Izimiso zokuhamba zasedolobheni zakha isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi sedolobha. Njengoba izindawo zasedolobheni zikhula, ukucindezela kwalezi zimiso kuyakhula, kuphoqelela abaphathi bedolobha ukuba bahambe ngezindlela eziningi eziphikisanayo, izakhiwo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, nokwenyuka kwamathemba ezikhona emphakathini. Indima ayisekho nje ngokuhambisa izimoto zisuka eqophelweni elingu-A kuya eqophelweni B; manje ihlanganisa ukulondolozwa, ukungaguquguquki, amandla ezomnotho, nokuwohloka kwezobuchwepheshe. Lesi sihloko sihlola izinselele ezicindezela kakhulu ezibhekene nalabo abasebenzisa izithuthi zedolobha futhi sidwebela amasu awusizo ukuze sixoxe ngazo.

Inselele Ekhulayo Yokuzitika Ngezimoto

Ukuminyana kwezimoto mhlawumbe kuwuphawu olubonakala kakhulu lwesimiso sokuhamba esiminyene. Kunciphisa umkhiqizo, kwandisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, futhi kubhebhethekisa izinga lomoya. E-Texas A&M Transportation Institute ilinganisela ukuthi ukuminyana kubiza abashayeli abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-80 zesikhathi esichithiwe nophethiloli ngo-20222. Kubaphathi bedolobha, ukuminyana akusona nje isicefe."Into ebangela ukuba umnotho nezinga lokuphila lendawo.

Izimbangela Eziyinhloko Zomfutho Wasemadolobheni

Ukungavumelani kubangelwa ukungafani phakathi kwesidingo sezindawo zomgwaqo. Ukwanda kwenani labantu abahambayo, ukushaya emaphethelweni, nokuthembela ezimotweni ezihambayo zonke kunezela. Izimpawu zezimoto ezihambayo ezishayelwe isikhathi esiphansi, amabhodlela ahamba ngemifantu, kanye nokwehluleka kwemizi phakathi namahora aphezulu akhulisa inkinga. Abaphathi bedolobha kumelwe bahlole lezizimbangela ngaphambi kokuba basebenzise izixazulu.

Amasu okususa imininingwane ehlangene

Abaphathi bezimoto banamuhla bancika kakhulu ekwazinini okungokoqobo. Ngokwesibonelo, ubuchwepheshe bokulawula izimpawu eziguquguqukayo, bulungisa isikhathi esilula esisekelwe kwimiqulu yezimoto yangempela kunezimiso ezibekwe ngaphambili. Ukuphathwa kwemizila yezimoto (ukusebenzisa izimpawu ezingaphezulu ukuze kuqondiswe izimoto) futhi kuncishiswe amaphuzu amancane. Abaphathi kufanele bafake imali ezimisweni zokubonisa [[FLT:] ezithatha isikhathi [ kanye nomngane wezimboni ezizimele ukuze bafinyelele ulwazi lwendawo engaqondakali. La mathuluzi asiza ekunqandeni ukuminyana ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imigwaqo ebizayo.

Ukusebenzisa Imali Nokuhlela Imali

Izakhiwo ziyabiza, futhi imali yokuhlela idolobha ayibekelwe imingcele. Iminyango eminingi yezokuhamba ithembele emifuleni engenisa imali esheshayo enjengentela kaphethiloli, enciphayo njengoba izimoto ziphelelwa uphethiloli noma ugesi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukunakekelwa okubekelwe isikhathi eside kwenza ukulungiswa okubucayi. INhlangano ye-America ye-Civil Enginegers inikeza i-D ebala le-D, eliqokomisa igebe phakathi kwesidingo nemali.

Izifanekiso Zokudala Izithombe Ezikhangayo

Ukuze bahlanganise igebe lemali, abaphathi bedolobha kumelwe bacabange ngalé kokukhokha imali ngokwesiko. Ukubaluleka kokuthuthwa kwempahla ekhona eduze kwezindawo zokuthutha kukhokhelwa ukukhokha izakhiwo zezemisebenzi. Ukuthola inzuzo emadolobheni anjengeDenver ne New York. Izivumelwano zomphakathi (o-P3s) zingaletha imisebenzi ngokushesha ngokususa ingozi ethile kubaxhasi abazimele. Ukukhokhisa izimali, okusungulwa ngokuphumelelayo eLondon naseSingapore, kukhiqizwa imali kuyilapho kunqabela ukuthatha uhambo lwezimoto olungadingekile. Lezi zimo zezezombangazwe zidinga izindlela ezisekelayo kodwa zinikeza ezinye izindlela zokuthuthukisa intela.

