Izikhawu ezisebenzayo phakathi kwabafundi abavela ezizindeni ezihlukene zezenhlalo, zezinhlanga, nangokobuzwe ziseyinselele engapheli nephuthumayo ezikoleni zendawo enqamule i-United States. Ngokwe-National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), igebe ekufundeni nakwezezibalo phakathi kwabafundi abavela ezindaweni eziphezulu neziphansi ezihlukene, igebe phakathi kwemikhaya ekhona lihlale liqinile phakathi kweshumi leminyaka elidluleyo, namashumi amabili amashumi amabili aphansi angaphansi kwamashumi amaqoqo ontanga babo abacebile. Ngokufanayo, ukuhlukana kwemigqashukade phakathi kwemigqa yezemfundo ezinhlanga kuya ngokuphawulekayo: amaBlabhu ne-Hispania ambalwa kakhulu abafundi abavela ezingeni ezingeni eliphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlangano zemfundo ezindaweni ezimhlophe nezindawo zemfundo eziphambili, ukusekela izinhlangano kwemindeli yemfundo yomphakathi, ukusekela nokulingana kwemindeli emphakathi nezinhlangano zezemfundo, izinhlangano zezemiphakathi, izinhlangano zezemfundo eziwusizo zezentengo yomphakathi, idiyo, idiyo ezindaweni eziphambili,

Ukuqonda Igebe Eliphumelelayo: Izimbangela Eziyinhloko Namaqiniso

Igebe lokuphumelela alisona isenzakalo esisodwa kodwa isimo sokwehlukana okuyinkimbinkimbi okubonakala ngezindlela eziningi: amanani okuhlola, ukuthweswa iziqu, ukufinyelela umsebenzi ophambili, imiphumela yokuqeqeshelwa ukuthatha iziphakamiso, nokuvuselelwa kwekholiji. Lezizikhawu ngokuvamile zithathelwa ezicini zokwakha kokubili ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwesikole. Isimo sezomnotho singesinye sezilinganiso ezinamandla kakhulu zokuphumelela kwemfundo yesikole; abafundi abaphila ngobumpofu babhekana nezinselele ezinjengokungalondeki kokudla, izindlu ezintengantengi, nokungatholanga mandla okucebisa imisebenzi imikhaya ecebile ethatha kalula. Izimiso zobuhlanga zifeza indima enamandla, njengoba izikole ezifunda ezifunda ezifunda kakhulu kuBlabhulabhu naku, ezisezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu, futhi zingena othisha abaphambili kakhulu.

Ukucwaninga kweBrookings Institution kuqokomisa ukuthi igebe lokuphumelela kwemali manje likhulu kunegebe elimnyama eliphumele phambili, elibonisa ukuhlukana okukhulayo kwezomnotho emiphakathini yaseMelika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imingcele yolimi kubafundi abangamaNgisi kanye nemiphumela yokulimala ngenxa yobudlova bomphakathi noma ukuphazamisana kwemikhaya. Ukuvala lezindawo ezihlukene, imiphakathi kumelwe idlulele ngalé kokucabanga okusekelwe ekuncipheni futhi kunalokho ibone futhi ibhekane nezithiyo ezivimbela bonke abafundi ekufinyeleleni amandla abo agcwele. Lokhu kuqala ngolwazi olucacile, ukuqonda okucacile ngezimo zomphakathi nokuzimisela ukunikela ngezixazulu zobufakazi obusekelwe ebufakazi.

Ukwakha Isibopho Esiqinile Somphakathi Nobuhlobo

Akukho nhlangano eyodwa engavala igebe lokuphumelela kuphela. Imizamo ephumelela kakhulu ihlanganisa ukubambisana okujulile, okuqinile phakathi kwezikole, imikhaya, izinhlangano zomphakathi, amabhizinisi, nohulumeni wendawo. Lokhu kubambisana kwakha inxanxathela yokusekela ezungeza abafundi ngemithombo yemali, ubuhlobo, namathuba okudingeka ukuba bachume. Ukubophana komphakathi okuqinisekile kusho ukuqhubekela ngalé kokuxhumana okungahambi phambili ekuthuthukiseni izixazululo nabantu abathinteke kakhulu ngenxa yokungalawuleki.

