho wesizwe. Ngokungafani nemithetho edluliswa yisishaya-mthetho sikahulumeni, imithetho isebenza kuphela endaweni ebekwe uhulumeni wendawo. Ihlanganisa izihloko eziningi kakhulu ezithinta ukuphila kwezakhamuzi ngokuqondile: ukusebenzisa izwe, umsindo, ukwakha ukuphepha, ukulawulwa kwempilo yomphakathi, ukulawulwa kwezilwane, ukumiswa kwe-ogadayd, ukumiswa kwe-odoli, ukumiswa kwemithetho ye-odoli, imicimbi yezentelligate, nokunye.

I-ordinance ivame ukuhlanganiswa---adminings--"ihlelwa yindaba ebhalwe nge-codes"------------codensis. Ngokwesibonelo, ikhodi yedolobha ingaba nezahluko zezindawo, imigwaqo, amapaki, nezimiso zezempilo. Inqubo yokwakha noma yokuhlela umthetho ngokuvamile ihilela ukuqulwa komphakathi, ukufunda phambi kwendikimba ebusayo, nokuvota. Le nqubo yokususa i-livtive ivumela ukufakwa komphakathi, kodwa ingaholela futhi engxabakweni lapho izithakazelo ezihlukahlukene zingqubuzana.

Izinhlobo Zemidanti Yasendaweni Nezibonelo Eziningiliziwe

I - Zoning Ordinances

Imithetho yokuzingela iphakathi kwemithetho yendawo ethinte kakhulu. Ihlukanisa umphakathi ube yizifundazwe, ezentengiselwano, ezentengiselwano, ezolimo, .(futhi) isho ukuthi iziphi izindlela ezivunyelwe kuzo. Ukulawula futhi ubukhulu, ubude, izithiyo (ekusuka ezigceni zempahla), ukuphakama, nezimfuneko zokupaka izimoto. Ngokwesibonelo, isifunda sekhaya esivamile semikhaya eyodwa singavimbela amagumbi noma amabhizinisi, kanti indawo exubeneyo ingavumela izitolo zezindawo zokuthengisa izakhiwo ezingaphezulu.

Izibonelo zezwe elingokoqobo: Amadolobha amaningi athathe “izimiso ezisekelwe ekuhleleni” ezibeka kuqala isimo esingokoqobo sezakhiwo ezisetshenziswayo, ezikhuthaza ukuhanjiswa. Abanye omasipala banemithetho evumela izakhiwo zokuhlala (ADU) ezinhlalweni zomkhaya owodwa ukuba zandise indawo yokuhlala. Imithetho ye-Zoning ingaxoxa futhi ngezinkinga zobuntwana, njengokufuna izindinganiso zokwakha ezingokomlando.

Umsindo

Imithetho epholile ihlose ukuvikela ukuthula nokuthula kwezindawo zokuhlala. Ivame ukubeka imingcele yezikhathi ezihlukene zosuku (imingcele ephansi ebusuku), inqabela umculo onomsindo noma ukwakhiwa phakathi namahora alinganiselwe, futhi ikhulume ngezididayo ezithile njengezinja ezikhonkothayo noma izibhamu. Ukuphoqelelwa kuvame ukuncika ezikhalweni zomakhelwane nangokuqiniswa komthetho ngokusebenzisa amamitha omsindo.

Isibonelo: Umthetho womsindo weSan Francisco wenqabela umsebenzi wokwakha phakathi kwehora lesi-8 ntambama nohora lesi-8 ekuseni, futhi ubeke ama-decibel angu-80 phakathi nosuku. Ukuphula umthetho kungabangela ukukhokhwa ngisho nokulahlwa kwemishini. Amanye amadolobha aphethe “amahora anokuthula” kusukela ngehora leshumi ntambama kuya kwelesi-7 ekuseni asebenza kuyo yonke imithombo yomsindo.

