Umlando Wesilomo Nokuqhuma Kwaso

Ukuhlukaniswa kwabesifazane ezinqubweni zokuzikhethela kwakuyisici esivelele sezimiso zezombangazwe emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka. Ukunikeza amalungelo kwakuhlobene nokuba nempahla, iminikelo yentela, nenkonzo yezempi — yonke imibuso abesifazane ababevinjelwe ngokuhleleka. Umzabalazo wokufuna ukubhapathiza wawungeyona isenzakalo esisodwa kodwa umzabalazo wembulunga yonke owaweqa ngokungenakulinganiswa ezizweni, emasikweni, nasemasikweni angokomthetho.

Senika i-Falls Convention of 1848 eNew York iqashelwa kabanzi njengokuqala ngokusemthethweni kwenhlangano yabesifazane eUnited States. Ihlelwe nguElizabeth Cady Stanton noLucretia Mott, umhlangano waveza ukuhlelwa kweMithetho [[[FLT:] , okwabiza abesifazane ngokuqondile ukuba babe nelungelo lokuvota. Lesi senzakalo sahlanganisa amashumi eminyaka esenzeka, kuhlanganise nemibuthano, ukungalaleli, nokuvinja, nezinselele ezingokomthetho ezagcina ekuhlolweni kwe-'intelliations [FFOLD] [F:] ngo-1920]

Kusukela emhlabeni wonke, isikhathi sahluka kakhulu. iNew Zealand yaba isizwe sokuqala esizinika amalungelo okuvota abesifazane ngo-1893, silandelwa yi-Australia ngo-1902 (nakuba abesifazane bakhona bahlala bengahlalwa ngeminyaka engamashumi eminyaka). Abesifazane Fitland[[FLT:]] Fit] [[FLT]] ithole amalungelo agcwele ezombangazwe ngo-1906], baba abokuqala eYurophu ukuvota nokumela isikhundla. Ngokungafani, abesifazane [ku-[FLT: 4.] [iFLT] [ist:5] abakwazanga ukuzuza i-suffitzalk][4][5], kanye [FFLT][FLT][5][6]

Izinhlangano zezemposiso nazo zahlangana nezinye izimpi zokulingana. E-United States, abesifazane abamnyama babhekana nobandlululo olukabili — bekhishwa ezinhlanganweni eziningi ezinezinhlangothi ezimhlophe futhi, ngisho nangemva kweSichibiyelo sekhulu leshumi nethoba, ngokuvamile bavinjelwa ekuvotelweni ngentela yokuvota, ukuhlola kokufunda nokuphatha ngobudlova. [Umthetho we-Voting Rights ka-65] wawudingeka ukuba uqalise ukuqeda lemingcele, nakuba ukuvota kuyaqhubeka kuthinta abesifazane ngemibala namuhla.

Ifa elingokomlando lalokhu kukhishwa liyaqhubeka lithonya izindlela zokuvota zamanje. Ukucwaninga kubonisa ukuthi amazwe anezici ezinde zezenzakalo zabesifazane avame ukuba nezikhala ezincane ekuthatheni iqhaza lezombangazwe nokumelelwa kwazo. I-Inter-Parliamentary Union[ ilandela lemiqondo esemhlabeni wonke, inikeza ukwaziswa ngendlela umlando ovumelana ngayo nezigaba zamanje zobulili. Ukuqonda lesisekelo kubalulekile ekucubuleni ukuziphatha kobuvolo.

Izithiyo Zezinhlobo Zezinhlanga Zangesikhathi Esidlule

Ebuthweni lentando yeningi lanamuhla, ubulili bungenye yezibikezelo ezingaguquki kakhulu zokuziphatha kokuvota, nakuba isimo salelothonya siye sashintsha kakhulu kunengxenye yeminyaka ephakathi. Lapho abesifazane bake bancika khona ekuthatheni imingcele eqinile — ngokuvamile ukuvota ngokuvumelana nabayeni babo noma obaba — kuye kwenzeka ukuvumelana okuphawulekayo, ikakhulukazi emibusoni ebusa ngentando yeningi yaseNtshonalanga.

