Table of Contents

Okwenza Imitapo Yezincwadi Yasendaweni Ibe Yizisebenzi Ezibalulekile Emfundweni Yokubala

Ubalo lweminyaka lunquma ukumelelwa kwezombangazwe, ukuhanjiswa kwezimali, nokuhlelwa komphakathi ngeminyaka eyishumi ezayo. Naphezu kokubaluleka kwakho, abantu abaningi bayanqikaza noma bangakwazi ukuhlanganyela ngenxa yokuntula ulwazi, imingcele yolimi, noma ukungena nge-intanethi. Ukusebenza nemitapo yezincwadi yendawo kukhuluma ngale zinselele eziphambili. Amathala asebenza njengengathathi hlangothi, izindawo ezithenjwayo lapho umuntu engangena khona, abuze imibuzo, futhi angene ngaphandle kokwahlulela. Ngokuhlanganisa imfundo yokubala emitatsheni yezincwadi, imikhankanti ingafinyelela emiphakathini edayisa izikhangiso ezivamile nezokugxamalalisa iminyango yomphakathi ngokuvamile iyaphuthelwa. Lokhu kuguqula imitapo yezincwadi ekhubazekayo isuka ezindaweni ezisebenzayo ithathe ingxenye enkulu yezokuhlanganyela kweze hlangothini zeze umphakathi.

Ukwethenjwa Nokwetholakala Komphakathi: Isisekelo Sempumelelo Yokubala

Imitapo Enjengoba Ukwaziswa Okuthenjiswe

Ukucwaninga okuqhubekayo kubonisa ukuthi abagcini bezincwadi baphakathi kochwepheshe bomphakathi abathenjwa kakhulu. Uma umtapo wezincwadi uveza iposi lokubala noma ishabhu, eligunyaza isisindo esingaphezu kakhulu kwepheshana likahulumeni. Amalungu omphakathi angakholwa iposi elingokomthetho noma ukweba amagama okwazi ukukhomba asengozini enkulu yokukholelwa ukwaziswa okunikezwa yizikhulu zendawo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu emiphakathini engokomlando engalinganiswanga, kuhlanganise nabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe, izindawo ezithola imali ephansi, kanye nezindawo zasemaphandleni. Ngokwe American Library Association, amaMelika abheka amathala ezincwadi njengemithombo yokwaziswa ethembekile.

Ukutholakala Kwayo Ngokomzimba Nangokwezinombolo

Akuwona wonke umuntu one-Internet yasekhaya, i-computer, noma izinto zokuhamba ezithembekile eziya emahhovisi kahulumeni. Amabhuloho anezikhotha akhona. Anikeza amacomputer omphakathi mahhala, i-Wi-Fi, nezindawo ezingasese lapho izakhamuzi zingaqeda khona ukubala nge-intanethi esendaweni ephephile. Kubantu abangewona amaNgilandi, imitapo yezincwadi inikeza izisebenzi nemisebenzi ebhalwe ngezilimi eziningi. Kulabo abanezinngakwazi ukuzwa noma ukuzwa, imitapo yemitapo iqinisekisa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obusizayo bukhona. Imikhankampane yokunikeza amalabhulabhula enziwe ngezindlela ezifundelwayo, iziyalezo ezifundekayo ezifundelwayo, nabahumushi abakwazi ukuchaza izimpawu banikeza imingcele ephawulekayo yokuhlanganyela.

Ukufinyelela Inani Labantu Elinzima

I-Census Bureau ichaza amaqembu amaningana anzima: izingane ezincane, abaqashi, abantu abambalwa bobuhlanga nobuzwe, abantu abangenamakhaya, nabantu abanobuhlakani obulinganiselwe. Imitapo ivame ukuwasebenzisa wonke lamaqembu. Ngezikhathi zezindaba, amakilasi e-ESL, nezinhlelo zokuthutha, imitapo ihlala ixhumana nsuku zonke nemikhaya nabantu okungenzeka bangakwazi ukubala abantu. Ngokuqhuba imfundo yokubala abantu emisebenzini yemitapo ekhona, imikhankaso igwema impoza ukuthatha isinyathelo esihlukile sikahulumeni futhi esikhundleni sokusebenzisa umyalezo njengengxenye yalokho umtapo wezincwadi osukwenza kakade: ukusiza abantu.

