Iziqhingi zasedolobheni ezishisayo (UHS) zingezinye zezinselele eziphuthuma kakhulu zendawo ezungezile ezibhekene namadolobha emhlabeni wonke, futhi iUnited Kingdom ayihlukile. Njengoba izindawo zasemadolobheni ziqhubeka zikhula futhi isimo sezulu sishintsha, amadolobha aphesheya kwe-UK anezinga lokushisa okukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezindawo zawo ezizungezile ezizungezile. Lesi senzakalo, esiqhutshwa yizisekelo eziqinile, imisebenzi yabantu, nokunciphiswa kwezindawo ezingokwemvelo, siye sabangela ukuba imeya ezindaweni ezihlala izakhiwo ukuba zithathe isinyathelo esiwujuqu. Kusukela ekufakeleni izakhiwo eziluhlaza ukuze kuqinisekiswe izimpahla ezifulelayo, i-UK ihovisiwe phambili yezindlela ezihloselwe ukupholisa amadolobha ethu. Lesi sihloko sihlola isayensi ngemva kokushisa kwasedolobheni, izimiso ezintsha ezithathwa ngomameya, nezinyathelo ezingokoqobo ezithathwayo ukuze zithuthukise uphahla. Ngokuqondana, lemizamo yokwaziswa kwamadolobha amadolobha asendaweni akhona, futhi athuthukele, u-U.

Ukuqonda Iziqhingi Ezishisayo Zasemadolobheni

Iziqhingi ezishisayo zasedolobheni (UHS) zibhekisela esenzekalweni lapho izindawo zasemadolobheni zibhekene namazinga okushisa aphakeme kakhulu kunasemaphandleni azungezile. Lokhu kushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kungasuka kumadegree ambalwa kuya kuma-1°C noma ngaphezulu phakathi nobusuku noma ngezinsuku ezolile, ezicwebile. Abashayeli bokuqala base-UHs bahlanganisa ukubuyiselwa kwezitshalo ezingokwemvelo ngezakhiwo, imigwaqo, nezinye izindawo ezibandayo; ukushisa okubangelwa izimoto, izikhuthazo zomoya, kanye nezinqubo zezezimboni; kanye negeomethi yemizi emithathu egcina umoya evimbela ukushisa nokuphuma komoya.

Imiphumela ye-UH Is iyanda kakhulu. Amazinga okushisa aphakeme andisa isidingo samandla okupholisa, aholela ekushiseni ikhabhoni ephakeme nasekusebenziseni inzuzo ekhudlwana ebhayweni lezakhamuzi. I-Heat ibangela ukungcola komoya ngokusheshisa i-ozone engaphansi komhlaba, engabangela izinkinga zokuphefumula. Ukuchayeka kakhulu ekushiseni okunzima kubangela izingozi ezinkulu zempilo, kuhlanganise nokushisa, ukushisa okungashelela, ngisho nokufa, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabantu abasengozini njengezingane, kanye nalabo abanezinkinga zempilo ezikhona ngaphambili. E-UK, kanye nezitejikisss ezibonisa ukushisa okukhulu, ukushisa okuhambisana nokwehlela kwemidamuko ye-UH IS kuye kwaba yinto yokuqala ephambili emadolobheni nasemagunyeni.

Indima Yezinhlansi Endleleni Yokusebenza Kwesimo Sezulu Sasemadolobheni

Imeya yedolobha e-UK iye yaba wusizo ekuqhubeni inqubo yesimo sezulu sendawo, ikakhulukazi ekusingatheni ukushisa kwasemadolobheni. Ngokungafani nohulumeni bezwe, amameya anegunya eliqondile lokusebenzisa uhlelo lwezwe, iziqondiso zokwakha, izindawo zomphakathi, nezindawo zendawo ezingokwendawo. Lokhu kuwenza akwazi ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuhlomela ezinganciphisa ngokushesha imiphumela yeziqhingi ezishisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amameya angenza njengabaxolisi bezakhiwo, amaqembu omphakathi, nezinhlangano zendawo ezungezile ukuze zisebenzele ezimigomweni ezifanayo. Ukubonakala kwabo nosizo lwabo lokuhola kuthuthukisa ukuqasheka komphakathi futhi kuvikele izombangazwe ngezinye izikhathi kuyokwenza izinyathelo ezibangela ukuncithaka kophahla olupholileyo noma ukwanda kwendawo eluhlaza ezindaweni ezibanzi zasemadolobheni.