Ukumisa Imisebenzi Ephakeme

Uma imithombo intuleka, ukuhlelwa kusengaphambili kuba okubalulekile. Amamanenja kufanele aqhube ukucubungula okubiza inzuzo yezenhlalakahle enjengokunciphiswa kwegesi, imali egciniwe, nentuthuko yokuphepha. Amathuluzi anjenge-Federal Highway Administration’s Asterective Asteret Management Plan izinhlangano ezisiza ekuhleleni izimali ngokubuyisela imali ephakeme kakhulu ekuyingeniseni imali. Ukuxhumana okusobala nomphakathi ngezokuhweba kwakha ukwethemba nokuvikela izinqumo ezinzima.

Ithonya Lendawo Ezungezile Nemigomo Yokuzigcina

Ukuhamba ngezimoto ezihamba emadolobheni kuyimbangela enkulu yokukhishwa kwegesi ekhipha ugesi eshisayo, kubalelwa kumaphesenti angaba ngu - 29 engqikithi yegesi ekhishwa eU.Abaphathi bedolobha babhekana nokucindezela okukhuphukayo kokunciphisa i - carbon ngenkathi iqhubeka ikhula. Lenselele ihlanganisa amaqembu axubana nezinga lokushisa komoya, ukungcola komsindo, nempilo yezakhamuzi, ikakhulukazi imiphakathi esengozini eseduze kwemigwaqo emikhulu.

Ukuya Endleleni Ephansi KaCarbon

Indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi esetshenziswayo ukunciphisa imoto ehamba amakhilomitha aphakeme (VMT). Ukufaka izimali ebhasini elisheshayo lokuthutha (BRT), izitimela ezilula, nemizila evikelwe ngebhayisekili kukhuthaza ukushintshwa kwendlela. Amabhasi ombane kanye nokuqondisa imishini encishisiwe ngemibhobho ephansi kakhulu. Abaphathi kufanele basebenzise indlela "yonke" enikeza abahamba ngezinyawo indawo, abagibeli bebhayisekile, kanye nokuhamba ngokulingana, kunokuba bathande izimoto ezizimele. Izakhiwo ezinjengo Copenhagenhagen and Oslo ziye zabonisa ukuthi isisekelo sebhayisekili esinelisayo sincithane semoto esinesikhathi esiphansi kakhulu.

Ukubonakaliswa Kwesikhumulo Sendiza

Ukushintshela imikhumbi kamasipala ezimotweni zikagesi (EV) kunciphisa izindleko ezisebenzayo futhi kubonise ukuhola. Nokho, amamenenja kumelwe ahlele ukukhokha izakhiwo, amandla okulawula, kanye nokulahlwa kwamabhethri. Izincwadi ezivela e-Bipartisan Infrastructive Law zinikeza izimali zemishini ehamba nge-EV kanye namabhasi angenisa imishini. Ukusebenza nezinkampani ze-octive kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-grapta ingaphatha umthwalo owengeziwe ngaphandle kokuyekethisa.

Izakhiwo Eziluhlaza Nesimiso Sokuphatha Kwamanzi Ayisiphepho

Izimiso zokuhamba zithinta imvelo ezindaweni ezingenakho ukukhuphuka. Imigwaqo eqinile, i-bioswales, nezihlahla ezihamba emigwaqweni zinganciphisa izikhukhula, zinciphise imiphumela yeziqhingi ezishisayo, futhi zithuthukise izinga lamanzi. Lezi zakhiwo zemvelo eziluhlaza kufanele zihlanganiswe ekwakheni kabusha umgwaqo kusukela ekuqaleni, kunokuba zivuselelwe kamuva.

Ukuphepha Komphakathi: Ukuvikela Bonke Abasebenzisa Imigwaqo

Izingozi zezimoto ziseyinkinga yempilo yomphakathi. Ngo-2022, abantu abangaphezu kuka-42 500 bafela emigwaqweni yase-U.S. Abahamba ngezinyawo nabagibeli bamabhayisekili bathinteka ngokungenakulinganiswa. Izikhulu zedolobha zinomthwalo wokwenza izimiso ezinciphisa ingozi yokuphahlazeka futhi zivikele abasebenzisi abasengozini. Umzabalazo "weVision Zero" ohlose ukuqeda ukufa kwabantu abadlulayo, uye wamukelwa amadolobha amaningi emhlabeni wonke.