Imithombo Nezinhlelo Ezishayelayo Ezihlanganyelayo

Izinhlelo Zokwaziswa Nezindawo Zomsebenzi

Imitapo ingathola kokubili inqubo yokuchaza inqubo yokubalwa kwabantu. Abalindi bangahola izinkulumo ngokuthi kungani izindaba zokubala abantu, imibuzo okumelwe bayilindele, nokuthi ingagwema kanjani ukukhohlisa. Imikhankaso inganikeza imitapo yamabhuku abonisayo, iFAQs, nezindlela zokukhangisa ngaphambi kokuba ikhululwe ingokomthetho. Ngonyaka ka-202020, imitapo eminingi yemitapo yezincwadi yayinayo “iSikhungo 101” kusihlwa ezaphindaphindeka kabili uma kuhlangana umphakathi. Le zenzakalo zakha umfutho futhi zivumela abantu ukuba babuze imibuzo ebucayi ngasese. Ukunikela ngemidanti yezikhathi eziningi (iFAS), kuhlanganise nezimpelasonto nezimpelasonto ezisebenzayo kungafika.

Ukusakaza Izindiza Nezinto Ezikhuluma Ngezilimi Ezihlukahlukene

Imitapo yezincwadi izikhungo zokusakaza ezingokwemvelo. AmaPatrons athatha izibekisi, izimpukane, kanye namakhadi e-posi lapho ehlola izinto. Imikhankaso kufanele ikhiqize izinto ngezilimi ezingenhla ezikhulunywa endaweni ngayinye esesemtatsheni wezincwadi. Ukuze ikwazi ukuhlanganisa kakhulu, hlanganisa imibhalo echaza inqubo yomnyango wendlu ukuya kuleyo ndlu ngokubona okulula. Amalayisensi anganikeza futhi amathuluzi okuphendula abantu afake amaposidina akhokhelwe kusengaphambili. Ukugcina itafula elinikezelwe ukubala abantu eduze komnyango noma izimpawu zokuhlola ideskiniki ukuthi lokhu kuyinto yokuqala.

Ukuhlela Izikhungo Zomsebenzi Nezinhlelo Zemfundo

Ngaphandle kokwaziswa okuyisisekelo, imitapo yezincwadi inganikeza ulwazi olunzulu. Izikhungo zomsebenzi zemininingwane, ukuqonda i-jogal, noma indlela ukwaziswa okuthinta ngayo izikole zendawo nezibhedlela okunika izakhamuzi amandla okuzibheka njengezikhubazayo. Izinhlelo zentsha zingafundisa amakhono okufunda amanani emishini kuyilapho iqeda ukubala abantu kuyi-intanethi. Amakhompuyutha angahlanganyela ekugwemeni ukwebiwa kwemininingwane. Uhlelo ngalunye lusebenza ngokuphindwe kabili: lufundisa futhi lwandisa izinga lokusabela. Amathala futhi anamandla okuqeqesha izisebenzi zezisebenzi zezisebenzi zezemfunda-mfunda-zincwadi njengamanxusa ababalo, ukuguqula idesikishi ngalinye libe idesiki lokubala elisiza ekutholeni abantu.

Ukulungiselela Ukutholakala Kwe - Internet Neziteshi Ze - computer

Igebe lenombolo lingenye yesithiyo esibaluleke kakhulu ekuqedweni kobalo lwe-intanethi. Amalayibhulali asenikeza izigidi i-inthanethi yamahhala. Phakathi nezikhathi zokubalwa kwabantu, imitapo ingathatha amahora, igcine amacomputer ukuze isetshenziswe nje kuphela, futhi inikeze usizo olulodwa. Eminye imitapo yezincwadi ithumela ngisho namachashaza ashisayo ahamba ngeselula angakwazi ukuwahlola, avumele ukuba aqede ukubala abantu ekhaya. Imikhankambiswano kufanele ihambisane nemitapo yezincwadi ukuze iqiniseke ukuthi i-aféctived nezisebenzi ezanele phakathi kwezikhathi eziphambili. I-Federal Commissionsion’s Commis i-eting ingasiza ukuxhumana kwemitamfunda ngokulungiselela.

Izinzuzo Zomphakathi Nemikhankaso

Ukwanda Kokubambisana Nokuhlanganyela Phakathi Kwamaqembu Angavikelwa

Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi izindawo ezinezibopho eziqinile zomtapo zifinyelela amazinga aphakeme okusabela. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-2020, imitapo yezincwadi enezinhlalo zabantu abaningi base-Spania yabika ukuthi izenzakalo zayo zokubala abantu zabangela imikhaya eyayingakaze ihlanganyele ngaphambili. Indawo engasongelanga yomtapo wezincwadi ikhuthaza ukwethembana. Uma ummeli wezincwadi ethi “lokhu kwaziswa kuyimfihlo,” abaxhasi bakukholelwa. Imikhankaso isho ukuthi imitapo yezincwadi ibona kahle abaphendula kuqala, izakhiwo eziyingxenye ehlukene, nokuqaphela okukhulu kokuhambela okulandelayo.

