Umthetho-mthetho kahulumeni uqukethe amalungiselelo alawula amalungelo okuvota nezinqubo zokukhetha. Lemithetho ingahluka kakhulu kusukela esifundeni sekhulu le-19 kuya kwesinye, ivumela indlela okhetho abaqhutshwa ngayo futhi ihlanganyele ngayo. Nakuba umthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S. ubeka isisekelo sesivikelo sentela yokuvota − njengokungavunyelwe kwentela yokukhokha ngeSichibiyelo sama-24 kanye nokuvunyelwa kwabesifazane ngeSichibiyelo se-19 seSichibiyelo sokhetho. Ngokomphumela, imithetho-mthetho yezwe iye yaba yindawo eyinhloko yokulwela amalungelo okuvota, ukuvota, ukuthembeka, nokungena kwe-bolomza. Ukuqonda lokho lezi zincwadi ezikushoyo nendlela ezihluke ngayo kudingekile kunoma ubani osebenza ekuqondiseni kokhetho, umthetho, noma ukubophela umphakathi.

Isisekelo Somthetho - sisekelo Sokunikeza Izincwadi E - United States

Ubuhlobo phakathi kukahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni nezifundazwe ezisemthethweni wokhetho buchazwa yiSiphakamiso I, iSiqeshana sesine sinikeza amandla okumisa "Izikhathi, Izindawo noManer wokukhetha izikhundla ze-Senator kunye nabameleli," okungagunyazwa ukumiswa kwe-constivation. Lezi zihambeli zisho ukuthi imithetho-mthetho engokomthetho elawula amalungelo okuvota kanye nezinqubo zokukhetha zikahulumeni zokhetho. Izinkantolo zesifunda kuphela ziyangenela uma imithetho kahulumeni iphula isivikelo somthetho-mthetho-mthetho, njenge-Actal Providetic Claus noma i-Actsclect.

Umlando Kakhulu Nokwehlukana Kwesifunda

Kusukela ekusungulweni kwesizwe, izifundazwe zasetshenziswa cishe ziphethe ukuthi ubani okwazi ukuvota. Izimfuneko zokuphatha impahla, ukuhlola okungokwenkolo, nokuhlukaniswa kohlanga zazivamile kumthetho-sisekelo wezwe wakuqala. ISichibiyelo se-15 se-1870 sanqabela ukucwasana kwezinhlanga ekuvoteni, kodwa kwathatha cishe iminyaka eyikhulu yomthetho womthetho wobuzwe ngaphambi kokuba lezi zivikelo ziphonzwe ngokomthetho. ISivumelwano se 17 seSigunyaziso sobuzwe (1913) sasusa u-U.S. ukhetho lwezigebengo olusuka kumahlelo ohulumeni ohulumeni ukuya evotistikini ethandwayo, luye lwandisa indima yemithetho kahulumeni echaza i-votir e-octive. Namuhla, imithetho engokomthetho iyaqhubeka i-projectivestiki, ukuphendula izimpikiswano zanamuhla njengezimfuneko zokuvota, ukuvota, nokubhalisa.

Okwenza Imithetho - sisekelo Kahulumeni Ibaluleke Kakhulu Kunanini ngaphambili

Emashumini eminyaka amuva, imithetho-mthetho kahulumeni iye yaba baluleke kakhulu njengamathuluzi okuvikela amalungelo okuvota, ikakhulukazi uma isivikelo sikahulumeni silula noma silinganiselwe. Ezinye izifundazwe ziye zalungisa imithetho yazo ukuze zihlanganise ukuvuma iziqinisekiso zamalungelo okuvota adlulela ngalé komthetho kahulumeni, kuyilapho ezinye ziye zamisa izinqubo zokukhetha eziqinile. Ukuhlukahluka kwezindlela zokukhetha kuchaza ukuthi okuhlangenwe nakho komvoti () kanye nezivikelo ezingokomthetho ezizijabulela kakhulu kuliphi izwe ezilibiza ngokuthi ikhaya. Kubaphathi bezokhetho nabenzi bemithetho, ukuhlala kwamanje emalungiselelweni omthetho womthetho akuyona into ekhethelwe ngokomthetho futhi akuyona into ebaluleke kakhulu.

