Iziqondiso Zokuziphatha: Isizathu Sokuba Izimiso Zokuziphatha Zibe Ezibalulekile Emithethweni Yomphakathi

Umphakathi uhlela indlela ohulumeni abaguqula ngayo izindinganiso ezenzweni. Inquma ukuthi ubani othola lokho, lapho, futhi kanjani, futhi lokhu kwabelwayo kufeza isilinganiso esikhulu sokuziphatha. Izinqumo ezenziwa abenzi bezimiso zingena emazicini onke omphakathi, ezithinta ukufinyelela kwezempilo, ithuba lezomnotho, isivikelo semvelo, nenkululeko yomphakathi. Kodwa inqubo yokusebenza nokusebenzisa isimiso somsebenzi wobuchwepheshe ayivamile ukulinganisela okuhlanzekile. Kuyinto ejulile yomuntu, eklanywe ngezithakazelo eziphikisanayo, imfuno emfuthwaneni emfuthwaneni, futhi inxushubanisa imfuno phakathi kokulungile nokufanelekile. Lokhu kuhlala enhliziyweni yezimiso zomthetho womphakathi: ukulwa nokuzibopheka kobuqotho okuqinile kwezimiso zokuziphatha. Izinselele ezingcono, izinselele zezelule impumelelo ekwazi ukufinyelela impumelelo engokoqobo. Ukuqonda lokhu ukulingana nokulawula okusemthethweni; ukulawulwa okusemthethweni nje okulungile, okungancishiniswa kwemigomo yomthetho womphakathi, nakuba kuveza izindleko zezentengoso yomphakathi.

Izisekelo Zomthetho Womphakathi Ongokwesiko

Ukuchaza Izimiso Zokuziphatha E - Arena Ye - Polic

Izimiso zokuziphatha ezisemihlelweni yomphakathi akuyona imfundiso eyodwa kodwa iqoqo lezimo zokuziphatha okufanele zenzelwe kanjani. Amasiko amathathu amakhulu ezimiso abaluleke kakhulu abaluleke kakhulu. uhulumeni wezenzo [ ukwahlulela izenzo ngemiphumela yazo, ukufuna okuhle kakhulu kwenani elikhulu. Lombono ulawula izindleko zenqubo yokuhlola nokuhlola nobufakazi obusekelwe ezingenisweni. [[FLT:] [[FLT]] izimiso zokuziphatha , ezihlobene no-Imklom, zigcizelela imisebenzi kanye namalungelo ekwazisweni okunikezwayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isibonelo, ukuhleleka okungakho kwenqubo efanelekile noma ukuvilekwa kokuhlulwa kokuhlushwa. [FLT:]

INsika Yobuqotho

Ubuqotho enkonzweni yomphakathi busho okungaphezu kokugwema nje ukonakala. Kuhlanganisa ukwethembeka ekusebenzelaneni nokukhulumisana, ukungaguquguquki kwezimiso ezishiwo phakathi kwezindinganiso nezenzo, nokwenqaba ngokuqinile ukubeka inzuzo yangasese ngaphezu kwesithakazelo somphakathi. Ubuqotho buyitshe elibangela ukwethembana. Uma izakhamuzi zikholelwa ukuthi abaholi bazo benza ngobuqotho, zithambekele kakhulu ekuhambisaneni nemithetho, zihlanganyela ekuphileni komphakathi, futhi zivume ukukhetha okunzima. Ngokuphambene, amahlazo ezimiso zezimiso zemithetho. Ngokuphambene, amahlazo emalini, noma esimilo esifanele ukuthembela ngokushesha nokuyilungisa. Ukucwaninga nge-OECD kubonisa njalo ukuthi amazinga aphakeme okuthemba umphakathi ahlangene nemiphumelo engcono, kuhlanganise nokulalela intela ephakeme nokuzimisela okukhulu ukusekela izinguquko. Umthetho wobuqotho uveza ukuvumelana nokunye ukukholeka kwazo ngokushesha.

