Ukulondeka kokudla edolobheni kungenye yezinselele ezicindezela kakhulu ezibhekene nabaphathi bamadolobha namuhla. Njengoba amadolobha ekhula futhi ukucindezela kwesimo sezulu kukhula, kuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamuzi zonke ziyakwazi ukuthola ukudla okwanele, okulondekile, nokunomsoco zidinga amasu asemthethweni nentando yezombangazwe. Amamenenja amadolobha abekwe ngokukhethekile ekushintsheni kwezindawo eziphambanayo zeqembu eliwumphakathi. /Izimo ezikhudleke kakhulu zempilo yomphakathi, ukuthuthuka kwezomnotho, ukusetshenziswa kwendawo, kanye nezinkonzo zezenhlalo. Lesi sihloko sichaza izindlela ezingase-mthelela ukuqinisa izinhlelo zokudla zasedolobheni, ukunciphisa ukulingana kwezimiso, futhi ukwakha ukwakheka isikhathi eside. Icebo ngalinye lisekelwe ezibonelweni zangempela zezwe futhi lisekelwa ngobufakazi obuvela ezinhlanganweni zezimiso zokudla.

Ukuqonda Ukulondeka Kokudla Emadolobheni Ngekhulu Lama - 21

I-Food and Agriculture Organization ichaza ukudla kwasedolobheni ngokuthi kuyisimo lapho bonke abantu, ngazo zonke izikhathi, bekwazi khona ukuthola ukudla okungokomzimba, okungokwenhlalo, okungokwenhlalo, nokungokomnotho okwanele, okuphephile, nokunomsoco okuhlangabezana nezidingo zabo zokudla ukuze baphile kahle futhi benempilo. Edolobheni, lokhu kusho ukungagcini nje ngokuba khona kwabadayisi bezokudla, kodwa futhi nokulingana kwemali, nokulingana kobuthengwa.

[[FLT:] ibhekisela ekube khona kokudla ngokoqobo ezimakethe zedolobha, ezitolo, nasezitolo, nasendleleni ezihambelana ngqo. Access[ ihlanganisa ikhono lemikhaya lokufinyelela kulemithombo", ukuba khona, ngokuhamba, ngokuthutha, noma ngemoto yangasese, kanye nokuthenga ukudla okutholayo. [[FLT:]] UTCILD] uhamba ngaphandle kokwazi ukudla okuhlanganisa ukudla, iziko zokupheka, ukupheka, isimo sempilo. Okokugcina, [FLT:] [FLT] [F:] ukuphumelela, kusho ukushaza izinhlekelele zemvelo, izingozi zezomnotho, i-patmotion,[5]

Ngokwe- FOO’S Urban Food Agenda, cishe amaphesenti angu-55 abantu emhlabeni manje ahlala emadolobheni, futhi lokhu kulindeleke ukuba kunyuke kuze kufinyelele kumaphesenti angaba ngu-70 ngo-2050. Njengoba amadolobha eyanda, ibanga phakathi kokukhiqizwa kokudla nokusetshenziswa likhula, okwenza abantu basemadolobheni babe sengozini enkulu yokubiza i-SITAM kanye nokuntenga. Isifo se-COVIVIID-19 saveza le miba yolwandle, kanye nokudla okuphumayo ezindaweni ezifunwayo futhi kudingwayo ngaphansi kwemibhobho.

Ngakho - ke abaphathi bedolobha kumelwe babheke ukulondeka kokudla hhayi njengenkonzo yezenhlala - kahle, kodwa njengesici esiyinhloko sezesisekelo sezakhiwo zasedolobheni.

Amasu Okuthuthukisa Ukulondeka Kokudla Emadolobheni

Sekela Ukukhiqizwa Kokudla Kwendawo

Izolimo zasemadolobheni zingaphezu nje kokuthambekela okukhona, kuyithuluzi eliqinisekisiwe lokuthuthukisa ukutholakala kokudla, ukuthuthukisa ukudla, nokuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa komphakathi. Abaphathi bamadolobha bangahlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwendawo ngokuguqula izimiso zokusebenzisa indawo, ukunikeza usizo lobuchwepheshe, nokutshala imali ezinjukwini ezihlukene.