Ukucwaninga kwe [[QT:0] Isikhungo sokucwaninga kanye ne-American National Envotion Studies kwemitapo ephikelelayo yegebe lobulili ehlukanisayo nefuna ukukhethwa kweqembu. Abesifazane bathambekele kakhulu ekuqondeni nesigaba sesobunxele se-panel noma imibuthano eqhubekayo, kuyilapho amadoda ethambekele kakhulu emaqenjini abambelele ekwakheni noma ekunene. Lokhu kucwibela kuye kwanwe kusukela kuma-1980 futhi akukho sibonakaliso sobuncane.

Impikiswano ikubonisa ngokucacile lokhu kuhlukanisa. Abesifazane bahlala benomthamo wokufuna ukufinyelela [[FLT: 1], ukuxhasa ukuxhasa imali , [ izinhlelo zezenhlalakahle zezenhlalakahle[[[FLT:], [[FLT] ne[[FLT:] [[FLT]] amalungelo [[12]] njengezinto ezikhathaza kakhulu. [amadoda, ngokwesilinganiso, ukukhula kobuzwelo olungokwezentengiselwano [[FL:][FLT], [[FL:9], [FFLT], [FFFFF:] [10]], [FFLT], [12] izinga eliphezulu], [FFFF:], [FT] futhi aveza ukuhluka komnotho kwezomnotho, kodwa futhi abonakalisa ukunciphiselwa kwezententezo ezingoko zempilo.

Amaqoqo esigaba aphendule kulokhu kuhlehlela. E-United States, i-Democratic Party iye yagcizelela kakhulu izimiso zokukhokha umkhaya, ukunikeza izingane izinkonzo zokuzisebenzela, kanye nokuzilawula kokuzala, kuyilapho ukuthumelelana imiyalezo yaseRepublican iye yagxila ekususeni kwezomnotho naseSiphethweni Sesibini. Imiklamo efanayo ivela ku-[[FLT:] United Kingdom [[FLT] [[FLT:]] [1], lapho iLabource iheka khona abesifazane abengeziwe abavoti, [[FLT]] ne-EFLT] i-CFT [FFT] Commentationation Trist [FFFF:]][3] isekela kakhulu kunyulogo yokhetho.[FLT]

Igebe lobulili nabesilisa lihlobene nezinye izici zomphakathi. isimo somshado singumphathi onamandla: abesifazane abashadile basengozini kakhulu yokuvota abathatha imingcele kunabesifazane abangashadile, kuyilapho amadoda ashadile ethanda kakhulu ukuthatha isimilo kunamadoda angashadile. izinga lokuthola lidlala futhi indima ethile — abesifazane abanamadegree asekolishi basengozini enkulu yokuvota abathuthuki, kuyilapho ubulili bungatholani phakathi kwamavoti amancane phakathi kwamavoti.

Kubalulekile ukugwema ukuqiniswa ngokweqile. Akubona bonke abesifazane abavota ngendlela efanayo, futhi ubulili buyilens eyodwa kuphela yokuqonda ukukhethwa kwe-votor. Kodwa ukuvumelana nobukhulu begebe legebe lobulili ezimisweni zezombangazwe ezihlukahlukene kuyenza ibe ngenye yezinto ezitholakele ezinamandla kakhulu kwezezombangazwe.

Ukuvuleka Kwezindiza Nokuhlanganyela Ezingeni

Emazweni amaningi, kuye kwaba noshintsho olungokomlando: abesifazane manje bavota ngamazinga aphakeme kunamadoda, ukuthambekela okwakungabonakala kungenakwenzeka ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule lapho abesifazane beqala ukuvota.

Imininingwane evela ku- U.S. Censure Bureau Current Population Survey ibonisa ukuthi kunyulo lwama-2020 lukamongameli, 6.1% wabesifazane abafanelekayo bavota[ iqhathaniswa [[[FLT]]6].5% yamadoda afanelekayo — igebe lamaphuzu acishe abe 4.6]. Lokhu kuyaqhubeka kuphawula isilinganiso kusukela ngo 1980, lapho abesifazane beqala ukuthatha amazinga besilisa. Igebe yobulili likhulu likhulu phakathi kwabasha abavoti: abesifazane abangaphansi kwama-30 amavoti cishe ku-8-10% kunabesilisa babo.