Ukuphumelela

Ukuphumelela kubuza umbuzo olulula ngokukhohlisayo: ingabe inqubo iyasebenza? Nokho ukulinganisela ukuphumelela kugcwele ubunkimbinkimbi. Inqubo ephumelelayo kumele ifeze imigomo yayo eshiwoyo ngaphandle kokubangela imiphumela engathandeki, futhi kumelwe ikwenze ngempumelelo, isebenzise imithombo yemali. Lokhu kudinga ubufakazi obuqinile "$randomedized ques" lapho kunokwenzeka, i-quasi-argement commentationstings, kanye nokuhlola okuqhubekayo. Inqubo esekelwe esekelwe enqubweni yemithetho yezimiso iye yazuza impumelelo enkulu emashumini eminyaka amuva, ngezinhlangano ezifana ne[FLT: 0] i-Abul Latkel Poverty Active Active quence, kodwa inciphisa ukufaneleka kobuqotho, kodwa inciphe kakhulu. Izimiso zokuhlola ngokuqinile kwezemfundo, futhi ayinciphiswe kakhulu. Impoqo engoko yemithetho kahulumeni.

Izinselele Ezibangelwa Ukungezwani Nobuqotho Nokuphumelela

Ukucindezela Kwezombangazwe Nokungabi Nalutho

Mhlawumbe inselele egcwele kakhulu ukucindezela kokuveza imiphumela esheshayo, ebonakalayo. Izikhulu eziqashelwayo zibhekana nokhetho oluvamile njalo eminyakeni emibili kuya kweyisithupha, zidala isikhuthazo esinamandla sokuvumela izinqubo ngokuzinika inzuzo yesikhashana kulezo ezidinga ukutshala isikhathi eside noma ukubeka izindleko ezibanzi. Lokhu kuphoqelela okufushane kungqubuzana nobuqotho uma abenzi bemithetho bentela benquma amagumbi aseduze", besusa uhlelo olufanele, befihla imiphumela emibi, noma befaka izinzuzo zokuguqula i-Rhoversecovory. Ukucindezela kuyingozi kakhulu kuleyo ekwamukelekeni komphakathi, lapho ukusabela kombono womphakathi kuyimfanelo ehlala isikhathi eside. Isibonelo, abaholi bentela abahoxa benziwa ngokuthandwayo kodwa bengenangqondo, ukugxazulula inqubo yokukhomba ukukhomba ukukhomba okunga kahle.

Ukonakala Nokufuna Imali

Ukonakala kuwukwephulwa okusobala kakhulu kobuqotho emphakathini. Kusukela ekufumbathiseni okuncane kuya ezimisweni ezinkulu zikahulumeni, lapho izinzuzo zomuntu siqu zithumba khona umthetho futhi zilawula khona. Ukonakala akukona nje kuphela okungavumelekile kodwa futhi kuyalimaza. Imithombo ibhuntsha iphambaniswe, izisekelo azilungile, futhi umthetho awuqinile, futhi umthetho uyawohloka. IBhange lilinganisela ukuthi ngaphezu kukaR1,000 yezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zemali ikhokhwatshwa ngokufumbathiswa unyaka ngamunye, futhi inkohlakalo inezela ama-20% ezindlekweni zikahulumeni. Ukulwa kwenkohlakalo kudinga izinhlangano eziqinile: izinkonzo ezizimele, izindikimba eziqinile, ukuhlolwa kweminyango, ukubungaza komphakathi, nokuhlola umphakathi. Kodwa ngisho nasezimisweni ezihlanzekile, izinhloboni zokufuna ukuqasha eziqhubekayo, njengoba ziqhubeka zikhomba izinhlangano zeze zeze zeze zezokuphatha.

Ukuyinkimbinkimbi Nokungaqiniseki

Izindlela eziningi ezicindezelayo zinzima ukubikezela imiphumela emihle noma ngisho nokuvumelana ngokuthi yini ebangela imiphumela emihle. Kule mikhakha, ukuguquguquka kobuhlakani, ukuhlelwa kobuhlakani, ukuhlelwa kobunkimbini okungaqiniseki kakhulu. Imithetho eqinile, ukuqashelwa okuqinile, ukuqiniswa kwemithetho eqinile, nokwesaba ukwenza iphutha. Ngokungafani nokuyithatha njengenzuzo, ukugxila ekuphumeleleni kokungathathi hlangothini kwemiphakathi. Inselele ingenzelo ekwenza ukwenze ukwenze ukwenze utho lwendlela oluphansi, kuyilapho uhlala uthobekile ngemingcele yolwazi lwethu, nangezindlela zokufunda. Umqondo [FL:] oqinile, nowokungalawuleki [FFFF] [1] ngokuthembisa ukuthatha isinyathelo sokuthatha isinyathelo, nokuqinisekisa, futhi ukulinganisa izinhloso.

