Ukuqonda Inqubo Yokuzwa Esetshenziswayo

Izikhulu zezikhulu zezikhulu zilandela izinqubo ezilawulwa yizinhlangano zikahulumeni zokuxazulula izimpikiswano ezihilela ukulawulwa, uku-ainsting, uku-agnode, uku-application. Ngokungafani nokuqulwa kwecala elingokwesiko lenkantolo, lezi zindaba zilandela izinqubo ezilandela inqubo ezilawulwa yi-authority ’ imithetho yakhe siqu noma ngenqubo yokuqondisa kahulumeni ukwenza izenzo (AAS). Umenzi wesinqumo oyinhloko ungumahluleli womthetho wokulawula (ALJ) noma isikhulu esilalelayo esibukeza ubufakazi obungokwesiko, sizwa, futhi sikhipha isinqumo esilotshiwe.

Ukuze wakhe indaba eqinile emhlabathini, kumelwe kuqala ufunde incazelo ethile esebenzayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukwazi:

  • [[UMTL:0] Umfundisi ogcina isikhathi [[[QL:1] wokufaka izicelo noma ukuthatha isinyathelo ezithatha isikhathi.
  • Izicelo zokuthola (uma ikhona) kanye nobukhulu bobufakazi obuvunyelwe.
  • Izindawo zobufakazi[ kanye nokuhlola.
  • Indinganiso yobufakazi (umzk., ukucabangisisa ngobufakazi, ubufakazi obuqand ’ ikhanda, noma ubufakazi obucacile nobukholisayo).

Ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nomthetho owodwa we-procedrome kungaphazamisa icala elifanele. Ngokwesibonelo, amanxusa amaningi adinga isaziso esibhaliwe sokudlulisa izicelo phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-30 zesenzo esibi. Ukungafinyeleli leso sikhathi kungalahlekelwa ilungelo lokuzwa ngokuphelele. Hlaziya ngokucophelela i-audition ’ i-s ukwenza umthetho nezimiso zayo ezinyathelisiwe. American Bar's Commentpartment of Administrative Law and Regatation Createry [ inikeza imithombo emihle kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezinhlelweni ze-APA.

I - pase: Ukucwaninga Okuzwayo Nokucwaninga Ngokomthetho

Ukulungiselela amacala okuphumelelayo kuqala ngaphambi kosuku lokuqulwa kwecala. Lengxenye ihilela ukucwaninga okujulile okungokomthetho, ukucwaninga okuyiqiniso, nenqubo yokuqala.

Ukucwaninga Ngemithetho Nokuqondisa

Yakha wonke umthetho, imithetho, ilungiselelo lezimiso, nesinqumo senhlangano esihambisana nawe. Naka ngokukhethekile izincazelo, ngaphandle, nemithwalo yobufakazi. Sebenzisa idata engokomthetho enjengeWestlaw noma i-operact-compant yohlelo lwe-internet. Izindaba zikahulumeni, Féderal Register ne-[FLT] Code of Federal Divictal[ ziyizisekelo ezibalulekile. Izindaba ze-evicesssss.

Yenza uhlaka lwezici ezingokomthetho okumelwe uzibonise (noma ukuthi inkampani kumele imelane nawe). Lolu hlelo luzosebenza njengemapu yakho yomgwaqo ukuze uthole ubufakazi kanye nokuthuthukisa impikiswano.

Ukucwaninga Okuyiqiniso Nobufakazi

Ubufakazi buyimali yokuqulwa kwamacala. Ngokungafani nemithetho engokomthetho yobufakazi esetshenziswa ezinkantolo, amacala amaningi abaphathi avuma ubufakazi obuthi “buyicala, buyi-production, futhi buyi-othergit.” Lokhu kungahlanganisa amahemuhemu, izithombe, amarekhodi ebhizinisi, nama-imeyili, uma nje kungasho ukuthi azinalo ishwangusha.