Ukumemezela Amalungelo Kuqinisekisa Imithetho - sisekelo KaHulumeni

Imithetho-mthetho kahulumeni eminingi iqinisekisa ilungelo lokuvota ngendlela ethile, kodwa ubukhulu nokubaluleka kwalezi siqinisekiso kuyahlukahluka kakhulu. Ezinye izifundazwe zifaka imvume ebanzi, yebo ezindlekweni zazo zamalungelo, kuyilapho ezinye zihlanganisa amalungiselelo okuvota kuphela ezihlokweni ezinikezelwe okhethweni nasekuhlolweni. Ukuqonda lokhu kungafani kuyabaluleke kakhulu ekunqumeni ukuthi imithetho kahulumeni yokukhetha ingabekelwa inselele njengengekho ngaphansi kwemithetho kahulumeni esemthethweni.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwamalungelo Abantu

Izifunda eziningi zinezilungiselelo ezikhulayo zomthetho-sisekelo eziqinisekisa ilungelo lokuvota. Ngokwesibonelo, umthetho-sisekelo wase-Oregon, i-Illinois, ne-New York unolimi olusho ukuthi "sonke isakhamuzi" sinelungelo lokuvota. Nokho, imithetho-mthetho eminingi iyeka ukunikeza imvume ecacile, esikhundleni sokubala izimfanelo zokuvota /uchota, ukuhlala, ukuba isakhamuzi, nokubhalisa. /ukuyishiyela kumthetho-myalulo. Kulezi zifundazwe, izinkantolo zivame ukuchaza ingxube yezimfanelo negunya lomthetho njengokuthiwa ilungelo lokuvota, kodwa elingalawulwa ngokunengqondo.

Ukumelana Nokuziphatha Okubi NoKhisimusi Ngalé Kwezinga Elivamile

Umthetho - sisekelo wezwe unqabela ukucwasana ngokucacile ekuvoteni ngesisekelo sohlanga, ubulili, ibala, noma inkathi yangaphambili, ilinganise iziNguqulo ze-15 ne-19. Ezinye izifundazwe ziqhubekela phambili, zenezele izigaba ezivikelwe njengenkolo, imvelaphi yobuzwe, noma ukukhubazeka. Ngokwesibonelo, uMthetho-sisekelo wase California uqinisekisa ukuthi ilungelo lokuvota ngeke linqatshwe noma livalwe ngenxa yohlanga, ubuzwe, ubulili, ubulili, noma ukukhubazeka. La magama anganikeza ukukhomba okungokomthetho okwengeziwe okubhekene nobandlululo ngaphansi komthetho kahulumeni, ngisho nalapho imvume kahulumeni ingatholakali.

Ilungelo Lokuthola Ibhola Lemfihlo

Isivikelo esibucayi sokuvikela inqubo yomthetho-mthetho wezwe omningi yisiqinisekiso sokuvota okuyimfihlo. Lelilungiselelo, elitholakala emithethweni yezifundazwe enjengeMassachusetts, New York, neTexas, liqinisekisa ukuthi akekho ongaqaphela noma othonye indlela amavoti azimele. I-colot eyimfihlo ibhekwa njengebalulekile kakhulu ekuvimbeleni ukugconwa nokuphoqelelwa. Ngaphandle kwayo, abavoti bangabesaba ukuphindisela ngezindlela ezingathandeki, banciphise ubuqotho bokhetho.

Ukutholakala Kwemali Ekhethekile: Ubudala, Ukubuyiselwa, Ukuba Izakhamuzi, Nokubhaliswa

Umthetho-sisekelo woMbuso uchaza izimfuneko eziyisisekelo zokuzivumela ukuba zithathwe. Nakuba ezinye zalezizimfuneko zivumelana phakathi kwezimo zesifundazwe nenkathi, ngokwesibonelo, `esinye] kuyahluka kakhulu, ikakhulukazi isikhathi sokuhlala, isikhathi sokubhalisa, namalungelo abantu abanezinkolelo zobugebengu zangaphambili.