Ukuphoqelela Ukwaziswa Okunembile Nokuphelele

Ukwaziswa okunembile kuxhomeke ekubaleni abantu okugcwele. Amagebe okwaziswa aholela ekutholeni imali engekho kahle ezikoleni, ekunakekeleni impilo, emigwaqweni, nasezinkonzweni eziphuthumayo. Amalabhuli asiza ekugcwaliseni lezizikhala ngokuzingela ngokuqondile amaqembu acishe alahleke kakhulu. Ngokunikeza usizo olulodwa ngezilimi eziningi, imitapo inganciphisa amaphutha ekuqondeni imibuzo. Isiza futhi ekugwemeni ukubala izingane ezincane, ezivame ukukhishwa ezindleleni zasekhaya. Ngokwe-Censureauauau, izingane ezingaphansi kwesihlanu ziphakathi kweqembu elingaphansi kakhulu kweminyaka. Amathala angafundisa abazali ukuthi zonke izingane eziphila emizini.

Ukwakha Isivumelwano Somphakathi Esithatha Isikhathi Eside

Ukubambisana akupheli lapho kuqedwa. Amalayibhulali ayaqhubeka esebenza njengezikhungo zokubophana zomphakathi. Imishini yokubhalisa, imihlangano yomphakathi, nemikhankaso yezempilo konke kuzuza ngesisekelo esifanayo. Ngokusebenzisana nomphakathi, imitapo yokwaziswa nohulumeni bendawo kumisa ukufuduka komsebenzi kanye nobudlelwane obudlule. Ukuhlolwa kweNhlangano yeMuziyamu neMinyango ye- Library kwathola ukuthi imitapo yezincwadi eyayihlanganyela emikhankasweni yomphakathi yabika ukuthi abaxhasi nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo ephakeme yezimali zikahulumeni kwanda kakhulu ngemva kokuba sekuphelile. Ukwenziwa komsebenzi wokwenza izakhiwo zomphakathi kusungulo lwezinkonzo zomphakathi ezisemkhankambini wesikhathi esizayo ngenxa yokulungiselela zonke izindlela zokusiza impilo zomphakathi.

Izibonelo ezingokoqobo zomhlaba zomtapo wezincwadi

ILos Angeles Public Library: Ukuhileleka Okuphelele KweKomiti Yokubala

Phakathi no-2020 Census, i-Los Angeles Public Library yajoyina i-Complete Committee yedolobha. AbaseLibrarian baqeqeshwa “njengamatilosi ahamba ngezinyawo” futhi bathunyelwa emagatsheni asezindaweni ezingokomlando ezingabalwanga. Bahamba ngamahora avamile nsuku zonke, babehamba ngocingo, futhi basakaza izinkulungwane zamathuluzi ezilimi eziningi. Umphumela: i-Los Angeles County yabona ukwanda kwesilinganiso sokuzihambela ngokwayo ezindaweni ezinezinkonzo zezincwadi ngokusekela kwemitapo yezincwadi okusebenzayo uma kuqhathaniswa nezindawo ezingekho. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhonza imiphakathi yabafuduki banconywa ngokuthuthukisa izinqubo ze-alkits.

IQueens Borough Library yomphakathi: Umholi wolimi

IQueens, iNew York, ingenye yezilimi ezihlukahlukene kakhulu e-United States. I-Queens Library yakhiqiza izinto zokubala abantu ngezilimi ezingaphezu kwezingu-30, kuhlanganise ne-Bengali, i-Urdu, isiCreole saseHaiti, nesiMandarin. Bafaka “Census Kiosks” egatsheni ngalinye lapho abaxhasi bekwazi khona ukuqeda ifomu nge-inthanethi ngomsizi wezisebenzi zolimi lwezilimi. Umtapo wezincwadi wasebenzisa nenkonzo yokubhala ukuze usekele abantu abakude.