Qala ukuqoqa amaphepha ngokushesha:

  • Correspondence phakathi kwakho ne-'i-ace'.
  • [[UMTH:0] Imigomo, izinhlelo, noma imvume yokuhlela ebangela impikiswano.
  • Amarekhodi enhlangano ye-Internal [ atholwa ngesicelo somphakathi noma ukutholwa.
  • amafoto, amavidiyo, noma amakhasethi okuqopha abalulekile emaqinisweni.
  • [ izinkulumo zoFakazi kanye nemibiko yochwepheshe.

Hlela ubufakazi ngabunye ngenombolo yeBates noma isikhombi esihlukile. Yenza uhlu oluphambili lwemifanekiso oluchaza kafushane into ngayinye nokubaluleka kwayo. Lokhu kwenza umbukiso usebenze kahle kakhulu lapho uzwa.

Ukubona OFakazi Nokubalungiselela

Ufakazi abanganikeza ubufakazi ngokuphawula kwabo okuqondile. Ofakazi abaqaphile, njengonjiniyela, ochwepheshe bezincwadi, noma ochwepheshe bezokwelapha, banganikeza imibono ezindabeni zobuchwepheshe. Ufakazi ngamunye, lungiselela uhlaka lokuhlola okuqondile okugxile emaqinisweni okumelwe udale.

Bheka ukuhlolwa kwesiphambano. Sebenzela ufakazi wakho ukuze ubhekane nokubuza imibuzo enzima lapho ulondoloza ukuthembeka. Ngisho nofakazi othembekile kakhulu angafiphazwa uma engalungiselelanga. Cabangela ukuqhuba isiqephu sokuhlola isiphambano ngaphambi kokuqulwa kwecala.

Esokwesibili: Ukwakha Iphuzu Elifanele

Inkolelo - mbono yendaba iyincazelo efingqiwe, ekholisayo yalokho okwenzekile, ukuthi kungani ibalulekile ngaphansi komthetho, nokuthi kungani isikhulu esizwayo kufanele silawule wena. Yindaba eyisisekelo ehlanganisa bonke ubufakazi bakho. Inkolelo yecala enamandla yenza izinto ezintathu:

  1. [[I-FLT:0] iveza indinganiso engokomthetho yokulawula.
  2. [ Ibala amaqiniso amakhulu agcwalisa leyondinganiso.
  3. [ Ikheli lombangi ongase aphikisane.

Ngokwesibonelo, ephephandabeni lokuvala izindlebe lochwepheshe, inkolelo - mbono yakho ingase ibe ukuthi: “Umbiko wale nhlangano wokuhlola awubonisi ukwephulwa kwendinganiso yokuphepha u - X, futhi ngisho noma kwenzeka ukwephulwa kobuchwepheshe, ikhambi elifanele liyisixwayiso esilotshiwe, hhayi sokuchithwa.”

Yibe ususebenzisa iphuzu elisho indaba yakho ukuze uqondise zonke izinqumo: ofakazi ongababiza, izincwadi ozoziqokomisa, naziphi izimpikiswano ozozigcizelela ezitatimendeni zakho zokuqala neziphethayo.

Ukulindela Nokumelana Nesikhundla Sale Arhentshi

Izimo zikahulumeni zivame ukuba nenzuzo ekhaya. Bayazi isikhulu esizwayo, izimo ezingokwesiko, nezimiso ezingokomthetho ezithembele kuzo. Kumelwe ulindele izimpikiswano zenhlangano ezinamandla kakhulu futhi ulungiselele ukuphikisa kusengaphambili.

Yenza “isimo esiqinile” uhlole: cabangela ubufakazi benhlangano bulimaza ngangokunokwenzeka. Ungaphumelela kanjani? Lokho kuvivinya ngokuvamile kwembula ubuthakathaka kuwe siqu obungakusiza ubhekane nomthetho.