Ubudala Nezimfuneko Zokuhlala Unjalo

Cishe wonke umthetho-mthetho wombuso umisa iminyaka elinganiselwe yokuvota eneminyaka engu-18, ngokuvumelana neSichibiyelo se-26 soMthetho-sisekelo wase-U. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyahluka. Izifunda eziningi zifuna umvoti ukuba abe isakhamuzi sombuso kanye nesifunda esithile sokhetho esikhathini esithile ngaphambi kokukhetha. Ezinye izizwe, njengo-Alabama, zidinga izinsuku ezingamashumi amathathu zokuhlala esifundeni, kuyilapho ezinye zidinga okuncane cishe izinsuku eziyishumi. Izifunda ezimbalwa, kuhlanganise ne-North Dakota, azinamfuneko esemthethweni yokuhlala, zivumela ukuvota kuphela endaweni yokuvota esemthethweni e-Ecovotionsty.

Ukuba Izakhamuzi Nokubhalisa

Yonke imibuso idinga ukuba abavoti babe izakhamuzi zase-U.S., kodwa indlela lemfuneko ehlelwa ngayo iyahlukahluka. Amanye ama-constitution alinganisela ngokuqondile ukuvota ku "izezen," kuyilapho amanye amane afune ukuba abavoti babe "abahlali" noma "abaholi"". Ezindaweni ezinamalungelo okuvota okungaboliwe okhetho lwendawo [1] efana noMaryland, lapho amanye ama-operacterion avumela khona ukuba amavote evote ebhodini //izivumelwano zesikole kumelwe zichazwe ngokucophelela ukuze kugwenywe izimfuneko zokwehlukana. Imishayo ziyahluka futhi: ezinye izimfuneko zidinga ukubhaliswa kwezinsuku ezithile ngaphambi kokhetho, kanti ezinye zinje ngo-Idaho, i-Illino, ne-California-odomsday-s jourves ezindaweni zokuvotasitada.

Ukuphikiswa Okufingqiwe: A State-by- State Pattery

Enye yezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokungavumelani: abanye abantu ababoshelwa ngokungemthetho, kuyilapho uMthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S. uvumela ukuba kuvinjelwe ukuvota "ukuthatha isigwebo sokuvukela, noma okunye ubugebengu" (14th Sichibiyelo, Ingxenye 2). Ngenxa yalokho, umthetho - sisekelo uwehla ngokuphawulekayo: abanye bahlukanisa ngokungenamkhawulo abantu ababekwe icala elithile, kuyilapho abanye bebuyisela amalungelo okuvota ngokuzenzekelayo lapho beqeda isigwebo. UVermont noMaine baphawuleka ngokuvumela bonke abantu, kuhlanganise nabantu abavalelwe, ukuba bavote. Njengabangu-2024, izigidi ezingu-4, amaMelika ancishintshwa ngenxa yokuqiniseka ngecala okuthile, ngokufana ne-Televranclansting Project. Izwelo lifana ne-Florida i-stricivelmstionstion ukuze babuyiselwe ngokusetshenziswa kwemithetho eminingi enziwayo kodwa ngokushintshwayo, intententenzile ngokulandelanayo.

Imingcele Yempilo Yengqondo Yokuncintisana

Imithetho-mthetho eminingana kahulumeni ihlanganisa amalungiselelo okungakufanelekeli kwabantu ababhekwa "ngengqondo" ekuvoteni. La malungiselelo aphikiswa kakhulu njengokungavumelani nemithetho engokomthetho. Izifunda eziningi ziye zayiguqula lemithetho, kodwa ezinye zilondoloza umthetho-sisekelo ovumela izinkantolo ukuba zisuse amalungelo okuvota kubantu abangaphansi kokuqashwa. Ukuthambekela eminyakeni yamuva kuye kwaba semqoka ekuncipheni ikhono lokuvota, kanye nezifunda ezinjengoDelaware noWashington ukuguqula imithetho yazo ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthi ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kukodwa akuzona izizathu zokulahla ukuvota.

Izinhlelo Zokukhetha Ziyamiswa Emithethweni - sisekelo YoMbuso

Ngaphandle kwamalungelo okuvota, imithetho - sisekelo kahulumeni ivame ukugunyaza okhethweni, kusukela esikhathini sokhetho kuya ekusungulweni kwezifundani nasezindleleni zokuvota. Le mininingwane ingaba nemiphumela emikhulu kubaphathi bokhetho nasekungeneni kwabo.