Ukuhlola Okusemithonjeni Yezindaba Nombono Womphakathi

Kuyo yonke inkathi yemijikelezo yezindaba yamahora angu-24 kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yezokuxhumana, abakhi bezimiso basebenza ngesibonakhulu. Ukuthatha izihloko zezindaba noma ukuthatha inyathelo elibanzi noma elibonakalayo kungayilawula yonke into. Lokhu kuhlola kungathuthukisa ukulandisa, kodwa kungaphoqelela abenzi bemithetho ukuba bavikele, bafake izingozi ezisebenzayo. Ngokwesibonelo, umthetho owenziwe kahle othuthukisa imiphumela yempilo kodwa othatha ingozi encane yezenzakalo ezimbi ungalahlwa ngenxa yokuthatheka kalula. Ngokufanayo, ukwesaba ukubizwa ngokuthi “i-corrupt” noma“ i-abigconetic quent. Ukugcina ubuqotho ngaphansi kokucindezelwa kwemithombo yezindaba kudinga isikhumba esiqinile, isimiso esicacile esingoko ngokokuziphatha, nokuzimisela ukuchaza izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ngaphandle kwezokuxhumana ezithandwa umphakathi.

Izinyathelo Zokulinganisela Ubuqotho Nokuphumelela

Ukusungula Iziqondiso Zesayensi Yemvelo

Izimiso azinakushiywa kunembeza womuntu ngamunye kuphela. Izinhlangano zidinga imithetho yokuziphatha ecacile, ephoqelelwe esho ukuziphatha okwamukelekayo, ukuphikisana-kakhulu, nezinqubo zokubika ukwaphulwa kwemithetho. Lezi ziqondiso kufanele zivezwe ngokufakwa kohlu olubanzi lwababheki futhi zibukezwe njalo ukuze zihlale zibalulekile. Ngokwesibonelo, iMithetho ye-OLD [ECD] ye-Nagnity Ethics kwi- Services inikeza ukuhola okubanzi, ukuphatha, nokulandisa. Nokho, i-sethi yezimiso zokuziphatha kusebenza kahle kuphela njengokusebenza kwayo. Ikhomisha yokuvikela, ukuphehla kwemilosi, nokulungisa i-appliser, nezinqubo ezibonisayokusetshenziswayo kubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenziseni izimiso zezimiso.

Ukuthuthukisa Ukubona Izindawo Ngokubona Okusobala Nokulandisa

Ukubona ukukhanya kwelanga okuhlukanisa inqubo yomphakathi. Uma kwenziwa ngemva kweminyango evaliwe, amathuba okuxhashazwa ayanda. Ngokuhlukile, ukuvuleka kwemizuzu yesinqumo ekhona (imizuzu yemihlangano), izinhlelo ezifinyelelekayo zokusebenzisa nemiphumela, nezincazelo ezicacile zezimiso zemithetho zicacisa izakhamuzi, izintatheli, nokuqapha ukuze kugcinwe uhulumeni unecala. Ukubona kude futhi kuthuthukisa amandla ngokukwazi ukucubungula imininingwane yangaphandle nezindlela, okungabamba amaphutha nokuthuthukisa indlela yokusebenza. Uvule umbangowo wombuso usiza amazwe amaningi amukela izinguquko. Kodwa ukubonakala akuyona indawo engaphandle. Ulwazi lungakhungathekisa futhi lungadidengwa kakhulu, futhi lungasetshenziswa ngokufuna ukuboniswa ngezindlela eziyingozi. Ngokunjalo, [[FLT.0] izikhulu zezikhulu ze-ommodulknstting projectivessssss, izinhlangano eziphambili zezindawo eziphambili ze-emplempempempempempe, kodwa zivuse, kodwa zivuse, zivuselele

Ukusebenzisa Izindlela Ezingafani

Ukwenza izimiso kudinga ukulalela labo abathinteka ngezinqumo, ikakhulukazi amaqembu ancishisiwe nangavikelekile. Ukuthembisana ngecala kuvame ukulahlwa njengokuvivinya ibhokisi lokuphonsa, kodwa uma kwenziwa ngokufanele kungathuthukisa kokubili ubuqotho nokuphumelela. Ngokombono wobuqotho, izimpawu zokuthi umamenzi wezimiso uhlonipha isithunzi nezinhlangano zezakhamuzi. Ngokusebenza kahle, kunikeza ulwazi olubalulekile lwasendaweni, kwembula imiphumela engahlelekile, futhi kwakhe ukuthengwa kwezenhlalo okudingekile ekufezekeni okuphumelelayo. Izindlela zokuhlanganisa izinhlelo ezingokwesiko zedolobha zokuhlola isithunzi, izakhamuzi, imikhakhakha. Isihluthulelo siwukuhlela izinqubo ezizenza ngokungagudli ngempela futhi ezizandlekayo, esikhundleni sokuzinqinisela nje ezinqumweni zokugcina. [FURGUT] [0]

