Table of Contents

Isingeniso: Okwenza ukuba imininingwane yokubala idinge iphimbo lanoma ubani

Ukwaziswa okunembile kuwumsuka wokubusa kwentando yeningi. Kunquma ukuthi izigidi zezigidi zamadollar ezimali ezixhaswa uhulumeni zisakazwa kanjani ezikoleni, ezibhedlela, ezindleleni, nasezinkonzweni zomphakathi. Kulolonga ukumelelwa kwenhlangano futhi kwazise izinqumo zesimiso ezithinta zonke izici zokuphila komphakathi. Kodwa inselele ephikelelayo isongela ukuthembeka kwale mininingwane ebalulekile: amazinga aphansi ezingane ezingezona isiNgisi. E-United States kuphela, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-25 babhekwa njengezifundiswa isiNgisi (LEP), futhi abaningi bakhuluma olunye ulimi ngaphandle kwesiNgisi ekhaya. Uma lemiphakathi ingabalwa ngokugcwele, basengozini yokutholwa ngaphansi kwegunya lezombangazwe futhi bangabalwa ngaphansi kwempahla.

Imikhankaso yokufinyelela abantu ngolimi oluningi iye yavela njengesu eliqinisekisiwe lokuvala leligebe. Ngokunikeza izinto zokubalwa kwabantu, usizo, nokuthumela imiyalezo ngezilimi abantu abakhuluma ngazo, lemikhankaso ithuthukisa kakhulu ukuhlanganyela. Lemikhankaso yenza okungaphezu kokuhumusha ngo-(-/) iveza ukwethembana, inciphisa ukwesaba, futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamuzi zonke zinethuba elifanayo lokubaliwa. Lesi sihloko sihlola ngokugcwele izinzuzo, izinselele, nemikhuba engcono kakhulu yokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezidlulisa amasampula okubala futhi ziveze ukunemba okunemba okunemba okunembeka, ukunemba okungaguquguquki.

Ukuqonda Imikhankaso Yokungenela Ezilimini Ezihlukahlukene

Imikhankaso yokufinyelela abantu ngezilimi eziningi ihlangene ukuze kudluliselwe ukwaziswa okubhalwe ngezilimi eziningi ukuze kufinyelelwe imiphakathi yezilimi ezihlukahlukene. Ngokungafani nokuhunyushwa okulula kwendlela ethile, lemikhankaso ihlanganisa ukuthumelelana imiyalezo okungokwesiko, izibopho zomphakathi, nezindlela zokusakaza ezivumelanayo. Bayaqaphela ukuthi ulimi aluyona nje ithuluzi lokudlulisela ukwaziswa okunempucuko, ukwethemba, nokuhlangenwe nakho okuphilayo.

Izingxenye Eziyinhloko Zokufinyelelwa Kwamazwe Akhuluma Izilimi Eziningi

  • izinto ezibhaliwe:[ amafomu angokomthetho, iziqondisi ezifundisayo, ama-FAQ, kanye nokufakwa kokunyuselwa phambili okukhiqizwe ngezilimi ezisetshenziswayo.
  • [ Izisebenzi ezijikelezayo kanye nezikhonkwane ezishisayo: [izibalo ezicushwayo, usizo locingo, kanye nokusekela okukhona ngezilimi eziningi.
  • I-metal ehlelwe ngokwesiko: I-okuqukethwe okubonisa izindinganiso, izinkathazo, nendlela yokuxhumana yemiphakathi ethile. Ngokwesibonelo, izinto zeSpanishi zolimi lwemikhaya yaseMexico-Melika zingagcizelela ubunye bomkhaya, kuyilapho ukufinyelela kwe-Korea-American kungagxila ekufihleni ulwazi.
  • Ubungani obuhlangene: Ukuhlobana nezindawo zokukhipha imithombo yezindaba yohlanga, izinhlangano ezisekelwe kukholo, izikhungo zomphakathi, nabaholi abathenjwayo ukuze bakhulise imilayezo.
  • Isakazo lamaMultchannel: Ukusetshenziswa komsakazo, ithelevishini, imithombo yezokuxhumana, imicimbi yomphakathi, ukulayishwa kwendlu ukuya endlini, namaphephandaba endawo ukuze kufinyelelwe abantu lapho bekhona.