Umkhaya Ohileleke Njenge - cornestone

Ukuhlanganyela kwemikhaya ekufundiseni izingane zabo kungenye yezinqubo ezinamandla kakhulu zokunciphisa igebe lokuphumelela. Ukucwaninga njalo kubonisa ukuthi lapho imikhaya ihileleke ngenkuthalo, abafundi baba namamaki aphezulu, ababa khona, futhi banesimo sengqondo esihle kakhulu ngokufunda. Nokho, izindlela ezingokwesiko zokubopha abazali ngokuvamile azikwazi ukufinyelela emikhayeni ehlukene ngokwemingcele. Izikole kumelwe zithathe amasu okuthatha izinqubo zokuphumelela ngokwesiko, njengokunikeza izimali zemali ehlukene, ukusekela izenzakalo ngezikhathi ezivumela abazali abasebenzayo, nokunikeza ukunakekelwa kwabantwana kanye nokuhamba. Ukwakha imikhandlu emelela ukwahlukahlukana komphakathi. Izinhlelo zezentengiselwano zomphakathi ziqinisekisa ukuthi amazwi emibala ephansi, anezinzuzo ezifinyelayo, kanye nabafuduki zizwa abazali bezenza izinqumo. Izinhlelo ezifana nothisha abavakashisi basemakhaya zakha kanye nokuzwa ngokuzindla izingane ngokuzingela imingcele phakathi kwemikhaya, nokuphula imingcele yesikole.

Izinhlelo Ezisekelwe Emphakathini Ezigcwalisa Amagebe

Ngemva kokufundisa esikoleni, ukuthatha izinyathelo zokufundisa ehlobo, kanye nokufundisa umphakathi kungasingatha ngokuqondile ukulahlekelwa futhi kunikeze ukucebisa okungase kungabikho ekhaya. Izinhlelo ezinjenge-Boys & Girls Clubs of America ne-YMCA yasendaweni ekhona zinomlando omude wokusekela kwezemfundo, ezobuciko, nemidlalo esendaweni ephephile, ehleliwe. Le zinhlelo ziphumelela kakhulu lapho zihlela izifundo zazo ngemigomo yokufunda yosuku lwesikole futhi zixhumana njalo nothisha bekilasi. Izinhlelo ze-Mentorrapycrates zingenza abafundi abadala abakhathalelayo abavela ezizindaneni ezifanayo bathuthukise ukuzisekela kolwazi, ubuciko, ikakhulukazi kubafana abavame abangenazo izibonelo zezemfundo ezifundisayo. Izinhlelo zemfundo eziphambili, izinhlangano zezenteko yezenteko, izinhlangano zezemfundo, izinhlangano zemfundo eziphezulu nabanga inzuzo ekhona ukuze bathuthukise amathuba okusebenza futhi bathuthukise amathuba okutholakalayo.

Ukufundisa Okuxubile Ngesiko Kuya Kuzo Zonke Ikilasi

Othisha basemaphethelweni okuvala igebe lokuphumelela, futhi imikhuba yabo yokufundisa ingaphakamisa noma iphikise izinto ezihlukile ezikhona. Imfundiso ethatha indinganiso yempucuko (CRT) iyindlela eqaphela ukubaluleka kokuhlanganisa izikhombo zabafundi ezingokwesiko kuzo zonke izici zemfundo. Uma othisha beqonda izizinda zabafundi, izilimi, nokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo, bangaklama izifundo ezibaluleke ngokwengeziwe, ezithatha inxaxheba, nezifinyelelekayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokusebenzisa ababhali bemibala, ukuhlanganisa umculo nobuciko ezinkonzweni ezihlukahlukene, nokuhlanganisa izinkinga zezibalo nezindaba zezibalo ezingokoqobo ezisezindaweni zabafundi kwenza ukufunda kube nengqondo ngokwengeziwe.

I-CRT idinga futhi othisha ukuba bahlole ubandlululo lwabo siqu nezindlela izimiso zesikole eziye zalulaza ngazo ngokomlando. Izinhlelo zentuthuko zobuchwepheshe ezinikeza ukuqeqeshwa okuqinile ezindaweni zokusebenzela ezisabelayo ngokwesiko, kunendawo eyodwa ngaphandle, zibalulekile. I-National Education Association (NEA) inikeza imithombo namathuluzi okusiza abafundisi ukuba basebenzise i-CRT kuwo wonke amabanga aphakathi. Izikole eziye zathatha isibopho sesikole sokunikeza umbiko wempumelelo elinganiselwe kanye nesimo sezulu esiqinile, ikakhulukazi kuBlabhula, i-Spanish, ne-Indivational Hoverlands. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganisa imikhuba yokuvuselela iziyalezo ezilulekweni zemfundo yamapulazi.