Ukuzinza nokungena kwezwe. Amadolobha amaningi anemithetho ephelelwe yisikhathi enqabela ukulima ezindaweni zokuhlala noma zezentengiselwano. Ukuvuselela lemithetho yokuvula lezi zindawo ukuze kuvunyelwe ukulima emadolobheni njengokusetshenziswa okuvunyelwe, noma ukwakha izindawo zokuhlanganisa ukudla .Urban Agriculture Ordance, okunikeza indawo esobala yokuvula izakhiwo, nezindawo zomphakathi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, idolobha laseDetroit liye laguqula izinkulungwane zamaphasethi angasasebenzi abe amapulazi abe amansimu omphakathi namapulazi amapulazi asemadolobheni akhona

Izinhlelo ezisemthethweni nezingangeni manzi. ukusekela okuqondile ngokwezimali kwehlisa isithiyo sokungena kubalimi abasha. Izinhlelo ezihlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwenhlabathi, ukuthengwa kwembewu, imishini yokunisela, nezakhiwo zenkathi yonyaka zingakhuphuka ngokuphawulekayo. Amadolobha anjengeMilwaukee aye asebenzisa iziphakamiso zomphakathi ukuze axhase ipulazi elisedolobheni elingenisa abalimi abashayeli, aqeqeshe izakhamuzi ukuba zibe abakhiqizi bokudla.

Izakhiwo ezabelanayo. Ukumisa izakhiwo zomquba, imitapo yamathuluzi, namakhishi okulungisa inciphisa izindleko zaphezulu zabalimi abancane. Isimiso se-Denver se-“Food Acces and Community Gard Program". Abasebenza nohlelo lwezenzuzo ukuze bavule indawo namanzi ngaphandle kwezindleko, futhi idolobha lilondoloza izisebenzi zabaqondisi bezolimo abaqhubeka beqeqesha.

2. Thuthukisa Amanethi Okudla

Ngisho noma ukudla kukhiqizwa endaweni yakini, kungase kungafinyeleli ezindaweni ezikudinga kakhulu. Ukudla okuwugwadule (_aress okungenakho ukukhokha ukudla okungabizi nokunempilo) okungabizi kakhulu (hhayi-akthrod this) emadolobheni embulunga yonke. Abaphathi bedolobha bangavala lezindawo ngokuqinisa izakhiwo zokusakaza nokungenisa izitolo zokudla ezintsha.

Izimakethe namabhizinisi okuthutha. Imishini yokuthutha imoto ikhiqiza amaloli nezinhlelo zokukhokhela isikhokhelo ingaletha ngokuqondile izithelo nemifino emiphakathini egciniwe. Idolobha laseBaltimore lasungula “uhlelo lwe-Baltimarket”, oluthumela izimakethe zabalimi ezihambayo ezindaweni ezisezindaweni ezingenayo isitolo esikhulu. Uhlelo lusebenzisa ikhokhiwo ekwazini lokukhokha inzuzo.

Ubudlelwano bomuntu siqu nabathengisi besitolo. Amanye amadolobha anikeza izikhawu zentela noma amabhonasi emakethe avuleka ezingwadule zokudla. Imali yedolobha “Imali yokuthenga” yahlanganiswa nezibopho zokuthenga ezitolo ezingenisa izimpahla eziphansi, ukwandisa ukutholakala kokudla okusha kwezakhamuzi ezingaphezu kuka - 100 000.

Ukufakwa kweminyebe yokugcina. Imigwaqo yasemadolobheni egcwele kanye nezindawo ezilinganiselwe zokulayisha kungavimbela ukuhanjiswa kokudla. Izindawo ezinikezelwe, ukususwa ekuthutheni, nokusekela izimiso “ze-hub-ne-izwi”." Lapho ukudla kuthunyelwa ekhishini eliphakathi noma enqolobaneni futhi kwabelwe emagumbini omphakathi. Idolobha laseNew York“ lithuthukisa i-NYC. Icebo lokuthutha impahla lihlanganisa ukutusa okungcono kwempahla ethunyelwa emadolobheni, ikakhulukazi ukudla.

