Table of Contents

IBill of Rights ifana nenye yezincwadi ezibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni waseMelika, isebenza njengesisekelo senkululeko yomuntu ngamunye nesivikelo kuhulumeni ophathwe kabi. Lezi zinguquko zokuqala eziyishumi kumthetho-sisekelo wase-United States ziqinisekisa inkululeko eyisisekelo yokuthi isakhamuzi ngasinye kufanele siqonde futhi sikwazi ukusebenzisa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumfundi, ungochwepheshe, noma uyisakhamuzi esikhathazekile, ukwazi amalungelo akho ukukunika amandla okulawula izimo ezingokomthetho ngokuqiniseka futhi uzivikele ekuthatheni imingcele. Lesiqondiso esibanzi sihlola izindlela eziwusizo, ezifinyelelekayo zokwazi ukufunda ngamalungelo akho ngaphansi kwe-Bill of Rights, ekunikezeni ulwazi nemithombo edingekile ukuze ube ilungu elinolwazi futhi elikhokhelwe umphakathi.

Ukuqonda Umlando Wencwadi Yamalungelo Abantu

Ngaphambi kokuba ungene ezindleleni eziqondile zokufunda amalungelo akho, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kungani iBhili yamaLungelo ikhona nokuthi yini eyabangela ukuba likhiqizwe. I-Bill of Rights yagunyazwa ngo-1791, eminyakeni embalwa nje ngemva kokuba uMthetho-sisekelo wamukeleka. Abaningi babaFata abaFundiweyo nabameleli bakahulumeni babesaba ukuthi uhulumeni omusha ungaba namandla kakhulu futhi uthathe inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye, njengasebusweni baseBrithani.

Abalweli be-Antifederalist, abaphikisana nokudukiswa koMthetho-sisekelo ngaphandle kokuvikelwa okucacile kwamalungelo abantu, bafeza indima ebalulekile ekufuneni lezi zinguquko. Izinkinga zabo zaholela ekuyekethiseni: UMthetho-sisekelo wawungagunyazwa, kodwa izinguquko ezivikela inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye zaziyonezelwa ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho. Lomongo ongokomlando usiza ekuchazeni ukuthi kungani lamalungelo ebaluleke kangaka kuhulumeni wentando yeningi waseMelika nokuthi kungani ukuwaqonda kusabalulekile namuhla.

IBill of Rights yayiklanyelwe ukulinganisela amandla kahulumeni kahulumeni futhi ivikele izakhamuzi ebushiqelani. Ukulungisa ngakunye ukuxoxa ngezinkathazo eziqondile ezivela kokuhlangenwe nakho kwamakoloni ngaphansi kokubusa kwaseBrithani, kuhlanganise nemingcele evimbela ukukhulumela ngokukhululekile, ukuphenya okungenangqondo, nokuthatha inxenye yamasosha emizini yabantu. Ngokuqonda lesisizinda esingokomlando, uzuza ukwazisa okujulile ngokuthi kungani lendaba yamalungelo kanye nendlela aqhubeka ehlela ngayo umphakathi waseMelika.

Funda Futhi Uhlole Umbhalo Wokuqala Wencwadi Yamalungelo Abantu

Indlela eqondile nenegunya kakhulu yokuqonda amalungelo akho omthetho-sisekelo iwukufunda umbhalo ongokoqobo weBhili lamaLungelo. Nakuba ulimi lungase lubonakale lulungile noma luyisidala ekuqaleni, izinguquko zimfushane futhi zifinyele uma ziqhathaniswa nezincwadi eziningi ezingokomthetho. Ukufunda umbhalo wokuqala kukuvumela ukuba wakhe ukuqonda kwakho ngaphandle kokuncika ezincazelweni ezivela emithonjeni evamile kuphela.

Ukuphula Isinqumo Ngasinye

Lenguquko ivimbela uMkhandlu ekumiseni inkolo engokomthetho noma ekunqandeni ukusebenzisa inkolo ngenkululeko, futhi ivikela ilungelo lakho lokuveza imizwa yakho, ukusakaza imibono, ukuhlanganisa ngokuthula, nokunxusa uhulumeni ukuba alungise izikhalo.

ISichibiyelo Sesibili sikhuluma ngelungelo lokugcina nokuphatha izikhali, isihloko sempikiswano nencazelo eqhubekayo.ISichibiyelo Sesithathu sinqabela uhulumeni ukuba aphoqelele izakhamuzi ukuba zingene emakhaya azo amasosha ayizingxenye zesine ngesikhathi sokuthula, ukusabela okuqondile emikhubeni yaseBrithani ngaphambi kweMpi Yokuziphendukela Kwemvelo.

ISichibiyelo sesine sivikela ekuphenyisweni okungacabangeki nokuquleka, sifuna ukuba umthetho uthole izimvume ezisekelwe entweni okungenzeka ibangelwe ngaphambi kokuhlola indawo yakho noma umuntu. Lokhu kulungisa isisekelo samalungelo ezindaba zomuntu siqu nemingcele yamandla amaphoyisa ahlala ebaluleke kakhulu emphakathini wanamuhla, ikakhulukazi ngobuchwepheshe obuthuthukile.

ISichibiyelo Sesihlanu siqukethe izivikelo eziningana ezibalulekile: ilungelo lokubekwa icala elikhulu lobugebengu obungathi sína, isivikelo engozini ephindwe kabili (ukuzanywa kabili ngenxa yecala elifanayo), ilungelo lokumelana nokuzilahla, izimfuneko ezidingekile zenqubo, nokuvikelwa ekuthatheni impahla yomuntu siqu ngaphandle kokukhokhwa.

ISichibiyelo Sesithupha siqinisekisa amalungelo ezigebengu ezimangalelwa, kuhlanganise nelungelo lokuqulwa kwecala elisheshayo nelinomphakathi, ijaji elingakhethi, elizotshelwa amacala, ukumangalelwa kofakazi, ukuphoqelela ofakazi ukuba bafakazele ngawenu, nokuba babe neseluleko esingokomthetho.ISichibiyelo Sesikhombisa silondoloza ilungelo lokuqulwa kwamacala enkantolo ezinkantolo ezihilela izimpikiswano ezinkulu zemali.

ISichibiyelo sesishiyagalombili senqabela ibheyili eqile, inhlawulo ephakeme, nesijeziso esinonya nesingajwayelekile. IsiHlanzi se-Ninth sicacisa ukuthi ukuhlelwa kwamalungelo athile eMthethweni akusho ukuthi abantu abanawo amanye amalungelo angahlelwanga. Okokugcina, iSichibiyelo seshumi lamagunya esigciniwe esingawaphathi uhulumeni kahulumeni noma abantu.

Ukuhlela Ukutadisha

Kunokuzama ukuthatha ngekhanda zonke izinguquko eziyishumi kanye kanye, cabangela ushintsho olulodwa noma ezimbili ngesonto. Bhala amaphuzu ngalokho ushintsho ngalunye olukushoyo kuwe siqu nendlela olungase lusebenze ngayo ekuphileni kwakho kwansuku zonke. Yenza amashadi noma sebenzisa amathuluzi okutadisha ngemishini ukuze uqinise ukuqonda kwakho. Xoxani ngalokho okufundayo namalungu omkhaya noma abangane ukuze ujulise ukuqonda kwakho ngezingxoxo nangengxoxo.

Gcina incwadi ebhala phansi inqubo yakho yokufunda futhi uqaphele imibuzo ephakamayo lapho ufunda. Lokhu kuthembisana okumatasa ngendaba kuyokusiza ukuba ugcine ukwaziswa kangcono kunokufunda nje ungenzi lutho. Cabangela indlela izenzakalo zamanje ezihlobana ngayo nokulungisa okuthile okukhethekile, ukuhlobana phakathi kwezindlela zomlando nezinhlelo zanamuhla.

Yenza Imithombo Yezinto Enokwethenjelwa Nezindlela Zokufundisa Ezitholakala Kuyi - Internet

I - Internet inikeza imithombo eminingi yokufunda nge - Bill of Rights, kodwa akuyona yonke imithombo enokwethenjelwa noma enembile.

