Ifa Lenkonzo: Ukuqonda Umsebenzi Oyingqayizivele Wombutho Wesizwe

I-National Guard ingenye yezinhlangano ezindala kakhulu e-United States, ilandela umsuka wayo emishinini yamabutho amakoloni asekuqaleni kwawo-600. Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, iye yashintsha yaba ibutho lezempi elikwazi ukuhlanganisa izinto eziningi kakhulu ukukhonza kokubili iziphathimandla zikahulumeni nohulumeni. Lesi sakhiwo sokumisa ezimbili sisiza amaqembu aqaphe izinhlekelele zemvelo ekhaya, iziphepho zequacane, izikhukhula zemvula, izikhukhula (ngesikhathi esisodwa) ukumisa phesheya kwempi, ukuthula, nokubambisana. Nokho, ukulinganisela la mazwe amabili ahlukene adinga ukubonelela okuhle, ukulawulwa kwempahla okuguquguqukayo, kanye nokuzinikela okukhulu emadodeni nabesifazane abakhonzayo.

Ngokungafani namabutho asebenzayo, aphendula kuphela enkeneneni kahulumeni yokuyala, i-National Guard isebenza ngaphansi kwe- "isimo". Uma isebenza ngomphathi, imishini esebenza ngaphansi kokulawula kombuso (isimo sika-32). Uma ibuthwa nguMongameli, iwela ngaphansi kokulawula kwezwe (isimo esiyishumi) sokuzivikela kwesizwe noma imisebenzi yembulunga yonke. Le nqubo yenhlanganisela yenza iQasha elingavamile, kodwa yenza imishini yokuqondisa, engokomthetho, nezinselele ezingokomzwelo ezibhekene nezinye izinhlangano ezimbalwa. Ukuqonda lezi zinto zibaluleke kakhulu kubenzi bemithetho, abaholi bempi, abaholi, nemiphakathi yezempi isebenza.

Isisekelo Somlando: Ukusuka Emilingweni Kuya Ekuthunyweni Kwanamuhla

Umqondo wesakhamuzi ungene kakhulu ekusungulweni kweMelika. Militia Acts ka 1792 wamisa isisekelo esingokomthetho samabutho asekelwe kuhulumeni, idinga amadoda anamandla ukuze alondoloze izikhali futhi aphendule ekusongelelweni kwendawo. Emakhulwini amabili alandelayo, isimiso sobusosha savuthwa eMthethweni wesizwe, no-Dick Act ka-1903 ehleliwe ekwazi ukubizwa ngenkonzo kahulumeni. Kodwa lemithunywa emibili yahlala isobala kwaze kwaba ngu-Comasict (iCMte Acts Act) (118) ehlangene nebutho lempi yamabutho esizwe esizwe.[FLT]

Izinguquko zamuva, njengomthetho we-National Defense Act ka1916 kanye ne-Goldwater-Nichols Act ka 1986, iqinise indima yaMagada njengendawo kahulumeni kazwelonke nethonya elisabelayo kubabusi bezwe. Muva nje, i-[FLT:] u-National Device Ivolution Act (NDA) ka-2024 yahlanganisa amalungiselelo okulandela umyalo ombaxa-mbili nongcono wezinzuzo zogadatha abagadeli bemisebenzi yezempi. Le mikhosi igcizelela umzamo eqhubekayo yokulungisa i-sethiyo.

Izinto Ezingokoqobo Ezisebenzayo Ezisemhlabeni

Ukuthunywa KukaHulumeni: Ngokushesha, Kwendawo, Nokubonakala

Lapho isiphepho sihlasela iGulf Coast noma umlilo wequbula usongela imiphakathi eCalifornia, iNational Guard ivame ukuba impahla yokuqala yezempi efikayo. Ngaphansi kokulawula kukahulumeni, amaqembu angahlola futhi asize, asakaze izinto, anikeze ukusekela kokwelapha, futhi asize ekuqikelweni komthetho (ngoba ama - Guards ahlala futhi asebenze emiphakathini akhonza kuyo, aletha ulwazi lwasendaweni kanye nokuzinikela komuntu siqu okungase kuntuleke amabutho asebenzayo.