Isici esiyinhloko semizamo yomameya ukuhlanganiswa kwe-UHI mitigated kulokhu kuvumelana nokuzinza kanye namasu okuzinzisa. Amadolobha amaningi ase-UK aye amemezela izimo zezulu eziphuthumayo futhi abeka izisulu zenetha elinamandla. Ukudayisa ukushisa kwasemadolobheni kuphelelisa lezi zinjongo ngokwehlisa amandla, ukuthuthukisa impilo yomphakathi, nokuthuthukisa izinga lokuphila. Ama-meya nawo asebenzelana kakhulu nemizimba yesizwe, [[FLT: 0] [[FLT]]] ., kanye nezimiso zomhlaba ezisebenza njenge [FLT:] [FLT] [3] nezingalo olungcono lokusebenzisa i-CMbali ye-CM.[FLT]

Imisebenzi Yokuklama Eluhlaza

Enye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu nezinemisebe eminingi yokulungisa i-UH Is i-octives. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amapaki, uphahla oluluhlaza okotshani, izihlahla zomgwaqo, izindonga eziluhlaza, izingadi zemvula, nezinye izici eziveziwe ezinciphisa amazinga okushisa angaphezulu ngokunyakaza nokuphefumula. Uma izitshalo zikhipha amanzi ashelelayo, zipholisa umoya ozungezile, njengokujuluka komuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlahla zinikeza umthunzi onciphisa izinga lokushisa langaphezulu ngo-2045/45/5°FFFC) uma kuqhathaniswa nezindawo ezingashubile.

Ama-mayagnie anqamule ama-component anezinzuzo eziphezulu zezakhiwo eziluhlaza. Ngokwesibonelo, i- enkulu yaseManchester ihlangene neGunya ibophekile ekutshaleni izihlahla ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu ngo-2030, i-recogning ibuye ifake izinzuzo ezinomsila. I-Urban Green Factory [[[FLT:]] Ifuna intuthuko entsha ukuze ihlanganise isilinganiso esincane sendawo eluhlaza, ulwelwe nophahla. I-Bristol ihlanganisa inzuzo eluhlaza eDolobhaka. [[FLT][FLD][F:] Uhlela] uhlelo lweLondon [FLD] Luyilungele] I-URBENS, oluhlobana nezindawo zokulwayo lapho ithuthukisa khona izakhiwo. Kodwa futhi inciphisa izingozi zempi, i-futhe ngokwengqondo.

Ukuze basheshise ukufezeka, amameya ayizinqubo ezintsha zezimali ezithola amandla njengemibhoshongo eluhlaza, ukuhlangana komphakathi, kanye nokuthatha izinyathelo zomphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, amaGreen Goofs ass for Healthy Cities [ athatha isinyathelo esiphezulu e-UK anikeza inzuzo kanye nokusekela kobuchwepheshe ekwakheni abanikazi abafaka uphahla oluluhlaza. Ngokukwenza kube lula futhi kungabi lula ukukha uhlaza, amameya emeya aqinisekisa ukuthi ngisho nezindawo ezakhiwe kakhulu zingazuza emakhambisweni athoba asekelwe ekupholiseni kwemvelo.

Izinhlungu Ezipholile Nezikhuthazayo

Uphahla olupholile olunezinto ezicwebezelayo ezinciphisa ukushisa okufakwayo (28-33) luyikhomba eliqinisekisiwe, ubuchwepheshe obubizayo obunciphisa amazinga okushisa asedolobheni. Ngokungafani nophahla oluvamile olumnyama olungafinyelela kumazinga okushisa angu-15°F (66°C) noma ngaphezulu ehlobo, uphahla olupholile luhlala lungu-50-60°F (28-33°°°C) lupholile, lunciphisa kokubili ukushisa kwesiqhingi namandla adingekayo ukuze kunciphe umoya. E-UK, lapho izakhiwo eziningi zinophahla olumnyama nombangophi, uphahla olupholile lungathuthukisa amandla nenduduzo ngokuphawulekayo.

Izakhiwo eziningi ze-UK ziye zasungula izimiso zophahla olupholile. i-Cool Roofs Inititificitive inikeza izimali futhi ihlela ngokushesha izimvume zezakhiwo zokuhlala nezentengiselwano ezifaka uphahla olupholile. Inyathelo lokuqala futhi linikeza amathuluzi akhululekile kuwekhomputer yokwakha abaphathi bemali egciniwe. EBirmingham, umkhandlu wedolobha usungule ukuhlanganisa izivumelwano zawo ukuze kufune ukuba zonke izindlu ezintsha ezifulelweyo zibe nophawulo olubonisa ilanga (SRI) ku- 78, uphahla olupholile. I-Mastercester isungule uhlela uhlelo lokushayela umnikelo wazo emakhaya [[FLT] [FLT] olunolungeneyo noma oluluhlaza oluthathe indawo ephahleni.