3. Izinhlelo Zokusiza Ngokudla Nezinga Elilinganiselwe

Usizo lokudla luseyisivikelo esibucayi, kodwa izinhlelo ezivamile ezinjenge - pantry orthry ne - SNAP (Isimiso Sokusiza Abagulayo Ngezokudla) zinganwetshwa futhi zithuthukiswe ukuze zifinyelele abantu abengeziwe ngesithunzi esikhulu.

Izikhombisi zokudla ezithi digital kanye “nezinhlelo zokunikezwa. Amamenenja amaningi amadolobha manje asebenzisana nezimiso zezempilo zendawo ukuze anikeze imikhiqizo yezithelo nemifino. ELos Angeles, i-Good Shepherd Health System inikeza izintengo ezihlawulelwayo ezimaketheni abalimi abanezimo ezihlobene nokudla. Idolobha lisekela lomzamo ngokukhokhela izindleko zentengiselwano nangokunikeza amakilasi emfundo ezokudla kulezomakethengiso.

Ukwanda kokudla okunezinto ezidliwayo. Isikole sasekhaya sodwa nezinhlelo zokudla kwasemini kunciphisa ihlazo futhi kuqinisekisa abantwana ukuba bathole ukudla okunomsoco kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bahola malini ekhaya. Abaphathi bamaDolobha bangasebenza nezifunda zesikole ukuze basebenzise amalungiselelo omphakathi futhi badlulisele inkonzo yokudla ezinyangeni zasehlobo. Uhlelo lweChicago “Izidlo Ezinhlezelelweyo”, zihambisana neChicago Park Distric, zinikeze ukudla okungaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu ngo-2023 emapaki, amathala, nezikole.

Ukuthola i-SNAP ne-WIC. Izithiyo ezifana nesidingo engxoxweni ye-person noma amaphepha ayinkimbinkimbi anqanda imikhaya efanelekayo ukuba ingasebenzisi. Amanye amadolobha akha amatheku e-inthanethi emakhaya athola ezinye izinzuzo ezihlolwayo. I-San Antonio isebenzisa isicelo esisodwa se-SNAP, WIC, kanye nesimiso sokuhlola ukuswela kwemali, ukunciphisa umthwalo wokuphatha nokuhlanganyela kwe-equand ngamaphesenti angu-18.

4. Tsheshisa Izimiso Zokudla Ezilondolozwayo

Ukuzinzisa nokuphepha kokudla kuyahambisana. Ukungangeni ekulimeni kuthoba inhlabathi, kungcolise amanzi, futhi kunengxenye ekushintsheni isimo sezulu (okungabangela ukukhiqizwa kwesivuno sesikhathi esizayo). Abaphathi bamadolobha bangamukela izimiso ezinciphisa udoti, zikhuthaze izindlela zokuvuselela izitshalo, futhi basekele ukudla okulandelayo.

Ukunciphisa ukulahleka kokudla nokulahlwa. Ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zokudla okukhiqizwa emhlabeni wonke iyalahleka noma inciphe. Izinhlelo zomquba kaMasipala, ukuvinjelwa kokudla okuthengiselwayo, nemikhankaso yezemfundo ingasusa izinto eziphilayo ekugcwaliseni umhlaba. Imithetho ye-compostation cologing ifinyelela izinga eliwu-70% lokuzilibazisa edolobheni lonke, futhi i-compost ewumphumela isetshenziselwa ukufumisa izingadi zasedolobheni.

Ithengiselwa ezolimo ezikhiqizwayo nezivunyelelweyo. Ngokunikeza izisusa zentela ze-octive creaty noma ngokunikeza usizo lobuchwepheshe lokungalimi okungashiyi, amadolobha angasiza abalimi bendawo ukuba basebenzise imikhuba eyakha ikhabhoni enhlabathini futhi banciphise izinto ezifakwa yikhemichiza yamakhemikhali. I-Portland, “Icebo le-Oregorite Act Project Plan” ihlanganisa amalungiselelo okuvala izakhi ngokuxhumanisa amapulazi asedolobheni nemfucucu yokudla.