Ukusingatha Izithiyo Zesimiso Sokusebenzela Izwe Ngomthetho Nokuphambana

Nakuba kudingeka izinguquko zegumbi lokufundela, azanelanga ngaphandle kokuhlela izakhiwo ezibhakwe ezimisweni zemfundo. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezimali phakathi kwezifunda kuphakathi kwemingcele eqinile kakhulu. Ezizweni eziningi, intela yempahla ilawula izimali zesikole, okusho ukuthi izikole ezisezindaweni ezinezimali eziphansi zithola imali encane kakhulu kunalezo ezisezindaweni ezicebile. Ukuxhasa kwezemfundo engcono kakhulu kwemitapo ehlukene yemali ehleliwe kuyindlela enzima yoshintsho. Izinhlangano ezinjenge-Education Trust zifaka izimali ezisekelwe ekwandisweni, uma ziqondiswe ezikoleni ezimpofu kakhulu, zingaholela ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu ezikoleni ezingcono, ezizezezezezezezezezezezezeze, futhi zihole iholo elingcono, futhi uthisha olwazi oluphakeme kakhulu.

Ezinye izithiyo ezihlelekile zihlanganisa ukufinyelela okungalinganiyo emsebenzini wezifundo eziphambili (njenge-AP, i-IB, nezinhlelo ezinesiphiwo), izimiso ezicwasayo, nokudluliselwa kwabafundi bemibala emfundweni ekhethekile ngaphandle kwezisekelo ezifanelekile. Amabhodi esikole nabaholi besigodi kumelwe bahlole le misebenzi ehlukene ukuze baphawule izikhalaze futhi basebenzise izinguquko. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlolwa kwendawo yonke izinhlelo eziphiwe kunezimiso eziphiwe kunokuzikhombisa kuthisha kungazindisa kakhulu ukungenela kwabafundi abamnyama nababhishobhisi nama-Spenish. Ukususa imikhuba yokuyala nokusekela imfundo yezenhlalakahle kanye nezempilo yezenhlalakahle, igcine abafundi besesigabeni naseminyango. Imiphakathi ingasekela izimemezelo yokukhuthaza leyo zimiso ezikhona, njengesibonelo sesikole, izikole zezezemfundo, ezezenhlalakahle, ezemfundo yezemfundo, ezemfundo yezenhlala.

Ukungenela Kwabantwana Besebancane: Ukuqala Ngaphambi Kokuba Igebe Livuleke

Ukucwaninga kusobala ukuthi igebe lokuphumelela liqala ngaphambi kokuba umntwana aqale ekilasini lenkulisa. Izingane ezivela emikhayeni ethola imali encane zizwa, ngokwesilinganiso, yizigidi ezingu-30 zimbalwa amagama uma zineminyaka emithathu kunontanga abacebile, futhi zingafani ekutholeni okuhlangenwe nakho okusezingeni eliphezulu kokufunda kwasekuqaleni kuhlanganisa leligebe. Izinhlelo zenkulisa ezilinganayo, njengasemdlalweni wangaphambi kweK neNhloko, ziye zaboniswa ukuthuthukisa ukuzimisela kwesikole, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezinezizinda eziphansi. Nokho, ukufinyelela kuhlala kunezingalingani, nemikhaya eminingi engakwazi ukukhokha amashela ezindaweni ezithile noma ukuthola ukuthi izinhlelo zomphakathi zinomlindinga omude.