Imigwaqo Ephephile Yobunjiniyela

Umklamo womgwaqo uthonya kakhulu ukuphepha. Imigwaqo ehambayo, imigqa enqamulene, imigoqo, kanye nezikhongozelo ezicindezela abashayeli ukuba banciphise ijubane. Imigwaqo yamabhayisekili ehlukanisiwe yimingcele engokomzimba inciphisa kakhulu izingozi zamabhayisekili. Amamanenja kufanele asebenzise ukuphepha emaphasishini aphezulu futhi asebenzise amasampula aqinisekiswe. Ukuthatha umgwaqo ophelele kuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinto ziletha ukuphepha komsebenzisi ngamunye, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umdala kangakanani noma unekhono.

Ukuphoqelelwa Nemfundo

Ubunjiniyela bodwa abunakuxazulula inkinga yokuphepha. Amakhamera esivinini esizihambelayo kanye namakhamera abomvu avimbela ukushayela ngaphandle kokufuna ukuba kube khona amaphoyisa njalo. Nokho, ukukhathazeka okusemthethweni kumele kuqinisekise ukuthi ukugcinwa kwamaphoyisa kuyasebenza ngokungakhethi futhi kuhambisane nemikhankaso yemfundo. Imizamo yomphakathi yokuqaphela ngokusetshenziswa kwezigqoko zesivikelo, ukubonakala kwabahamba ngezinyawo, nokuphazamisa ukushayela imishini edingekayo futhi kusiza ukwakha isiko lokuphepha.

Ukusabela Okuphuthumayo Okuqhubekayo

Amamenenja ezokuthutha kumelwe axhumane nezinkonzo eziphuthumayo ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi izikhathi zokusabela ezisheshayo. Imigwaqo yamabhasi enikezelwe esetshenziswa futhi ngezimoto eziphuthumayo, izimpawu ezivula izibani eziluhlaza, kanye nokwaziswa okungokoqobo kwezimoto okuhlanganyela nezikhungo zokuthumela kungasindisa ukuphila. Lemiphakathi idinga ukuxhumana okungokomzwelo okumelwe abaphathi bahlele ngezindlela ezivamile zokusebenza.

Ukufakwa Kwezobuchwepheshe: Isithembiso Neziphazamiso

Ubuchwepheshe bunikeza amathuluzi anamandla okulungisa izinto ezihamba emadolobheni, kodwa ukuhlanganisa akuvamile ukuqondeka. Izimiso zefa, i-silos, kanye nokungalondeki kwe-inthanethi kuyingozi zonke. Izikhulu zedolobha kumelwe zilinganise ukusungulwa kwezimoto nokungathenjwa − isimiso sokuqondisa izimoto zingaphazamisa isikhungo sedolobha.

Izimiso Zokuqondisa Izimoto Ngokuhlakanipha

Imishini ye-IoT, amakhamera, nezimiso zezimoto ezihlangene ziveza ukwaziswa okungasetshenziswa. Abaqondisi bangasebenzisa le mininingwane ukuze bahlole ukuminyana, babike izenzakalo, futhi balungise izimpawu ngesikhathi sangempela. Amapulatifomu asekelwe kumafu avumela ukulawula okuphakathi ezikhungweni eziningi. Imisebenzi yokuhamba emadolobhani anjenge Columbus, Ohio, ibonise ukuthi ukuphatha iphasishi kunganciphisa izikhathi zokuhamba ngo-20%. Nokho, abaphathi badinga imishini eqinile yokulawula amaqembu noma abathengisi ukuze baguqule ukwaziswa kube yizingcingisi ezisebenzayo.

I - vehicles Ezimele Nexhunyiwe

Izimoto ezizimele zithembisa ukunciphisa ukuphahlazeka okubangelwa iphutha lomuntu nokukhuphuka kwendlela ngokuzifaka emapulazini. Nokho ukuthunyelwa kwemigwaqo kusasele ngeminyaka. Amamenenja amadolobha kufanele alungiselele ngokumisa amapulani okuhlola i-AV kanye nokwakha izimiso ezisekela ukuxhumana kwezimoto kuzo zonke izinto (V2X). Kumelwe futhi balindele imiphumela engalindelekile, enjengokuthi i-VMT iyanda uma i-AVs ihamba ngaphandle kwe-injini ukuze igweme izindleko zokupaka. Ukuhlela ukuhlelwa kokusebenza namuhla kuvimbela ukusabela kokuhamba kwe-trammark kusasa.