Izimiso zokuthola imali esemthethweni. Izinhlangano zasedolobheni `Izikole, izibhedlela, amajele] zisebenzisa izinkulungwane zezigidi zokudla minyaka yonke. Ukuguqula lezi zivumelwano ngokuya endaweni, okungaxhakathi, nokufanelekile abathengisi bezomphakathi kuthumela isibonakaliso esinamandla kakhulu. I-“Good Purchasing Program,” eyamukelwa yi-Chicago, i-Los Angeles, ne-Austin, imisa izindinganiso zenhlala ehlala kahle, ukulondolozwa kwendawo, ukugcinwa kwemisebenzi esendaweni, ukugcinwa kwemisebenzi esemthethweni.

Ukuhlanganyela Nomandla Omphakathi Wamaduna

Izindlela eziphezulu eziphansi zizodwa azikwazi ukuxazulula ukungalondeki kokudla. Izakhamuzi kumelwe zibe nezwi ekuhleleni izimiso ezithinta ukuphila kwazo kwansuku zonke. Imiphakathi enamandla kakhulu ingasekela imisebenzi yokudla futhi igcine izinhlangano zinecala.

Izimiso zokudla. Lemikhakha exhumene ihlanganisa izakhamuzi, okungekho inzuzo, iminyango yedolobha, namabhizinisi ukuze acebise ngenqubo ehlobene nokudla. I-Potody Policy Networks Iprojekthi yemikhankaso yokuthi imikhankaso engaphezulu kuka-300 yokudla ikhona eNyakatho Melika. Imikhandlu ingaqhuba izimiso zokudla, ihloba izinhlelo zokulungisa imisha, futhi iqale iziviyo. EToronton, umkhandlu wafaka ngempumelelo “icebo lokudla” elihlanganisa impilo, intuthuko yezentengo, nendawo ezungezile, futhi i-portolis ngaphansi komqondisi oyedwa.

Ukuhlela imali yephalishi. Ukunika izakhamuzi ukulawula ngokuqondile ingxenye yemali esetshenziswa edolobheni kungaxhasa imisebenzi yokuphepha ukudla ehambisana nezinto eziza kuqala endaweni. Ukuhlanganyela ekuhleleni uhlelo lokusetshenziswa kwemali kuye kwasetshenziswa eNew York City ukunikezela ama-irandi ayizigidi ezingu-4,2 ezinhlelo zomphakathi ezikhululekile, amakilasi okupheka, kanye nokwanda kwepulazi.

Imfundo nesakhiwo sokukwazi ukuhlanganisa. imiboniso yokupheka, amasha okufundela ukudla, nezinhlelo zentsha zasengadini zakha amakhono okudla athatha isikhathi eside. Izinhlelo ezifakwe edolobheni zingagcinwa ezikhungweni zomphakathi, emitatsheni yomphakathi, nasezikoleni zomphakathi, nasezikoleni. “Ukudla kwe-Denver's“ njengenhlalo yezempilo” uhlelo lokuqeqesha izisebenzi zezempilo zomphakathi ukuba zihole emakilasini ekuphekeni ngemikhiqizo nangezingalayezo zokufunda.

6. Ukwaziswa Okusezingeni Lomoya Nobuchwepheshe Okuyisisulu

Imininingwane ye-alytics ingaveza amagebe okuthola ukudla, ukusebenza kohlelo lokulandela indlela, nokuphawula inani eliphakeme le-arikhi. Abaphathi bamadolobha kufanele bafake imali eqoqweni kokwaziswa nasemazandleni okubala ukuze bazise iqoqo lempahla.

GIS ibalazwe lokudla. Izimiso zokwaziswa ze-Goographic zingavala izindawo ezithengiswe esitolo, imizila yokuthutha, abathengisi be-SNAP abagunyaziwe, kanye namazinga obumpofu okukhomba izingwadule zokudla. I-Boston’s “Fod Acception Mepu” ikhona obala futhi ihlelwe kabusha, okwenza abahleli bomphakathi bakwazi ukumukela izitolo ezintsha noma izimaketheku lapho zidingeka khona kanye.