Uma lenhlangano inobufakazi obuwumthwalo, gxila ekululazeni ubufakazi bayo ngokuhlola isiphambano, izincwadi eziphikisanayo, noma ubufakazi obungochwepheshe. Uma unawo umthwalo, qinisekisa ubufakazi bakho buhlangabezana ngokuqondile nesici ngasinye sokuhlolwa okungokomthetho.

IPhasi Elithathu: Inhlangano Yezono Nezincwadi Ezingokwesiko

Izindlebe zezisebenzi zibhalwe ngebhukwana. Ihele lecala elingahlelekile liveza ukungakulungeli futhi lingaholela ekulahlekelweni ngamathuba. Lungisa izinto zakho ukuze uthole noma iluphi ubufakazi phakathi nemizuzwana.

Ukudala Ubhadane Oluzwayo

Lungisa i - metary engokomzimba noma engokwamanani enala mabhabhu alandelayo:

  • Isithakethe 1:[ Umlando we-Procedtural (imininingwane yokuzwa, ibhukwana lenhlangano elikhombayo, impendulo yakho).
  • [[Umthetho:0] Isithako 2:[ igunya elingokomthetho (okufundisa, imithetho, umthetho wezezimali).
  • [[ITL:0] Isithakethe 3:[ Uhlu lwesiboniso kanye namakhophi emifanekiso (nemiboniso ephawulwe ngokwemininingwane).
  • [[Uluhlu:0] Isithako 4: uhlu loFakazi kanye nokufushaniswa kobufakazi obulindelekile.
  • Isithakethe 5: Ukuvula umphandle wenkulumo nokuvala amanothi empikiswano.

Uma ukuzwa kuvumela umbukiso we-electronic, lungisa i-slide drive ebonisa ibhande lakho. Iningi le-alJ lijabulela imiboniso ehlelwe kahle ekwazi ukuboniswa esihekisweni lapho kufakazelwa.

Ukuhoxa Nokuzithoba Ngaphambi Kokuba Uzwe

Bheka ukuthi lenhlangano idinga ukuzithoba kokuzwa ngaphambi kokuba uzwe, njengamazwi athathayo, uhlu lofakazi, noma ukubukisa. Izinhlu ezifile ziqinile. Sebenzisa lokhu kuzithoba ukuze uhlele izimpikiswano kanye namaqiniso acishe aphikiswane.

Cabangela ukuthatha isinyathelo sokufingqa uma amaqiniso ezinto ezibonakalayo engangaphikiswa futhi unelungelo lokwahlulela njengendaba yomthetho. Nakuba kungavamile ukuba kunikezwe inzuzo noma ukudluliswa kwamacala, ukunyakaza okungagunyaziwe ngezinye izikhathi kunganxenxa inxusa ukuba liphinde lihlole ukuma kwalo ngaphambi kokuqulwa kwecala.

Umbukiso Wesine One Onempumelelo Ekulaleleni

Ukuzwa ngokwako kulapho ukulungiselela kwakho kuholela khona. I-ALJ ibheka ukucaca, ukufinyela, nokuhlonipha inqumo. Umgomo wakho ukwenza umsebenzi womenzi wesinqumo ube lula ngangokunokwenzeka.

Amazwi Okuvula

Nikeza imbobo emfushane esho inkolelo - mbono yecala lakho futhi ubhekisise ubufakazi. Ungaphikisani nomthetho isikhathi eside; kunalokho, landisa indaba eyiqiniso efanelana nomthetho. Ngokwesibonelo:

`Udumo lwakho, ubufakazi buzobonisa ukuthi ikhasimende lami livumelana nayo yonke imfuneko yokuphepha ngaphansi kwe-Fort 43-202, ukuthi umbiko wokuhlola wenhlangano wawunamaphutha, nokuthi noma ikuphi ukuswela okuthiwa kwalungiswa phakathi namahora angu-24.”

Gcina izikhala zingekho imizuzu engaphezu kwemihlanu ngaphandle kokuba isikhulu sezindlebe sibonisa okuhlukile.

