Imali exhaswa isikole ingenye yezihloko ezilandelanayo kakhulu kodwa ezingaqondwa kakhulu eMelika. Amadollar ageleza angena esifundeni sesikole sendawo anquma yonke kusukela kumaholo othisha nobukhulu bekilasi kuya ekutholakaleni kwezifundo eziphambili, izinhlelo zobuciko, nabeluleki besikole. Kubazali, othisha, namalungu omphakathi, ukuqonda indlela izimali zesikole ezisebenza ngayo emphakathini wakho kubalulekile ekubekeni abaholi futhi basekele zonke izinto ezifanele. Lesi sihloko sichaza imithombo eyinhloko yemali yesikole, indlela leyo mithombo yemfundo eklama ngayo izinselele eziqhubekayo zemfundo, izinselele eziqhubekayo ezibangela ukungafaneleki, kanye nezinyathelo zikakhonkolo ongathatha ngazo ithonya ekusekeleni izinqumo zokuxhasa imali emphakathini wakho.

Ukuqonda Ukuxhasa Isikole: Isisekelo

Ukuxhasa ngemali yesikole akuyona inhlansi eyodwa yemali; kuyisimiso esinemiphetho esivela kuhulumeni, umbuso, nasezindaweni. Ukuxubana kwale mithombo kuyahluka kakhulu ngokwesifundazwe nangesifunda esisezweni elifanayo. Emiphakathini eminingi, intela yempahla yendawo inikeza ingxenye enkulu kakhulu, kanti kwezinye izimali zikahulumeni zibusa. Ukuqonda lesi sakhiwo kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuqaphela ukuthi kungani ezinye izikole zinezindawo ezinamagumbi okuhlola kanye nezinye zizama ukulungisa uphahla oluvuzayo.

Izifunda eziningi zisebenzisa indlela yokuthola [ ukuze zibale ukuthi imali engakanani okufanele itholelwe isifunda ngasinye. Lendlela iqala ngesisekelo sesilinganiso ngasinye se-paupil bese ilungisa izimo ezinjengobumpofu babafundi, isimo somfundi wesiNgisi, nobukhulu besifunda. Ezinye izifunda zisebenzisa futhi indlela elinganayo-amandla [[[ ezama ukulinganisa ikhono lezifunda ezicebile nezimpofu ukunyusa inzuzo yendawo. Ngokuvamile ukuyinkimbinkimbi kwalezi zinqubo kwenza kube nzima kubantu ukubona ukuthi imali isukaphi futhi isukaphi.

Isizathu Sokuba Kuxhaswe Ukungalingani

Ukucwaninga okuqhubekayo kubonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwemali esetshenziswayo esikoleni kuholela emiphumeleni engcono yabafundi, ikakhulukazi kubafundi abahola imali ephansi. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ukwanda kweshumi% ekusebenziseni imali ngeminyaka yesikole kuhlobene nezilinganiso eziphezulu, amazinga okuthweswa iziqu aphakeme, nemali ekhuphuka kakhulu. Okuphambene nalokho kuyiqiniso futhi: uma izimali zincishiswa, ukuphumelela kwabafundi kuyaphazamiseka. Emiphakathini lapho izimali ziboshelwa kakhulu emfuyweni yendawo, izingane ezisezindaweni eziphansi ziqala ngokungabi namali ekwakheni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Imithombo Yezimali Zesikole: Ukuhlolisisa

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi izikole zomphakathi wakho zixhaswa kanjani ngokwezimali, kuyasiza ukuhlola imithombo emithathu eyinhloko yemali nendlela ngayinye enengxenye ngayo emalini ephelele.

Ukuxhasa Ngezimali

Nakuba uhulumeni kahulumeni unikeza cishe amaphesenti angu-8 kuya ku-10% engqikithini yemfundo e-K-E States, lawomadollar ahloselwe abantu abathile kanye nezinto eziza kuqala. Uhlelo olukhulu kakhulu lukahulumeni luthi iTitle I, ingxenye yoMthetho we-Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESA), onikeza izimali ezikoleni ezinezelwe ezinabafundi abavela emikhayeni ephansi. Imali yami ihloselwe ukuvala izikhala zempumelelo ngokusekela imfundo eyengeziwe, ukusekela ukufundisa, ukufikisa abazali, nokuthuthukisa kobuchwepheshe kothisha.