Imithombo Kahulumeni Nengokomthetho

I-website ye-National Archives inikeza umnyango wokuqala wencwadi yeSiphakamiso sama - Rights nezithombe ezikhuphulwe kabanzi kanye nomlando oningiliziwe. I-Library of Congress inikeza izinto zokucwaninga ezibanzi, kuhlanganise nemithombo eyinhloko, izincwadi zomlando nemithombo yemfundo mayelana namalungelo omthetho-sisekelo. INkantolo ye-webhusayithi yase-U.S. inezinto zokufundisa eziklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukusiza izakhamuzi ukuba ziqonde amalungelo azo esimisweni sokwahlulela.

INational Constitution Center, nakuba ingeyona inhlangano kahulumeni, iyinhlangano engathathi nzuzo eqashwe yiKhomishane ukuze yandise ukuqonda komphakathi ngoMthetho-sisekelo. Iwebhusayithi yabo inikeza amathuluzi okudlulisela iziphakamiso, amavidiyo emfundo, nezincazelo eziningi kakhulu zenguquko yomthetho-sisekelo ezibhalelwe izilaleli ezivamile. Le micebo iphula imiqondo eyinkimbinkimbi engokomthetho ibe iziqephu eziqondakalayo ngaphandle kokuveza izici ezibalulekile.

Ama - video Emfundo Nezincwadi Ezifundwayo

Abafunda amavidiyo emfundo namazwi bangazuza eyandayo nasemiqondweni egxile emalungelweni omthetho - sisekelo. Izikole eziningi zomthetho namayunivesithi ziveza okungakhokhwa ngokuchaza iBhili lamalungelo kanye nezinhlelo zawo. Lezi mithombo zezindaba eziningi zivame ukuveza ochwepheshe bezomthetho, izazi - mlando, kanye nezazi zomthetho - sisekelo ezinganikeza imibono enegunya ezindabeni eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Bheka okuqukethwe ezinhlanganweni ezimisiwe njenge Khan Academy, ezinikeza amavidiyo emfundo yamahhala ngezihloko zikahulumeni nezezakhamuzi, kuhlanganise nezincazelo eziningiliziwe zezinhlelo zomthetho-sisekelo. Izinhlelo zemfundo ka-C-SPAN zivame ukuhlanganisa izihloko zomthetho-sisekelo kanye nezindaba zeNkantolo Ephakeme ezichaza iBhili lamalungelo. Izihloko ezinjengalezo ezikhiqizwa yizinhlangano zomthetho nezikole zinganikeza ukuhlaziywa okungazelelwe lapho uhamba noma uvivinya umzimba.

Amathuluzi Okufunda Ahilelayo

Amawebhusayithi amaningana anikeza imibuzo ehambisanayo, imidlalo, nemifanekiso eyenza ukufunda ngeBhili yamaLungelo kungene futhi kukhumbuleke. I-iCbics platform, eyasungulwa yiJaji leNkantolo Ephakeme uSandra Day O'Connor, inikeza imidlalo yemfundo yamahhala efundisa imiqondo engokomthetho-sisekelo ngezindlela ezicatshangelwe. Lamathuluzi akuvumela ukuba uhlole ulwazi lwakho futhi ubone ukuthi amalungelo asebenza kanjani ezimweni ezingokoqobo.

Izicelo ezihambayo ezinikezelwe emfundweni kahulumeni zingakusiza ukuba ufunde iBill of Rights on the. Eziningi zalezi zinhlelo zihlanganisa izici ezifana namaqiniso ansuku zonke, izindlela zemibuzo, nokulandela inqubo ukuze kusekelwe ulwazi olungaguquki. Nakuba izinhlelo kufanele zithasisele esikhundleni sesifundo esibanzi, zinikeza amathuba angcono okuqinisa ulwazi lwakho phakathi nezikhathi ezikhululekile phakathi nosuku.

Yiya Emahholo Ezemfundo Nasemahlelweni Omphakathi

Izinhlelo zemfundo ezinikeza amathuba awusizo okufunda ngamalungelo akho ezimweni ezihambisanayo lapho ungabuza khona imibuzo futhi uxoxe nochwepheshe nezakhamuzi ezikanye nabo. Lezinhlelo zisukela ezifundweni ezihleliwe kuya emibuthanweni yesikole ngokwethukela, ngayinye inikeza izinzuzo eziyingqayizivele zokuqonda isivikelo somthetho-sisekelo.

Izinhlangano Zosizo Ezingokomthetho Nezikhungo Zomphakathi

Izinhlangano zosizo ezingokomthetho nemitholampilo esemthethweni ivame ukunikeza amashabhu mahhala mayelana namalungelo ezakhamuzi, ngokuvamile igxila ezimfunekweni ezisebenzayo ezisemphakathini wazo. Lezi zinhlangano ziqonda ukuthi abantu abaningi babhekana nezimo ezingokomthetho ngaphandle kokuqonda ngokugcwele isivikelo somthetho-sisekelo, ngakho baklama izinhlelo zokulungisa izimo nemibuzo efanayo.

Izikhungo zomphakathi, imitapo yezincwadi, nezinhlangano zomphakathi ngokuvamile zithatha izenzakalo zoSuku Lomthetho-mthetho cishe ngo-September 17 unyaka ngamunye, zikhumbula ukusayinwa koMthetho-sisekelo. Lezizenzakalo zihlanganisa izigijimi zokufundisa, izingxoxo zezindawo, nemisebenzi yokuxoxa egxile emalungelweni omthetho-sisekelo. Ukuya kule zinhlelo kuhlanganisa wena nabanye abanesithakazelo emfundweni yomphakathi futhi kunikeza amathuba okufunda kochwepheshe bezomthetho ezimweni ezifinyelelekayo.

Izinhlelo Zaseyunivesithi Nesekolishi

Izikole zomthetho ngezinye izikhathi zinikeza izinhlelo zomphakathi lapho oprofesa nabafundi bekhuluma ngomthetho ngolimi olutholakala kubantu abangewona amakholiji. Lezi zinhlelo zinikeza izikole zemfundo ezinzima nakuba zihlala zingeneka kubantu abavamile.

Izinhlelo zemfundo eziqhubeka emakolishini omphakathi ngokuvamile zihlanganisa izifundo zikahulumeni waseMelika, umthetho womthetho-mthetho, namalungelo omphakathi. lezizifundo zinikeza abafundisi abanolwazi abakwaziyo ukuphendula imibuzo futhi bavumela izingxoxo. Nakuba ezinye izinhlelo zikhokhela izindleko, abaningi banikeza labo abanezinkinga zemali amasheya abiza imali eningi.

Izinhlangano Ezingochwepheshe Nezinhlangano Eziyibhange

Izinhlangano zezwe nezindawo zivame ukusekela izinqubo zemfundo yomphakathi, kuhlanganise nezenzakalo zoSuku Lomthetho izinhlelo zoSuku lwangoMay noSuku Lomthetho ngoSeptember. Lezizenzakalo zivame ukuveza izintshumayelo zabahluleli, abameli, nezazi ezingokomthetho ezichaza amalungelo omthetho kanye nemibuzo evela emalungwini omphakathi.

I-American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) nezinhlangano ezifanayo ezinikezelwe ukuvikela amalungelo omthetho-sisekelo zinikeza izinhlelo zemfundo, amashabhu, neziqeshana zokuqeqesha. Lezinhlangano ziletha imibono esebenzayo ngendlela amalungelo asetshenziswa ngayo futhi avikelwe ngayo ezimweni zezwe langempela, ngokuvamile zihlanganyela izifundo zecala nezibonelo zomsebenzi wazo wokuzimela.

Buza Ochwepheshe Bezomthetho Ukuze Uthole Isiqondiso Somuntu Siqu

Nakuba imfundo evamile ngeBhill of Rights iwusizo, ukuxhumana nochwepheshe bezomthetho kunikeza isiqondiso esivumelana nezimo nemibuzo yakho ethile.

