Inhlangano Ekhulayo Efuna Ukufunda Ngaphandle Kwasekhaya

Kulo lonke izwe, izikole zendawo zicabanga ngekilasi elivamile ngokuklama nokusebenzisa izindawo zokufunda ngaphandle. Lezimo ezisukela kumabhentshi avamile asengadini kuya emagcekeni agcwele imidlalo ephakeme — zinikeza enye indlela enamandla yokufundisa ngaphakathi. Ukushintshwa akuyona nje i-asthetic; ukucwaninga okuqhubekayo kubonisa ukuthi imfundo yangaphandle ithuthukisa imiphumela yezemfundo, ukuthuthukisa kahle kwabafundi, nokubambisana komphakathi. Njengoba abafundisi nabaphathi abaningi beqaphela lezinzuzo, izindawo zokufunda ngaphandle ziye zaba isiqalo esiphambili sezifunda ezihloselwe ukunikeza imfundo ehlelekile.

Imfundo yangaphandle ayiyona into entsha — amakhulu eminyaka efilosofi yemfundo, kusukela kuRousseau kuya kuMontessori, aye agcizelela ukubaluleka kwemvelo ekukhuleni kwezingane. Kodwa eshumini leminyaka elidlule kuphela izimiso zesikole eziqale ukutshala ngokuhlelekile emakilasini angaphandle anikezelwe. Lesi sihloko sihlola izinzuzo eziningi zalezindawo, ukucatshangelwa okuwusizo kokusetshenziswa, kanye nethonya lesikhathi eside kubafundi, othisha, kanye nomphakathi obanzi.

Ukukhuthaza Abafundi Ukuba Nesikhathi Sokuhlanganyela Nemisebenzi Yokuziphilisa

Enye yezimpikiswano ezishukumisa kakhulu ezingeni lokufunda ngaphandle yimiphumela yazo ekuthembiseni abafundi. Uma izifundo ziphumela ngaphandle, ukushintsha kwezindawo kuphela kungavuselela ilukuluku lokufuna ukwazi. Ukuhlola okuvela emthonjeni wokucwaninga [[FLT: 0] Edutopia [ kubonisa ukuthi abafundi abangaphandle baveza izinga eliphakeme lokunaka nokuhlanganyela uma kuqhathaniswa nemisebenzi engokwesiko yasezindlini. Izandla zikhona — njengokulinganisa ukukhula kwezitshalo, ukuhlola izinga lamanzi emanzini echibini eliseduze, noma ukudweba izitshalo zendawo — baguqula imiqondo engabonakali ibe yizinto ezibonakalayo.

Lokhu kuthembisana kuhlanganisa ngokuqondile nokuthuthukisa ikhono lemfundo. I-meta-analysis ekhishwe kuyi- Journal of Environmental Education [ yathola ukuthi abafundi abahlanganyela ekufundeni njalo ngaphandle bethola izibalo ezingcono kakhulu ezivamile ezihlolweni zesayensi, izibalo, nobuciko bolimi. Indawo engokwemvelo inikeza umongo ocebile wemfundo ephakathi kwemfundo: isifundo esisodwa sobuhlakani besayensi, ukuma kwezwe, ukubhala, ngisho nobuciko. Ngokwesibonelo, isifundo ngemithunzi yemvula singahlanganisa abafundi abakwazi ukwakha izinsimbi ezilula zezulu, ulwazi, nokubhala nokubhala.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufunda ngaphandle kusekela imfundo ehlukanisayo. Abafundi be-Kinesthetic bayakwazi ukunyakazisa nokulawula izinto ezingokoqobo. Abafundi ababonayo bazuza ekwandeni kwemibala, imibala, nezindlela ezitholakala ngaphandle. Ngisho nabafundi abazwayo bathola ukubaluleka kokulalela izingcingo zezinyoni, imiklamo yomoya, noma imisindo yomfudlana. Ngokuthuthukisa izindlela eziningi zokufunda ngesikhathi esisodwa, izikhala zangaphandle zisiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi akukho mfundi osele emuva.