Amasu omphakathi okwandisa imfundo yabantwana basemancane ahlanganisa ukusebenzelana nezikhungo zokunakekela izingane zendawo ukuze zithuthukise izinga, ukumisa izinhlelo ezihambela ekhaya eziqeqesha abazali ngokufunda nokubhala nokubhala, nokwakha “ukulungele ukunikela” amashabhu abaphathi. I-Perry Preeducary Studyry ne-Abediarian Project yabonisa ukuthi ukungenela kwabantwana besebancane kakhulu kwaveza intuthuko ende yemfundo, iholo, futhi kwanciphisa ubugebengu. Ukutshala kulezinhlelo kuleyo zinhlelo akunciphini nje kuphela igebe eliphumele kodwa futhi kuveza inzuzo enkulu ekuthengeni kwenani eligcwele lomphakathi.

Ukusebenzisa Imininingwane Ukuze Uqhubele Ekwenzeni Isinqumo Esifanele

Ukuze kuvalwe izikhala, izikole nemiphakathi kumelwe yazi ukuthi zikhona. Imininingwane ehlukaniswa ngokohlanga, iholo, isikhundla sesiNgisi, nemfundo ekhethekile ivumela abaholi ukuba babone ukuthi yimaphi amaqembu abafundi awohlokayo nokuthi yiziphi izihloko. Ukwaziswa okumelwe kusetshenziswe ukujezisa izikole kodwa ukuhlasela imithombo yezezimali nokungenela ngokuphumelelayo. Izimiso zakuqala zokuxwayisa abafundi abahlala bengekho, izifundo ezingaphumeleli, noma ukuvezelelwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha kwenza izikole zikwazi ukungenela ngaphambi kokuba izinkinga zikhule.

Izinhlangano zomphakathi zingaqoqa futhi zihlanganyele ukwaziswa ezicini zesikole ezingaphandle, njengokungalondeki kokudla, ukungahleleki kwezindlu, nokuthola ukunakekelwa kwempilo − okuthinta ukusebenza kwemfundo. Isivumelwano se-data esibanzi phakathi kwezikole, inzuzo, nezinhlangano zenkonzo yezenhlalakahle, kanye nezikhungo ezifanele zezokuvikela umntwana ngokwezemfihlo, kungakha umfanekiso ophelele wezidingo zengane. Ngokwesibonelo, umfundi ohlala engekho njalo angase abhekane ne-asmasma noma ukuntula izinto zokuhamba; isikhungo sezempilo somphakathi noma isimiso somshayeli wezisebenzi zokuzithandela singakhuluma ngalesi sisusa. Amathuluzi anjengesisusa se [[FLT:] [FLT]] ukucwaninga kwezempumelelo ukucwaninga kwezempumelelo.

Ukusekela Imizwelo Yomphakathi Nempilo Yengqondo

Amagebe afezwayo awawona nje amamaki angokwemfundo; futhi angokomzwelo. Abafundi ababhekana nobuhlungu, ubumpofu, noma ukucwaswa baletha labo abacindezelekile ekilasini. Ngaphandle kokusekela, lezi zici zingavimbela ukugxilisa ingqondo, inkumbulo, kanye nesisusa. Izinhlelo zezenhlalakahle (i-somory) ezifundisa ukuzihlukanisa, amakhono obuhlobo, kanye nokwenza izinqumo ezingokomthetho zibonakala zithuthukisa kokubili ukuziphatha nemiphumela yezemfundo. Uma i-SLE ihlanganiswa phakathi kwezifundo nezindlela zemfundo, bonke abafundi bazuza, kodwa imiphumela ivezwa ngokukhethekile ngalabo abasengozini kakhulu.

Izinkonzo zempilo yengqondo zinzima ngokufanayo. Abafundi abaningi abafikayo abaphansi abanakho ukukwazi ukunikeza iseluleko noma ukwelashwa, okuholela ekukhuthazeni ukukhathazeka okungalapheki, ukucindezeleka, noma ukuziphatha okungandisa igebe. Izikole zingasebenzelana nezinhlangano zezempilo yengqondo zomphakathi ukuze zinikeze izinkonzo ezisezinsingweni zezengqondo, kungaba ezisemitholampilo eqinile noma ezizingeni elihambayo. Isihloko se-Edutopia sokukhuthaza ukufica sinikeza izibonelo eziwusizo zezikole eziye zasiza lezi zinhlangano ezisekelayo ngokuphumelelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqeqesha ukufundisa izimpawu zenhlekelele nokusabela ngemizwano kusiza abafundi ukuba bagcine behileleke ekufundeni.