Ngaphandle kwezisusa eziqondile, amameya asebenzisa futhi izimiso zokwakha nokulungisa indawo ukuze akhuthaze uphahla olupholile. Ngokwesibonelo, amanye amadolobha aye adale i- “Cool Roof Zones” lapho izindinganiso zokubonisa zigcinwa khona ezindaweni ezinezinga elinamandla lokushisa. Abanye baye bahlanganisa izimfuneko zophahla olupholile kwimithetho yokwakha izakhiwo zikamasipala yokwakha nokulungisa okukhulu. Ngokufaka izintambo nezinti, amameya abhebhebhethekisa ukwamukela le misebenzi elula kodwa enamandla. [UMhlanga lwe-Cool of Idential Council [ [CRCRC] [iRC] inikeza iziyalezo ze-cregisterm nezindinganiso ezisiza umkhiqizo, kanye nezikhombo eziningi ezibonisa imikhiqizo ye-CRRCRCRCRCRC, ezisethiwe.

Ukuhlanganyela Nokufundisa Komphakathi

Amakhambi obuchwepheshe kuphela awanele; ukuqaphela umphakathi nokuhileleka emphakathini kubalulekile ekuthatheni izinyathelo ezibanzi zokwamukelwa kwe-UHI mitigation. Abakhandi baqala imikhankaso yokufundisa ukuze basize izakhamuzi ziqonde izingozi zokushisa okukhulu nezenzo ezingazenza. Ngokwesibonelo, Liveolpool City Council[ iphethe uhlelo “Lovale Liverpool" olusakaza ulwazi oluphathelene nokuhlala upholile phakathi kwama-filve, kuhlanganise nezindlela zokusebenzisa amafilimu asemafasite, ukutshala imithunzi yezihlahla, nokusebenzisa upende omhlophe ophahla noma izindonga. Ngokufanayo, [[FLT:] [FLT]] [FLT:] uhlelo lweze-Nebourbeurbate" lusebenza ngokulungisa izihlahla zezihlahla ezisendawo yomphakathi, futhi lusebenza ezinhlahleni zezindawo zokulungisa izihlahla.

Ukuthembisana komphakathi kuhlanganisa nokumisa izixazululo kanye nezakhamuzi. I-Licester, ihhovisi lomphathi-meya linezindlela zokuhlola umphakathi zokudweba “amachashaza” edolobheni nasezindaweni zangaphambi kokuchachacha. Umphumela“ u-Heat Resilience Act Plan" uhlanganisa inhlanganisela yophahla olupholile, amaphasishi aluhlaza, nezakhiwo ezifihlakele ezatshelwa ngokuqondile ulwazi lwendawo. Lendlela ephansi yakha ithemba, iqinisekisa ukuthi amakhambi ahlangabezana nezidingo ezingokoqobo, futhi asekela umuzwa wokuba ngumniniyo osekela isikhathi eside.

Amameya amaningi asebenza futhi nezikole zokuhlanganisa ukushisa nezifundo. Glasgow , ngokwesibonelo, aye asebenzisana ne Royal Meteorological Society [ ukwenza amasu aphathelene nokushisa kwasemadolobheni nobuchwepheshe bokufulela uphahla. Ngokufundisa intsha, omeya bathuthukisa isizukulwane esilandelayo sezakhamuzi ezinganaki isimo sezulu esizoqhubeka nokuthola la makhambi emiphakathini yabo.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo Zamadolobha Ase - UK

ILondon: Isinyathelo Sokuqala Esipholile

ILondon, enendwangu ebanzi yasemadolobheni kanye nabantu abakhulayo, iyindawo engokwemvelo eshisayo ye-UH Is. Umphathi wedolobha uye wenza ukuba idolobha libe nensika ephakathi ye- London Environment Strategy[. I-Coool Roofs Initived, esungulwe ngo-2018, inikeza imvume yokuvala uphahla olupholile olungu-50% lwezindleko zokufaka uphahla ezakhiwoni ezithengisekayo. Ngosuku oluphakathi, amamitha ayizikwele angu-10 000 ophahla olupholile abekwe, futhi inyathelo lokuqala liye lakhuliswa ukuhlanganisa “ukwakhelwa kwemigwane ye-omfunda. Isakhiwo se-Greattonton, futhi sisekela ukuhlikiswe kwe-London [FFod proces] noma izakhiwo ezinomphethi oluhlaza manje.[5]