Indima Yokungajabuli Ekuzindleni

Ukucwaninga kwe-neurosynicie kusikisela ukuthi indawo entsha ezungezile ithuthukisa ukuqina kwenkumbulo. Uma abafundi bethola okuthile okusha — njengesifundo ngaphansi kompheme wezihlahla — ubuchopho babo bukhipha i-dopamine, ethuthukisa ukubhekisa phambili nokuxhumana. Lokhu, ngezinye izikhathi okubizwa ngokuthi “umphumela we-novelty,” kusho ukuthi izikhathi zokufunda ngaphandle zikhumbuleka kakhulu kunokuzijwayeza ezifundweni zasendlini. Izikole ezihlela izifundo zamasonto onke zangaphandle zibika ukuthi abafundi bakhumbula ngokunembe ngokwengeziwe futhi bangazisebenzisa kamuva.

Ukuthuthukisa Impilo Engokomzimba Nengokwengqondo

Inzuzo yezempilo yokufunda ngaphandle ifakazelwa kahle. Ukuchayeka kakhulu ekukhanyeni okungokwemvelo kusiza ekulawuleni izigqi zokulala, kuthuthukise izinga lokulala nokuqapha emini. Ukuvivinya umzimba — kungaba ukuhamba ngebanga lokuya ekilasini ngaphandle, ukunwebeka, noma ukusebenza ngezandla — kusiza ekunyakazeni okutuswayo kwansuku zonke. Abathathi-mende bezifo zokulawula nokuvimbela izifo [[ kugcizelela ukuthi izingane zidinga okungenani imizuzu engu-60 yomsebenzi oqinile usuku ngalunye; ukufunda ngaphandle komkhumbi kungasiza ekuhlangabezaneni nalowo mgomo ngaphandle kokufuna ikhefu noma isikhathi esengeziwe.

Izinzuzo zempilo yengqondo zibaluleke ngokufanayo. Isikhathi esingokwemvelo sinciphisa amazinga ecortisol, ihlise ukukhathazeka, futhi sithuthukise isimo. Ukuhlolwa kwango-2019 kuyi-International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health kwathola ukuthi abafundi abahlanganyela ezifundweni zangaphandle babika amanani aphansi okucindezeleka uma kuqhathaniswa nontanga abasesimweni sakudala. Izikole zilwa namanani anyukayo okukhathazeka kwabafundi nokucindezeleka, izithuba zokufunda ngaphandle zinikeza ukungenela okubiza izindleko, okungezona ezelaphayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imvelo yenza kube nomoya ongcono. Amakilasi angaphakathi agcina isikhutha, uthuli, nezakhi ezihwamukayo, okungabangela ukozela nezinhlungu zekhanda. Izindawo zangaphakathi zikhipha umoya ohlanzekile, othuthukisa ukusebenza kokuqonda. Ezinye izikole ziye zashintsha ngisho nezindawo zokufundela ngaphandle ukuze zihlanganise izikhungo zomthunzi, iziteshi ezinezinkungu, kanye nezihlalo ezivikelekile zezulu ukuze ziqinisekise ukunethezeka kwezindawo ezinesimo sezulu esihlukile.

Ukubhekana Nokuphazamiseka Kwemvelo

Umlobi uRichard Louv wasungula igama elithi “ukungalingani kwe-nafecit disease” ukuchaza ukuhlukana okukhulayo phakathi kwezingane nemvelo. Lokhu kuhlobene namazinga akhuphukayo okukhuluphala, ukunaka, nokucindezeleka. Izindawo zokufunda zangaphandle ziphikisana ngokuqondile nalokhu kuthambekela ngokunyakazisa imvelo esikoleni. Ngisho nezikole zasemadolobheni ezinendawo eluhlaza elinganiselwe zingakha izingadi zophahla, amakilasi asegceke, noma amagumbi angaphandle aphathekayo aphumela ngaphandle e-indawo yokudlala.

Ukuqaphela Indawo Ezungezile Nobuphathi

Izindawo zokufunda ngaphandle zingamathuluzi anamandla okufundisa indawo ezungezile. Uma abafundi besebenzelana nezimiso zendawo ezungezile — ukutshala imithi, ukugcina ingadi yemifino, noma ukwakha amahhotela ezinambuzane — baqala ukuhlobana nendalo. Lokhu kuhlobana kubangela umuzwa womthwalo wemfanelo odlulela ngalé kwenkundla yesikole. Ukucwaninga kwe-National Wildlife Federation [ kubonisa ukuthi izingane ezihlanganyela ekufundeni ngaphandle zingenza imicimbi yokuziphatha engokwemvelo njengabantu abadala, njengabokuvuselela, ukuvuselela amanzi, ukuwalondoloza nokusekela imithetho yokulondoloza.