Ngo-2024 kuphela, iNational Guard yasabela ezicelweni eziphuthumayo ezimayela angu-200, kuhlanganise nezenzakalo ezinkulu zamanzi eVermont, ukuqubuka kwesiphepho eMidwest, neziphepho zasebusika ezingakaze zibonwe eTexas. Isivinini sokusabela sixhomeke kakhulu ekukulungeleni, ekutholakaleni kwemishini, nasemandleni okususa imisebenzi engekho empini kuya emsebenzini wezempi ngokuqapheliswa okufushane. Kunogada abaningi, lokhu kusho ukulahla yonke imisebenzi yezeluleko, ukufundisa, imisebenzi yezokwelapha, ukuphendula izicelo. Imiphumela emakhaya nabaqashi abangaqeshiwe empini ibaluleke kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile ayinakwa.

Imisebenzi Yama - compal: Ukufinyelela Nesilinganiso Sembulunga Yonke Nokujula Okuhlelekile

Ngasohlangothini lukahulumeni, i-National Guard iyingxenye eyinhloko yeButho eliphelele. Amahlelo abaqaphi ahlelwe ukuba alwe nezindawo (umz., Iraq, Afghanistan), ahlanganyele ekuziqeqesheni iNATO, asekele ukusebenza kwemithi evimbela imingcele eseningizimu, futhi anikeze amabutho ajikelezayo eMyalweni oPhakeme we-U.S. kanye ne-U.S.A.. kusukela ekuhlaseleni okungu-9/11, amasosha angaba ngu-850 000 aye ahlasela ahamba aphesheya kwezwe elingu-8(a) izinga lenhlalo yemisebenzi esebenzayo emlandweni we-gadouards.

Lezindawo zokuthutha zaphesheya zidinga isikhathi eside ukusuka ekhaya, futhi zibangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu ebuhlotsheni bomkhaya, impilo engokwengqondo, nemisebenzi engekho emthethweni. Kodwa futhi zinikeza abaqaphi abaqeqeshelwe isigaba somhlaba, ukuthuthuka kobuholi, nomuzwa wenjongo abaningi abawuthola uvuza kakhulu. Ngakho - ke, ukuthunywa okubili kunikeza kokubili umthwalo nenzuzo, ngokuvamile kubhekana kanye nesosha elifanayo.

Izinselele Ezibucayi Ekuphishekeleni Ukuhlinzwa Kwezitho Zomzimba

Ukusetshenziswa Kwemithombo Nemishini

Mhlawumbe inselele ebonakala kakhulu ukunikezwa kwempahla. I-National Guard ithola imishini exhaswe uhulumeni − kusukela emalolini nasezintabeni zokulwa nezindiza kuya egiyeni lokuxhumana − kodwa futhi incike ekuxhaseni kwemali kahulumeni ngenxa yemisebenzi ethile. Uma iyunithi ithunyelwa phesheya, imishini yayo ingashiywa noma idinge ezokuthutha isikhathi eside, ishiye abaqondisi bezwe bengenamali etheni ngenxa yezimo eziphuthumayo. Ngokuhlukile, imishini esetshenziswa kakhulu ekuthunyweni kukahulumeni ingancipha ngokushesha, inciphise izimfuneko zokuzimisela zikahulumeni.

Izilinganiso ze-ART National Guard zezindiza, ngokwesibonelo, ngokuvamile zibona izindiza zazo ezinophephela emhlane zinikezelwe ukucinezelwa komlilo amasonto amaningi ngesikhathi, ukunyusa izidingo zokulungisa nokunciphisa ukutholakala kokuqeqeshwa. Ngokufanayo, imishini ejikelezayo engasebenzisa izinsimbi ezinzima ekususeni imfucumfucu ngemva kwesiphepho, ukubekela isikhathi ukuvuleka. Ukulinganisela lezi zimfuno ezinciphisayo kudinga ukuhlelwa kwemisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi futhi, ngezinye izikhathi, ukuthunyelwa kwemisebenzi enzima phakathi kwezwe nezindawo eziphambili zikahulumeni.