Olunye uhlelo oluyinhloko lukahulumeni luyi- Incasels edinga umthetho wezemfundo (IDEA), enikeza izimali ukuze kusizwe kukhokhelwe izindleko zezinkonzo ezikhethekile zokufundisa. Izimali ezikhokhwayo zemfundo ekhethekile, ukwelapha, ubuchwepheshe obusizayo, kanye nezinye inkxaso ezifunwa umthetho wezwe. Abagxeki kudala baveza ukuthi uhulumeni akakaze axhase i-IDEA ngokugcwele ngokwezinga eligunyaziwe, ashiya umbuso nezifunda zendawo ukuba athele ingxenye enkulu yezindleko zemfundo ezikhethekile kunesithembiso somthetho wokuqala.

Ezinye imithombo kahulumeni zihlanganisa i-Career ne-Technical Education (CTE) iyanika, i-School profection Grants[ yezikole eziphansi, nezinhlelo zokuncintisana ezinjenge- I-Information and Research (EIRC) uhlelo [. Nakuba i-authodian $5] incane kakhulu ku-aglegate, ngokuvamile isebenza njengezintambo zezikole ezisiza abafundi abasengozini kakhulu.

Ukuxhasa Kwezwe

Ohulumeni bakahulumeni bawumgogodla wezimali zesikole ezifundazweni eziningi, ngokuvamile benikela phakathi kwa 45% no-55% yemali egcwele. Ukuxhasa kwezwe ngokuyinhloko kuvela ezintelani zemali ezidonswayo, ezintela zentengo, nezinye izikweleti zezinga eliphansi likahulumeni. Indlela uhulumeni osakaza ngayo lemali inganciphisa noma yandise amagebe abangelwa ukuhlukaniswa kwentela yendawo.

Izwe lisebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokwabela usizo lwemfundo. Ezinye izifunda zisebenzisa imali eshisiwe ngemali enikezwa , enikeza isifunda ngasinye imali efanayo ngomfundi kungakhathaliseki ingcebo yendawo. Abanye basebenzisa [ izindlela ezilinganayo[ ezinikeza imali eyengeziwe ezindaweni ezinenani eliphansi lempahla noma ukukhushulelwa okukhulu kobumpofu. Izindlela eziningi ezithuthukayo zihlanganisa ushintsho [[ ushintsho lwezicingo zezindawo ezihlukene zemisebenzi, izithutho, zidinga, nenani lokuhambisa imfundo ezindaweni zasemaphandleni noma eziphezulu.

Izibonelo Zokwehluka Kombuso

Ngokombiko ka 2022 we-Foursure Trust, usho njengo- California, Minnesota, kanye ne-New Jersey zinezimiso zezimali eziqondisa amadola ezindawo eziphakeme ezimpofu kunasezindaweni eziphansi kakhulu. Ngokungafani, zihlanganisa naka-Arizona, Nevada, kanye nePennsylvania empeleni zinikeza imali encincane kakhulu ezindaweni zazo eziswele kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi izinhlelo zazo zehluleka ukumelana nemiphumela yempahla encitshiswe intela. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi umthetho wezingane ezihambayo uyakwazi ukunquma izinga lemfundo yemfundo yazo.

Ukuxhasa Kwendawo

Imali yendawo, cishe njalo ethathwa ezintelani zempahla, iyingxenye yesithathu enkulu yendida engokwezimali. Iminikelo yendawo isukela ku-10% emigatsheni elingana nemizamo enamandla edlula kumashumi ama-60% emiphakathini yendawo. Ngenxa yokuthi izakhiwo zezindawo zihluka kakhulu ezindaweni ezicebile, izifunda zinganyusa imali eningi kakhulu kumfundi ngamunye onesilinganiso esiphansi sentela kunasezifundani ezimpofu ngesilinganiso esiphakeme sentela.