Izifundo zendawo ezungezile zifundisa namakhono asebenzayo. Abafundi bafunda ngokuhlelwa komhlabathi, imijikelezo yamanzi, ukuthutha impova, nezimiso zokudla. Ingadi yesikole ingasebenza njengendawo yokuhlola ukuphila lapho abafundi betshala khona, benakekela, bevuna, bevuna imifino. Bese befunda inani lokudla, ukubala, ngisho nokuthengisa imikhiqizo yabo. Imisebenzi enjalo ihlanganisa isayensi, izibalo, izomnotho, nemfundo yezempilo eqoqweni elilodwa.

Ngaphandle kolwazi lomuntu ngamunye, izindawo zokufunda ngaphandle zisiza kakhulu ekuzuzeni kwendawo ezungezile. Izindawo zesikole ezihlanganisa izitshalo zomdabu, izingadi zemvula, nendawo yokuthutha impova zisekela izinhlobonhlobo zezinto zendawo. Zinikeza amaphasishi ezinyoni, izimvemvane, nezinambuzane eziwusizo. Ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, lezi zindawo zinganciphisa iziqhingi ezishisayo futhi zithuthukise ukulawulwa kwamanzi esiphepho. Izikole ziba abaholi bomphakathi abakwazi ukusekela, ukulingisa imikhuba ekhokhwanywa izakhamuzi ekhaya.

Izibonelo Ezishintshayo

  • I-Science:[ Abafundi bahlukanisa izinhlobo zezihlahla, baqaphele isimo sezulu, noma bahlole i-pH yenhlabathi.
  • [[UMTL:0] I-Math: ukukhula kwezitshalo ezilinganisayo, ukubala indawo engadini, noma ukuhlela iziyingi zelanga.
  • Ulimi olusho ulimi: umagazini wendalo, izinkondlo ezishukunyiswa izinkathi zonyaka, noma ukubhala imibhalo eyimfihlo yokunakekela ingadi.
  • [ Izifundo zobukhoma: Ukuhlola indlela yendawo yokulima, izindlela zomlando, noma izimiso zokudla zendawo.
  • Ingcweti: Izwe elinamagebhugebhu, ukwenza izithombe ngemiklamo engokwemvelo, noma ukuthatha izithombe zezinguquko zonyaka.

Ukwakha Umphakathi Nokukhangisana

Ngokungafani nezindawo zokufunda ezingaphandle kukhuthaza ukubambisana. Ngokungafani nezinhlu zamadeski, ikilasi elingaphandle livame ukusebenzisa izihlalo ezithambileyo — izingodo, iziqu, amabhentshi, noma amatafula epikiniki — ezivumela abafundi ukuba basebenze ngamaqembu. Abafundisi bavame ukwenza imisebenzi yokubambisana, njengokwakha umbhoshongo, ukudweba ibalazwe lesikole, noma ukuphatha izinhlobonhlobo zezinto. Lemisebenzi idinga ukuxhumana, ukuxoxa, futhi ukwenza izinqumo, konke okwenza ukuba kube khona amakhono omphakathi.

Izinzuzo zidlulela nangaphandle kwabafundi. Abazali, amabhizinisi, nezinhlangano zomphakathi ngokuvamile bahlanganyela ekudaleni nasekulungiseni izindawo ezingaphandle. Isikole esingase sihlangane nesikhungo sendawo sokunakekela izitshalo ukuze sinikele ngezitshalo, noma inkampani elungisayo iklame izindlela. Imisebenzi yokuzithandela ihlanganisa imikhaya, iqinisa isibopho sesikole. Ezifundeni eziningi, izifunda zemfundo ngaphandle ziye zaba indawo yezenzakalo zomphakathi, njengezindawo zokuthengisa abalimi, imibukiso, noma ubusuku besayensi yomkhaya.

Othisha futhi bayazuza ekufundiseni ngaphandle. Ukufundisa kokufundisa kuba lula uma indawo ivalekile; amakilasi amabili angahlanganyela indawo engaphandle yemisebenzi ehlangeneyo. Imfundo ekhethekile nothisha abavamile babika ukuthi izinhlelo zangaphandle zezokusebenza komphakathi zinciphisa izinselele zokuziphatha futhi zikhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa. Abafundi abane-autism, i-ADHD, noma ukukhubazeka komzimba ngokuvamile bazizwa bekhululekile futhi bebodwa ngaphandle, lapho izinto zokuzwa zihlukene kodwa zingakhungatheki.