Lendlela ibambelele kwezinye imibuso eminingi yentando yeningi. i-Canada kanye iFrance[ ne i-German [[, abesifazane balokhu bephuma ngokulinganayo noma ngokwezinga eliphezulu kunamadoda, ngokwe I-IDEA ye-partiography i-offatmsms. Izindawo ezingaphandle zivame ukuba emazweni lapho imingcele yezenhlalo noma engokomthetho ikhona — ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni ze-Mpuma Ephakathi ne-AyaseNingizimu, lapho ukuhamba nokungena kwabesifazane eziteshishini ezimelelweni.

Izinhlelo zokufuna abesifazane abahambayo zihlanganisa:

  • Ukutshala okukhulu kakhulu izinhlelo zokuxhumana — abesifazane bathambekele kakhulu ekuxoxeni ngokhetho nomkhaya nabangane nokubuthwa izinhlangano zomphakathi.
  • Ukufinyelela imfundo ephakeme kakhulu [ — abesifazane manje bahola amadegree amaningi asekolishi emazweni amaningi, futhi imfundo iyisibonakaliso esinamandla somvoti ovoti.
  • Izigxobo ezifakiwe — abesifazane bangase babe nomuzwa wokuthi ukhetho luthinta izindaba abazikhathalela ngokuqondile, njengokunakekela impilo, ukunakekela abantwana, namalungelo okuzala, okubangela ukuba kuvote.
  • Ukuthatha igalelo lesigaba [ — abesifazane abadala bavota ngamazinga aphakeme kakhulu, futhi abesifazane baphila isikhathi eside ngokwesilinganiso, benezela ekuthatheni ijubane eliphakeme kakhulu kwabesifazane emashadini amadala.

Nokho, ukuvota kukodwa akuthathi umfanekiso ophelele. Imizamo yokucindezela i-Voter ngokungenakuqhathaniswa ithinta abesifazane bemibala, abesifazane abathola imali ephansi, nabavoti abaphansi. Imithetho ye-Voter ID, inciphise amahora okuvota angaphambi kwesikhathi, futhi indawo yokuhlola idala imigoqo ecindezela amaqembu ahlukene kakade. Ingqungquthela yezibalo zobulili nesigaba isho ukuthi izibalo zokugobeza ifihla izinto eziphawulekayo phakathi kokhetho lwabesifazane.

Izici Ezibangela Ukungezwani Kwezinhlanga Emkhubeni Wokuziphatha Owokugcina Umzimba Usesimweni Esibucayi

Igebe lobulili ekuvoteni livela ezicini eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuhlangana kwezenhlalo, kwezomnotho, kwempucuko, nakwezezikhungo.

Ukuhlalisana Kwabantu Nendima Yesizwe Esingesilo Esifana Nesifazane

Kusukela ebuntwaneni, abantu bafakwa ezindinganisweni zobulili ezilawula imibono yabo yezwe kanye nezinto eziza kuqala kwezombangazwe. inkolelo-lwazi yendima [ isikisela ukuthi abesifazane basebenzelane nezindinganiso zomphakathi — ukunakekela, ukubambisana, nokunakekelana komphakathi — kuyilapho amadoda esebenzela izindinganiso zobunxusa — ukuncintisana, ukuzibusa, nokuthatha izingozi. Lemiklamo ibalazwe kahle ngokwezimiso eziphawulwe ebhokisini le-bolot.

Ukugcizelela okukhulu kwabesifazane kolwazi [[FLT: 0] olunendima ezilindelekile njengabagcini-mtholama. Lemiklamo ayinqunywa yonke indawo noma ngesayensi yezesayensi yezesayensi yezezomnotho, kodwa iqiniswa yimithombo yezindaba, imisebe, nethonya lontanga ekuphileni.