Lokhu kuncika ezintela zempahla kudala lokho abacwaningi abakubiza ngokuthi “ukungalingani okungalingani” kwezemfundo [1] igama elaqanjwa ngumbhali wezemfundo uJonathan Kozol. Ngokwesibonelo, emadolobheni acebile, umninikhaya angakhokha intela engu-1,2% engenisa iR1,000 kumfundi ngamunye, kanti edolobhaneni eliphakathi umnini wekhaya angakhokha isilinganiso esingu-1.8% kuphela seR3,000 kuphela kumfundi ngenxa yokuthi inzuzo yempahla iyonke iphansi kakhulu.

Isisekelo Sentela Nomzamo Wentela

Imiqondo emibili eyisihluthulelo ekuxhaseni imali endaweni i- isisekelo sentela. Isifunda esinesisekelo sentela esingakhipha inzuzo enkulu ngomzamo ophansi, kuyilapho isifunda esinentela ephansi kumelwe sikhokhe intela ngokwesilinganiso esikhulu ukufinyelela inani elifana nelekhokhi. Izimo eziningi ziye zazama ukulinganisela lentela ngemiphakethe ekhuphukayo [FLT]] engenisa imali eningi kakhulu ngomzamo ophansi, kanti isifunda esinentela ephansi kumelwe sikhokhe intela ngokwaso ngokwesilinganiso esikhulu kakhulu ukuze sifinyelele isibalo esifana nesinye se-payipile. Imali eningi iye yazama ukukhipha le mithetho ngemigomo engokomthetho [[FLT] [FLD] [FFFF:5] engenisa imali eningi kakhulu ephumayo futhi engenisa kakhulu eyaziwa kakhulu] njengendlela eyaziwa kakhulu "i-Hoob" eyaziwa kakhulu ngokwezinkinga ezingokomthetho ze-'ekhodioke.

Iminikelo Neminikelo

Ngalé kwemithombo emithathu eyinhloko, izikole eziningi zincike futhi ezineziphakamiso eziwuphawu oluphakeme kanye neziphakamiso zikahulumeni zokuncintisana kanye neminikelo yokwamukelwa kwangasese kanye kanye nesisekelo sesisekelo sesisekelo. Nokho, le mithombo ngokuvamile ixhomekeka ngokungaqondakali futhi ithambekele ekuthutheleni ezikoleni ezinezisebenzi namakhono okubhala iziphakamiso. Iminikelo yomzali nothisha (PTAs) kanye neziseko zemfundo yendawo zinganezela ekuhleleni uhambo lwasemasimini, izinhlelo zobuchwepheshe, nezokudweba, kodwa nazo zigcwele ezifundeni ezicebile. Ukuhlola kwezemfundo kwathola ukuthi izikole ezikhonza abafundi abaningi abamhlophe nabacebile zikhushume ngaphezu kuka-R34 (R34) phakathi nemali ephumayo ezikoleni ezisesikoleni ezisebenza kakhulu, lapho abafundi abambalwa abafunda abaphakanyiswe khona nje kuphela.

Indlela Ukuxhasa Isikole Okuyithinta Ngayo Imfundo

Imali etholwa yisikole ishintshela ngokuqondile ezinjukwini ezikhona kubafundi nakothisha. Nakuba kungenzeka ukusebenzisa imali ngokungaphumeleli, amashumi eminyaka okucwaninga kubonisa ukuthi imali eyanele nengaguquguquki ayidingekile, futhi ayidingeki.

Abaqashi Nomkhohlisi Othisha

Imali yesikole isetshenziswa kakhulu; cishe amaphesenti angu-80 ezindleko zokusebenza aholela emaholo nasezinzuzoni. Izifunda zinganikeza amaholo okuncintisana ukuze zikhange futhi zigcine othisha abanolwazi, kuyilapho izikole eziphansi kakhulu zivame ukulwa nezinga lokushintsha okukhulu futhi kumelwe ziqashe izisebenzi ezingenalwazi. izinga lobuthisha liyimfanelo eyodwa ebaluleke kakhulu ekhondweni lesikole yempumelelo yomfundi [, okwenza ukuncintisana kube yindaba ebucayi.