Ukutadisha Indaba: Isikole Sama - Subster

ELincoln Elementary School, ushintsho lwaqala ngokulala egadini elilodwa. Phakathi neminyaka emibili, indawo yokufundela ngaphandle yanda yahlanganisa indawo enezindonga ezimhlophe, ingadi yemvula, indawo yovemvane, nendawo encane efudumezayo. Othisha manje bafunda okungenani isifundo esisodwa ngesonto. Ngokusho kukathisha omkhulu, ama-aretary albatriral ehla nge-40% ngonyaka wokuqala, futhi umzali okuzithandela wakhuphuka ngamahora angu-300%. Izwe lisebenza njengengadi yomphakathi phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo, linikeza imikhiqizo emisha emabhange okudla.

Ukunakekela Nezinselele Ezingokoqobo

Naphezu kwezinzuzo ezisobala, ukuze kusetshenziswe izindawo zokufunda ngaphandle kudingeka ukuba kuhlelwe ngokucophelela. izikole kumelwe zibhekane nezinselele eziningana eziyinhloko ukuze ziqiniseke ukuthi ziphumelela futhi ziyakwazi ukusekelana.

Isimo Sezulu Nesimo Sezulu

Isimo sezulu esixegayo siyisithiyo esivame kakhulu. Imvula, ukushisa okukhulu, amakhaza, noma umoya ungabangela ukufundiswa ngaphandle kungabi ngcono noma kungalondeka. Amakhambi ahlanganisa ukufaka amaseyili omthunzi, amaseyili ambozwe isakhiwo, ukuphehla umoya, nokukhetha indawo yokuhlala eshisayo. Izikole ezisendaweni yemvula ngokuvamile zihlomisela amakilasi angaphandle ngemigqomo egciniwe evimbela amanzi kanye nezikhuseli ezilungisiweyo. Othisha bangalungiselela “usuku oluphansi” izifundo ezihilela isayensi noma ukubuka amafu, ukuguqula isimo sezulu sibe ithuba lokufunda.

Ukuphepha Nethelevishini Ephakeme

Izindawo zangaphandle kumelwe ziklanywe zilondekile engqondweni. Ukuvikela, iziphephelo eziqinile, izibani ezikhanyayo, nendawo ephephile kubalulekile kubafundi abaqondisayo. Izikole kufanele zithathe izilinganiso eziyingozi njalo — ukuhlola izingozi eziyingozi, izinto ezibukhali, noma izitshalo ezinobuthi. Imithetho elandelwayo ephuthumayo, njengokuhlela isimo sezulu okubi, kufanele ibekwe egumbini lokufundela ukuphatha ingozi ngaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, othisha kumelwe baqeqeshelwe ukuqondisa izingozi zezwe kanye nosizo lokuqala.

Izakhiwo Nezimali

Izindawo zokufunda ngaphandle zidinga ukutshala izimali zokuqala. Izindleko ziyahlukahluka kakhulu: indawo elula yokuhlala yezingodo ingabiza amakhulu ambalwa amadola, kuyilapho inkundla yemidlalo ehlonyiswe ngokugcwele enogesi neWi-Fi ingangena emashumini ezinkulungwane. Izikole ngokuvamile zifuna iminikelo ezinhlanganweni ezifana ne Cow Schools National Network [, izisekelo zendawo, noma izikhungo zenkampani. Imikhankampani egcwele kanye nenhlangano yomfundisi inganezela futhi imali. Inkokhelo eqhubekayo — Iyavuselela, i-mulch, isakhiwo sokulungisa — kumelwe kuhlelwe imali minyaka yonke.

Ukuqeqesha Abafundi Nokuhlela

Othisha badinga intuthuko yobuchwepheshe ukuze basebenzise izindawo ezingaphandle ngokuphumelelayo. Othisha abaningi bazizwa bengakulungele ukuphatha ikilasi ngaphandle noma ukuhlanganisa imisebenzi ngaphandle nezindinganiso. Izikole zingakunikeza lokhu ngokunikeza amashabhu, ukunikeza amafaksi afundisayo, nokuhlanganisa othisha abanolwazi oluphambili nabafundisi bangaphandle. Ezinye izifunda ziqasha abaqondisi bezifundo ngaphandle ukuze basekele ukuhlanganiswa kwezifundo nezimiso. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukufundisa ngaphandle kuba yingxenye yenqubo engokwemvelo yethuluzi le-pagagogi.