Imithetho Yokwakha

Izimiso zokwakha zimisa isilinganiso esincane sokwakha, ukuvuselelwa, nokuhlaziywa kwezakhiwo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha, ukutholakala, nokuqina. Zihlanganisa ugesi, amapayipi, imishini, ukuphepha komlilo, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla. Ohulumeni bendawo bathatha izimfuneko zokulingisa (njengemithetho yokulungisa i-International Building) futhi banganezela izinguquko zezimo zendawo ezinjengengozi yokuzamazama komhlaba noma isiphepho.

Kuzakhamuzi, amakhodi okwakha athinta ukuvuselelwa kwezindlu, ungadinga imvume nokuhlolwa kwemisebenzi kagesi noma ushintsho lokwakha. Ukungangeni ekumiseni iziyalezo, amafashini, noma ubunzima bokuthengisa impahla. Amadolobha amaningi futhi anezintambo zezindlu eziphansi” ezimisa izinga lezakhiwo eziqashiwe, kuhlanganise nokufudumeza, ukukhucululwa kwendle, nokuphepha.

Izinhlayiya Zempilo Nezokuhlanza

Imithetho yezempilo ivikela impilo yomphakathi ngokulawula ukumiswa kokudla, izinga lamanzi, ukulahlwa kwemfucumfucu, nokulawulwa kwezifo. Ifuna izitolo zokudlela ukuba zithole imvume futhi zidlulisele imvume njalo, iqoqe imfucumfucu, futhi inqabe ukunqwabelana kwemfucumfucu eheha izinambuzane. Ezinye izimiso zempilo zendawo zikhuluma ngokusetshenziswa kukagwayi, ukubhema ezindaweni zomphakathi, nokugoma izingane zesikole (nakuba ngokuvamile zihlangana nomthetho kahulumeni).

Ukulawula Izilwane

Lemithetho ilawula ubunikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukucasula, izifo, nokuziphatha okuyingozi. Izimiso ezivamile zihlanganisa imithetho ye-leash (izinyoni kumelwe zibe semgedeni), izikhungo zokugoma nezimfuneko zokugoma, imingcele enanini lezilwane ezifuywayo ekhaya, nemithetho evimbela ukuzalwa kwezingane ezithile (imingcele yezinga elithile iyancipha). Imithetho emihle ihliswa ngenxa yokwephulwa kwemithetho, futhi amacala aphindaphindwayo angaholela ekudunyisweni noma ekuyalweni kwenkantolo.

Isibonelo: Emadolobheni amaningi asemadolobheni asemaphethelweni, abanikazi kumelwe bathathe indle yenja yabo futhi bangabhekana nenhlawulo engaba ngu - R1 500 ngenxa yokuhluleka ukwenza kanjalo.

Ukuphaka Nokulala Kwezimoto

Ohulumeni bendawo bayakwazi ukupaka izimoto ezisezitratweni, ukunikeza imvume yokuhlala, nokuhamba kwezimoto ngemithetho. Bamisa imingcele yesikhathi sokupaka, benqabela ukupaka emigwaqweni ethile phakathi nezikhathi eziphuthumayo zeqhwa noma umgwaqo ogcwele, futhi basho izindawo ezifinyele kubantu abakhubazekile. Amanye amadolobha anemithetho edinga intuthuko entsha ukuze anikeze inani elilinganiselwe lezindawo zokupaka ezikude, nakuba abaningi manje benciphisa noma besusa izilinganiso zokupaka ukuze bakhuthaze ukuthutha.

Ukusayina Izimpawu

Imithetho yezimpawu ilawula ubukhulu, ukubekwa, ukukhanya, nokuqukethwe kwezimpawu zokuthuthukisa izimemezelo, ukuphepha, nokulunga kwezentengiselwano. Ivame ukuvala amabhodi ezimpawu ezindawo zokuhlala, ilinganisela ubude bezimpawu zesikhumbuzo, futhi ifuna imvume yesikhashana yezimpawu ezinjengendawo “yokuthengisa” izingqwembe. Izindaba zokukhuluma ezingakho zingaphakama: amadolobha kumelwe aqaphele izikhombo zokubhala ukuze agweme imingcele esekelwe ekuhloni kwemithetho esekelwe kumthetho.