Isidingo Esikhulayo Sokukwazi Ulimi

Inguquko ye-Demographic emhlabeni wonke yenza ukuphuma kwemizwa eminingi hhayi nje ukuthatha impumelelo kodwa isidingo. E-United States, 20 Creensues yabonisa ukuthi imikhaya eyayikhuluma iSpanishi kuphela yayinezinga eliphansi lokuzihlela ngokwayo kunemikhaya yamaNgisi kuphela. Ngokufanayo, imikhaya ekhuluma ulimi lwase-Asia (ngokuhlukene), labo abakhuluma isiShayina, isiVietnam, nesiKorea [1] futhi bayaqhubeka benophawu olungemva. Lemibalulo iyaqhubeka ngisho nalapho ilawula iholo nemfundo, isikisela ukuthi imingcele yolimi iyisithiyo ezimele ukuze ihlanganyele ekubaleni abantu.

Amazwe anamazinga aphakeme okufuduka − njengeCanada, i-Australia, i-United Kingdom, nezizwe eziningi zaseYurophu . Ukuphendula kuveza ukuthi izinhlangano ezibala abantu ziye zasebenzisa amasu okuthola ulimi, kodwa izinga nokuphumelela kwazo kuhluka kakhulu. Imikhankaso ephumelelayo ifeza okungaphezu kokuvumelana nokugunyazwa okungokomthetho; ihlanganyela ngenkuthalo emiphakathini futhi isuse imingcele yokuhlanganyela.

Izinzuzo Zemikhankaso Yokusabela Kwabantu Ngezigaba Ezihlukahlukene

Izinzuzo zokutshala imali ekufinyeleleni inani labantu abakhuluma izilimi eziningi zidlulela ngalé kokuthi inani ngalinye liyofinyelela ezingeni eliphansi.

Ukwanda Okuqondile Ngezinga Lokusabela

Inzuzo esheshayo kakhulu amazinga okuziphendulela aphakeme phakathi kwemiphakathi ehloselwe. I- U.S. Bureau yabika ukuthi imikhaya eyathola izimemo namaphephandaba okubuza ngezindlela ezimbili ngo-Spanishi cishe yayingase iphendule nge-intanethi [. Ku-2020 Censureation, i-Bureau yanikeza iziphetho zemibuzo kanye nokukhetha kolayini ngezilimi eziyi-12, kanye neziqondisi zamavidiyo ngezilimi ezingu- 59. Lokhu kutshala inzuzo: izilinganiso zomuntu siqu siqu zihlala ziqinile naphezu kobhadayo, futhi imiphakathi yezindawo eziqinile yabonisa inzuzo enengqondo.

Ngokwesibonelo, ezindaweni ezigcwele izikhulumi zaseSpain lapho kwavela khona ukufinyelela okukhulu kwezikhulumi zezilimi eziningi, − kuhlanganisa ukubambisana neziteshi zomsakazo nezinhlangano zomphakathi zendawo − amazinga okuhamba kwezindawo ezingama-5-10 kwakungamanothi aphakeme kunalawo afanayo ngaphandle kokuphuma. Ezilimini ezinjenge-Arabic, Tagalog, neVietnam, ukukhangisa ngemishini kanye nokushisa ngolimi lwezingcingo kwandisa kakhulu kokubili iposi nentshumayelo ye-Internet.

Ukwakha Ukuthembana Komphakathi Nokunciphisa Ukwesaba

Imiphakathi eminingi yabafuduki ne-LEP igcwele ukwesaba okukhulu ngokuqoqwa kokwaziswa kukahulumeni. I-Mishproduction, okuhlangenwe nakho kwesikhathi esidlule nezokuxhumana neziphathimandla kanye nokukhathazeka ngokuhlanganyela nokugcinwa kwezokufuduka kungavimbela ukuthatha uhlangothi. Imikhankaso eminingi yokuthutha inganqoba lokhu kwesaba ngokusebenzisa izithunywa ezithembekile ((ukuhlanganisa, abefundisi, abantu bezinhlanga) ukunikeza imiyalezo ecacile, engaguquguquki ngemfihlo nezinzuzo zokubalwa.