Ukuhlola OFakazi Ngokuqondile

Sebenzisa imibuzo edluliselwe obala ukuze uvulele ubufakazi obulandisayo kofakazi bakho. Gwema ukuhola imibuzo ngokuqondile. Uma ufakazi ethukile, qala ngemibuzo elula esekelwe esizinda ukuze wakhe induduzo. Hamba usuka kuwonke-wonke uye emininingwaneni eqondile, uqinisekisa ukuthi ufakazi uhlanganisa isici ngasinye senkolelo - mbono yendaba yakho.

Ngemva kokuhlola ngokuqondile, inxusa lizoba nethuba lokunqamleza i-examine. Lungela ukubuyisela noma yiziphi izinto ezishiwo kabi noma ezishiywa zingaphelele.

Ukuhlukana Kwezindawo ZoFakazi Abahlolayo

Ukuhlola ukuqulwa kwecala lokuphatha ngokuvamile kulinganiselwe kakhulu kunasenkantolo, kodwa ungahlasela ukuthembeka, ubandlululo, noma amaphutha ayiqiniso. Sebenzisa imibuzo eholela ekulawuleni izimpendulo zofakazi. Izinqubo ezimbalwa eziphumelelayo:

  • ukuvuma okusemthethweni kwamaqiniso amahle (umzk., “Uyavuma ukuthi umbiko wakho awusho ukuphulwa kwezokuphepha ngo-2022, ngokulungile?).
  • [ Ukuguquguquka [ phakathi kobufakazi nezinkulumo ezibhalwe ngaphambili.
  • chaza igebe lolwazi[ (umzk., “Awuhlolanga indawo ngokomuntu siqu ngosuku lokwephulwa komthetho oshiwo, ukhona?”).

Uma ufakazi ebalekela, ngenhlonipho cela isikhulu sezindaba ukuba siqondise ufakazi ukuba aphendule umbuzo.

Impikiswano Evalayo

Impikiswano yakho yokuphetha kufanele ifingxethe ubufakazi bese ububopha ngokucacile nezindinganiso zomthetho. Qinisa ubufakazi obuthembeke kakhulu kanye nezincwadi ezisekela icala lakho ngokuqondile.

Uma leli khambi livumela ukubhalwa kwemifushane yokugcina, sebenzisa lelothuba ukuze unikeze imicabango eqondile emqondweni. Iningi lalaba bantu lijabulela i-alj enesizathu esifushane esibasindisa ekufuneni ubufakazi ngamahora amaningi.

I - passe Abahlanu: Isu Lokuzwa Nokukhanga Ngemva Kwendlebe

Uma isinqumo singesihle, ungathola ilungelo lokubhala noma ukudlulisa isikhalo uqobo ngaphambi kokuhlola ukwahlulela.

Ukuhlaziya Isinqumo

Funda isinqumo se-ALJ ngokucophelela. Thola ukuthi yini eyiqiniso ongayivumelani nayo kanye neziphetho ezingokomthetho. Thola ukuthi amaphutha asekelwe ekuchazweni kabi komthetho, ukuntuleka kobufakazi obuqand ’ ikhanda, noma ukungaqiniseki okungokomthetho.

Izimfihlo Zangaphakathi

Izinhlangano eziningi zinendawo yokubukeza noma ibhodi elalela izikhalo zesinqumo se-ALJ. landela imithetho yenhlangano yokulungisa izinqumo — ngokuvamile phakathi nezinsuku eziyishumi kuya kwezingu - 30.

Ukubukeza Kokwahlulela

Uma amakhambi angaphakathi ephelile, ungase ucele inkantolo (ngokuvamile inkantolo ephakeme yesifundazwe noma inkantolo yesifunda) ukuze uphinde ufunde. Indinganiso yokubukeza ngokuvamile iwubuhle: okutholakele kusekelwa uma kusekelwa ubufakazi obuqand ’ ikhanda; iziphetho zakho ezingokomthetho zibukezwa ngokudelela. Isicelo sakho kumelwe sibonise ukuthi lenhlangano yenza ngokuthanda, ngokunganaki, noma ngokwephula umthetho.