Isikhathi Sokufuna Iseluleko Esingokomthetho

Kufanele ucabangele ukuya kummeli lapho ubhekene nesimo esingokomthetho esingase sihilele amalungelo akho omthetho - sisekelo, njengokumangalelwa, ukusebenzelana nomthetho, ukuphikisana nezinhlangano zikahulumeni, noma izimo lapho ukholelwa ukuthi amalungelo akho aphulwe khona. Ochwepheshe bezomthetho bangahlola izimo zakho ezithile futhi bachaze ukuthi isivikelo sisebenza kanjani endabeni yakho.

Ngisho noma ungabhekani nendaba engokomthetho esheshayo, ukuxoxa nommeli kungakusiza ukuba uqonde indlela yokusebenzisa amalungelo akho ngokuqhubekayo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma uhlela ukuhlela ukubhikisha noma ukubukisa obala, ummeli angachaza amalungelo akho okuQonda iSichibiyelo somthetho nanoma iziphi izimfuneko noma imingcele engasebenza kuwe.

Ukuthola Usizo Olungokomthetho Olubizayo

Abantu abaningi bayanqikaza ukuxhumana nabameli ngenxa yezindleko, kodwa kunezinye izindlela eziningi zokuthola iseluleko esithengwa kalula noma sesihle somthetho. Izinhlangano zokusiza ezingokomthetho zinikeza izinkonzo mahhala ukuze kufaneleke abantu abasekelwe emalini abaholayo nasemkhakheni wecala. Lezinhlangano ziqasha abameli abanolwazi abangachaza amalungelo akho futhi banikeze izimpawu uma kudingeka.

Ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwabameli abagunyaziwe, abafundi bomthetho banikeza izinkonzo ezingokomthetho emalungwini omphakathi kuyilapho bethola ulwazi olusebenzayo. Lemitholampilo ivame ukugxila ezindabeni zamalungelo omthetho-sisekelo futhi inganikeza isiqondiso esicophelelayo, esiphenywa kahle ngezindleko ezincane noma zingabikho.

Ama-bar amaningi aphethe izinkonzo zommeli ezixhumanisa abantu nabameli abaqalayo ukuxoxa nabo ngesilinganiso esinciphileyo. Abanye abameli banikeza ukuhlola noma umsebenzi ngesihle esilinganisweni esishelelayo esisekelwe ekhonweni lokukhokha. Ungavumeli ukulahlekelwa kukuvimbele ekufuneni iseluleko esingokomthetho uma udinga imithombo eminingi ukuze ukwazi ukunikeza isiqondiso esingokomthetho.

Ukulungiselela Ukuxoxa Ngezomthetho

Ukuze usebenzise kahle ukuxoxa nochwepheshe bezomthetho, lungiselela ngokubhala imibuzo yakho kusengaphambili futhi uqoqe noma yiziphi izincwadi ezihlobene nalokhu noma ukwaziswa ngesimo sakho. Yisho ngokuqondile ukuthi ufuna ukuqondani, kodwa futhi kufundisa ngamalungelo akho noma ngeseluleko esiphathelene nesimo esithile.

Lapho uhlola, thatha amaphuzu ezincazelo zommeli futhi ucele ukucaciswa uma okuthile kungacaci. Unganamahloni ukubuza imibuzo eyisisekelo − attney ulindele ukuthi abantu abaningi abajwayelene nemibono engokomthetho futhi kufanele bazimisele ukuchaza izinto ngamazwi aqondakalayo. Uma ummeli esebenzisa isigubhulo noma amagama angokomthetho ongawaqondi, bacele ukuba bawachaze ngolimi olucacile.

Amacala Aphakeme Enkantolo Afundwayo

IBhili of Rights ivela ezinqumweni zeNkantolo Ephakeme ezichaza futhi zisebenzise izinguquko zomthetho ezisezimweni ezithile. Ukutadisha amacala angokomthetho abalulekile kukusiza ukuba uqonde indlela izimiso eziyinkimbinkimbi zomthetho eziguqula ngayo izivikelo eziqinile nokulinganiselwa. Lamacala futhi embula indlela izincazelo zamalungelo eziye zashintsha ngayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba umphakathi nobuchwepheshe bushintsha.

Icala Lokuchithwa Kokuqala

Izindaba ezifana [[FLT: 0] .Des Moines Independent School School Community zaqinisekisa ukuthi abafundi abalahlekelwa amalungelo abo okuHlazisela kokuqala esangweni lesikole, bavikela inkulumo engokomfanekiso efana nokufaka izibambo zengalo ukuze baphikise impi. [[FLT:] New York Times Co. v. United States, ikhankani yePentagon Paper, igcizelela inkululeko yokunyathelisa ngokuvimbela uhulumeni ekukhishweni izincwadi ezicaciswe ngempi yeVietnam.

Brandenburg v.O. wamisa indinganiso yanamuhla lapho inkulumo ingavinjelwa, wamisa ukuthi uhulumeni angavimbela kuphela inkulumo eshukumisa isenzo sokungabi namthetho esiseduze. Lezi zimo kanye nabanye babonisa indlela iziphetho zeSichibiyelo sokuqala ezidlulela ngayo ngalé kwenkululeko elula yokukhuluma, ehlanganisa inkulumo engokomfanekiso, cindezela inkululeko, nemingcele yokucusumbula kukahulumeni.

Icala LesiHlanzo Sesine

ISichibiyelo sesine seSichibiyelo siye savela ngokuphawulekayo ngokuthuthukiswa kwentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe. Katz v. United States saqinisekisa ukuthi iSichibiyelo sesine sivikela abantu, hhayi nje izindawo, sidlulisele isivikelo semfihlo ngaphandle kokungena ngokomzimba emakhaya. Muva nje, [[FLT:] Riley v. California yakholelwa ukuthi amaphoyisa ngokuvamile adinga isiqinisekiso sokuhlola izingcingo zocingo, eqaphela inani elikhulu lokwaziswa komuntu siqu okuqukethwe yilezi zingcingo.

Terry v.O. yasungula imfundiso "yeka nokufaka i-frask", ivumela amaphoyisa ukuba abambe abantu okwesikhashana futhi abavale phansi ngenxa yokusola okunengqondo kunokuba kubangele. Ukuqonda lezi zimo kukusiza wazi ukuthi ukuphoqelelwa komthetho kungawuhlola nini futhi ungakwazi ukusesha indawo yakho noma umuntu, kanye namalungelo ongawafaka phakathi nezenzakalo zamaphoyisa.

Icala Lesihlanu Nelesithupha Lesichibiyelo

Miranda v.Arizona mhlawumbe iyicala lobugebengu elidume kakhulu, limisa ukuthi amaphoyisa kumelwe azise abasola amalungelo awo ngaphambi kokuphenywa kwemvume. Lelicala labangela izixwayiso ezijwayelekile "Miranda" ukuthi unelungelo lokuthula futhi ube nommeli phakathi nokuphenywa.

Gideon v. Wainwright waqinisekisa ilungelo lokumiswa kweseluleko kubamangalelwa abagcotshwayo abangakwazi ukukhokhela abameli, eqinisekisa ukuthi isichibiyelo sesithupha selungelo lokululeka sinengqondo ngisho nakubamangalelwa abangathembekile. Lamacala aguqula inqubo yobugebengu futhi amisa isivikelo esisebenza noma nini lapho othile ebhekene namacala obugebengu.

Ufinyelela ulwazi lolwazi lomthetho

Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yeNkantolo Ephakeme inikeza imvume yokuthola imibono, izimpikiswano zomlomo, nezinye izinto ezizocaciswa. Izincwadi ezingokomthetho njengo-Justia no-Google Isazi zinikeza ukutholakala mahhala ezinqumweni zeNkantolo Ephakeme nemisebenzi yokuhlola ukuze kutholakale amacala ezicingweni ezithile. Amacala amaningi ayatholakala futhi ngemishwana eklanyelwe abangewona amthetho, okwenza ukuba zitholakale kangcono kubantu abalalele izilaleli.