Uma izinto zihanjiswa ngolimi lomuntu lomdabu, umyalezo udinga ukuthenjwa kakhulu. Isenzo nje sokunikeza izimpawu zokuhumusha ezilinganayo sihlonishwa futhi sifakwe. Imikhankaso ekhuluma ngezindaba ezithile ezingokwesiko . njengokugcizelela ukuthi ukwaziswa kokubala abantu akuhlangani nezinhlangano ezithuthayo, nokuthi ukusabela kuvikelwa umthetho qha kunciphisa ukukhathazeka. Ukuthemba, lapho kwakhiwe, kuguqula ngokuqondile kube iziphetho eziphakeme futhi kube ukuhlanganiswa isikhathi eside nezinkonzo zikahulumeni.

3. Imfanelo Yokwaziswa Okungcono Nokumelela

Amazinga aphansi okusabela phakathi kolimi oluncane adala igebe elihleliwe ekwazini ukubala abantu. La magebhu aholela ekubaleni, okuphazamisa yonke into kusukela kubantu bombuso kuya ekuhlolweni kwesidingo sendawo. Ukuthatha izigaba eziningi kunciphisa ubandlululo olungenayo ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi kuhlanganiswe isigaba somphakathi esimelela abantu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwaziswa okuqondile kuvumela ukuba kunikwe imali eqondile. Ngokwesibonelo, uma inani labantu baseVietnam abakhuluma isiVietnam lincipha, lingase lingatholi imali eyanele yokusekela izinhlelo ze-ESL, imithola-mpilo esiza lowo mphakathi, noma ukutholakala kolimi ezinkonzweni zomphakathi. Ngokuthuthukisa ukuphelela kwalokhu kubalwa kwabantu, imikhankaso yezilimi eziningi isiza izinhlangano zikahulumeni ukuba ziqondise izinhlelo lapho zidingeka kakhulu khona.

4. Ukunciphisa Umehluko Ekumeleni Nasemithonjeni

Ukuncishiswa kwemisebe yolimi oluncane kukhuthaza ukungalingani. Uma izikhulumi ezimbalwa ezingayi siNgisi zisabela ekubaleni abantu, imiphakathi yazo ithola imali enciphileyo kahulumeni kumuntu ngamunye futhi ingalahlekelwa i-methoba yezombangazwe ngokufaka i-rediging. Ukufinyelela kolimi oluningi kunikeza izinkulumo ezihlukene ngokunciphisa indawo yokudlala.

I-2020 Census ekusekeleni kwe-Cunisus ngolimi inciphise “ukunciphisana kwenani lempendulo phakathi kwemikhaya yesiNgisi nengayiyo isiNgisi kuphela ngamaphuzu amaningana angamaphesenti uma kuqhathaniswa no-2010,” ngokwe-Purtew Research Center[. Nakuba kusele i-panetic , ukuthambekela kucacile: ukufinyelela kolimi okuhloselweyo.

Ukuhlanganyela Kwesikhathi Eside

Uma abantu abavela emiphakathini ekhuluma ulimi oluncane behlanganyela ekubaleni abantu futhi bebona izinzuzo ezingokoqobo `amapaki amasha, izikole ezingcono, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okuthuthukisiweyo/ukukhuliswa kwezempilo----* basengozini enkulu yokuhlanganyela ezinqubeni zomphakathi ezizayo. Ngokuqhubekayo bafinyelela izakhi zokuthembana ezihlanganisa ukuvota, ukuhlela umphakathi, nokuhlanganyela kwezinye iziphetho zikahulumeni. Kuguqula isenzakalo esisodwa sesikhathi sibe isisekelo sokungena okuqhubekayo.

Izinselele Ekufezeni Imikhankaso Yolimi Oluningi

Naphezu kwezinzuzo ezicacile, ukuklama nokukhipha izinqubo eziphumelelayo zokuxhumana ngezilimi eziningi kunezithiyo.