Ubalo lwesikhathi sangempela nokubikezela. Iziteshi ze-Unit zingahlanganisa izinhlangano zokuhlenga ukudla nezitolo ezithengisayo nezindawo zokudlela ezinamanzi. Amasampuli anjengesithi “Usizo Lokudla IHero” avumela abashayeli ukuba babone iminikelo ekhona futhi bathathe amaveni, baphambukise ukudla ukuze bakhoselele ekukhoseleni ngaphambi kokuba konakalise. Idolobha lase-Pittsburgh lisebenzisa inzuzo yendawo engekho yokuqondisa i-app, iphumele emakhilogremu angu-400 okudla okuhlengiwe ngonyaka wokuqala.

Izimiso zokungangeni mathupha. Ukwakha isango elilodwa ukuze kutholakale izinhlelo eziningi eziwusizo, “‘SNAP, WIC, ukudla okukhululekile kwesikole, nosizo oluphuthumayo, kunciphisa izindleko zokulawula futhi kwenza kube lula ngezakhamuzi ukusebenzisa. I-“Benefitturationationation System" ithuthukise amazinga okubala ngokuvumela imishini ukuba ihlole izinhlelo ze-octivenation.

7. Yakha Ukubhekana Nezithukuthuku Neziphazamiso Ezinde

Amapulani okuphepha kokudla kumelwe abangele izimo eziphuthumayo eziphuthumayo − amahurricania, ama - hitwave, izifo eziwubhadane, kanti kanye nokucindezeleka okungapheli okunjengokushintsha kwesimo sezulu nokungalingani kwezomnotho. Izimiso eziphinde zisetshenziswe zine - translate, zikwazi ukuvumelana nezimo, futhi zinamakethe aqinile okuzinika izinto.

Izindawo ezigciniwe zokudla nokusakazwa. Amadolobha angaqongelela ukudla okungashadiwe ezinqolobaneni ezisezindlini ezisemshadweni futhi ahambisane nezinhlangano zomphakathi ekutholeni izinto ezizosetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuba kubekwe indawo. Ngemva kweSiphepho uMaria ebhubhise iPuerto Rico, idolobha laseSan Juan manje ligcina indawo yokudla ephuthumayo kanye neqembu lamalolishi aneziqandisi angathunyelwa emahoreni ambalwa.

Ibonelela ngamaketanga aqiniswe. Ngokungaphezulu ngokuncika ekudilikeni kokudla okukodwa noma indawo kudala ukuchayeka. Izikhulu zezokuthola idolo zingahlanganisa izivumelwano zokuhlanganisa abathengisi abancane nabaphakathi, futhi zithuthukise izivumelwano zokuthenga ngokuqondile nabalimi bendawo. USDUM AURLIC ToRIC Tom Mickit[[FL:3]] zinikeza isiqondiso sokwakha imishini eqinile yokunikeza ukudla.

Ukujwayela ukujwayela amapulazi asemadolobheni. Ukuvutha, nesomiso kusongela amapulazi asemadolobheni kanye nasemaphandleni. Abaphathi bamadolobhe banganikeza isiqondiso emibhedeni ekhushulwe, ekuvuleni, ekuvuleni amanzi emvula, nasemithunzini. Bangathola futhi bathole indawo ephephile yezingadi ezihlala njalo zomphakathi.

Izindlela Zokuxoxa Nemithetho Emisha

Ngaphandle kwamasu achazwe ngenhla, abaphathi bamadolobha bangamukela izinto ezintsha ezishintsha zonke izindawo zokudla.