Izingosi zemfundo zivame ukunikeza imininingwane ephathelene nezimo ezingokomlando nezingokwenhlalo ezihlobene nezinqumo eziwuphawu lwezinqumo, zikusize ukuba uqonde hhayi nje lokho iNkantolo eyanquma ukuthi kungani icala libalulekile.

Ukuhlanganyela Nezenzakalo Zanamuhla Nokuhlaziywa Kwezindaba

Amalungelo oMthetho-sisekelo awayona nje imiqondo engokomlando", aphikisana futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimpikiswaneni zamanje nsuku zonke. Izindaba ezihambisana nomthetho-sisekelo zikusiza ukuba ubone ukuthi iBhili lamalungelo esizwe lihlala lisebenza kanjani nokuthi abantu bachaza kanjani lezisivikelo ezimweni zanamuhla.

Ukubona Izindaba Ezihilela Umthetho - sisekelo

Izindaba eziningi zihlanganisa amalungelo omthetho-sisekelo, ngisho noma zingabekwanga ngokuqondile. ukulinganisela kwezezokuxhumana kuhlanganisa ukulinganisela kweSichibiyelo sokuqala mayelana nenkululeko yokukhuluma kanye neziteshi zomuntu siqu. Izindaba eziphathelene nokusetshenziswa kwamaphoyisa ekuvikeleni iSichibiyelo sezentengiselwano seSine. Umthetho wobugebengu uvame ukuhlanganisa amalungelo eSichibiyelo sesihlanu neseSisithupha sabamangalelwa.

Ziqeqeshe ukuba uqaphele izilinganiso zezindaba ezingokomthetho ngokubuza imibuzo njengoba ufunda noma ubukela: Ingabe lokhu kuhilela isinyathelo sikahulumeni esingase siphule amalungelo abantu? Yiziphi isivikelo somthetho - sisekelo esingase sisetshenziswe? izinkantolo ziye zazisingatha kanjani izimo ezifanayo esikhathini esidlule?

Ukufuna Imibono Ehlukahlukene

Incazelo yomthetho-mthetho ivame ukuhlanganisa ukungavumelani okungokomthetho phakathi kwabantu abacabangayo. Ukufunda ngokuhlaziya ngemibono ehlukene − i-libral-label nescritinary, i-commistr-al", kukusiza ukuba uqonde umehluko wemibono ngemibuzo yomthetho-sisekelo. Lokhu akusho ukuthi zonke izincazelo zilungile, kodwa ukuchayeka emibonweni ehlukene kuqinisa ikhono lakho lokucabanga ngokugxeka ngezindaba zomthetho-sisekelo.

Ukukhulumela okungokomthetho koprofesa bezomthetho, abameli abasebenzayo, kanye nezazi zomthetho-sisekelo kunikeza ukuhlaziywa okungochwepheshe kwezimpikiswano zamanje zomthetho-sisekelo. Izincwadi ezinjenge STUSlog zinikeza ukuhlanganisa okuningiliziwe, okufinyelelekayo kwamacala eNkantolo Ephakeme nezenzakalo zomthetho-mthetho-sisekelo. Ukulandela leyo mithombo kukusiza ukuba uhlale wazi ukuthi amalungelo omthetho-sisekelo achazwa futhi asetshenziswa kanjani esikhathini sangempela.

Ukuhlanganyela Ezingxoxweni Ezinolwazi

Ukuxoxa ngezindaba zomthetho-sisekelo − kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyi - Internet, nabangane nomkhaya, noma emphakathini kukwenza ufunde futhi kukuchaye emibonweni ehlukile. Ukuxoxa ngale zingxoxo ngokuthobeka kwengqondo, uqaphela ukuthi umthetho - sisekelo uyinkimbinkimbi futhi unengqondo ungaphikisana ngezincazelo nangezindlela ezisetshenziswayo.

Lapho uhlanganyela ezingxoxweni, gxila ekuqondeni izimiso zomthetho - sisekelo ezihilelekile kunokumane ukhuthaze imiphumela ethile. Zibuze imibuzo enjengokuthi: Yimaphi amalungelo ahilelekile? izinkantolo ziye zalinganisela kanjani izithakazelo eziphikisanayo ezicaleni ezifanayo?

Hlanganyela Nezinhlangano Neqembu Eliyiqembu

Izinhlangano ezizinikele emalungelweni omthetho - sisekelo nasemfundweni yomphakathi zinikeza amathuba okufunda kanye nabanye abanesithakazelo sakho ekuqondeni nasekuvikeleni inkululeko eyisisekelo. Lamaqembu anikeza imithombo yemfundo, ahlele izenzakalo, futhi akha imiphakathi yezakhamuzi ezibophele ukunamathela ezimisweni zomthetho - sisekelo.

Izinhlangano Ezikhulula Abantu

I-American Civil Liberation Union (ACLU) isebenzela ukuvikela amalungelo omthetho-sisekelo ngokunikezana, ukuphakamisa, nemfundo yomphakathi. Izahluko zendawo ze-ACLU zivame ukuhlanganisa izenzakalo zemfundo futhi zinikeze imithombo yokufunda ngamalungelo akho. Nakuba i-ACLU ithatha izikhundla ezindabeni eziphikisanayo, izincwadi zayo zemfundo zinikeza ukwaziswa okuwusizo ngendlela amalungelo omthetho-sisekelo asebenza ngayo ezimweni ezihlukahlukene.

Ezinye izinhlangano zigxile ezicini ezithile zamalungelo omthetho-sisekelo. I-Electronic Foundation (EFF) igxila ekufuneni izimfihlo zemishini nezindaba zokukhuluma ngokukhululekile kulenkathi yobuchwepheshe. I-Innocence Project isebenza ezindabeni zokwahlulela kobugebengu ezihlobene nenqubo efanele nokuqulwa okulungile. I-Foundation for Indivision Rights and Exption (FIRE) igxila ezindabeni zeSichibiyelo sokuqala, ikakhulukazi ezimisweni zemfundo. Inhlangano ngayinye inikeza imithombo yemfundo ehlobene nezindawo zayo ezigxile kuzo.

Izinhlangano Zemfundo Eziyimibukiso

Izinhlangano ezinjengeNhlangano Yabesifazane inikeza imfundo yomphakathi engahambisani nezwe, kuhlanganise nokwaziswa ngamalungelo omthetho - sisekelo nangendlela uhulumeni asebenza ngayo. Lamaqembu ngokuvamile ahlela ama-commend, anyathelisa abaqondisi bamavoti, nezenzakalo zemfundo ezivamile ezisiza izakhamuzi ukuba ziqonde amalungelo nemithwalo yazo yemfanelo.

I-National Constitution Center inikeza izinhlelo zamalungu ezihlanganisa ukukwazi ukuthola imithombo yemfundo, izenzakalo, nemifanekiso ngomlando womthetho-mthetho kanye nezindaba zamuva. Izinhlangano ezifanayo zikhona emazingeni ombuso nawasendaweni, zinikeza amathuba okuhlanganyela nezihloko zomthetho-sisekelo emphakathini wakini.

Izinzuzo Zokuhlanganyela Ekwehlelweni

Izinhlangano zomphakathi zihlanganisa nawe nabantu abakwazi ukuphendula imibuzo, bahlanganyele imithombo yezimali, futhi bakusekele njengoba ufunda ngamalungelo akho. Izinhlangano eziningi zinikeza amapheshana, ama-webinar, nemiphakathi ye-inthanethi lapho amalungu exoxa khona ngezindaba zomthetho-sisekelo futhi axoxelane ngokwaziswa. Lokhu kuthembisana okuqhubekayo kukusiza ukuba ulondoloze ulwazi lwakho futhi kugcine wazi ngentuthuko yomthetho-sisekelo.

Ukuhileleka kwenhlangano kunikeza namathuba okusebenzisa ulwazi lwakho ngokufundisa abantu ngemithetho yesizwe, umsebenzi wokuzithandela, noma ngemfundo yomphakathi.