Izindleko Nemithombo Yezinto Eshisiwe

Izinkonzo zokuhumusha nezichaza zibiza kakhulu. Ukukhangisa izinto ngezilimi eziningi, ukuqasha izisebenzi ezikhuluma izilimi ezimbili, nokukhangisa ezimakethe eziningi kudinga izindleko ezinkulu. Omasipala abancane noma amazwe anezinombolo ezilinganiselwe zingaba nzima ukuhlela ukuba abantu bakwazi ukufinyelela ulimi oluningi. Nokho, izindleko zokuthola imali engatheni. Imali elahlekile, imininingwane elahlekile, izinselele ezingokomthetho zingaphezulu kakhulu kwemali esetshenziselwe.

Ukuthuthukisa Imfanelo Yokuhumusha Nokuthuthukisa Umkhuba

Inguqulo engokoqobo ayanele. Imiyalezo kumele ivumelaniswe ngokwesiko ukuze izwakale emphakathini ngamunye. Ngokwesibonelo, umqondo “wokubuyisela isimo” kungenzeka awujwayelekile noma awuthenjwa emasikweni lapho izimiso zangemva kwe-opera zingathembekile. Ngokufanayo, izithombe ezidayisa izinto zokukhangisa kumelwe zibonise ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlanga nokuphila kwansuku zonke kwezilaleli ezihlosiwe. Ukuhumusha okungakhinyabezeki kungabangela ukudideka noma ngisho nokukhubeka, ukulimaza ukwethembana kunokuba kwakhe.

Ukufinyelela Abantu Abahlala Bodwa Nabangabalelwa Kanzima

Amanye amaqembu ezilimi amancane, asakazekile, noma anamanani aphansi okufunda ngisho nasezilimini zawo zomdabu. Ukufinyelela kulamaqembu kungadinga ukuhambelana ngeminyango, izenzakalo zomphakathi, noma ukusebenzelana nemithombo yezindaba yohlanga olusiza ama-diaspora. Umqedazwe we-COVOVAD-19 uqhubekeka ngokuyinkimbinkimbi, uphoqelela imikhankaso eminingi yokuhamba kuyi-intanethi ye-inthanel.

Izithiyo Zezombangazwe Nezemithetho

Kwamanye amazwe, kukhona ukuphikisa kwezombangazwe ngezinto ezikhuluma ngezilimi eziningi, okusekelwe ekwesabeni ukuhlukana kwesizwe noma ukukhuthaza ukufuduka. Izinqubo ezingokomthetho zingalinganisela inani lezilimi ezingokomthetho eziqashelwayo. IMikhankaso kumelwe ilawule lemizwa kuyilapho isafeza umgomo wokuhlanganyela.

Izinqubo Zokufinyelela Izinombolo Eziningi Eziphumelelayo

Sisebenzisa izifundo ezitholakala eZifundweni Zamazwe Ahlukahlukene Zase - United States Ezingu - 2020 Nezibonelo Zamazwe Ngamazwe, singabona amasu ayinhloko andisa ithonya.

Phawula Izilimi Eziyinhloko Nemiphakathi

Azikho izilimi ezingasetshenziswa ngendlela efanayo. Sebenzisa ukwaziswa okuphathelene nabantu, ukuhlola komphakathi, futhi ngaphambili kuqoqwe ukuze ubeke izilimi ezikhulunywa amaqembu amakhulu noma angasetshenziswa kakhulu.

Izinto Eziwusizo Ezingokwesiko — Hhayi Izinguqulo Nje

Umsebenzi nezikhulumi zomdabu, ochwepheshe bezempucuko, nabameleli bomphakathi ukuze babukeze izinto. Zivumelanise nezibonelo, imifanekiso, kanye nezihlokwana ukuze ubonise umongo womphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, umkhankaso wemikhaya ekhuluma isiSomali ungahlanganisa izigijimi zomsindo ngenxa yamazinga aphansi okufunda. Izinto zokuhlola amaqembu abhekiselwe phambili ngaphambi kokwabiwa kwesilinganiso esikhulu.