Ukuqeqeshelwa Izwe Elibili

Abaqaphi kumelwe balondoloze ikhono ezindaweni eziningi ngamakhono phela kusukela emandleleni okulwa nasemazingeni esikhali kuya ekuqondiseni izimo eziphuthumayo nasekusekeleni umphakathi. Lomthwalo womsebenzi wokwenza izinqubo ezimbili ungakhungathekisa, ikakhulukazi kumasosha afunda ingxenye eyodwa yempelasonto ngenyanga namasonto amabili ngonyaka. Ithemba lokulungele ukuthunyelwa kwezindawo zaphesheya kanye nokusabela ngenhlekelele libeka izindleko eziphakeme kokubili kumuntu ngamunye nakulesi simiso sokuqeqesha.

Izinhlelo ezifana “i-XExportnable Traffial Traff Accability (XCTC)” izisiza izisebenzi eziziqeqeshayo ezingokoqobo ezihlanganisa kokubili impi kanye nokusekelana kwemikhakha. Nokho, uhlelo lokuhlela izinto ezimisiwe kanye nokuncintisana kuvame ukusho ukuthi ukuqeqesha kubanzi kakhulu (ukuhlanganisa izihloko eziningi ngokungajulile) noma kuncane kakhulu (ukubhekisa ngqo ekumisweni okulandelayo). Inhloso iwukuqeqeshelwa ukwakha izisekelo ezisekela imingcele edlulisa imisebenzi [1] ngokwesibonelo, ukulandelelana kwamakhono okuphepha asebenza ngokufanayo ekulweni kosizo nokuthunyelwa kwezindawo zosizo.

Ubunkimbinkimbi Obungokomthetho Nobuqondisi

Ukunquma indawo engokomthetho yemisebenzi emibili-mithathu kunzima kakhulu. Uma umbusi noMongameli bobabili befuna ukusebenzisa iyunithi efanayo yogada ngesikhathi esifanayo, noma lapho ugada elimele phakathi kokusebenza kombuso kodwa kamuva edinga izinzuzo zikahulumeni, imishini yokuphatha ingathatha kancane ekukhahleleni. [[FLT]] Ilungiselelo lokulawula, lapho umlawuli oyedwa ebika kumbusi noNobhala we-Device, idinga khona i-trandada ecacile yokuqonda nokuqonda nokuqonda imithetho ecacile yokuthembisa.

Ngo-2021, phakathi nokuhoxa e-U.S. e-Afghanistan, amaqembu e-National Guard ayesekela kanye kanye imithunywa kazwelonke ye-COVOVAD-19 futhi elungiselela ukumiswa kwezindawo ezazingase zimelelwe uhulumeni. Ukuhlukaniswa okungokomthetho phakathi kweSihlokwana 10, isihloko 32, nombuso osebenzayo kwadala ukudideka enkokhelweni, izinzuzo, kanye nesivikelo esingokomthetho (i-assues) okusabambene namahhovisi ezempi kanye nabaphathi-mthetho namuhla.

Ilungu Elinenhlalakahle: Isidingo Somuntu Sezimpahla Zokudlala

Izindleko zomuntu siqu zemisebenzi emibili mhlawumbe iyinselele enzima kakhulu ukulinganisa. Abalindi babhekana nezikhathi ezisetshenziswayo ezingalindelekile, ukuhlukana isikhathi eside nemikhaya, nenselele yokulondoloza imisebenzi engekho emthethweni kuyilapho behlangabezana nezibopho zezempi. Ucwaningo lwe-RAND 2023 lweNhlangano yathola ukuthi asebendi babhekana nokukhathazeka okukhulu nokucindezeleka [ uma kuqhathaniswa namalungu engxenye yenkonzo esebenzayo, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokungaqiniseki kwesimiso sabo kanye nobunzima bendima ehlukahlukene yokulinganisela.