Thatha Izindlela Zokulandela Umthetho Nomthetho - sisekelo

Izikole zemfundo ezihleliwe zinikeza imfundo ebanzi, ehlelekile ngeBhill of Rights nomthetho-mthetho-sisekelo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zingezifundo zesiko zamakholiji, amapulatifomu e-inthanethi, noma izinhlelo zemfundo zabadala, zinikeza izifundo ezisemthethweni ezijulile nezinzima ezihambisana nokuzifundisa.

Ikholiji Nezifundo Zaseyunivesithi

Isayensi yezombangazwe neminyango yomlando inikeza izifundo ngohulumeni waseMelika, umthetho womthetho-sisekelo, nenkululeko yomphakathi ezihlola iBhili of Rights ngokuningiliziwe. Lezi zikole zivame ukuhlanganisa umongo ongokomlando, ukulawulwa kweNkantolo Ephakeme, nezimpikiswano zamanje ngencazelo yomthetho-sisekelo. Ngisho noma ungaphishekeli iziqu, izinhlangano eziningi zivumela amalungu omphakathi ukuba ahlole izifundo noma abhalise njengabafundi abangaqeqeshiwe.

Izikole zomthetho zinikeza izifundo zomthetho-mthetho ezihlaziya ngokunzulu izimfundiso zomthetho-mthetho nemfundiso. Nakuba lezi zikole ziklanyelwe abafundi bomthetho, ezinye izikole zivumela abafundi abangewona ababhali ukuba babhalise ezifundweni ezithile. Amakhono omthetho kanye nolwazi olujulile oluzuzwe ezikoleni zomthetho kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukuqonda kwakho amalungelo omthetho.

Izinqubo Zokufunda Kuyi - Internet

Izifundo ezifana ne-Lourra, edX, ne Khan Academy zinikeza izifundo zesihle noma eziphansi zomthetho-mthetho nohulumeni waseMelika ovela emayunivesithi adumile. Lezi zikole zihlanganisa izinkulumo ze-vidiyo, ukufunda, imibuzo, nezingxoxo ezidala okuhlangenwe nakho okuhleliwe okutholakalayo noma kuphi. Izikole eziningi zikuvumela ukuba ufunde ngejubane lakho kuyilapho usanikeza izinzuzo zemfundo yolwazi nezifundo ezibanzi.

Ngokwesibonelo, iYale University inikeza izifundo ze-inthanethi zezomthetho-sisekelo ezihlanganisa iBhill of Rights nezinye izihloko zomthetho-sisekelo ezijulile. IYunivesithi yaseHarvard inikeza izifundo zenkululeko yomphakathi nencazelo yomthetho-sisekelo ngepulatifomu yayo yezokufunda kuyi-Intanethi. Lezi zikole ziletha imfundo yeNhlangano ye-Ivy kunoma ubani okwazi ukungena kuyi-Internet, iveza ukufinyelela imfundo ephakeme yomthetho-sisekelo.

Imfundo Yabantu Abadala Nezinhlelo Zasekholiji Lomphakathi

Amakolishi omphakathi nezinhlelo zemfundo zabantu abadala zinikeza izifundo ezibizayo ngohulumeni waseMelika nomthetho-sisekelo oklanyelwe abantu abadala abasebenzayo nabafunda ukuphila konke. Lezi zifundo zivame ukuhlangana kusihlwa noma ngezimpelasonto futhi zifundiswa abaqeqeshi abanolwazi abaqonda izidingo zabantu abadala. Indawo yasekilasini inikeza amathuba okuxoxa ngezindaba zomthetho-mthetho namaqembu ezakhamuzi ezihlukene.

Izinhlelo eziningi zinikeza kokubili izinhlelo ezihlelekile nezikulayini, zinikeza ukuvumelanisa izimiso ezihlukene nokuthanda ukufunda. Uhlobo oluhlelwe kahle lwezifundo ezihleliwe − ezine-syllabi, izabelo, kanye nezinqumo----"izinsiza ukuhlanganisa izihloko ngokubanzi futhi zinika isisusa sokuqeda imigomo yakho yokufunda.

Vakashela Iminyuziyamu Nezindawo Ezingokomlando

Ukwazi umlando womthetho - sisekelo eminyuziyamu nasezingosini ezingokomlando kuletha iSiphakamiso Samalungelo Abantu ekuphileni ngezindlela okungenakuzifinyelela kuphela.

Izinqolobane Zesizwe

INational Archives eWashington, D.C., ineSiphakamiso sakuqala samalungelo kanye noMthetho-sisekelo noBufakazi Bokuzimela. Ukubheka lamaphepha asungulwe ngokoqobo kudala ukuhlobana okunamandla nomlando waseMelika nezimiso ezikuwo. Izinqolobane ziveza nomlando womthetho-sisekelo nokuziphendukela kwamalungelo eMelika.

Ngalé kwesakhiwo esikhulu eWashington, iNational Archives isebenza izakhiwo zendawo futhi igcina ukuba khona okukhulu kuyi-website enezincwadi ezibhalwe ngemishini nempahla yemfundo. Ngisho noma ungakwazi ukuvakashela uqobo, ingosi yenqolobane inikeza izithombe ezibonisa izakhiwo ze-octal nezithombe eziphezulu zemibhalo engokomlando.

Isikhungo Somthetho - sisekelo Wezwe

IsePhiladelphia, iNational Constitution Center iwukuphela kweminyuziyamu enikezelwe kuMthetho - sisekelo wase-U.S. Imibukiso exhumanisayo ihlola amalungelo omthetho - sisekelo, amacala angokomthetho - sisekelo angokomlando, nezimpikiswano eziqhubekayo ngencazelo yomthetho-sisekelo. Izinhlelo zeSikhungo eziphethe eziveza izazi zomthetho - sisekelo, amajaji, nezibalo zomphakathi ezixoxa ngezindaba zomthetho - sisekelo zanamuhla.

Imibukiso yale mnyuziyamu yenza imiqondo yomthetho-sisekelo ifinyeleleke futhi ihileleke ngemiboniso yemidwebo, izinto zobuciko, nemisebenzi yezandla. Izinhlelo ezikhethekile zabantu abadala zihlanganisa izinkulumo, izimpikiswano, nesymposia ezihlola imibuzo yomthetho-sisekelo ngokujule.

Ezinye Izakhiwo Nezindawo Ezibalulekile Zokuhlala

I-Newspeum (nakuba isivaliwe manje, inezinhlelo zokuvulwa kabusha kwesikhathi esizayo) yagxila ezinhlwini zokuHlaziya kokuqala, ikakhulukazi enkululekweni yezindaba. INational Civil Rights Museum eMemphis ihlola indlela amalungelo omthetho-sisekelo aye anwetshwa futhi avikelwa ngayo ngezinhlangano zamalungelo abantu. I-Japanese American National Museum eLos Angeles ihlola imibuzo engokomthetho ngokomthetho ephakanyiswa amaJapane phakathi neMpi Yezwe II.

Imiphakathi nemiziyamu engokomlando yendawo ivame ukuveza indlela amalungelo omthetho-sisekelo aye asebenza ngayo emlandweni womphakathi wakini. Lemibono yendawo ikusiza ukuba uqonde ukuthi izimiso zomthetho-sisekelo wezwe zithinta kanjani umphakathi ngamunye nokuphila.

Qonda Indlela Amalungelo Asebenza Ngayo Ezimweni Eziqondile

Amalungelo oMthetho-sisekelo awakho ezimweni ezithile, asebenza ezimweni ezithile ezithinta ukuphila kwakho kwansuku zonke. Ukuqonda ukuthi amalungelo asebenza kanjani ezimweni ezihlukene kukusiza ukuba uqaphele lapho isivikelo sisebenza futhi usebenzise kanjani ngokuphumelelayo.