Ukucabangela Okungalingani

Azikho zonke izikole ezikwazi ukufinyelela endaweni eluhlaza. Izikole zasedolobheni ezisendaweni eyakhiwe kakhulu zingakuthola indawo efanelekile. Ukukhetha okungathathwa — njengokuhamba kwamakalishi anamasondo ngezinto zemvelo, izinqola ze-pop-cape, kanye nendawo yokuhlala ehlelwa ngesandla — kungaletha ulwazi olufanayo ngaphandle ezinkundleni zemidlalo. Izikole zingasizana futhi namapaki endawo, izikhungo zemvelo, noma izingadi zezitshalo ukuze zisebenzise amakilasi angaphandle. Ukuhamba nezinselele zokuhlela izinselele kumelwe kukhulunywe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bonke abafundi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-zip code, inzuzo, inzuzo yokufunda ngaphandle kwe-pacpop.

Ithonya Lokuphila Kwesikhathi Eside

Izinzuzo zemfundo yangaphandle zihlanganisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Abafundi abakhula befundiswa ngaphandle njalo baqala imikhuba yokuphila konke yelukuluku, imisebenzi engokomzimba, nokuphathwa kwendawo ezungezile. Othisha abakhululekile ngaphandle babika ukwaneliseka okukhulu kwemisebenzi futhi banciphisa amazinga okutubeka. Izikole ezinezinhlelo ezisunguliwe ngaphandle zivame ukubona inani elingcono lababa khona futhi zinciphise izenzakalo zokujezisa, zibangele ukukhula okuhle okusekela ukukhula komntwana wonke.

Isihluthulelo siwukuthi zihlale zikhona. Izindawo zangaphandle kumelwe zigcinwe futhi ziqabulelwe ukuze zihlale zihilelekile. Ukudiliza izilimo zasegadini, ukuhlanganisa indawo entsha yokuhlala, ukuvuselela izimpawu zobuchwepheshe (njengemizwa yesimo sezulu noma amakhamera emvelo) kugcina indawo isebenza ngamandla. Amakomiti abaphathi babafundi angathatha ubunikazi, ashintshane nemithwalo yemfanelo yokunisela, ukuhlafuna nokugada izilwane zasendle. Lokhu akunciphi nje kuphela izindleko zokulondoloza imvelo kodwa futhi kuqinisa izifundo zomthwalo wemfanelo nenkonzo yomphakathi.

Uma ubheka phambili, izindawo zokufunda ngaphandle cishe ziyoba isici esivamile sokuklama isikole, esifana kakhulu nemitapo yezincwadi nezindawo zokuvivinya umzimba. Amapulangwe ahlanganisa uphahla oluluhlaza, amaphasishi, nokufunda izingadi ezakhiweni zesikole ezintsha. Izikole ezikhona zingavuselela izindawo zazo ngokuphazima kweso. Inhlangano iyanda, isekelwa ukucwaninga, isimiso, kanye nezimpande zotshani.

Isiphetho: Isinyathelo Esingokwemvelo Semfundo

Izikhungo zokufunda ezingaphandle zingaphezu kakhulu kokuthambekela. Ziyisu elisebenzayo, elisekelwe ebufakazini lokuthuthukisa imiphumela yezemfundo, impilo, ukufunda imvelo, kanye nokubambisana komphakathi. Izikole zendawo ezitshala kulezi zindawo zibona inzuzo esheshayo nehlala njalo. Nakuba izinselele ezinjengomoya, ukuxhasa imali, nokuqeqesha kukhona, ziyaphumelela ngokuhlela nangokuzibophezela. Izinhlelo eziphumelela kakhulu zihlanganisa izakhiwo ezingokomzimba kanye nokuhlanganisa izinhlelo eziqinile nezivumelwano eziqhubekayo zomphakathi.

Njengoba othisha beqhubeka befuna izindlela zokulungiselela abafundi ngezwe eliyinkimbinkimbi nelishintshayo, ngaphandle kuvela igumbi lokufundela elilula, eliphansi, nelingenamsebenzi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngebanga eliphansi ngaphansi kwesihlahla noma ngesikhungo sokufunda esithuthuke kakhulu ngaphandle, izinzuzo zisobala: abafundi bathembisene kakhulu, banempilo engcono, futhi bahlonyiselwe kangcono ukuba abaphathi abanengqondo bendawo yabo. Isikhathi sokufunda ngaphandle sesikhona.