IManchester: Ukutshalwa Kwezitshalo Nokushisa Edolobheni

IManchester ingelinye lamadolobha agcwele kakhulu eUK uma kuziwa ku-UHI mitigation. IManchester City Council ithathe icebo “eliluhlaza nelebhu e-Fractraiformure" elihlanganisa amapaki, imisele, uphahla oluluhlaza, nezimiso zokukhipha amanzi aqinile ukuze kuncitshiselwe amazinga okushisa. I-Mannerarea isekective yedolobha elisebenzisa imifanekiso ye-tellitellite nezindlela zomhlaba ukuveza izindawo ezishisayo. Lamabalazwe azisa isinqumo sokwenza: umzekelo, izindawo eziphakeme ze-prioritys ezinamathensi angenisa izihlahla kanye nezimfiva ezipholile. I-Manberg inikeza futhi “ult of Grant" ye-planey'stons" ku-Roteat, i-Rool" kanye ne-Rool-Reomeomeomessssss (irces) eziwusizo se-orletwe ye-Erdamuzwe kakhulu.[2]

IBristol: Imithetho Yokwakha Engahlotshisiwe

Ukuthatha kwe-Bristol kuvela ekuqondeni kwayo okungaguquguquki. Umphathi wedolobha uphoqelelwe ngenqubo yokuhlela Bristol Common Plan[ egunyaza “isakhiwo noma uphahla oluluhlaza” kuzo zonke izakhiwo ezintsha phezu kobude obuthile, eziphumelela kusukela ku-202020. Lemfuneko iphoqelelwa ngenqubo yokuhlela, iqinisekisa ukuthi intuthuko entsha inengxenye ekuncipheni kwe-UHI kusukela ngosuku olulodwa. IBristol futhi inikeza “INgxobo yokwakha esebenzayo” enikeza izimali zokuboleka eziphansi kakhulu ngemisebenzi yokulungisa isakhiwo, kuhlanganise nemiphaka yophahla epholileyo. Idolobha liye laphumelela ngokuphawulekayo ukuhlolwa [FLD:] ukuhlolwa kwezindawo zeNtshonalanga ezingaphezulu nezingako ezifulelwe ngesilinganiso esiphansi kakhulu. Izindawo zokufulela amagesi ezingaphezulu. Izifunda kanye nezingamelene. Izikhulu zika-dolome, izinyusi, futhi ziveza izikhulu zezindawo ezingcono kakhulu.

Birmingham: Umholi Wezomthetho

IBirmingham, idolobha elikhulu kakhulu le-UK ngaphandle kweLondon, liye lathatha futhi intuthuko enkulu. iBirmham City Council ibuye ilungise i-Gawulayo [ ekwakheni iMithetho yokulawula [[[[FLT]]] kwengu-2021] ukucela isikhombo esincane sika-ukukhanya kwelanga sika 0. 60 kuzo zonke iziphahla ezintsha ezicabacwe. Lokhu kwenza i-Birmingham ibe elinye lamadolobha ambalwa aseYurophu anesilinganiso esithile sokwenza umsebenzi. Imeyarejini yahlanganisa lemithetho “inselele ngeRool" inselele inselele emizini yemizi ezindaweni ezifuzelelene. Izakhiwo ezingaphezulu kakhulu, ibonise izakhiwo ezisemkhathini eziwude kakhulu, futhi ikhiphe amandla angoko ezindaweni zomphakathi ezingaphandle, eziwubonisa izakhiwo ezingu-3.

IGlasgow: Ukuhlanganisa Izintambo Ezipholile Ne - Retrofit

Glasgow, enezakhiwo ezinkulu ezinezikhungo eziqinile ezinezikwele ezimnyama, ibhekene nezinselele ezihlukile. Umphathi wedolobha uye wahlanganisa ukunyuselwa kophahla olupholile oluya e Glasgow Home Econfizence Programme[. Uma izakhamuzi zifaka isicelo sokulungisa izakhiwo ezibandayo noma uphahla, zinikezwa uphahla olupholile oluhle. Amakhaya angaphezu kuka-500 aye azuza kuze kube manje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Glasgow i-lasgow Homey Energy Programme". I-Glasbource isungule i-heat programmess" endaweni yeGovanhill, lapho inhlanganisela yezihlahla ezipholile, uphahla olupholile, futhi imimentshisi yemigwaqo ihleliwe. IYuni yase-Stradedium ihleliwe ka-kade i-Daw i-Dawdromey i-ieved.