Isayizi yama_sayizi

Ikilasi elincane livumela othisha ukuba banikeze imfundo engcono kakhulu, ikakhulukazi emakilasini okuqala. Ucwaningo lwe-Tennessee Students Revetive Ratio (STAR) lubonise ukuthi abafundi ababelwe emakilasini amancane enkulisa kuya emakilasini esithathu baphumelela ontanga yabo ekuhlolweni okuvamile futhi basengozini kakhulu yokuya ekolishi. Kodwa amakilasi amancane adinga ukuqasha othisha abengeziwe, okubiza imali. Izifunda ezingaphansi kwe-Tennessee Provectorive Regate (STATE) ngokuvamile ziphoqelelwa ukwandisa amakilasi, ikakhulukazi phakathi nebanga eliphansi lemali.

Iminikelo Yezifundo

Ukuxhasa kunquma ukuthi isikole sinikeza izifundo eziningi noma ezincane. Izifundazwe ze-Afluent zinikeza izifundo eziphambili (AP), izinhlelo ze International Baccalaua (IB), izilimi zezwe, umculo, nobuciko. Izikole ezikhokhelwayo eziphansi zinganikeza kuphela izifundo eziyisisekelo ezidingekayo esiNgisini, ezibaloni, esayensini, nasebuthweni. [[FLT: 0] [Opportity idestrobes[ empahleni yeminikelo ekuqaleni kwezekhodio.[ezinye izikole eziphambili zolwazi oluphezulu zenzakalelayo zintula umculo onikezelwe noma abafundisi bobuciko, kuyilapho izikole ezicebile zinesikhathi esiphelele nohlelo olucebile lwezivotiwe.

Izinhlelo Zesikole

Imidlalo, ama-club, nezinhlelo zangemva kwesikole azicebi nje kuphela; zigcina abafundi bethembise ukuthuthukisa okubalulekile kwezenhlalo nangokomzwelo. Kodwa lezinhlelo zixhomeke ekusekeleni imali yabaqeqeshi, izinto zokuhamba, nezinto zokusebenza. Ezifundeni eziningi ezingathandeki, abafundi kumelwe bakhokhe [“ ukukhokhela ukudlala” [ izindleko ukuze nje bahlangane neqembu noma iqembu, babangele isithiyo semindeni ephansi.

Izindawo Nobuchwepheshe

Izakhiwo zesikole ziwuphawu olubonakalayo lokuxhasa ukukhokha ulwazi. Izikole ezisezindaweni ezicebile zinezindawo zokucwaninga zanamuhla, amakilasi athokomele, nobuchwepheshe obuzihambelayo. Ezifundeni ezimpofu, abafundi bangafunda emakilasini agcwele abantu abasebenzisa izincwadi eziphelelwe yisikhathi kanye nokungena ngo-inthanethi engathembekile. Umbiko ka-2020 ku-Hulumeni Arekhol Accomplication. Ihhovisi lika-U.U.S. lithole ukuthi 54% wezifunda zesikole zomphakathi zidinga ukuvuselela noma ukuthatha indawo yezimiso zokwakha eziningi.

Izinselele Ekusekeleni Isikole

Ngisho noma imali echithwayo iphelele, izimiso zesikole zokuxhasa ngemali zibhekana nezinselele zokwakha ezibangela nokuqhubeka kokungalingani.

Ukusekela Umehluko Phakathi Kwezigodi Ezicebile Neziphansi

Igebe elichithwa phakathi kwezindawo eziphezulu kakhulu neziphansi kakhulu lihlala lilikhulu ezifundazweni eziningi. Ngokwe- i-Law Center ye-“Isikole iFunding Fair?” Umbiko, izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu zikhona ezizweni ezinjengePennsylvania, lapho izifunda eziphezulu kakhulu ezisanti zithola khona cishe u-33% ngenyanga eyodwa kunezifunda eziphansi kakhulu ngemva kokulungisa izidingo zomfundi. Ngokwehlukana, njengase-New Jersey naseMassachusetts zinikeza izimali ezinkulu kakhulu ezifundeni eziphezulu, ngenxa yezindlela zesifunda sezwe esithuthukayo.