Umngane Nezinhlangano Zomphakathi Nezikhulu Ezithenjwayo

Amasonto, amathempeli, izikhungo zomphakathi, izitolo zobuhlanga, kanye nezinhlanganisela zempucuko zisebenza kahle. Kakade sebenethenjelwa futhi banakwa yizilaleli ezikhonjiwe. Banikeze amathuluzi, imibhalo yezibalo, nokuqeqeshelwa ukuba babe amanxusa ababalwayo. U.S.S. i-Censureault’s Complete Count Makomitie ngokuphumelela ukuhlanganisa izinkulungwane zezinhlangano zendawo ngalendlela.

Sebenzisa Indlela Yesiteshi Esiningi

I-Facebook ne-Whatspice amaqembu aphumelela ukufinyelela abafuduki abasebasha, abathathi-maya abangobuchwepheshe. Ngezilimi zobuchwepheshe, ama-panel a-1 84-467-20 ngezilimi eziningi) anikeza ukuphila okubalulekile kulabo abadinga usizo oluphilayo.

Izembe Ngamathuluzi Olimi Lwezinombolo

Amafomu olwembulwa-ilayini kufanele atholakale ngezilimi eziningi ngokubhuduza ngolimi olulula. Sebenzisa amapulatifomu okuhumusha agcina ukulondeka kokwaziswa. Cabangela ama-al-a amandla-aI yemibuzo eyisisekelo, kodwa qinisekisa ukuthi abatoliki abangabantu bakhona ukuze bakhathazeke kakhulu. Iwebhusayithi yokubala abantu kufanele ilandele izindinganiso zokuthola ulwazi lwewebhu ukuze ikwazi ukuhlalisa abasebenzisi abakhubazekile ngolimi ngalunye.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo: Impumelelo Yangempela Yomhlaba

Ubalo lwama-2020 e-U.S.(A Factal of Language Access)

I-Census Bureau yase-U.S. yamisa indinganiso entsha ngomkhankaso wayo ka-2020. Yanikeza i-naijaridi yemibuzo nge-inthanethi ngezilimi ezingu-12 (ngesiNgisi, isiShayina, isiVietnamese, isi-Korea, isiRashiya, isiTagalog, isiPolish, isiTagalog, isiPolish, isiCreole sase-Haiti, nesiPutukezi), futhi yanikeza iziyalezo zevidiyo ngezilimi ezingu- 59. Ngonyakazonyakazo, i-TV, kanye nezikhangiso zezezimini zobuchwepheshe zafinyelela izigidi. Insimu yase-Biling yayizimboni zalandela izigebengu eziyizinhlanu ezingekho ezinhlani. Umphumela: Naphezu kwesifo nemisebenzi enziwayo, i-unyaka ka-2010 kuphela, uma kuqhathaniswa nezindawo ze-R.

Ukwanda Kwamazwe AseCanada Ngo - 2021

Izibalo zeCanada zakhiqiza izinto ngezilimi ezingu-28, kuhlanganise nezilimi eziningana zomdabu njengo-Inuktitut no-Cree. Bahlanganyela nezinhlangano zesizwe futhi basungula indlela ekhethekile yokuthumela izincwadi ehloniphekile engokwesiko ehlonishwayo ulwazi olungokwesiko. Izinga lokusabela lonke lalingu-98%, futhi imiphakathi emincane yabonisa izinga eliphakeme lokuhlanganyela.

2021 Census YaseAustralia Kuqala — IDigital Ngokusekela Ulimi

I-Australia yanikeza ifomu lokubala abantu ngezilimi ezingu - 31 kuyi-inthanethi, kanye nephepha lesiNgisi kuphela ngencwajana ethi “isiza ngolimi”. I-Australian Bureau of Statistics yenza imikhankaso yokusakaza i-TV ne-radio yezizwe. Nakuba kwakunezimpikiswano mayelana nemfihlo yemininingwane, isikhungo sokuthola ukwaziswa sanconywa ngokuthi sikwazi ukuhlanganyela kubantu abasanda kufika nababaleki.