Imfundo Nesimo Sezomnotho

Igebe lokufundisa ubulili liye lashintsha emazweni amaningi athuthukile, nabesifazane manje abadlula amadoda emakholijini nasezingeni lokuthweswa iziqu. Imfundo ephakeme ihlanganisa isimo sezombangazwe esithuthukayo, ikakhulukazi ezindabeni zezenhlalo. Lolu shintsho lwemfundo lusiza ukuchaza ukuthi kungani abesifazane abasebasha bewumphakathi ohamba phambili ngokusemthethweni ekuvoteleni ezindaweni eziningi zedemokrati.

Izici zezomnotho futhi zibalulekile. Abesifazane bahlala besengozini kakhulu yokusebenza emsebenzini womphakathi [[FLT: 0] [imfundo, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, izinkonzo zezenhlalakahle) ezixhomeke ekuxhaseni imali kahulumeni, ezibenza basekele kakhulu izintela eziphezulu nemali esetshenziswa umphakathi. Abesifazane futhi babhekene negebe eliphikelelayo igebe elingapheli [, amazinga aphakeme omsebenzi wengxenye yesikhathi, kanye nokungalingani okukhulu], konke okukhulisa ukuthembela kwabo ezimisweni zomphakathi zokuphepha futhi ngaleyondlela kulololonga indlela yabo yokukhetha.

Imiphumela Yokumelela Neyokuthatha Icala

Ukuba khona kwabesifazane abafuna ukuvota kungenza ukuba bakhethe futhi baphendukele abesifazane. Cwangcisa ku- Journal of Politics [ kanye neminye imithombo ebonwayo yontanga kubonisa ukuthi abesifazane basengozini kakhulu yokuvota nokuhlanganyela emikhankasweni lapho abesifazane bevela kuvoti. lomphumela oyisibonelo [ unamandla kakhulu kwabesifazane abasebasha nabesifazane abanombala, ababona ukuthi babonakala bengabafuni nkonzo yabo.

Imicimbi eveza abesifazane abengeziwe bavame ukwenza kangcono phakathi kwabavoti besifazane jikelele, nakuba ubuhlobo buyinkimbinkimbi. Abesifazane abathatha imingcele bakwamanye amazwe babika ukuthi bazizwa bemelelwe kancane abesifazane abaya ngokuya beqala, besikisela ukuthi ukuhleleka kwemibono kusadlula ukubonakala kwabesifazane abaningi abavoti. Noma kunjalo, ukuthambekela kusobala: ukwandisa izinhlobonhlobo zabavoti abafuna ukuvota kwandisa isithembiso sokhetho kanye nezindlela zokuvota.

Ukushintsha Kwezizukulwane

Mhlawumbe akukho sici esinemiphumela engcono kune isizukulwane. Abesifazane abadala, ikakhulukazi labo abaneminyaka yobudala ngaphambi kwezinhlangano zamalungelo abesifazane zika 1970, bavame ukuvota ngokulandelana futhi babonise ubunye obungebona obuhle kakhulu ebhokisini lebhola. Izizukulwane ezisha — iMillenniums ne Gen Z — zibonisa igebe elibanzi kakhulu, nabesifazane abasebasha bethuthuka kakhulu futhi abasha behlukana kakhulu noma bethambekele kakhulu ekuthandeni.

Imininingwane evela ku- Ukuhlolwa kokukhetha kanye nokuhlola kuveza ukuthi igebe lobulili phakathi kwabavoti abangaphansi kuka-30 liye lakhula laba amaphesenti angu-20-25 emijikelezweni yokukhetha. Lokhu kuhlukanisa kwesizukulwane kusikisela ukuthi ubulili kanye nezindlela zokuvota kuqhubekela phambili njengeqembu elincane liba ingxenye enkulu yevotator.

Indima Yemikhosi Nemikhankaso Yezombangazwe

Amaqembu ezombangazwe awamane nje abonise igebe labesifazane — alolonga ngokuzikhandla ngokukhetha indawo yesikhulumi, ukukhetha abazongenela kuyo, nangokufuna ukufinyelela izinhloso.