Ukungavikeleki Nemininingwane Yakho

Izimiso zezenombolo zidala izimpawu. Ukuphazamisa abalawuli bezimpawu zezimoto, ukuqoqwa kwempahla, noma ukwaziswa okuthatha isikhathi esingokoqobo komgibeli kungaletha uxhaxha lwezokuhamba emile. Abaphathi-mashane kumele basebenze namaqembu i-IT ukuze bahlole izingozi, basebenzise izingxenye zenethiwekhi, futhi badinge ukuvikelwa kwemitapo yabathengisi besithathu. Ukukhomba komphakathi kuxhomeke ezimisweni zemininingwane enamandla yemininingwane yezindaba zemfihlo. /ukufakwa kokwaziswa emakhadini noma ezisemisweni ye-computer funeka kumele futhi kugcinwe ngokulondekile.

Izinqubo Zokuqondisa Okuphumelelayo

Amasu alandelayo, uma evumelana nezimo zendawo, angasiza abaphathi bamadolobha ukuba bakhe izimiso zokuhamba eziqinile, eziphumelelayo nezilinganayo.

Ukutshala Ukushintshela Komphakathi Okuphakeme

Ukuthutha komphakathi okunokwethenjelwa kunciphisa ukuncika kwezimoto futhi kunciphisa inselele yonke kuloluhlu. Amamanenja kufanele agxile ekutheni imoto ihambe kaningi, isivinini, kanye nokuhlangana kwe-intshi nje kuphela. Imigwaqo yamabhasi enikezelwe, iqoqwe yangaphakathi, futhi iphawu lokuhamba yenza amabhasi anciphe ngezimoto. Ukusetshenziswa kwemikhumbi yamabhasi kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi nokusetshenziswa kwezindleko esikhathini eside. Ukunwetshwa kwemibhoshongo kudinga izibopho zemali ezithatha isikhathi eside, kodwa ukubuya kwezomnotho ngokwezilinganiso zokunciphiso ezincishisiwe kanye nenani lempahla ngokuvamile kuvikela ukuthengwa kwemali.

Ukuthuthukisa Izinto Zokuhamba Ezikhuthele

Ukugibela nokuhamba kuyizindlela zokuthuthukisa impilo yomphakathi futhi zinciphise ukugqoka emigwaqweni. Ukwakha imizila evikelwe ngebhayisekili, ukwandisa imizila, nokwakha izindawo ezihamba ngezinyawo kuphela ezisemaphethelweni edolobha kuthumela uphawu olucacile lokuthi idolobha liyawazisa la ma-mostion. Izimiso ze-Bike-shao kanye nezinketho zokungakhuli okuncane (e-cootiters, i-bikes) zigcwalisa izikhala emizini yezokuthutha. Abaphathi-mabhayisekili kufanele bafake abasebenzisi abazimele ngezimiso eziqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusakaza okulinganayo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwe-indiceddie.

Ukusebenzisa Ubuciko Bokuqondisa Isidingo

I-congespasion, imfuno yokumisa izimoto, kanye nezinhlelo zokunciphisa uhambo ezisekelwe kumqashi zonke ziyakwazi ukusingatha isidingo ngaphandle kokufuna amandla amasha. Ukulawula emizileni edlulisayo kungaveza inzuzo kuyilapho kunikeza abashayeli izinhlelo ezisheshayo. Abaphathi bedolobha kufanele bazame ngezinhlelo zokuhlola ukusabela komphakathi nokulungisa izakhiwo ngaphambi kokuba zilinganiswe. Inzuzo kulezi zinhlelo kufanele yabelwe ngokucace ukuze kugcinwe ukusekelwa komphakathi.

Imininingwane elula yokwenza izinqumo

Abaqondisi bezokuhamba banamuhla basebenzisa ukwaziswa okunemininingwane efingqiwe. Abaphathi-mapulatifomu kufanele bamise indawo yemininingwane ephakathi efaka ukwaziswa ezinzweni zezimoto, amabhokisi ezokuthutha, ama-memove memost, ama-memostals, nama-apps. Izimiso zokuvula ukwaziswa zivumela abacwaningi nesiqalo ukuba bathuthukise izixazululo ezintsha. Ukusetshenziswa kokubikezela ukuwohloka kokwaziswa, njengokubikezela ukuwohloka komgwaqo, kunganweba imali enciphileni. Izisebenzi eziqeqesha ukuqeqeshwa kolwazi ziqinisekisa ukuthi izinqumo zisekelwe ebufakazini kunokuba zisekelwe kuyi-ecdotal.