Ukulinganisa Umphumela Wemikhankaso Yolimi Oluningi

Ukuze zithethelele ukutshala imali okuqhubekayo, izinhlangano ezibala abantu kumelwe zinqume ukuthi ingakanani isilinganiso:

  • [[Inani:0] Izinga lokuziphakamisa ngolimi: qhathanisa amazinga emikhaya ethola izinto zokwakha ngolimi lwayo. Aleyo engayitholanga.
  • Usizo-usizo olufunayo ukuziphatha: Ukusetshenziswa ngomkhondo kwemigqa eshisayo, ukuhambelana kwe-webhusayithi yengxoxo, nokuxhumana.
  • Ushintsho emazingeni okuthembana: Ukuziphatha kwangaphambi nangemva kwe-campaign ukuhlola ukuqiniseka ekufihleni imfihlo.
  • ukunemba kwekhofi: Sebenzisa ukuhlola kwangemva kokulinganisa ukulinganisela ukulinganiselwa phakathi kolimi oluncane.
  • Imiphumela: izindleko ngokwempendulo eqediwe ohlwini lolimi ngalunye. isilinganiso sezindleko.

Imininingwane etholakala kulezi zilinganiso ingaqondisa izimali ezizosetshenziswa lapho kuzobalwa abantu esikhathini esizayo futhi yazise izinqubo zokufinyelela ulimi olubanzi kuhulumeni.

Indima Yobuchwepheshe Ekuthuthukeni Kwezilimi Ezihlukahlukene

Ubuchwepheshe buye baguqula lokho okungenzeka emikhankasweni yokubalwa kwabantu ngezilimi eziningi. Ukuhunyushwa kwamagesi, nakuba kungaphelele, kungasetshenziselwa ukudwetshwa okunzima nokuqukethwe okuyisisekelo. Ukuhunyushwa kwabantu ngobuchwepheshe kusebalulekile ezindleleni ezingokomthetho nasendleleni yokuthumela imiyalezo egxekayo. Ama-ingxoxo-ai anamandla a-I angasingatha imibuzo ebuzwa kaningi ngezilimi, akhulule abantu ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Amapulatifomu awe-ad angavumela ukufakwa ngokushesha kwezwe, ulimi, nesithakazelo ukuba kusebenzele izifunda zesiShayina ezikhuluma kuphela edolobheni elithile.

Nokho, ubuchwepheshe abuyona i-panace. Ukwehlukana kwe-metashi kusho ukuthi eminye imiphakathi isadinga amafomu ephepha nosizo lwayo. Imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe idinga ukukhathazeka mayelana nemfihlo ("kakhulukazi uma usebenzisa amaplatifomu esithathu) okumelwe kuqondiswe ngezimiso ezicacile nangezimiso ezilondekile. Indlela engcono kakhulu ihlanganisa amathuluzi aphezulu awesibhamu kanye nokuthembisana kwabantu okufinyelelwe phezulu.

Isiphetho: Ukubala Wonke Umuntu, Ngazo Zonke Izilimi

Ubufakazi buqabula: Imikhankaso yokufinyelela abantu ngezilimi eziningi ibalulekile ekufinyeleleni izikhawu eziphezulu zenani labantu abakhuluma isiNgisi. Iyanda ukuthatha isinyathelo, yandisa ukwethembana, ithuthukisa izinga lokwaziswa, futhi inciphisa isilinganiso sokungalingani kwezimiso. Nakuba kunezinselele .(imali, ubunkimbinkimbi bempucuko, ukumelana nezombangazwe − izindleko zokungathathi hlangothi zikhulu kakhulu. Ukubalwa kwabantu okunganembile kululaza izisekelo zombuso wentando yeningi.

Njengoba imiphakathi ihlukahluka ngolimi, izinhlangano ezibala abantu kumelwe zijulise isibopho sazo sokuthola ulimi. Lokhu kusho ukutshala imali ekuhumusheni ulimi olukhokhelwayo, ukuhlanganisa umphakathi, ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswayo, futhi ithonya eliqhubekayo. Wonke umuntu kufanele abonwe, azwe, futhi abalwe (nezilimi eziningi) kuyindlela esenza ngayo leso sithembiso sibe yiqiniso.