Ukubuyisela Nokunakekela Izisebenzi Ezihlukahlukene Zokufundisa

Ukucwaninga okuqhubekayo kubonisa ukuthi abafundi bemibala bayazuza ngokwemfundo nasemphakathini ngokuba nothisha abanohlanga olufanayo. Uthisha wohlanga olufanayo angasebenza njengesibonelo, anciphise ubandlululo oluphelele ekuthandeni nasekuyaleni, futhi anikeze ubuchule obungokwesiko ekufundiseni. Nokho izisebenzi ezifundisayo zihlala zimhlophe kakhulu (cishe u-80%), kuyilapho indikimba yabafundi ihlukene kakhulu. Izinhlelo zobufundisi zomphakathi, njenge- “Grow Your - An" programspectives, apps, i-paramprosions, applications, ikholications, ikholiji, nesikole esiphakeme esinesithakazelo ekufundiseni futhi esizinikezeni izindlela zokufundisa futhi ezinikeza iziteshizo. Izinhlelo ezinikeza usizo lobungane, umeluleki, nokulungiselela izinhlelo zemali.

Retention is equally important. Teachers of color often face isolation and a lack of support in predominantly white schools. Creating affinity groups, mentorship networks, and culturally inclusive professional development improves retention rates. Communities can also advocate for higher pay and better working conditions, which benefit all teachers. The NEA’s resources on culturally responsive teaching provide guidance for creating an environment where diverse educators can thrive.

Isibonelo Sesikole Somphakathi: Indlela Enenselele

Esinye sezici eziphumelela kakhulu zokunciphisa izikhala zempumelelo yisiko lesikole somphakathi. Isikole somphakathi siyindawo kanye neqembu lobudlelwane elihlanganisa izifundiswa, impilo nemisebenzi yezenhlalo, ukuthuthuka kwentsha nomphakathi, nokuthembisana komkhaya. Isikole siba isikhungo somphakathi, ngokuvamile esivuleka ngaphambi nangemva kwesikole, ngezimpelasonto, nangehlobo. Izinkonzo zingahlanganisa imitholampilo yezokwelapha namazinyo, amakilasi emfundo engqondo, amagumbi okudla, nosizo olungokomthetho.

Ubufakazi bezikole zomphakathi bunamandla. Ukubukeza kuka-2017 kwe-Dial Policy Institute kwathola ukuthi izikole zomphakathi ezigcotshwayo zithuthukisiwe, ukuphumelela kwabafundi, nesimo sezulu sesikole. Ngokwesibonelo, eCincinnati, izikhungo zomphakathi zokufundela ukuthweswa iziqu eziphezulu kanye nezindawo ezimngcingo zokuphumelela, ikakhulukazi kubafundi abamnyama nabathola imali encane. Isihluthulelo sokuphumelela yimpumelelo umxhumanisi wesikole wesikhathi esigcwele ophatha ubudlelwano obunye futhi aqinisekise ukuthi izinkonzo zivumelana nezidingo zabafundi. isihloko se-ASCD ekwakheni izikole zomphakathi [] sichaza izinyathelo ezingathathwa yizinkundla zokuthatha lohlobo olunamandla.

Isiphetho: Umthwalo Wemfanelo Wokuhlanganyela Ngobulungisa

Ukuvala izikhala zempumelelo ezikoleni zendawo akuwona umsebenzi onganikezwa othisha kuphela. Kudinga umzamo womphakathi ohlanganisa ukuthembisana komkhaya, ukufundisa okunempumelelo ngokwesiko, ushintsho lwezimiso, ukutshala izimali zisencane, ukuhlelwa kwemininingwane, ukusekela kwempilo, nokusekela kwezempilo yezempilo yomphakathi. Isikole ngasinye sinamandla kakhulu kuso, kodwa siphumelela kakhulu lapho siphonswe ndawonye, inyathelo eliqinile. Izigxobo ziphakeme: uma sihluleka ukuvala izikhala zokuphumelela, siqhubekisela phambili imijikelezo yobumpofu, ukungalingani, futhi silahlekelwe amandla. Kodwa lapho imiphakathi yesikole ihlangana ezikoleni, inikeza imithombo yemali, ubudlelwane, futhi ihlonipha ukuthi bonke abafundi bafanele ukuba baphumelele, siphumelele lapho bonke abantwana, futhi behluze ibala.