Amalungelo Ezigaba Zemfundo

Abafundi balondoloza amalungelo omthetho-mthetho ezikoleni, nakuba lamalungelo engase alinganiswe ngokumelene nemisebenzi yemfundo yesikole kanye nokukhathalela ukuphepha. ISichibiyelo sokuqala sivikela inkulumo yabafundi, kodwa izikole zingalawula inkulumo ephazamisa kakhulu indawo yokufundisa. Abafundi banesivikelo seSichibiyelo sesine ekufuneni okungenangqondo, nakuba indinganiso iphansi kunakweminye imikhakha yecala lesikole lokuphepha kwabafundi.

Ukuqonda amalungelo akho njengomfundi noma umzali kukusiza ukuba ubhekane nezimo ezihilela ukubonakaliswa kwabafundi, inkululeko engokwenkolo ezikoleni, ukufuna izikhiye noma izikhwama ezigodliwe nezinqubo zokuyala.

Amalungelo Emsebenzi

IBill of Rights ngokuyinhloko ivimbela ukuthatha isinyathelo sikahulumeni, ngakho isivikelo somthetho-sisekelo ngokuvamile asisebenzi kubaqashi abazimele ngendlela efanayo nakuhulumeni. Nokho, izisebenzi zomphakathi zinamalungelo amaningi omthetho-sisekelo, uma zikwazi ukulinganisela inzuzo kahulumeni njengomqashi. Ukuqonda lomehluko kukusiza ukuba wazi ukuthi izivikelo zisebenza kuphi emsebenzini wakho.

Ngisho nasemsebenzini wangasese, izimiso ezithile zomthetho-mthetho zithonya umthetho wemisebenzi ngemithetho nangezimiso. Ngokwesibonelo, nakuba iSichibiyelo sokuqala singabavimbeli ngokuqondile abaqashi abazimele, imithetho ehlukahlukene ivikela inkulumo yezisebenzi kanye nokuhlangana ngokwezimo eziqondile. Ukufunda indlela izimiso zomthetho-sisekelo eziguqulela ngayo ezikhungweni zemisebenzi kukusiza ukuba uqonde amalungelo akho njengesisebenzi.

Amalungelo Phakathi Nokuhlangana Kwamaphoyisa

Ukwazi amalungelo akho eSichibiyelo Sesine, sesihlanu neseSisithupha phakathi nokusebenzelana nomthetho kungaba balulekile. Unelungelo lokuthula futhi wenqabe ukuphenya ezimweni eziningi. Ukuqonda lapho amaphoyisa engama, abuze, noma akuphenye, kungakusiza ukuba wenze izinqumo ongazi lutho phakathi nalezi zimo.

Izinhlangano eziningi zosizo olungokomthetho namaqembu enkululeko yomphakathi anikeza "amalungelo akho" izinto ezikhuluma ngokuqondile nomphakathi wamaphoyisa. Le mithombo ichaza ukuthi ungenzani uma umiswa amaphoyisa, yimiphi imibuzo okumelwe uyiphendule, uma unganqaba ukuseshwa, nokuthi ungawasebenzisa kanjani amalungelo akho ngenhlonipho uma uzivikela ngokomthetho.

Amalungelo Enkathi Yezinombolo

Ubuchwepheshe buye bakha izimo ezintsha zamalungelo omthetho-sisekelo amaFramers abengeke balindele. Iziphetho zesine zeSichibiyelo sobumfihlo zisebenza ekwazisweni kwezemishini, nakuba izinkantolo ziqhubeka zithuthukisa izindinganiso zendlela lezisivikelo ezisebenza ngayo ngobuchwepheshe obusha. ISichibiyelo Sokuqala seSichibiyelo sokukhuluma siyasebenza kuyi-inthanethi, nakuba imibuzo ephathelene nendima yezenhlalo yezokuxhumana ekuqondiseni inkulumo isalokhu iphikiswa.

Ukuqonda indlela amalungelo angokwesiko omthetho - sisekelo asebenza ngayo ezintweni ezisebenza kuyi - Internet kukusiza ukuba uvikele izinto eziyimfihlo, uqonde amalungelo akho ngokuphathelene nokuhlola izinombolo, futhi usebenzise izingosi zokukhuluma ezingosini zomphakathi nakwezinye iziteshi.

Fundisa Abanye Ngamalungelo Omthetho - sisekelo

Enye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokujulisa ukuqonda kwakho iBhili yamaLungelo iwukufundisa abanye. Ukuchaza imiqondo engokomthetho komunye kudinga ukuba uhlele ulwazi lwakho, uphawule amagebe ekuqondeni kwakho, futhi ucabange ngendlela yokwenza imiqondo eyinkimbinkimbi itholakale. Ukufundisa futhi kunengxenye emfundweni ebanzi yomphakathi futhi kusiza ekuthuthukiseni umphakathi onolwazi oluthé xaxa.

Amathuba Okufundisa Ethukela

Awudingi isiqinisekiso esingokomthetho sokuhlanganyela ulwazi ngamalungelo omthetho-mthetho nomkhaya, abangane, namalungu omphakathi. Ukuxoxa ngezenzakalo zamuva nge-lens yomthetho-sisekelo, ukuchaza amalungelo afanele lapho abanye bebhekene nezimo ezingokomthetho, noma ukumane uhlanganyele izinto ezithakazelisayo ozifundile konke kunengxenye emfundweni yomphakathi.

Abazali bangafundisa izingane amalungelo omthetho ngezingxoxo nemisebenzi efanelekile yobudala. Ukuchaza ukuthi kungani inkululeko ethile ibalulekile, ukuxoxa ngendlela amalungelo asebenza ngayo ezimweni izingane ezibhekana nazo, nokulingisa isibopho somphakathi senhlonipho konke kuyasiza ekukhuliseni isizukulwane esilandelayo sezakhamuzi ezinolwazi.

Ukufundisa Okuqotho Namathuba Okuzithandela

Izinhlangano eziningi zidinga izisebenzi zokuzithandela ukuze zisize ezinhlelweni zemfundo yomphakathi.Izinhlangano zosizo, imitapo yezincwadi, izikole nezikhungo zomphakathi zivame ukwamukela izisebenzi zokuzithandela ezingasiza ngezinhlelo zokufundisa ngamalungelo omthetho - sisekelo.

Ezinye izinhlelo ziqeqesha izisebenzi zokuzithandela ukuba zinikeze iziteshi zemfundo noma izinkulumo zasekilasini eziphathelene ne - Bill of Rights nezinye izihloko zomphakathi.

Ukwakha Ukwaziswa Okufundisayo

Uma uthanda ukubhala noma ukwenza izinto ezihambisana nemishini, cabangela ukusungula izinto zokufundisa mayelana namalungelo omthetho-sisekelo. Izikhungo, izinto eziqukethwe yizokuxhumana, amavidiyo, noma izinkulumo ezichaza imiqondo yomthetho ngolimi olufinyelekayo zisiza umphakathi ukuba uqonde. Ngisho noma izilaleli zakho zincane, imfundo yezinga eliphezulu ingaba negalelo ekusizeni abanye ukuba bafunde ngamalungelo azo.

Uma udala okuqukethwe, gxila ekunembeni nasekuqondeni.

Hlala Unolwazi Ngentuthuko Eqhubekayo Yomthetho - sisekelo

Umthetho womthetho uyaqhubeka uguqula izinqumo ezintsha zeNkantolo Ephakeme, izinqumo zenkantolo ephansi, nezimpikiswano eziqhubekayo mayelana nokuchazwa nokusetshenziswa. Ukuhlala wazi ngalezi zenzakalo kuqinisekisa ukuqonda kwakho kuhlala kusekhona futhi kukusiza ukuba uqaphele ukuthi amalungelo alolongwa kanjani esikhathini sangempela.

Ukulandela Amazwi Enkantolo Ephakeme

Igama leNkantolo Ephakeme liqala ngo-October kuya kuJune unyaka ngamunye, nezinqumo ezinkulu ezivame ukumenyezelwa entwasahlobo. Ngemva kwebhodi leNkantolo zikusiza ukuba ulindele izinqumo ezibalulekile zomthetho-sisekelo futhi uqonde izimpikiswano ezihilelekile. Imithombo enjenge SCOTUSblog inikeza ukuqulwa okulula kwamacala phambi kweNkantolo, izimpikiswano zomlomo, nezinqumo.