Imithetho yokulinganiselwa kokubukezwa kokwahlulela ifushane — ngokuvamile izinsuku ezingu - 30 kuya kwezingu - 90.

Izihibe Ezivamile Nendlela Yokuzigwema

Ngisho nabameleli abangomakad ’ ebona benza amaphutha ekuqulweni kwecala. Nakhu izingibe namasu okuwagwema:

  • Ukulungiselela ngokwanele indlela yesikhulu esiphethe izindlebe. Ezinye i-ALJ zisemthethweni; ezinye zilalela izinkulumo njengemihlangano yesikhashana. Kucelwa umhlangano wangaphambi kokuzwa ukuze ufunde okuthandwa isikhulu.
  • Ukungavumelani nobufakazi obungakholeki. Ngisho noma amahemuhemu evunyelwa kaningi, ungaphika uma ubufakazi bungabalulekile, bungaqashelwa, noma bungabekelwe cala ngokungafanele. Gcina ukuphikisa kwakho ukuze ubhale.
  • [[[UMTL:0] Ukuzihlolela phakathi nokuhlolwa okuqondile.[[Umthetho:1] Ofakazi bakho mabayilandise indaba. Ukubakhokha noma ukubaphazamisa kulimaza ukwethenjelwa.
  • Ukungavumelani nemifanekiso yenhlangano. Iseluleko se-arhency cishe sizoletha iphakethe elikhulu lombukiso. Yibukeze kahle phambi kokuzwa futhi ulungise ukuphikisa noma ama-paredi.
  • Awugcini irekhodi. Uqinisekisa konke ku-62 izingxoxo eziqoshiwe zibekwa kamuva erekhodini. Umlando ongaphelele ungaqeda ukudlulisa idolo.

Usizo Nemithombo Enamandla

Ukwakha icala eliqinile akusho ukuthi kumelwe wenze yonke into wedwa.

  • Ummeli okhethekile emthethweni wokuphatha. Ngisho namahora ambalwa okuhlola angaveza izicupho ze-procedrow.
  • A umcwaningi ongokomthetho noma iparalegal ukuhlela amabhukwana nokuphawula iziphathimandla ezihlolayo.
  • [ ufakazi onguchwepheshe ukuze anikeze imibono ethembekile yobuchwepheshe noma yobuchwepheshe.

Kukhona nemithombo ekhululekile nephansi. Imitholampilo yezomthetho ivame ukusingatha izikhalo zokuqondisa abantu abahlawulwa kancane. Ama-bar amaningi anikeza izinkonzo ze-operal. Izinhlangano ze-Focl njenge- Coligial Security Administration of Geating Opents zinyathelisa iziqondiso zezinhlangano ezingamelelwanga.

Isiphetho

Ukwakha icala elinamandla lokulalela elivela emhlabathini lidinga ukulungiselela ngendlela ehlelekile, isu elicacile, nokuyiqonda kahle imithetho yenhlangano. Kusukela enkathini yokuqala yokucwaninga kuya ngemva kokuzwa ukunxenxa, isinyathelo ngasinye kumelwe sifezwe ngokunembe nangokubona kusengaphambili. Ngokuqoqa ubufakazi obuqand ’ ikhanda, ukusungula incazelo ethonyayo, nokuveza izimpikiswano zakho ngokuphumelelayo, ungawathuthukisa kakhulu amathuba akho emiphumela engcono. Amazwa abaphathi bamazwe anzima, kodwa futhi angamathuba okuba izinhlangano ziphendule futhi zivikele amalungelo akho. Ngokuya kulokhu okubekwa lapha, ungahlangabezana nenseleleko ngokuqiniseka.