Imitapo Yezincwadi Yasemaphandleni Entabeni EseNtshonalanga: Ukuvala Ukuhlukanisa

Kumanani antulayo abantu abahlala eWyoming naseMontana, imitapo yezincwadi iwukuphela komthombo we-inthanethi. Phakathi nonyaka ka-2020 Census, lemitapo yezincwadi yandisa amahora esonto futhi yanikeza ukunyatheliswa kwezindlela zokubala ezihamba-hambayo. Izimoto zahamba ngemishini yezincwadi eneziphuphutheki ukuze zifinyelele amapulazi aqhelile. Izinhlangano zomtapo wezincwadi zabika ukuthi izakhamuzi eziningi zaqeda ukubala abantu okokuqala ngenxa yokuthi umtapo wezomtapo waletha le nqubo. Lezi zibonelo zibonisa ukuthi lo mshini usebenza kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isayensi yesayensi yezwe noma ukuphakama kwabantu.

Indlela Yokwakha Ubuhlobo Obuphumelelayo Emtatsheni Wezincwadi Emikhankasweni Yokubala

Qala Ukuhola Emtatsheni Kusenengxenye

Ungalindi kuze kuqale unyaka wokubala. Zama ukufinyelela kubaqondisi bemitapo yezincwadi nabaphathi bamagatsha okungenani izinyanga eziyi-12 kuya kwezingu-18 ngaphambi kokuba kuqalwe ukubalwa. Xoxani ukuthi ikuphi ukusekela umtapo kakade kanye namagebe ongawagcwalisa. Nikeza imigqa yemali yezisebenzi ezisebenza isikhathi esengeziwe, ukunyathelisa, nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe. Ukumisa i-memorand ukuqonda okuchaza izindima, imithwalo yemfanelo, nezindawo zokuxhumana. Izivumelwano zakuqala zenza ukuba umtapo wezincwadi uhlanganise ukuhlela ukubala abantu ekhalendeni yabo yesimiso saminyaka yonke.

Nikeza Ukuqeqesha Nezinto Zokuphatha

Abaqondisi bezincwadi badinga ukuqeqeshwa okunembile, okuthatha isikhathi kuya phambili ukuze baphendule imibuzo ngokuqiniseka. Umngane noMnyango we-Census ukuze anikeze iziqephu zokuqeqesha abantu ezingokomthetho ezizoqeqeshelwa izisebenzi zomtapo wezincwadi. Fakani “ibhokisi elisebhokisini” elinezinkulumo, amafomu, izicelo, ibuzwa kaningi, kanye nokwaziswa okuphathelene namakomiti aphelele endawo. Uma kuqinisekiswa zonke izinto zibalulekile ngokwesiko futhi zihunyushelwe ezilimini eziphezulu zenkonzo yomtapo. Landelani ngokuqeqeshwa kokuqamba amaphuzu, amafomu ahlolwayo, amafomu, ukwaziswa okuphathelene nokwaziswa okuphathelene nokwaziswa okuphathelene nokwaziswa okuphathelene nezincwadi.

Hlonipha Ukungathathi - hlangothi Kwezincwadi

Imitapo yezincwadi kumelwe ihlale ingekho epaliseni. Imikhankaso yokubala abantu kumelwe igweme ukubonakala kobandlululo lwezombangazwe. Ukubala abantu njengokuthola iqiniso, ukuhlanganisa ukwaziswa, hhayi ukukhipha ucingo. Nikeza izinto ezinamathela ekuchazeni inqubo nezinzuzo kunokusekela umphumela othile. Amalabhulali azimisele kakhulu ukuhambisana uma azi ukuthi umyalezo awunazo futhi izinto zivunyelwe yi-Census Bureauau.

Sebenzisa Iziteshi Zokuxhumana ZaseMtatsheni

Imitapo kakade inezincwadi ze-imeyili, ama-akhawunti ezokuxhumana, amafasitela, kanye namabhodi ezindaba. Integrate ithumela imiyalezo yabalwayo kuleziteshi ezikhona. Yenza imidwebo ebhalwe ngamagama yezobungani bezenhlalakahle, yenza amavidiyo amafushane angawasebenzisa, futhi inikeze amaphuzu okukhuluma ezingxoxo zasedesikini. Inikeza “amathuluzi okungenayo” ahlanganisa izinsika ze-expont, izindiza, ngisho nombhalo wemiyalezo yocingo edaliweyo. Uma ungenza okuncane umtapo wezincwadi ungenza ukuvumelana nomyalezo, cishe bawusebenzise.

Linganisa Impumelelo Futhi Uyigubhe

Kulandele ukuthi zingaki iziteshi zokubala ezikhona emitatsheni, ukuthi zingakanani izinto ezisakazwayo, nokuthi zingani izinga elinjani elisekhonweni lomtapo we-zip. Hlanganisani lemiphumela embikweni womphakathi obonisa ukuthi umtapo wezincwadi nezisebenzi zawo. Ukuhalalisela impumelelo ngokukhishwa kwezincwadi, amabhaso, noma umcimbi omncane. Lokhu kukhuthaza umtapo ukuba uqhubeke nomsebenzi womphakathi futhi unikeze isilinganisi semikhankaso esikhathini esizayo.