Ukuhlanganyela Nomphakathi Ngokuqinisekile

Imisebenzi yezokuhamba ivame ukubhekana nokuphikiswa umphakathi, ikakhulukazi uma ihilela ukushintsha izindlela zokuhamba noma ukuthutha izimoto. Amamenenja edolobha kumelwe asebenzise izakhamuzi ekuqaleni kwenqubo yokuhlela, esebenzisa kokubili izivivinyo ze-mitatho kanye nezindawo zokusebenzela ze-person. Amathuluzi okubona abonisa imiklamo yemigwaqo ehlongozwayo ngo-3D asiza abantu ukuba baqonde ukuhweba ngokuqhubekayo. Ukuxhumana okusobala ngezindleko, izinzuzo, kanye nezilinganiso zesikhathi kwakha ithemba. Ukukhathalela okusezingenisingeni eliphansi kanye nemiphakathi emiphakathini emincane akulishwangatshazwa yizimiso ezintsha ezicacisiwe ngobulungisa bendawo ezungezile nokukhokhwasa izimali ezikhokhwa ukukhokhwa.

Ikusasa Lokuqondisa Izinto Zokuhamba Emadolobheni

Ishumi leminyaka elizayo lizoletha izinguquko ezinkulu. Amapulatifomu e-monibility-a-Service (MaaS) ahlanganisa ukuthutha, ukuhanjwa, ukuhanjwa kwamabhayisekili, nokuqashwa kwemoto emshinini owodwa anganciphisa ukuba nemoto yakho siqu. Izikebhe ezizimele zingasebenza ekuxhumaneni kokuqala nokwehlela phambili. I-hydrogen engamandla emoto lapho amabhatri engasebenzi khona. Futhi ukukhula komsebenzi okude kungashintsha indlela yokuhamba, kunciphise isidingo esiphezulu kodwa kuyenze ingabi namvuthuntubeko enqamule izikhathi eziningi nezindlela.

Ukulungiselela Ukungaqiniseki

Amamenenja amadolobha awanakubikezela ikusasa, kodwa angakha izimiso ezivumelana nezimo. Isisekelo sesisekelo, ukulawulwa komgwaqo othambile (indawo eshintsha ukusebenza ngesikhathi sosuku), kanye nezindawo ezivumela ukushintshwa kalula phakathi kwemiyalo yobuchwepheshe kukhuliswe. Ukuthuthukisa iwele lemishini yezobuchwepheshe yenethiyuwekhi ."a i-proxydificial elingisa izimo(imishini ekwaziyo) ukuvivinya izinqubo ngaphambi kokuba zisetshenziswe.

Ukunqwabelana Kwabantu Ngalé Kwezinhlangano Nezinhlangano Zehlelo

Akukho mphathi wedolobha ophumelela yedwa. Imikhumbi esebenzelana neziphathimandla zendawo zokuthutha, iminyango kahulumeni yezokuthutha, abasebenzisi bomuntu siqu, nomasipala angomakhelwane kubalulekile. Ukuhlanganyela ukwaziswa, ukuhlela isikhathi sokunikeza izimpawu ngaphesheya kwemingcele, nokusebenzisana ngokuhlangene izimali zikahulumeni ezinikeza iminikelo. Izinhlangano zesizwe njenge Institute of Transportation Enginegers ( USTE) ne-National Association of City Transportation Activements (NTY[FLY][FF:3]) zinikeza isiqondiso nokusiza ukufunda ontanga. Abaphathi bedolopost.

Umbono Onezinzwa

Ekugcineni, ukuqondisa izinto zokuhamba zasedolobheni kuhlanganisa abantu namathuba − jobs, imfundo, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, kanye nokuzijabulisa. Izisebenzi zedolobha eziphumelela kakhulu zibheka izinto zokuhamba njengenkinga yobunjineli ehlukile kodwa njengethuluzi lokuthola amandla abanzi asemadolobheni. Ngokusingatha izinselele zokuminyana, ukuxhasa imali, indawo ezungezile, ukuphepha, nobuchwepheshe ngokuhlela izinto ezicacile nangokuzibophezela, zingakha izimiso ezisiza wonke umuntu, namuhla nakwesikhathi esizayo.