Iqembu Eliyimiklamo Nesigungu Esiphawuliwe

Izindawo zemidlalo ziye zafunda ukuhlanganisa amapulatifomu azo ukuze zidlulisele izivikelo ezihlukene. amaphathi aqhubekekayo agcizelela izinqubo ezithintana nemisebenzi eshiwo kuqala yabesifazane: ukukhokha ikhefu lomkhaya, ukunakekelwa kwempilo yonke, ukunakekelwa kwezingane, ukukhokhelwa kwezimo zokuzala, kanye nokuvikelwa kwemithetho evimbela ubulili. Amaqembu ezomnotho [[ agcizelela ukukhula kwezezomnotho, izintela, izindinganiso zomkhaya (ngokuvamile ngendima yobulili), kanye nokulondeka kwesizwe.

Ukuphumelela kwalezi zikhalo kuxhomeke ekuthembekeni nasekuvumelaneni. Izabelo ziqondisa amaqembu akha umkhankaso wezindaba zabesifazane kodwa ahluleke ukuletha lapho esehhovisi. Imikhosi enerekhodi ebeka abesifazane ezikhundleni zobuholi [ kanye [FLT:] kanye [FLT] nokuhlikihla [iizindleko] zobungane zomkhaya [[[[FLTLT:3]]] iyakukha ukuthemba isikhathi eside novotikazi. Ngokuphambene, amaqembu abhekwa njengomelene nokulingana kwesigaba sobulili — isibonelo, labo abaphikisayo abakhokha umthetho olinganayo noma amalungelo okuzalayo — babhekene nezinkongo ezandayo zokhetho ezihambisana nezinkozo ezishintshayo.

Umkhankaso Wokuthungatha Nokuthunjwa

Amasu omkhankaso aveza ukungafani kwabobulili ngendlela abavoti abasebenzisa ngayo ukwaziswa futhi benze izinqumo. Abesifazane bathambekele kakhulu ekuthonyeni ipeer-ukuya-epeper, ukuya-okanye-omnyango [, , [[FLT:] izikhangiso zezesayensi yezindaba [[[FLT:]] [[FLT]]] [[FLT]]] ezisemithonjeni ethenjwa. Amadoda avame ukuphendula ukuya-oct:], [[FLT:], [FLT] izikhangiso], [FLT], [FFFFF], [FFFF]]

Imikhankaso yezibalo ivele ngokushesha. I-'FLT'S Center for Justice ibonisa ukuthi ukukhangisa okubhekiswe ebulilini emapulatifomuni njenge Facebook ne-Instagram kungaphumelela kakhulu ekunyukeni kwezindawo ezithile zenani lamanani. Nokho, lezizindlela ziphakamisa futhi ukukhathazeka ngecala elibini le- kanye [FLT] ne i-panetic travolution[, ikakhulukazi uma izibalo zabesifazane zisetshenziswa ekucindezeni amaqembu aphikisanayo.

Ukukhetha Nokuhlukahluka Kweqembu

Ukukhethwa kwabazohlolwa kuthumela izimpawu ezinamandla kubavoti. Imikhosi yokuthi ihlanganisa izileti ezihlukahlukene [ — kuhlanganise nabesifazane, abantu bemibala, ne-LGBTQ+-abavotiwe — ikhanga kakhulu kubavoti abamisa imidwebo ephambili. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abasebasha nabesifazane abanombala, ababika njalo ukwethemba okukhulu emaqenjini abonisa izinhlobonhlobo zemibala yabavoti.

Ngokuphambene, amaqembu asele abonisa ukuthi abesifazane basengozini enkulu yokuvota emachibini abo okufuna ukuvota abesifazane abavela kwamanye amazwe. Ukwaziswa okuvela ku- kwaseMelika Women noProtical [ kubonisa ukuthi abesifazane basengozini kakhulu yokuvota lapho bebona abazofunda isizinda nokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo, kugcizelela ukubaluleka kwezinhlelo ze-patrop eziqamba futhi ziqeqeshe abesifazane ukuba bangene esikhundleni.