Izinselele Neziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo

Naphezu kwentuthuko ehlaba umxhwele, izinselele eziningi ziyaqhubeka. Okokuqala, ukuxhasa ngemali kuhlala kuyisithiyo esikhulu. Imisebenzi epholile neluhlaza idinga ukutshala imali ebekelwe indawo, futhi imeya ithembele ekubekeni imali elinganiselwe noma ezinkokhelweni zesizwe. Imali kahulumeni we-UK ye-Green Green Heat Network Fund[ futhi [[FLT]] nemali efakwayo [[FLT]] Imali ephezulu [[[FLT]] inikeza ukusekela okuthile, kodwa imfuno engekho kakhulu eqoqweni. Izivumelwano zesifunda sesifunda sihlukile: nakuba abanye abathuthuki bebona inani lamaphahla apholile, abanye abanqikaza ngenxa yezindleko ezigqamile. UH umehluko omkhulu, noma izakhiwo ezingcono kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezikhona noma lapho kuhlelwa khona imingcele ezindaweni ezikhona. Izindawo eziphambili zezindawo ezimhlophe, noma eziphansi kakhulu, izigwebo zezindawo zezihlahla ezimhlophe.

Ukuze banqobe lezinselele, omeya babheke ekuxutshweni kwamathuluzi esimiso, ukusungulwa kwezimali, kanye nokuxhumana komphakathi. Omunye umzila othembisayo uwukusetshenziswa kwezibopho zengcacane [ ezibekelwe ngokukhethekile ukumelana nokushisa. i-LT] Lon Green Fund[, ngokwesibonelo, inyuse ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-$500 ze-olgnbon encith nesisekelo esipholile. Okunye ukuhlanganiswa kwezimfuneko zophahla ezipholile emishuwaneni efulelwe, i-rethistionsssssss ezifakwa phansi noma inzalo yezelo. Izimo eziqokotholo zezelelwayo zomphakathi, njenge-ovaluntswoose procesting, kufakwa imvume yezindawo ezisezindaweni ezingaphezulu ezisezindaweni ezingaphezulu kakhulu.

Ukubheka phambili, ukusungula kwezobuchwepheshe kuzoba nendima enkulu. Izinto zophahla ziyanciphisa futhi ziphumelela kakhulu, ngemikhiqizo ekhona manje enikeza 90% yemisebe yelanga. Izigqizo zezinga lokuhlohlo [ ezishintsha ukushisa okusekelwe ekuthuthukisekeni. [i-data i-alytics, kuhlanganise ne-tellitellite kanye ne-mometicssting, ziyosiza izisulu zokungenela ngokuqondene. [[[FLT:] Ihhovisi le-Met [ult:5] kanye [ulwazi olunamandla] kanye nolwazi olunamandla] [[FLT:][FT][FL][5][5][5] [indlela]

Isiphetho

Umholi oboniswa amameya asemadolobheni ase-UK ekuqedeni iziqhingi zasemadolobheni ukupholisa uphahla olupholile kuyisiqinisekiso sokulawula amandla ezenzo zendawo lapho kushintsha isimo sezulu sembulunga. Ngezimiso zokuhlohla, ukusekelana kwezimali, ukuhlangana kwezizwe, nokubambisana komphakathi, la mameya enza intuthuko ephawulekayo ekupholiseni izindawo zethu ezisemadolobheni. Ukusuka eLondon ukunikeza izinhlelo zokulawula izakhiwo zeBristol, ukuma kwe-Mansteringston escleat, ukushisa kukaManchester ku-Glasbow ukuze kuhlanganiswe i-Glasbow, ubufakazi obucacile: ukungenela ukungenela ukungenela kokungenela izindleko, ukunciphisana amandla, ukunciphisa kwempilo yomphakathi, ukuvuse ukuvuselelwa kwezindawo eziphambili zomphakathi, ukuvuthamisa izakhiwo zedolobha, ukuvuse ukusekela isilinganiso esiphambili sawonganye isilinganiso esiphambili, ukusekela isilinganiso sesikhathi esizayo sesikhathi esizayo, uhulumeni sembukwa naso.