I - ordinance ye - metal-gedre-hell

Indawo ejikeleza ngokushesha, lemithetho ilawula indawo enjenge-Airbnb ne-Vrbo. Zingafuna ukuba abaqashi babhalise edolobheni, banciphise inani lobusuku bokuqasha unyaka ngamunye, bafake intela ekhokhayo, futhi banqabele ukuqashwa kwawo wonke amaqembu kwezinye izindawo. Abaxhasi bathi bavikela indawo yokuhlala nezindawo zomphakathi; abaphikisi baphikisa amalungelo empahla.

Ukubaluleka Kokuthungatha Izakhamuzi Zasendaweni

Izimiso zendawo zisebenza njengesisekelo sokubusa komphakathi, zihumushela imithetho kahulumeni ebanzi kukhonkolo, imithetho eqiniswayo efanela izidingo zendawo. Nakhu okushiwo yikho ngawe:

  • Izimiso zokwakha zivimbela ukuhluleka kokwakha kanye nemililo; imithetho yomsindo inciphisa ukuziphatha okuphazamisayo; ukuhlola impilo kunciphisa ukugula okubangelwa ukudla.
  • [ I-Propety Rights nenani: Ukuzingela kuvikela inani lekhaya lakho ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi ifektri ayivuleki eduze. Imithetho ecacile enqamukile ikwenza uqiniseke ukuthi yini ongayikha.
  • Ubungako bokuphila:[ imithetho yeLeash yenza amapaki aphephe; imithetho yokupaka ivimbela imigwaqo evalekile; izikhombo zezimpawu zigcina imigwaqo ingahlelekile.
  • [ Isivikelo sezenkolo: Izimiso zokulondoloza izihlahla, imithetho yokulawula amanzi anesiphepho, nemingcele yokushiswa ngaphandle ithinta ngokuqondile isayensi yezinto eziphilayo nendawo yazo kanye nezinga lomoya.
  • Isivumelwano se-buvic:[ Ukuqonda imithetho kukwenza ummeli ophumelela kakhulu. Ungakhuluma ezindlebeni zomphakathi, usekele izinguquko ezizuzisa indawo ohlala kuyo, futhi ubeke imithetho engekho ngokomthetho noma ephelelwe isikhathi.

Kodwa futhi kunethuba elibi. Imithetho evimbela ngokweqile ingavimbela ukusungulwa (jengesibonelo, ukwenqabela amabhizinisi asekelwe ekhaya), ukwandisa izindleko zezindlu (ngokwesibonelo, isilinganiso esikhulu kakhulu semali esetshenziswayo), noma iphoqelelwe ngokungakhethi. Ezinye iziqondiso zingawaphula amalungelo omthetho-sisekelo, njengokukhuluma ngokukhululekile noma ukuvivinya inkolo, okuholela ekumangalelweni. Ngakho, kubalulekile ukuhlaziya imithetho ngokugxeka nokuhlanganyela kule nqubo.

Indlela Izivumelwano Zendawo Ezidalwe Futhi Ziphoqelelwe Ngayo

Inqubo Yomthetho

Umthetho uqala njengesicelo esivela kumkhandlu wedolobha, kumphathi-dolobha, kumnyango wedolobha, noma ngisho nakusicelo sasakhamuzi. Umthetho ohlongozwayo uhlotshaniswa njalo izisebenzi zedolobha (umz., umnyango wokuhlela, umnyango womthetho) bese usungulwa emhlanganweni womkhandlu. Kumelwe udluliswe noma kukhululwe izikhulu zikahulumeni lapho izakhamuzi zingafakaza khona. Ngemva kwengxoxo nokulungisa, amavoti. Imithetho eminingi idinga inani elivamile, kodwa ezinye (njengezinguquko zebalazwe) zingadinga ukutusa kwezezezezeze.

Ukwaneliseka Nokutholakala

Ngesinye isikhathi, umthetho wabelwa inani bese wenezelwa ekhodi likamasipala. Ohulumeni abaningi bendawo manje banyathelisa ikhodi yabo yekhodi kuyi-intanethi, ngokuvamile ngezinkonzo ezifana ne- Minicode noma Code De Popart[. Izakhamuzi zingasesha nge-odwa ukuze zithole imithetho ethintanayo. Ngokwesibonelo, umninikhaya e-Austin angabheka umthetho wokulondolozwa kwezihlahla ukuze abone uma zidinga imvume yokususa i-oki enkulu.