Ukuhlola Icala Embusweni Wesigebengu Nasebuholini Bezombangazwe

Izibonelo eziqondile zabaholi besifazane bezombangazwe zinikeza ukuqonda okuwusizo ngendlela amathonya obulili akhethwa ngayo nemiphumela yokubusa.

U-Angela Merkel: Isandla saseJalimane esiqinile

Iminyaka engu-16 ka-Angela Merkel njenge-Chancellar yaseJalimane inikeza isibonelo esishukumisayo somholi wesifazane owalungisa kabusha isikhalo seqembu lakhe. Umholi kaMerkel we- wobuChristian Democratic Union (CDU) walinganisela umfanekiso weqembu, wayenza yamukeleka kakhulu kubesifazane abavoti kuyilapho begcina imithetho yezemali engokwesiko. Ngaphansi kwe-Merkel, ukusekela kweCDU kwahlala kuqinile, ukuphumelela okuphawulekayo okunikezwa umfanekiso wesiko wesifadi.

Indlela kaMenkel yokuhola — i-Pragmatic, iqaphe, ne-data — isho okuphambene namagama obulili ngaphandle kokubhekana nawo ngokuqondile. Ukubaluleka kwakhe njengesibonelo esinendima kusekelwa ukucwaninga okubonisa ukuthi ukubopha kwabesifazane baseJalimane ngokwezombangazwe kwanda phakathi nesikhathi sakhe sokubusa, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abasebasha ababebheka umholi wesifazane njengovamile kunokuba abe ongavamile.

IKamara Harris: Ukuqeda Izithiyo Eziningi

Ukhetho lwe-Kamara Harris njengomongameli wokuqala wabesifazane wase-United States — kanye nowesifazane wokuqala omnyama nowesifazane wokuqala waseNingizimu Asia ukuba abambe ihhovisi — lwaba nethonya elingcono kakhulu ekuboleni abavoti. Ukuhlola i-Pew Research Center[ yathola ukuthi umvoti wabesifazane abaNsundu ngo-2020 wayephakathi kweqembu elikhulu kunawo wonke, elaliqhutshwa ngokwengxenye ngentshiseko ngenxa ye-Revolution yakwaHarris.

Harris akaqoqwanga kuphela abesifazane abamnyama kodwa futhi nabesifazane abasebasha phakathi kwezinhlanga. [[FLT: 0] Umbambo Wolwazi nokucwaninga ngeCBICO Learning and Incivement (CIRCLEment) eTufts University ubika ukuthi intsha yaphuma ngo-2020 yayiphakeme phakathi kwabesifazane abasebasha, futhi uHarris wacashunwa njengesihluthulelo sokuhlola ngemva kohlelo. Lendaba igcizelela indlela yokumelela [ ukwenziwa kwecatastry [[FLT]]] ububanzi bezehlukaniso [[FLT]]]

Jacinda Ardern: Ukuhola Kwezinkinga Nohlobo

Owake waba nguNdunankulu waseNew Zealand uJacinda Ardern unikeza indaba ehlukile. Ukuhola kwakhe phakathi nobhadane lwe-COVID-19, ukudubula kwe-Christcastry, nokuqhuma kwentabamlilo eWhite Island kwadunyiswa kabanzi ngozwela lwako, ukunquma, nokubona. Izilinganiso ze-Arterern zazilokhu ziphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwabesifazane kunamadoda, ziveza igebe elibanzi lobudogoci ngendlela izimfanelo zobuholi ezilinganiswa ngayo.

Ukucwaninga okwakhishwa ku Ukuziphatha okungaguquguquki kwathola ukuthi abaholi besifazane bavame ukugcinwa ezindinganisweni ezihlukene phakathi nezinkinga — bangadunyiswa ngozwela kodwa bagxekwe ngobuthakathaka obubonakalayo. U-Ardern wakwazi ukudlula kulesibopho esimbaxa-mbili, kodwa okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kuqokomisa izinselele eziqhubekayo abesifazane ababhekene nazo ezindinganisweni zobuholi nokuthi lemibono ingena kanjani ekuziphatheni kokuvota.