Ukwakha Isiko Lobuqotho

Imithetho iyodwa ayinakuqinisekisa ukuziphatha okuhle. Amazwe onakele kakhulu ngokuvamile anemithetho eningiliziwe. Okubalulekile ekugcineni yisiko phakathi kwezinhlangano zomphakathi − izindinganiso, izindinganiso, namathemba alolonga usuku nosuku. Ukwethembeka kwakheka ngokuhola ngesibonelo, ukuqeqesha okudlula ukukhuthaza ukuqondisana ngokokuziphatha, nokuqaphela izimiso ezivuza ukuziphatha okuhle kunokumane nje imiphumela. Imisebenzi yesizwe yase-Singapore iyaziwa ngenxa yobuqotho bayo obuphakeme, ngokuncintisana, ngokukhetha okuqinile, nangokulawula ngendlela eqinile yokuziphatha okubi. Kodwa futhi ukuqeqesha okuhambisana nophawu oluthi luyo luvumela noma yiziphi izindlela zokuziphatha okuhle, noma uma kuvela amaphutha. Izenzo zomthetho zidinga ukukhohlakazeka ngokushesha.

Ukusebenzisa Izimiso Zokuziphatha Ekwenzeni Isinqumo

Uma bebhekene nokukhetha okunzima, abakhi bezimiso bangazuza emahlelweni ezimiso ezihlelelwe ukuba zibaphoqelele ukuba bacabangele imibono eminingi. Indlela esetshenziswa kakhulu yi- ditrix engokwe-athetic , esungulwe nguBen Mepham, ohlelwe amakhamethi ezimiso ezimelene nezimiso ezifana nenzuzo, inzuzo, nokungalingani. Enye i- i-'uhlu lwezimiso ezihambayo olusetshenziswa yizinhlangano eziningi zikahulumeni: yazi inkinga; ihlaziya imiphumela yazo zonke iziphathi-mathingi; ihlola imisebenzi ethintanayo; ihlola imisebenzi efanelekile nelungelo; ihlola izimiso ezingoko; yenza isinqumo nokulungisa; iziphumo nokulungisa. Izimiso ezinjalo azinikezi izimpendulo ezizenzakahle, kodwa zivimbela futhi zivimbele umbono ongaphandle. Zingabuye zinikeze ukulandisa, futhi zibuye zilungise ukulandisa.

Ukuhlola Icala: Izifundo Ezitholakala Emigqeni Engaphambili

I - Afford Care Act (United States)

I-ACA, eyaziwa futhi ngokuthi i-Obamacare, iyisifundo esicindezelayo ekucindezelekeni kobuqotho. Umgomo wayo kwakuwukunweba umshuwalense wempilo wamashumi ezigidi zabantu baseMelika abangakhohliswanga − okuyimfanelo ecacile esekelwe esimisweni sokuthi ukukhathalela impilo kulungile. Nokho, isimo sezombangazwe sasinonya kakhulu. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukudlula, ukuphatha i-Obama kwenziwa kwahlehla amandla enkambisweni: ukhetho lwasobala lwafakwa ngempoqo, izinhlangano ze-mishuwalensela, futhi i-Mica enzile kakhulu, futhi ukunkimbiswa komthetho okuyinkimbinkimbi okudalwe yisidingo. Abaxhasi baphikisa ukuthi umsuka ekuhlulekeni, kwakungcono kunokuhluleka; abaphikisi baphikisa baphikisa ukuthi ukuwohloka kwesimiso sobuqotho esisebusweni. Eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva, i-AA enziwa kakhulu, kodwa ezikhathini eziningi zesobunxele, futhi benqaba kakhulu ukuba bavume ngokunyenyaza ngokunye.