Kuvamile futhi ukucindezelwa kwezezimali: nakuba abaqashi abangaqeshiwe bedingeka ngokomthetho ukuba banikeze ikhefu lomsebenzi wezempi (ngaphansi komsebenzisiRA), amanye amabhizinisi amancane awakwazi ukugcina indima ivulekile izinyanga ngesikhathi. Ukwengamela kwabantwana, ukunakekela kwabadala, kanye nomsebenzi wobungane konke kuyahlupheka lapho ilungu eligadayo livuselelwa ngokungalindelekile. Impi iye yandisa ingcebo enjenge- Military One Soys [[ uhlelo futhi yathuthukisa ukufinyelela ku-[FLT:] TRICARE Khet ..., kodwa igebe eliphakathi kwenkambiso kanye nokusekela umhlaba lihlala libalulekile.

Amathuba Aphawulekayo Aphuma Emklamweni Wokwenza I - Dual - Missisday

Ukufunda Okukhulisiwe Ngaphesheya Kwendawo Ewumbukwane

Naphezu kobunzima, le misebenzi emibili iphoqelela ugada ukuba alondoloze izinga lokuvuma elibanzi kakhulu kunalelo leqembu elisebenza ngokubambisana. Inkampani ehlola amasosha e-Afghanistan ilwa nempumelelo, kodwa futhi ifunda indlela yokusebenzelana nabantu bendawo, ukulawula imishini ezimweni ezilukhuni, nokusebenza ngokusekela okulinganiselwe kwangaphandle. Uma leyonkampani ibuya futhi ibizwa ukuze iphendule ngesiphepho, lawo makhono adluliselwa ngokuqondile: ukumisa izikhundla zokuyala, ukuqhuba umzila we-renaissance, nokulawula isixuku.

Lokhu kungcoliswa kwesiphambano kusho ukuthi abagada bathambekele ekubeni izincibilikisi zenkinga ezivumelana ngokungavamile. Izinhlangano eziningi ziye zasungula imisebenzi yokwakha ezungeze indlala yemishini, amasu amasha omphakathi, nemithetho yokuxhumana ephumelelayo engeke yavela ngamandla ashukumisayo aphelele.

Izibopho Zomphakathi Eziqinisa Kokubili Abaqaphi Nomphakathi Wangaphakathi

Ngenxa yokuthi abagada bahlala futhi basebenze emiphakathini abayivikelayo, isibopho phakathi konogada nomphakathi sihluke kakhulu kuleso esiphakathi kwamabutho asebenzayo nezindawo ezisezikhungweni zempi. Iqembu eligada iqhwa lezakhamuzi esezikhulile, linikeza izingane izikhwama zesihlabathi phakathi nozamcolo, noma lizipha izingane ngemva kwengozi yemoto alibhekwa njengethonya elithatha isikhathi eside kodwa njengomakhelwane abasiza omakhelwane.

Lokhu kuthemba kuguqulela ezinzuzoni ezingokoqobo: amazinga aphezulu okuthola amandla ezizweni lapho abaqaphi besebenza khona ngokuphawulekayo, onamandla kakhulu omphakathi ekusekeleni izinhlelo zokuvikela, kanye [[FLT:] [FLT]] kakhulu [[FLT:] [FLT] [5] phakathi nezinhlekelele ngenxa yokuthi abaholi bendawo bazi ukuthi bani abamele. Umbuso wesizwe ufaka futhi lezi zivumelwano zokunikeza izinhlelo zobukhephe (umk.[FLT.6]]] Ukhathaza [[FLT]]] [FLT]]] [FLT]]] kakhulu [[FLT]] [FLT]]] [FLT]]] [inter, ukuvikelwa kwezidakamizwa, kanye nesivikelo se-ikhiwomphakathi sasendaweni yasekhaya, futhi ucebisa izinhlangano zezindawo zezindawo.