Izinselele Nezixazululo Emitatsheni Yobuhlobo Emikhulu

Isikhathi Esilinganiselwe Nohlelo Lokusebenzisa Imali

Amalayibhulali omphakathi ngokuvamile awasebenzi kakhulu futhi awakhokhelwa kakhulu. Imikhankaso yokubala ingasiza ngokunikeza izisebenzi ezizosebenza amahora engeziwe noma ngokuthumela izisebenzi zokuzithandela. Umngane namayunivesithi endawo ahlela abafundi abangase basize ekubaleni abantu. Cela izimali ezivela eMnyango weNhlangano yeMuziyamu ne- Library ukuze ukhokhe izindleko zohlelo. Izizwe eziningi zinikeza imitapo ekhethekile yokuthi amalabhulali angangena lapho esebenza nekomiti ephelele yababalo yendawo.

Izinkinga Zomuntu Siqu

Abanye abaxhasi bakhathazekile ngokuthi izisebenzi zomtapo zizobona izimpendulo zazo. Sikisha ukuthi ukusabela kokubala abantu kuyimfihlo ngokomthetho (isiHloko 13 soMthetho we-U.S.) nokuthi abaqondisi bezincwadi ababhali noma bagcine izimpendulo. Bekela amacomputer emfihlo futhi baqinisekise ukuthi amacomputer emitatsheni ahlelelwe ukucacisa umlando ngemva kwesimiso ngasinye. Qeqesha izisebenzi ukuba ziphume kuyicomputer uma nje umsizi eqala ifomu.

Ukungaqondi Nokungaqondi

Izenzo zokubala . njengokusaba ukuhlanganisa ukwaziswa nokugcinwa kwabantu abafudukayo . Amalayibrari ayizindawo ezingcono zokulwa nokwaziswa okungamanga. Izinhlelo zomphakathi nezikhulu ze-Censusbare Bureau. Bonisa izithombe ezibonisa kahle lokho okukwenziwa ngokubalwa kwabantu futhi ezingakubuzi. Yenza amakhasi abhalwe ngezindaba ezivamile ngolimi olulula. AbaseLibrarian baqeqeshelwa ukufunda ulwazi; bawanika amandla okulungisa amanga ngobunono nangendlela elula. Yenza “ingxenye yebhasi”

Izithiyo Zolimi Nezokufunda

Akuwona wonke amalungu omphakathi afunda noma abhale ngesiNgisi, noma abhale nhlobo. Amalayibhulali anganikeza amarekhodi, iziyalezo zevidiyo, nosizo olulodwa oluzimele. Kulawo angafundile, umlindi wezincwadi angafunda imibuzo ngokuzwakalayo futhi angene ekuphenduleni ngendlela efana neshiwo ngayo. Anikeze amathuluzi okubala abantu abaneziyalezo ezingezona isiNgisi futhi aqinisekise ukuthi ingosi yomtapo yezincwadi ihlangene kakhulu netheku lokubala abantu ngezilimi eziningi. Umngane onezinzuzo ezinganikezwangakhonziwa ukuze anikeze abahumushi phakathi namahora aphezulu.

Isiphetho: Imitapo Njengezinsalela

Izincwadi zendawo aziwona nje amagumbi anokuthula agcwele izincwadi. Basebenza ngokunethezeka, ngokuthembana, nangokuvumelana nanoma yimuphi umkhankaso ofuna ukufinyelela bonke abantu abahlala khona. Imfundo, imitapo yezincwadi inikeza ikhono eliyingqayizivele lokuhlanganisa ulwazi, ezobuchwepheshe, nosizo lwabantu ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa. Uma imikhankaso ingenisa lezi zigqi, babona amazinga aphakeme empendulo, imininingwane enembile, kanye nezibopho zomphakathi eziqinile ezinwebeka lé kakhulu ngalé komjikelezo weminyaka eyishumi. Ukubalwa kwabantu kusondela njalo. Qala ukwakha leyomitapo manje, futhi uzoba ukulungele ukubala wonke umuntu.

Imithombo yezemisebenzi: American Library Association - Censurences .U.S. .Censure Bureau – Umphaza-nemitapo enezimemo zolwazi[[[FLT:] +[FLT:] +[FLT]] I-Institute of Museum and Library Services – CRIVITmentements [[FTY:6]]