Intuthuko efinyelezwe ukudla (ukudla okuxutshwe)

Njengoba nje ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo ezihambelanayo kuhlobana nendawo esetshenziswa ekuthutheni, intuthuko esekelwe ekukhiqizweni kokudla nentuthuko yezentengiselwano elawula ngamabomu izindlu ezintsha kanye nokukhula okungokomnotho ekukhiqizweni nasekusakazweni. Ngokwesibonelo, intuthuko exubeneyo ingahlanganisa ihholo lemakethe eliphansi, isikhungo sokudla esinamakhaza ahlukene esigcina amakhaza ngaphansi kwegumbi elingaphansi, kanye nezingadi ezibekwe phezulu eziphahleni. Idolobha lingahlanganisa imisebenzi enjalo ngamabhonasi anzima, i-eceditecrect, futhi inciphise izimfuneko zokupaka ipaka. “indawo yesifunda sezentengiza” emisiwe ngo-2013, ikhuthaza abathuthukisi ukuba bafake ukukhiqiniswa kokudla ekwakhelweni okusha ngokukhokhwazwayo nokuncishwa kwemisele.

Ukuhlela ukudla emabhandeni asedolobheni

Amanye amadolobha aye akha “amabhande okudla” noma amaphasishi aluhlaza avikela amapulazi e-perikóurban ekujuleni. I-“greenbet” yaseToronto ivimbela ukukhula kwemiklamo emikhulu yezolimo ezungeze idolobha, iqinisekisa ukuthi ukudla okusha kuhlala kusendaweni ephakathi kwekhulu lama-100 akilometer. Izikhulu zomuzi zingasekela isivikelo samazwe afanayo nomsebenzi womasipala omakhelwane ohlela izinhlelo zokudla ezibanzi.

Ukuzivumelanisa Nemithetho Yokudla

Ukuqamba ukudla njengelungelo ngokomthetho kunikeza izakhamuzi ithuluzi lokufuna ukuthatha isinyathelo. I-São Paulo, eBrazil, yanikeza “ilungelo lokuthola ukudla okufanele” ngo-2015, ifuna ukuba idolobha lisungule izimiso eziqinisekisa ukutholakala kokudla kubo bonke. Nakuba imithetho enjalo ingavamile eNyakatho Melika, amadolobha amaningana ase-U.S. (kuhlanganise i-New York, i-Baltimore, nePortland) idlulise izinqumo zokuthi ukudla kungumuntu noma ukumisa ihhovisi lobulungisa lokudla. Lezi zenzo zokuhlahlela zivame ukuthatha izivumelwano zemali nezinhlelo zohlelo.

Isiphetho: Isimemo Sokuhola Nokubambisana

Ukulondeka kokudla akuyona inkinga noma iyiphi inhlangano engayixazulula iyodwa. Kudinga ukubambisana phakathi kokuhlela, impilo, ukuthuthuka kwezomnotho, ukukhucululwa kwendle, ezokuthutha, neminyango yemfundo. Kudinga ubuhlobo nezindawo ezingazuzisi, izinhlangano zemfundo, nezakhamuzi zomphakathi. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, kudinga abaphathi bamadolobha abazimisele ukusebenzisa amandla abo okuhlela, igunya lokuhlela, kanye nethonya emhlabeni ukuze bathuthukise ukudla njengezakhiwo zomphakathi ezibalulekile.

Ukukhiqizwa kokudla kwendawo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo eziqinile, izinhlelo zosizo, ukugcinwa komsebenzi, ukugada komphakathi, ukuhlasela kwe-data, nokuhlela ukuzivuselela konke kuyizingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zenqubo yokudla yasedolobheni elibanzi. Izibonelo eziqokonyiswe kulesihloko zibonisa ukuthi intuthuko ingenzeka, ngisho nasezintweni ezisebenza ngokuzimela. Ngokuthatha isimiso esiqaphela ukuncitshiswa kokudla, impilo, indawo ezungezile, kanye nemishini yokusebenza kungaqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamuzi zonke zasedolobheni zinesihlalo esisetafuleni.

Isikhathi sokuthatha isinyathelo manje. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukunikeza imithombo yezindawo, nokungalingani okukhulayo kuzomane kubangele ukucindezeleka kwezimiso zokudla zasedolobheni. Ngokubona kusengaphambili nangokuzibophezela okuqhubekayo, abaphathi bedolobha bangaguqula ukulondeka kokudla enhlekeleleni kube ithuba elingcono (ukuthuthukisa amadolobha anempilo, alungile, nanokuqina kakhulu ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.