Ukukhetha Isikhathi Esifushane Nokuphindaphinda

Imithetho-mithetho eminingi imisa isimiso sokhetho oluyinhloko noluvamile. Izifunda eziningi zithatha ukhetho oluvamile ngoLwesibili lokuqala ngemva koMsombuluko wokuqala ngoNovember, ngokuvumelana nokhetho lukahulumeni. Nokho, isikhathi samaprimparities, amavote, nokhetho olukhethekile siyahlukahluka kakhulu. Eminye imithetho-mthetho ifuna ukuba zonke izifundazwe nokhetho lwendawo ziqhutshwe ngosuku olufanayo, kuyilapho eminye ivumela ukuba kuvumelane. Lemikhakha yokujika: ukhetho oluhlangeneyo lunganciphisa ukukhathala futhi luthuthukise ukuthatha iqhaza.

Ukulungisa Isigodi Nokukhangwa

Imithetho-mthetho eminingi yombuso inemithetho eminingi yokudweba izigodi zomthetho nezingqungquthela. Lemithetho ifuna ukuba izifundakazi zibe nezikhawu, zihlangane, futhi zibe nabantu abalinganayo. Ezinye izifundazwe, njengo-Iowa no-California, zinezinhlelo zomthetho-mthetho ezimisa izinhlelo ezizimele zokunciphisa i-gerrymanidering. Eminye, kuhlanganise nemithetho-mthetho yombuso eminingi eyamukelwa ekhulwini le-19 leminyaka, inezahlulelo ezahlulo eziye zaphelelwa isikhathi, eziholela ekuhlaziyweni nasekuguquleni. Imfuneko yokuncishiswa kwemithetho ye-redi elandelanayo (ngokuvamile iminyaka eyishumi ngemva kokubalwa kwesizwe) ngokuvamile ihlanganiswe futhi nomthetho kahulumeni.

Umklamo Webhola Nezindlela Zokukhipha Izinhlamvu

Umklamo webhola ungabonakala njengomniningwane wezobuchwepheshe, kodwa ungathinta ngokuphawulekayo ukuthi amavoti afakwa kahle futhi abalwa kanjani. Eminye imithetho-mthetho kahulumeni iyala ukuhlelwa kwe-colot, ifuna ukuba abazobhapathizwa badwetshwe ngehhovisi ngendlela efanayo. Abanye bavumela ama-collet ephepha, imishini yokuvota ye-electal, noma zombili. Ukusetshenziswa kokuvota okusemthethweni kuyakhula, ngezinye izikhathi kudinga ukuvunyelwa okucacile kwemithetho-mthetho ngaphambi kokuba isetshenziswe. Ngokwezimo ezinjengoMaine, ukuvota okunelwe ngenqubo yomthetho-opera, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukuvota kwayo kusemthethweni ngaphansi komthetho-mthetho-mthetho.

Ukugunyazwa Nokuxabana

Imithetho-mthetho kahulumeni imisa izinqubo zokuqinisekisa imiphumela yokukhetha nokuxazulula izingxabano. Imithetho-mthetho eminingi imisa isikhathi okumelwe kubekwe ngaso imiphumela enzima futhi inikeze inqubo yemiphumela eyinselele ngokubala noma ngokunikeza i-litha. La malungiselelo abucayi okhethweni oluseduze, lapho ngisho nokuphambuka okuncane okungokwemiqondo kungathinta khona umphumela wokugcina. Ezinye izifundazwe, njengoTexas, zinolimi olusemthethweni olutusa indima yomphathi ekugunyazeni abavotisi be-presidenti, inqubo eye yahlolisiswa eminyakeni yamuva.

Indima YoMbuso Nezikhulu Zokukhetha Kwendawo

Umthetho - sisekelo woMbuso uchaza futhi ukuthi ubani onomthwalo wemfanelo wokumisa ukhetho nokumisa imithetho yokuvota. Ukwabiwa kwegunya phakathi kwezikhulu zikahulumeni nezomphakathi kungathinta yonke into kusukela ekubhalisweni kwevoti kuya ekuhloleni indawo.