Lapho kumenyezelwa izinqumo ezinkulu zomthetho-sisekelo, funda ukufushaniswa kwemithombo eminingi ukuze uqonde ukuthi iziphi izinqumo ezisho ukuthini. Imibono yeNkantolo itholakala obala, futhi ifunde ngokuqondile, noma uhlola ukufushaniswa nokuhlaziywa, sho ukuqonda okunegunya kakhulu kwalokho iNkantolo eyakunquma kanye nokuthi kungani.

Ukunakekela Izinqumo Zenkantolo Eziphansi

Nakuba izinqumo zeNkantolo Ephakeme zinakekelwa kakhulu, izinkantolo zezinkantolo zezinkantolo zesifunda nezinkantolo zesifunda nazo zikhipha izinqumo ezibalulekile ngemibuzo engokomthetho - sisekelo. lezi zinqumo zithinta indlela amalungelo aqondwa futhi asetshenziswe ngayo ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene futhi ekugcineni zifinyelele eNkantolo Ephakeme. Imithombo yezindaba engokomthetho nezingosi zezincwadi zezomthetho ngokuvamile zihlanganisa izinqumo eziphansi zenkantolo ezindabeni zomthetho - sisekelo.

Ukuqonda Izenzo Zomthetho Nezokuqondisa

Imithetho, imithetho nezimiso ezintsha ngezinye izikhathi zibhekana nezinselele zomthetho - sisekelo, futhi ukulandela lezi zenzakalo kukusiza ukuba uqonde indlela amalungelo ahlolwa futhi avikelwe ngayo ezimweni zanamuhla.

Lapho izishaya - mthetho zimisa imithetho ebhekene nezinselele zomthetho - sisekelo, lapho omongameli bekhipha iziyalezo eziphakamisa ukukhathazeka komthetho - sisekelo, noma lapho izinkantolo zishaya imithetho kahulumeni njengezingavumelani nemithetho, lokhu kuxhumana kubonisa isimiso sokuhlola nokulinganisela okuqhubekayo.

Yakha Ukucabanga Okugxekayo Ngencazelo Yomthetho - sisekelo

Ukuqonda amalungelo akho ngaphansi kweBhili of Rights kudinga okungaphezu nje kokubamba ngekhanda izinguquko −it kuhilela ukuthuthukisa ikhono lokucabanga ngokuhluzekile ngendlela izimiso zomthetho - sisekelo ezisebenza ngayo ezimweni ezintsha nendlela izindlela zokuchaza ezihlukene eziholela eziphethweni ezihlukene.

UPhilosophiya Ohlukile Owawuchazayo

AbaHluleli nezazi basebenzisa izincazelo zomthetho-sisekelo zefilosofi ehlukahlukene. Abaqondisi bemfundiso yokuqala bafuna ukuchaza uMthetho-sisekelo ngokwencazelo yawo yasekuqaleni lapho ugunyazwa. Abahleli bomthetho-sisekelo baphikisa ngokuthi incazelo yomthetho-sisekelo ishintsha ngezimo nezindinganiso zezenhlalo ezishintshayo. Izincwadi zigxila kakhulu embhalweni womthetho-sisekelo, kuyilapho abanye bagcizelela izinjongo nezimiso ezibanzi.

Ukuqonda lezi zindlela ezihlukahlukene kukusiza ukuba uqaphele ukuthi ukuchaza umthetho - sisekelo kuhilela ukukhetha ngezindlela nefilosofi, hhayi nje ukusebenzisa imithetho ecacile ngokungathathi hlangothi. Abantu abacabangelayo bangaphikisana ngokuthi iyiphi indlela yokuchaza esemthethweni, futhi lokhu kungavumelani kumise umthetho - sisekelo.

Ukuhlaziya Izimpikiswano Zomthetho - sisekelo

Hlakulela amakhono okuhlaziya izimpikiswano zomthetho - sisekelo ngokuhlola indlela yokucabanga emibono yeNkantolo Ephakeme, ikakhulukazi ephikisanayo enikeza ezinye izincazelo emibuzweni engokomthetho - sisekelo.

Zijwayeze ukusebenzisa izimiso zomthetho ezimweni ezicatshangelwayo. Uma ubhekana nesenzakalo esisha, zibuze: Imaphi amalungelo omthetho - sisekelo angase ahileleke? izinkantolo ziye zazisingatha kanjani izimo ezifanayo?

Ukuqaphela Ubunkimbinkimbi Nesimiso Senyama

Umthetho womthetho awuvamile ukuba lula noma uqonde. Amalungelo avame ukuphikisana noma aphikisana nezithakazelo zikahulumeni ezibalulekile, ifuna ukuba izinkantolo zilinganisele izindinganiso eziphikisanayo. Ukuqaphela lobu bunzima kukusiza ukuba ugweme ukuqonda ngokweqile amalungelo omthetho-sisekelo futhi uqaphele izahlulelo ezinzima ezifunwa yincazelo yomthetho - sisekelo.

Ungabaze ukuthi imibuzo yomthetho - sisekelo inezimpendulo ezisobala noma ukuthi noma ubani ongavumelani nayo umane nje unephutha noma wenza izinto ngendlela engalungile.

Izinyathelo Eziwusizo Zokuvivinya Amalungelo Akho Futhi Uwavikele

Ukuqonda izinyathelo eziwusizo zokugcizelela amalungelo akho kuqinisekisa ukuthi isivikelo somthetho - sisekelo siletha inkululeko yangempela ekuphileni kwakho.

Ukubhala Ukuthi Kungenzeka Amalungelo Aphulwe

Uma ukholelwa ukuthi amalungelo akho omthetho-sisekelo aphulwe, bhala lokho okwenzeka ngokuphelele ngangokunokwenzeka. Bhala imininingwane lapho isentsha enkumbulweni yakho, kuhlanganise nezinsuku, izikhathi, izindawo, abantu abahilelekile, futhi okushiwoyo kanye nokwenzekile. Hlanganisa ubufakazi obungokoqobo, izithombe, amavidiyo, noma imibhalo ehlobene nesenzakalo. Le mibhalo ingaba baluleke kakhulu uma unquma ukuphishekela isenzo esingokomthetho noma ukubhala isikhalo.

Ezimweni ezihilela ukuhlangana namaphoyisa, uma kuphephile ukwenza kanjalo, ukuqopha ucingo lwakho kunganikeza ubufakazi obubalulekile. Uvame ukuba neSichibiyelo Sokuqala esinelungelo lokuqopha amaphoyisa enza imisebenzi yawo phambi kwabantu, nakuba kufanele uqaphele imithetho eqondile kahulumeni wakho futhi ugweme ukuphazamisa imisebenzi yamaphoyisa.

Ukwazi Ukuthi Amalungelo Akho Awufanele Futhi Kanjani

Ukuqinisekisa amalungelo akho ngokuphumelelayo kudinga ukwazi ukuthi kufanele wenze nini futhi kanjani. Phakathi nokuhlangana kwamaphoyisa, ungaqinisa ilungelo lakho lokuthula ngokusho ngokucacile ukuthi usebenzisa lelolungelo. Unganqaba ukuphenya ngokusho ngokucacile ukuthi awuvumi. Uma uboshiwe, ungacela ummeli futhi ungayeka ukuphendula imibuzo kuze kube yilapho ummeli wakho ekhona.

Kwezinye izimo, ukuqinisekisa amalungelo kungahlanganisa izinqubo ezihlukene. Uma ukholelwa ukuthi inxusa likahulumeni liye laphula amalungelo akho, kungadingeka ubhale phansi izikhalo zokuphatha noma izikhalo. Uma amalungelo akho ephulwa ezinkantolo, ummeli wakho angaphakamisa izimpikiswano futhi alondoloze izimpikiswano ukuze adluliswe. Ukuqonda izinqubo ezifanele zezimo ezihlukahlukene kusiza ukuba amalungelo akho avikelwe.