Izilinganiso Zesizukulwane Nezingaxhunyiwe

Ukukhula, uhlanga, isigaba, ubulili, nokuma kwezwe okungabangela ukuziphatha okuhlukile kakhulu phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane.

Iminyaka: I - General Gulf Eyandayo

Igebe lobulili phakathi kwabavoti abadala (65+) lincane ngokwesilinganiso — ngokuvamile amaphesenti angu-5-10 amaphuzu. Phakathi kwabavoti abangaphansi kuka-30 igebe liye lakhula laba amaphuzu angu-20-30 kokhetho. Lokhu kuhlukana kwesizukulwane akubonisi nje okuhlangenwe nakho okuhlukile kokuphila kodwa futhi kuguqula [ ukuhlalisana kwezombangazwe [: abesifazane abasebasha baye bakhula benezindinganiso ezilinganayo zobufana nabobulili obulinganayo, kuyilapho amadoda amasha eye achayeka kokubili imiyalezo engokwezenzweni nangokwezehlukahluka-ubufana ngolwembutho.

Imininingwane evela ku- Ukuhlolwa kokhetho ibonisa ukuthi ukusebenzelana kobudala kunamandla kakhulu eUnited Kingdom, lapho ukusekela kweQembu lentsha elihlangeneyo kuye kwehla kancane kakhulu kunaphakathi kwabesifazane abasebasha. Izindlela ezifanayo zivela eCanada, e-Australia, nangasentshonalanga ye-Europe, kusikisela ukushintshwa kwezesayensi yezombangazwe.

Uhlanga Nobuhlanga

Uhlanga luhlela indlela ngokuyinhloko ubulili obuthonya ngayo ukuvota. E-United States, [[FLT:] Abesifazane abamnyama bayindawo yokuvota yeDemocratic, enabesifazane abasekela iDemocratic commerce (inani lama-Democratic commocratic comments) abangaphezulu kuka-90% okhethweni lwamuva. i-Latinavota[ futhi incike kakhulu i-Democratic democratic [[iffel:] i-a incincane kakhulu [[FLT], ngokwehlukene kakhulu, i-ovalwa kakhulu kuka-Donald Trump ngo-2016 no-2020], naphezu kwegebengu-yobufana phakathi kwabamhlophe (abesifazane abamhlophe abasekela i-Riphabliki elingaphezulu kunabande kunabamhlophe).

Lokhu kungafani kwezinhlanga kubonisa ukuhluka kwemilando nesimiso. Abesifazane abansundu babala ushintsho lobulungisa bobugebengu, ukungenela kwezempilo, nokulingana kwezomnotho njengezindaba eziphambili. Izinto eziza kuqala zabesifazane abamhlophe zihlukahluka kakhulu, zinezehlukaniso ezinkulu zemfundo nenkolo. Astanian aseMelika [ imelela amandla akhulayo akhethayo, ancike edemocratic kodwa abonisa futhi izinhlobonhlobo zangaphakathi ezisekelwe kwimvelaphi nesizukulwane sesizwe.

Ikilasi Nemfundo

Imfundo iyindlela enamandla yokuveza igebe lobulili. Abesifazane abane [FLT: 0] amadegree basengozini kakhulu yokuvotela abazothatha intuthuko kunabesifazane abangakhokhi. Phakathi kwamadoda, igebe lemfundo lincane kodwa libalulekile — amadoda angangeni ndawo eqongelele kakhulu kuvoti.

Isigaba sezezomnotho sifeza indima. Ubungani bunciphile igebe lobulili obufanayo, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabavoti abasebenzayo, njengoba abesifazane namadoda bethanda ukusekela izifekethiso ze-promistry. Izinga lokungena lithinta izindlela zokuvota ngokwehlukile ngokobulili: abesifazane abathola imali abahlala bethuthuka kakhulu kunabesilisa abathola kakhulu, okusikisela ukuthi ubulili obufana nobufana buyaqhubeka ngisho naphakathi kwabacebile.