Izimfihlo ZoMbuso Nezikhungo Zokukhetha

Ezifundazweni eziningi, unobhala wezwe uyisakhathi esikhulu sokhetho, kodwa ubukhulu begunya labo buyahlukahluka. Eminye imithetho-mthetho yombuso inikeza onobhala bemibuso ebanzi ukuba bafake imithetho ye-budult futhi bengamele ukuqondisa ukhetho, kuyilapho eminye ilinganisela indima yabo ekutholeni nasekuqinisekiseni imiphumela. Izifunda eziningi zinezindawo ezizimele zokukhetha, ezibunjwe yiqembu elihlukene, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lamaqembu anezigaba eziningi azimele. Lezi zibhodi zivame ukuma ngomthetho ngokomthetho, okusho ukuthi amandla azo angeshintshwa umthetho ovamile.

Isifunda NamaCester

Izikhulu zendawo zokukhetha − umabhalane wesifunda-kakhulu noma amabhodi okukhetha − anomthwalo wemfanelo wokuvota usuku lonke, kuhlanganise nokuvota, ukuvota, indawo yokuvota, nokubala. Umthetho-sisekelo woMbuso ngezinye izikhathi ufuna ukuba lezizikhulu zikhethwe kunokuba zimiswe, ziqinisekise ukuthi zizakulandisa kwendawo. Izinga lokuzimela elijabulelayo ngokuqondisa kwezwe liyindaba ephindaphindwayo emthethweni wokhetho, ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene nokungena kwe-colota kanye nomshini wokuvota.

Izimpikiswano Zesikhathi Esizayo Neziphendulo Zomthetho - sisekelo

Imithetho-mithetho kahulumeni ikhona, ilungiswe njalo ukuze ibonise inqubo eguquguqukayo nobuchwepheshe. Eminyakeni yamuva, izimpikiswano eziningana eziphambili ziye zagxila ekulungiseni umthetho-sisekelo kazwelonke ohlobene nokuvota.

Imithetho Yezincwadi

Izifundazwe eziningi zidinga abavoti ukuba banikeze izikhombi ezikhombayo, kodwa ukuqina kwalemithetho kuyahluka kakhulu. Eminye imithetho-mthetho kahulumeni igunyaza noma ifuna i-ID, kuyilapho eminye imane ithumelela isishayandlebe isishayamthetho. Impikiswano nge-ovota I-ID ivame ukuveza izimpikiswano ngomsizi wokhetho ngokumelene nokucindezelwa komvoti. Ngokwe-National Conference of State Legislatures, njengango-2024, amazwe angu-36 anemithetho ye-ovota ye-ID esebenzayo, ngokufuna ama-ID esithombe. Imithetho-mthetho yoMbuso ingabuye ifakwe noma ibekelwe imibandela efuna ukuba yandise noma imingcele yezimfuneko, njengoba kwenza u-volust kwezinye izindawo.

Ukusakaza Iposi Kusemncane Futhi Kuseneposini

Umqedazwe we-COVOVAD-19 washeshisa ukumukelwa kokhetho lokuqala nokuvota ngeposi, kodwa uhlelo olungokomthetho lwalezi zindlela luyahluka. Ezinye izinqumo zikahulumeni zigunyaza ngokuqondile ukuthi akunakuvota ngeposi, kuyilapho ezinye zivimbela ukuvota okungekhoyo ezigabani ezithile zabavoti. Ezizweni ezinjenge Colorado, i-Oregon, ne Washington, ukuvota ngeposi kuvamile, futhi amalungiselelo omthetho-sisekelo atoliwe ukukusekela. Amanye amazwe adinga izaba, njengokugula noma ukungahoxi okuvela kwezwe ngoSuku lokhetho lwe-Evolution. Imizamo yokwandisa noma ukuvota izivumelwano zokuvota izicelo ngokuvamile idinga ukuncitshiswa komthetho-mthetho-mthetho-siseko, njengoba umthetho ovamile ungashaywa uma kungqubuzana nolimi olusemthethweni.

Ukubhalisa i Voter okuzenzakalelayo

Izifundazwe ezingaphezu kwama-20 manje zinemvume yokuvota okuzenzekelayo (AVR), ezibhalisa izakhamuzi ezifanelekelayo lapho zisebenzelana nemoto noma nezinye izinhlangano zikahulumeni. Ezinye izifundazwe ziye zagunyaza i-AVR ngokulungisa umthetho-mthetho, kuyilapho ezinye ziye zayisebenzisa ngomthetho-mthetho. Isisekelo somthetho-sisekelo se-AVR sisegunyeni likahulumeni ukugunyaza izinqubo zokubhalisa. Abaphikisi ngezinye izikhathi baphikisa ngokuthi i-AVR iphula amalungiselelo omthetho ofuna ukubhaliswa ngokuzithandela, kodwa izinkantolo ziye zayisekela njengemithetho enengqondo yenqubo yokhetho.