Intuthuko Engochwepheshe Ehlanganisa Imisebenzi Yasebuthweni Neyasempini

Imisebenzi yokumisa i-actal iveza abagada ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi embalwa engafana nazo. Udokotela ohlela ukunikeza izindlela zenkundla yempi angasebenzisa lawomakhono endima yokuphatha iqoqo lezokulwa elivamile. Udokotela ophatha ubuhlungu esibhedlela angashintsha ngokuqondile abe umsebenzi wokunakekela wasendlini yesibhedlela. Ukuvikelwa kweSkillBridge ye-Unity uhlelo ne-[FLT] iHofisi yabaphathi besizwe yoMnyango wezenhlalakahle yezezimo eziphuthumayo. [FLT] ukusiza abagadayo ukuba baguqulele amasosha empini abangekho emthethweni abalwayo-mdlanganiso.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathuba okuhola kugada ayingqayizivele. Maphakathi nawo-20, izikhulu eziningi ezingathunjwa ziye zahola amaqembu abantu abahlukahlukene ngaphansi kwezimo eziphakeme, okubenza bafuneke kakhulu abaqashi. Lo mshini wabantu abanolwazi, abaqeqeshekile, nabanomphakathi uyinto enkulu yesizwe engenakukwazi ukufana ngaphandle kwesimiso somsebenzi wezobugada.

Ukuzinza Kwezokulondeka Kombuso Ngezindleko Ezifanele

Kusombono wokulondeka kwesizwe, i-National Guard inikeza i-octal esebenzayo ewumphumela. Ukulondoloza ibutho elikhulu elisebenzayo kubiza kakhulu − isosha ngalinye elisebenzayo libiza imali ephindwe kathathu kune-gada (kuhlanganise umholo, izinzuzo, impilo, nesisekelo). I-gada inikeza “ikhono elingalinganiswa ngesikhathi sokulunga” elingalinganiswa phakathi nezinhlekelele futhi lidonswe lapho lingadingeki, ngaphandle kwesisekelo sezindawo ezihlala njalo nezakhiwo ezisekelayo.

Phakathi nobhadane lwe-COVID-19 , abagada batheleka kumalungu angaphezu kuka-50 000 asiza ngokuhlolwa, ukugoma, nokusekela kwasesibhedlela − ikhono elalingabiza kakhulu uma belinikezwa amandla asebenzayo kuphela. Ngokufanayo, indima yaMajaji [ku- ukuzivikela kwe-cyber [ [i-FLT]] ikhuliswe ngokushesha, ngawo wonke amazwe namasimu angu-Cyber Protects angakwazi ukumiswa ababusi ukuba bavikele isakhiwo esibucayi esisesihlengweni sesihlengo noma okunye ukuhlasela. Le khono emba ehlangene i-engile i-injini ehlukene.

Izindlela Ezifanele Zokuqinisa Imisebenzi Yokuhlinza

Inkulisa Ezimisweni Zokulawula Imithombo Yemvelo Engasasebenzi

Ukuze kuncishiswe ukucindezela kwemishini, uMnyango Wezokuvikela nombuso kufanele usebenzelane namachibi emishini angahlanganiswa phakathi kwezifundazwe naphakathi kwemisebenzi kahulumeni nohulumeni. I-Arge’s Army Presigimed Puresitors umqondo unganwetshwa ukuze uhlanganise imishini ebekelwe izingozi ezikhethekile zasekhaya, ikhulule izinhlangano zabalindiwe ekukhetheni phakathi kokuya phesheya kwezwe neshiya izwe lazo lingavikelekile.