Izicelo Zokukhetha Nezimiso Ziyaqhubeka

Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kobulili nokuvota kuveza imiphumela ejulile ekusebenziseni inqubo yezombangazwe, ukubusa, nokumelela intando yeningi.

Iqhinga Elimangalisayo Nokulayeza

Imikhankaso ehlulekayo ukuveza ukuhluka kwendlela yokuhlukanisa ubulili yenza kanjalo engozini. Igebe elikhulayo lobulili phakathi kwabavoti abasebasha lisho ukuthi abasha abangazinaki izindaba zabesifazane basengozini yokulahlekelwa yiso sonke isizukulwane sabavoti. Data-driventing isisulu [[ liyoba eliyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kodwa kumelwe ligweme ukuhlanganisa izibalo noma ukwahlukanisa imigqa ehlukanisa ubulili ngezindlela ezinwebeka kakhulu.

Imizamo yokuthola i-out-out-volution kufanele ilungise izithiyo eziqondene nobulili, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abanombala, abathola inzuzo ephansi, kanye nabavoti ababhekene nezithiyo eziphakeme zokuhlanganyela. Ukuvota kwakuqala, ukuvota ngeposi, nezindawo zokuhlola ezifinyelelweyo ezizuzisa kakhulu abesifazane, abavame ukusebenza ngokungenamdladlana kanye nokunakekela imithwalo yemfanelo eyenza ukuvota kube yinselele.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezimiso Nokumelelwa Kwazo

Njengoba ithonya labesifazane likhula, izinqumo zezimiso ziyashintsha. Amazwe anezimemo eziphakeme ezindlu zomthetho athambekele ekusebenziseni izimiso zomkhaya eziphanayo, izimiso zokunakekela impilo ezinamandla, kanye nokutshala imali eningi emfundweni. i-World Economic Forum's Global Gender Ballege Report[[FL:] ilandela leminxushuwa esemhlabeni wonke, ibonisa ukuthi amandla ezombangazwe abesifazane ahlobene nemiphumele yabaningi.

Nokho, ukumelelwa kuphela akwanele. Abesifazane abashaya imithetho ehlukahlukene phakathi kwemikhakha yezombangazwe baletha imibono ehlukene, futhi ukukhuphuka kwenani labesifazane ababambelele emahhovisi kungaveza imiphumela ehlukile yezimiso kunaleyo ethandwa abesifazane abathuthukayo. Ukumelela okubhaliwe [ (abaholi ababukeka njenge-vhotate) kumelwe bahlanganiswe nophawu oluthiwa olunemithetho efana ne-pactivession [ (izinto ezikhonziwa yizidingo zomfako) ukuze kushintshelwe isikhathi eside.

Ukucwaninga Okuqhubekayo Neqoqo Lokwaziswa

Ukuqonda ubulili kanye nokuvota kudinga ukuqhubekeka kokucwaninga okuthatha okuhlangenwe nakho okuhlukahlukene komvoti , ukucubungula amafayela [, kanye nezifundo ezithatha okuhlangenwe nakho okuphilayo [ ezithatha okuhlangenwe nakho kwabavoti. i-American National Evolution Studies [, [[FLT:]] ukutadisha iEctoralcts[FLT], kanye nezifundo zokhetho kwamanye amazwe zinikeza ulwazi olubalulekile, kodwa izithuba ezishiyekile kakhulu — ikakhulukazi ezihambelanayo nangaphandle kwe-ediv.

Abacwaningi futhi bahlola indlela ehlanganisa ngayo i-palline , imikhankaso ye-information [, kanye ne-algothrithism ehlohlwayo [[ ukuxhumana nobulili kanye nokuziphatha kokuvota. Njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwemizwa yezemizwa kuyayandisa futhi ukuhlangana kwenda, igebe lingasenyuka, kudinga amasu avumelanayo amaqembu ezombangazwe nezobudemokhrasi.

Ikusasa lezombangazwe zokhetho liyololongwa ukuhlanganiswa kwenqubo yobulili nesizwe, isizukulwane, nesigaba.