Ukuqhathanisa Ukufinyelela Komthetho - sisekelo KaHulumeni

Awukho umthetho - sisekelo wezwe osingatha ukuvota nokhetho ngendlela efanayo, kodwa kuba nezindlela ezibanzi lapho kuqhathaniswa.

Izwe elinezimboni Zokhetho Eziningi

Ezinye izifundazwe, njenge California ne New York, zinemikhankaso ebanzi yomthetho-sisekelo ehlanganisa yonke into kusukela ezinqulweni zokuvota kuya ezimisweni zokuhlela nokufaka iziqinisekiso zokhetho. Lezi zisekelo ezinemininingwane zinikeza isivikelo esiqinile samalungelo okuvota kodwa zingaba neziqinile, okwenza kube nzima ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha ngaphandle kokulungisa umthetho-sisekelo. Lamazwe athambekele ekubeni nomvoti ophakeme futhi nezimpikiswano ezimbalwa kakhulu ngezindawo zokuvota.

I - United States Enolimi Oluncane Lokukhetha

Ezinye izifundazwe, njenge Nevada ne-South Dakota, zinelungiselelo elimfushane lomthetho-sisekelo kukhetho, zinikeza isishaya-mthetho imininingwane eminingi. Lendlela inikeza ukuvumelana, ivumela imithetho yokukhetha ishintshwe kalula kakhulu ekusabeleni ezimweni ezishintshayo. Nokho, ingashiya izikhulu ezivotayo nezikhethayo zingaqiniseki kakhulu ngamalungelo azo. Kulezi zifunda, imithetho yokukhetha isengozini kakhulu yokushintsha kwesigaba sezwe.

Ikusasa Lokupha Amalungelo Ombuso

Umthetho - sisekelo woMbuso uzoqhubeka uwumkhakha oyinhloko wezimpikiswano mayelana namalungelo okuvota nobuqotho bokhetho.

Izimo Ezinguqulweni Zomthetho - sisekelo

Abavoti basebenzisa ngokuqhubekayo inqubo yokuthatha isinyathelo kuqala ukuze bafake imithetho-siseko kahulumeni ezindabeni zokuvota. Izindlela zamuva nje ziye zamisa i-odanti yokuvota ezimele, ukuvota okuzimele, nokuvota okusemthethweni. Lezi zinguquko zivame ukudlula izishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni, zibonise isifiso somphakathi sokulawula imithetho yokukhetha ngokuqondisene. I-Brennan Center for Justice iphawula ukuthi ukulungisa komthetho-mzimo-siseko kunganikeza isivikelo esiqinile kunomthetho wemithetho yemithetho yezomthetho ngoba kunzima ukubuyisela.

Umphumela Wokumangalelwa

Izinkantolo zikahulumeni ziya zisebenza kakhulu ekuchazeni isiqinisekiso sokuvota somthetho-mthetho, ngokuvamile zifinyelela iziphetho ezihlukene kunezinkantolo zikahulumeni. Ngokungekho kwesivikelo esiqinile sikahulumeni, izinkantolo eziphezulu zibhekwa ngokukhula njengabameleli abakhulu bamalungelo okuvota phakathi kwezindawo zabo. Lokhu kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokumiswa komthetho womthetho wokuvota ukuze kumiswe izinkantolo eziphezulu nesidingo sokuba abameleli abasemthethweni bahlukaniswe kahle emthethweni wezwe.

Ukuqonda lokho okushiwo imithetho-sisekelo kahulumeni ngokuvota nokhetho akuyona nje indlela yemfundo. Kubalulekile kunoma ubani ovota, osekela amalungelo okuvota, noma omane afune ukuhlanganyela ngolwazi enqubeni yentando yeningi. Njengoba ukushintshwa kwezindawo, imithetho-mthetho yezwe izohlala iqinile kumthetho wokukhetha waseMelika (* diverversever, ediver, nelandela ngokujule kakhulu.