Ukuthuthukisa Ukulondeka Kwamalungu Enkonzo Nemikhaya

Ukubikezela kuyisitha sokucindezeleka. Umkhosi wesizwe kufanele usebenze noKhongolo ukumisa imikhawulo ephansi yesikhathi sokwazisa ekusebenzeni kombuso (ngaphandle kwezinsongo eziseduze) futhi unikeze usizo lokuthola [ emikhayeni phakathi nokuthunyelwa. Ukunwebeka [[FLT:]] ukhuthazo lomntwana [[[FLT:]], ukwandisa i-TRICREA transsion transformation trans" shorts [[[FLT]] isekela izinhlelo zokuqashelwa [[FLTL:7]] ngendlela ende ebhekiswe phambili ezindaweni ezinamagencencers. [[FLT]

Yenza amafreyimu angokomthetho anamuhla e-Dual-Status

Imithetho yamanje elawula umyalo wezintwezi ezimbili iyahluka ngokwesifundazwe futhi iye yaholela ekukhuhlaneni phakathi nezenzakalo ezinkulu (jengesibonelo, ukuvuselelwa kwe-2021 kwe-Capitol). ukuguqula ukuyaleza okumbaxambili-kabili kobutatu kungenza amagunya acacise inzuzo, ukugobhoza i-pane, futhi iqinisekise ukuthi abagadeli bathola izinzuzo ezingaguquguquki kungakhathaliseki izinga likahulumeni eliwashukumisayo. Lokhu kungafanekiswe nge- I-Emergetable Management Irce Intective Intection (EMAC) kodwa kusebenza ngokukhethekile ekuyalweni kwezempi.

Ukuqeqesha Abangane Abaphakeme Phakathi KoMbuso Nezimo Zokuthutha

I-National Guard kufanele ijulise ukubambisana kwayo FEMA, U.S. Umyalo wasenyakatho [, kanye nokuphathwa kwezwe ukuhlanganisa amahhovisi okuqeqesha okuhlangene okufaka isilinganiso samathuba anqamulekele. Ngokwesibonelo, izifundo zezokwelapha zingahlanganisa imithetho elawulayo evimbela inhlekelele, kanye nokuzivivinya ngezindlela zobuchwepheshe kungasebenza futhi njengokuvivinya izinhlangano zeze nhlekelele. Ukuqeqeshwa okunjalo kwenjongo ezimbili kungasindisa isikhathi nemali uma kuthuthukisa ukuhleleka kwakho kokubili ukuthunywa.

Indlela Engaphambili: Ukusekela Isibonelo Sokuduna Sesizukulwane Esilandelayo

Isakhiwo seNational Guard sinezici ezimbili ezingafanele, kodwa sisalokhu siyikhambi eliyingqayizivele laseMelika lenselele yokulungiselela impi nokuthula, ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. Njengoba ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kwandisa ukuphindeka kwezinhlekelele zemvelo, futhi njengoba usongo lwembulunga yonke lukhula futhi lungafinyeleli, ikhono loMqaphi lokuhlanganisa izindima liyoba eliyigugu ngisho nakakhulu.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umsebenzi owenziwa kabili awuwona umthwalo onzima, abaholi kumelwe bafake imali kubantu abawenza usebenze. Lokho kusho umholo ohambisana nomthetho [ obonisa izimfuno ezibekwe kugada, [ ukusekela impilo yengqondo [ okuwenza asebenze kahle asebenzise ukuvumelana kobuntu [[[[FLT:]] [[FLT]] [uhlu] oluvumela amalungu ukuba akhonze ngaphandle kokwehlisa izifiso zawo zokungathandisi. Kusho futhi ukwakha izimiso zengqondo kanye nemifelandawo ehlangene eyenza kube khona ukuqoqwa komcebo nokwenza izinqumo ezihlakaniphile.

Ekugcineni, amandla amakhulu eNational Guard abantu bayo − abasebenza nge-odoli nabahamba ngezindiza abakhetha ukukhonza izwe labo nomphakathi wabo ngesilinganiso esifanayo. Ngokuhlanganisa izinselele zokusebenza ngokuphindwa kabili okunemiphumela ecacile kanye nenkinga yokusungula, iQuaphi lingaqhubeka liyithonya elibanzi, elisabelayo, neliqinile elidingwa yisizwe ekhulwini leminyaka elizayo.

[[Umthetho:0] Izikhombo ze-External:[[[Umthetho:1]