Imishini Ephoqelelwayo

Izenzo zokujezisa ziphoqelelwa iminyango yedolobha ehlukahlukene: izikhulu zokuqapha iziqondiso zisingatha izindaba zokunakekelwa kwempahla (utshani, izimoto ezingenamsoco); amaphoyisa aphoqelela umsindo nemithetho yezimoto; abahloli bokwakha bagunyaza imithetho yokwakha. Ukujezisa kungaphumela ekuxwayiseni, ekudluliseni ngenkokhelo engathi sína, iziyalezo zenkantolo noma ngisho nezigebengu (nakuba iningi liyizakhamuzi).

Ukuqashelwa kwemithetho esemthethweni kuyinselele engapheli. Amadolobha amaningi antula izisebenzi ezanele zokuhlola ukuvuma, kuncike esimisweni sokukhononda esingaguquguquka. Lokhu kungaholela ekuqondeni ukungalungi, ikakhulukazi uma izindawo ezithile noma amaqembu amanani enzelwe. Ezinye izinto zihlanganisa izinhlelo zokuhlola izakhiwo eziqashiwe kanye nezindawo ezisengosini yokuxhumana ukuze kubike ukuphambana.

Izinselele Nezindawo Ezizungezile Ezizungeze Izindawo Ezizungezile

Nakuba zisuke zizimisele kahle, imithetho yendawo ivame ukubangela impikiswano. Amaphuzu avamile okuxabana ahlanganisa:

  • Ukwehliswa uMthetho: Ngezinye izikhathi izishaya-mthetho zikaHulumeni zinikeza imithetho edlula imithetho yendawo, ngokuvamile ezindaweni ezinjengeziqashelo zesikhashana, iholo elilinganiselwe, noma imithetho yezibhamu. Lokhu kungakhungathekisa imiphakathi efuna izindinganiso eziqinile. Ngokwesibonelo, izifundazwe eziningi ziye zasula ukuvinjelwa kwezikhwama zepulasitiki noma intela ye-soda yendawo.
  • Isichibiyeli sokuqala:[ Imithetho yezimpawu, izibhikisho, nezimiso zomsindo zingaphikisana namalungelo okukhuluma. Idolobha lingase livimbele ukuphatha iphani, kodwa izinkantolo ziye zaqeda ukuvinjelwa okunjalo njengemithetho esekelwe ekutholweni. Umthetho owenziwe kahle kumelwe uhloselwe ukufinyelela isithakazelo esiqinile sikahulumeni ngaphandle kokusho okungalawuleki.
  • Imithetho elawula amalungelo. I-Propety Rights vs. Umphakathi: Imithetho yokuvikela neyomlando inganciphisa amanani empahla kumniniyo ngamunye. “Ukwenziwa kwe-Grandment” kudinga imbuyiselo uma umthetho wesibuyele phambili, kodwa intambo ngokuvamile ayicaci. Izimpikiswano zithukuthelela“ ukuhla kwezindawo zokuhlala” (ukuvumela ukuphakama kwempahla) kanye nokuhlanganisa (izilinganiso ezikhokhwani).
  • Izindawo ezihlukene ngokuphoqelela: Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi ukugcinwa kwemithetho kuyizisulu zemiphakathi ethola imali encane nezakhamuzi ezimbalwa, kuyilapho izindawo ezicebile zithola ukuphathwa ngokuyekethisa. Amanye amadolobha amukela “izimiso ezisemthethweni” ukuze abhekane nalokhu.
  • Ukulandelana nomthwalo we- Compliance: Idolobha elinabantu abaningi lingase libe namakhulu amakhasi emithetho emboze yonke into kusukela ezinkingeni zomgwaqo kuya ezivumelwaneni zokudlela ngaphandle. Amabhizinisi amancane nabanikazi bamakhaya angathola ukuthi kubiza futhi kuthatha isikhathi ukuqondisa imithetho, kuholele ekuphuleni ngokungahlosile.