I - Chrood Sect (United States)

I-Ceac Air Act ka-1970 kanye nokulungisa kwayo okulandelayo kubonisa indlela ukuthembeka kwendawo ezungezile okungavunyelelwa ngayo ngokuphumelela kwezomnotho. Umgomo woMthetho wawuwukuvikela impilo yomphakathi nendawo ezungezile ekungcoliseni komoya − mayelana nobuqotho obunikezwa inani lomoya ongcolile emiphakathini esengozini. Amahlelo emboni abikezela inhlekelele yezomnotho, aphikisa ukuthi izindinganiso eziqinile ziyobhubhisa imisebenzi nokuncintisana. Nokho, ngenhlanganisela yezimiso zezentengiselwano zezentengiselwano (ukuhweba ngezentengiselwano), izindinganiso zobuchwepheshe zokulawula, kanye nokugcinwa kwemithetho eqinile, i-Act inciphise ngokuphawulekayo izinto ezivamile eziyizingu-70% ngesilinganiso. Indaba ibonisa ukuthi ubuqotho nokuphumelela okungahleli kahle kungaletha kokubili. Impumelelo ekwazini ukusekela ukuhlelwa kwezindlela ezihlukene, ukuhlelwa nokugcinwa kwezindleko eziqhubekayo.

Uvivinyo Oluyisisekelo Lwemali Etholwa Imbulunga Yonke

Universal Income Insvome (UBI) imelela umqondo wesibindi: ukunika isakhamuzi ngasinye imali ekhokhelwa njalo. Abasekeli baphikisa ngokuthi i-UBI isekela isimiso sobuqotho sokuhlonipha ukuzimela komuntu ngamunye, kanti abaphikisi bakhathazekile ngokuncika nokuzinziswa kwezisebenzi. Izilingo eziningi .[1] eFinland, eKenya, eCanada, nase-United States (eye yavivinya ukuphumelela kwe-UBI. imiphumela yakuqala i-UBI ikhutshazwa: UBI inciphisa ubumpofu futhi ithuthukisa impilo yengqondo, kodwa inemiphumela emincane ekunikezeleni imisebenzi eminingi. Nokho, ukunyukela esimisweni sesizwe esihlala sikhona ngokwezombangazwe nangokwezomnotho. Ukuvivinya ngokwako kuphakamisa imibuzo engokokuhlela amathemba kodwa ekugcineni, ngendlela yokuqinisekisa amaqembu alungile. Isifundo esingcono kakhulu siwusizo kakhulu ekubonelweni kweminye i-UB, kodwa kuvumelana kwezimiso zobuqotho zobuphini lokufunda.

Ukusabela Okuwukungazethembi: Ukulinganisela Okucophelelayo

Isifo se-COVOID-19 sabangela izinkinga ezibuhlungu ezingokokuziphatha emitweni yezihloko nsuku zonke. Ama-cockdown avikela impilo (ukuqina kokuphila) kodwa abangela ukuwohloka kwezomnotho kanye nezithiyo zemfundo (impumelelo yezenhlalakahle iyonke). I-Vaccine igunyaza inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye emelene nempilo yomphakathi. Imithetho engokomthetho ephoqelela ukuba kukhethwe abaphumeli abambalwa. Ohulumeni abakhuluma ngokucace kakhulu qhaqhaqhaqhazelela nokuchaza ukungaqiniseki nokungaqiniseki kwentengi nokunga okungokongakho. Labo abafihla ukwaziswa noma ababangela amandla ombuso womphakathi alahlekelwa ukuthembeka. Umqedazwelo ugcizelela ukuthi inqubo yokuziphatha ayidingi nje kuphela izinhloso zokubulala abantu kodwa futhi ilulaza, ukuthobeka phambi kolwazi oluhambisana nokuzinziwa kakhulu.

Isiphetho: Ekutheni Kuzobekwa Isimiso Esinezimiso

Izimiso zokuziphatha zomphakathi azinakuncishiswa zibe yindlela elula. Ubuqotho ngaphandle kokuphumelela buba yisici esingenangqondo; ukuphumelela ngaphandle kobuqotho kuba yisimo esinzima. Umsebenzi womenzi wezimiso zokusebenza okuhle ukubambelela kuzo zombili izindinganiso ekucindezelekeni okunenzuzo, ungalokothi udele ezinye ngaphandle kokuqaphela okugcwele izindleko. Lokhu kudinga izinhlangano eziqinile, izinqubo ezibonisa izimpawu ezihlukene, kanye nomphakathi ozigubha isibindi sokuziphatha esiqine kakhulu njengekhono lobuchwepheshe. Njengoba imiphakathi ibhekene nezinselele ezingakaze zivele zibe khona kumandla okulawula isimo sezulu. Isidingo sezimiso zezimiso zezimiso ze-pragmat asikaze sibe sikhulu. Izimiso zomphakathi ezingafanele nje kuphela ziphumelele kodwa ziphumelele, hhayi nje kuphela ukuzibophana kodwa nokuzinzisa kahle. Ukulinganisela okuhambisana nokulinganisela okukhulu kakhulu kwenkonzo yomphakathi.