Ukufuna Ikhambi Lokwephula Amalungelo

Uma amalungelo omthetho-sisekelo ephulwa, amakhambi ahlukahlukene angase atholakale. Ubufakazi obutholakala ngokuhlola okungekho emthethweni bungakhishwa ekuqulweni kwecala lobugebengu. Abantu abamalungelo abo ephulwayo bangase bakwazi ukumangalela impoqo ngaphansi kwemithetho yamalungelo omphakathi. Izikhalo zomthetho zingaholela ekuhloleni nasekulungiseni.

Buza kummeli ukuze uqonde amakhambi angase atholakale esimweni sakho. Izinhlangano zosizo ezingokomthetho namaqembu enkululeko yomphakathi zingasiza uma uye waphulwa kakhulu amalungelo kodwa ungakwazi ukunikeza iseluleko sangasese. Akuwona wonke amalungelo aphulwayo ayoba nekhambi elisebenzayo, kodwa ukuqonda izindlela zakho kukusiza ukuba wenze izinqumo eziqondile ngendlela ongasabela ngayo.

Ukwakha IMtapo Yezincwadi Yomuntu Siqu Yemithombo Yomthetho - sisekelo

Ukwakha iqoqo lemithombo enokwethenjelwa ngeBhili of Rights nomthetho - sisekelo kusekela ukufunda okuqhubekayo futhi kunikeza izikhombo lapho kuphakama imibuzo. Umtapo wakho wezincwadi ungahlanganisa izincwadi, amawebhusayithi abhalwe ngencwadi, izihloko ezigciniwe nezinye izinto ongahlola uma kudingeka.

Izincwadi Ezibalulekile

Bheka izincwadi ezihlonishwa izazi zomthetho - sisekelo ezichaza izimiso zomthetho - sisekelo eziqondiswe ezibukelini ezivamile.

Cabangela kokubili izincwadi ezingokomlando ezichaza umsuka nokuthuthukiswa kwamalungelo omthetho - sisekelo kanye nezincwadi zanamuhla ezikhuluma ngezimpikiswano zamuva zomthetho-sisekelo. Ingxubevange yemibono − ihlanganisa nezincwadi zabalobi abanezincazelo ezihlukahlukene zamafilosofi — zinikeza ukuqonda okuphelele kunokuthembela embonweni owodwa.

Imivubukulo Nezibekisi - zincwadi Ezikuyi - Internet

Izincwadi ezithembekile zamawebhusayithi ongabuyela kuwo ukuze uthole ukwaziswa nokwaziswa okusha. Izingosi zikahulumeni ezinjengeNational Archives, Library of Congress, neziNkantolo zase-U. zinikeza ukwaziswa okunegunya. Izinhlangano zemfundo njenge-National Constitution Center nezinhlangano ezingokomthetho njenge-ACLU zinikeza imithombo yezezimali eyigugu. Izincwadi zomthetho kanye nemithombo yezindaba ezigxile emthethweni zikusiza ukuba uhlale ukhona ngesikhathi esifanayo nezenzakalo.

Hlela izibekisi-bhukwi zakho zibe yizigaba − ulwazi olungokomthetho-sisekelo, izinguquko ezithile, imithombo yeNkantolo Ephakeme, izinto zokufundisa, kanye nezindaba zamanje − ukwenza ulwazi lutholakale kalula lapho udinga. Cabangela ukusebenzisa isimiso sokuthatha amaphuzu ngenombolo ukuze ugcine izihloko futhi wenze amaphuzu akho siqu nokufushanisa lokho okufundayo.

Iziqondiso Zezinhlayiya Nezikhombo Ezisheshayo

Izinhlangano eziningi zikhipha iziyalezo ezifakwa emaphaketheni kumalungelo omthetho-sisekelo ongaziphatha. Lezizikhombo ezisheshayo zingasiza ezimweni lapho kudingeka ukhumbule khona amalungelo akho, njengokuhlangana kwamaphoyisa. Nakuba zingathathi indawo yokuqonda okubanzi, lezi zinsiza zincwadi zinikeza izikhumbuzo ezingcono zesivikelo esiyinhloko.

Ezinye izinhlangano zinikeza izinhlelo eziklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukusiza abantu baqonde futhi basebenzise amalungelo abo ezimweni ezihlukahlukene.

Isiphetho: Uhambo Oluqhubekayo Lokufunda Ngokusemthethweni

Ukufunda ngamalungelo akho ngaphansi komsebenzi we-Bill of Rights akulona uhambo lwesikhathi esisodwa kodwa uhambo oluqhubekayo lwemfundo yomphakathi nokuthembisana. Izindlela ezihlelwe kulesi siqondiso, funda imithombo eyisisekelo, usebenzisa imithombo yemfundo, ukuthatha iziteshi zemisebenzi, ukubheka ochwepheshe bezomthetho, ukuhlola umthetho, ukulandela izenzakalo zamanje, ukujoyina izinhlangano, ukuthatha izifundo, ukuhambela amamnyuziyamu, ukuqonda izicelo ezisekelwe kumongo, ukufundisa abanye, ukuhlala uzazi intuthuko, ucabanga ngokugxeka ngencazelo, nokwakha umtapo wezincwadi womuntu siqu (*)

Akukho ndlela eyodwa esebenzela wonke umuntu, ngakho zama izindlela ezihlukene ukuthola okuthinta indlela yakho yokufunda kanye nezithakazelo. Abanye abantu bafunda kangcono kakhulu ngokufunda, abanye ngokuxoxa nangokusebenzelana, kanti abanye ngokuhlangenwe nakho kokwenza izinto ngezandla nangokusebenza. Ukuhlanganisa izindlela eziningi kudala ukuqonda okubanzi.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuqonda amalungelo akho omthetho-sisekelo kufeza izinjongo ezingaphezu kolwazi lwakho siqu. Izakhamuzi ezinolwazi lubalulekile ekuzilawuleni ngokwentando yeningi nasekulondolozeni inkululeko. Uma izakhamuzi ziwaqonda amalungelo azo, zingawasebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo, ziqaphele lapho zisongelwa, futhi zihlanganyele ngokunenjongo ezimpikiswaneni ngemibuzo yomthetho-mthetho sisekelo ethonya umphakathi.

I-Bill of Rights iye yavikela inkululeko eyisisekelo amakhulu amabili eminyaka, kodwa lesivikelo sinamandla njengesibopho sezakhamuzi sokuziqonda nokuzivikela. Ngokusebenzisa isikhathi nomzamo ekufundeni ngamalungelo akho omthetho-sisekelo, ufaka iqhaza emsebenzini oqhubekayo wentando yeningi yaseMelika futhi usiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi lezisivikelo ezibalulekile zihlala zikhona ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.

Qala nganoma iyiphi indlela ebonakala ifinyeleleka kakhulu − mhlawumbe ukufunda umbhalo weBill of Rights, ukuhlola ingosi kahulumeni, noma ukuya emcimbini wemfundo yendawo. Yakha khona, kancane kancane, yandise ulwazi lwakho futhi yandise ukuqonda kwakho. Uhambo lokufunda ukufunda umthetho-sisekelo luyikho okunika inzuzo eqhubekayo futhi lunikeze ukuqonda okucebisa ukuqonda kwakho umthetho, umlando, umphakathi, nendima yakho siqu njengesakhamuzi.

Ngemicebo eyengeziwe nokwaziswa okubanzi nge-Bill of Rights, vakashela i- Izinqolobane zezinqolobane zesizwe, uhlola izinto zokufundisa e [[FLT]][FLT][[FLT]][5] Isikhungo somthetho-sisekelo somthetho-mthetho wesizwe [[[FLT:]][6]][FLT] [[FLT]], noma ukungenisa izikole zesihle ngamapulati ][FLT][FLT:][FLT][FLT]]] Le mithombo ethembekile, ukwaziswa okungakholisayo ekusekeleni imfundo yakho eqhubekayo.