Indlela Izakhamuzi Ezingahlala Ngayo Zinolwazi Futhi Zihlanganyela Ngayo

Nansi indlela yokuhlala phezu kwemithetho ethinta wena, nezwi lakho lizwiwe:

  • Funda iKhodi Yakho kaMasipala: Thola idolobha lakho noma ikhodi lesifundazwe ku-inthanethi. Ibhekthi yengxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni kwakho(indawo, umsindo, izilwane, i-paking. Amakhodi amaningi manje ane-PDF noma izinguqulo ze-HTML.
  • Imihlangano yomphakathi ebanzi:[ imihlangano yomkhandlu wasedolobheni, ukuhlelwa kwemikhandlu, nokuhlangana komphakathi kulapho kuphikiswana khona ngemithetho. Ama-Agena abekwa khona kusengaphambili. Uyakwazi ukukhuluma phakathi neziphetho zomphakathi. Amatheku e-Online ayenze kwaba lula kakhulu ukuhlanganyela kunanini ngaphambili.
  • Zibophelele ekuxhumaneni okungokomthetho: Isayinwa amapheshana edolobha, izixwayiso ze-imeyili, noma i-Seconday ukuze ithole ulwazi olusemthethweni. Amanye amadolobha futhi anezinhlelo zokubika ukuphulwa nokulandelelana kwemikhondo.
  • Ukuhlanganisa namaqembu azimele: Izahluko zendawo zeNhlangano yabesifazane, imifelandawo, nezinhlangano eziqondene nempikiswano (umz., amaqembu amalungelo ezindlu, imiphakathi elondolozwe ngokomlando) ngokuvamile zilandela izinguquko zemithetho futhi zinikeze isiqondiso.
  • Sebenzisa iziRecords Public Informations:[ Uma usola umthetho awusebenzi kahle noma ufuna ukuqonda ukwaziswa kokugcinwa komthetho, faka isicelo somphakathi ngaphansi kwenkululeko yolwazi. Lokhu kungaveza izilinganiso nokusekela ukugcinwa kwemithetho.
  • Isicelo noma iSinxushunxusho: Ohulumeni bendawo abaningi bamukela iziphakamiso zomthetho wezakhamuzi ngenqubo yesicelo (ngokuvamile ufuna inani elithile lezisayino). Ungacela futhi ukuba ilungu lomkhandlu wakho lizise umthetho] bangenza kanjalo uma kunokusekelwa okukhulu.
  • IChallenge Untel Ordinances: Uma ukholelwa ukuthi umthetho awugunyaziwe noma udlula igunya ledolobha, thinta ummeli osebenza ngohulumeni wendawo. Izinselele ezingokomthetho zingaholela ezinguqukweni, nakuba zibiza isikhathi.

Imithombo enjenge Nhlangano yesizwe yamadolobha kanye ne [[FLT] International City/Livery Management Association inikeza izinto zokufundisa ekwakheni i-athomu nasemikhubeni engcono kakhulu. Umbhalo okhethekile wekhodi, i-Municode [ igcina i-tecloclorate enkulu yezimiso zikamasipala.

Isiphetho

Imithetho yendawo ingaphezu kakhulu kwe-boureaucrate ebomvu-bomvu, − iyisimiso somthetho esilawula ukuphepha, ukuvuleka, nokuziphatha komphakathi wakini. Kusukela ekuphakameni kothango lwakho kuya emahoreni ongaba nezivakashi ezizolala, lemithetho ithinta ngokuqondile ukuphila kwakho kwansuku zonke. Ukuyiqonda ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise amalungelo akho ngokusemthethweni, ugweme amashende, futhi usebenzise idemokrati. Ngokuhlala ufundile, ufunda emihlanganweni yomphakathi, nangokusekela imithetho ebonisa izindinganiso zakho, uba umhlanganyeli okhuthele emsebenzini oqhubekayo wokwakha i-trated transport. Ngokulandelayo uzwa igabhamu elikude nge 7: 00.m. noma ubone “uphawu lokuthengisa ngemithetho kamakhelwane, wazi ukuthi ukhona, futhi ufeza indima ephambili.