Ukuncika Ezintela Zempahla Zasendaweni

Ukuthembela ezintela zendawo kwenza kube nokungabi nabulungisa okukhulu okungakenzeki izinselele ezingokomthetho. Kusukela icala lobuPristi eliyingqopha - mlando eCalifornia ngo- 1971, izinkantolo ezisezifundazweni eziningi ziye zanquma ukuthi izimiso zokuxhasa imali kumelwe zingalingani. Nakuba kunjalo ngisho nalapho izindlela zikahulumeni zilungiswa, imali yendawo ngokuvamile igeleza ngezindlela ezilula ukulinganisela izakhiwo, kuyilapho izifundazwe ezimpofu zilwa kanzima ukuhlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo.

Ukunqamuka Kohlelo Lokusetshenziswa Kwemali Phakathi Nezinguquko Zezomnotho

Imali exhaswa esikoleni izwela kakhulu emijikelezweni yezomnotho. Uma ukuntengantenga kwezomnotho, ukuncipha kwemali kahulumeni, futhi izikole zivame ukubhekana nokuncishiswa kwemali ngokungalindelekile njengoba nje isidingo sezinkonzo (njengesikhalo sasemini, sokweluleka, nokunakekela impilo) sikhula. Umqedazwe weCHOVAD-19 wabangela ukugawulwa okukhulu emazweni amaningi, nakuba uhulumeni unciphisa amadolanti okwesikhashana. Lemijikelezo esheshayo nebhucunga] yenza ukuhlelwa kwezikhathi ezinde kube nzima [[ futhi ngokungenakuqhathaniswa izifunda ezinezindawo ezinamaqoqo alinganiselwe.

Ukunganele Kwemali Yemfundo Ekhethekile

Imfundo ekhethekile iwumyalo kahulumeni, kodwa njengoba kuphawulwe ngaphambili, ingxenye engokomthetho yezimali ze-IDEA iye yancipha kakhulu ngokomlando kumashumi amane namashumi amahlanu ayizikhombane ezagunyazwa uMkhandlu ekuqaleni. Lezi zifunda nezifunda ukuze kusibekele igebe, futhi izindleko zezinkonzo ezikhethekile zingaphinda kabili izinga lemfundo evamile. Uma isifunda sinesilinganiso esiphakeme sabafundi abakhubazekile, imali esetshenziswa njalo incipha kakhulu, ngokuvamile iphoqelela ukuncishwa kwezinye izindawo.

Izinselele Zezombangazwe Nezomthetho

Izimali zesikole zingokwamandla ezombangazwe ngokwemvelo. Abakhokhi bentela ngokuvamile bayamelana nokwanda kwentela yempahla noma intela yemali kahulumeni, ngisho nalapho izikole zingavunyelwe. Okwamanje, amabhodi ezikole kumelwe axoxe ngezinto eziza kuqala − /imishini, izinhlelo, izakhiwo, nezindawo ezigciniwe. Izishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni zisemkhankasweni wokuthola inzuzo evela ezifundeni ezicebile ezifuna ukugcina imali yazo yasendaweni kanye nakubafundisi abasekela ukuxhaswa kwezimali ezizweni eziningi. Imithetho yokuxhasa ukuxhaswa kwemali ngokulingana nokungaguquguquki kwemithetho iye yagcinwa ezindaweni eziningi, kanye nemiphumela exubile; ezinye izinkantolo ziye zaphoqelela izinguquko ezinkulu, kuyilapho ezinye ziye zalalela isahlulelo somthetho.

Ukusekela Isikole Emphakathini Wakini

Ukushintsha kwezinga lendawo kungenzeka uma amalungu omphakathi eqonda isimiso futhi ehlela ngokuphumelelayo. Nawa amasu aqinile okuba umsekeli ophumelelayo.

Hlanganyela Namabhodi Esikole Sasendaweni Yakho

Amalungu ebhodi lesikole akhethwa agunyaza ukuhlelwa kwemali, ahlela amazinga entela, futhi enze izinqumo ezithintela. Ukuya njalo emihlanganweni yesikole kungenye yezindlela ezinamandla kakhulu zokuhlala unolwazi futhi uzwe. Ungabukeza imibhalo yokuhlelwa kwemali ngaphambi kwemihlangano, ubuze imibuzo mayelana nokuxhasa imali ephambili, kanye nezwi lezinhlelo ozidingayo. Amakomiti amaningi esikole abamba futhi amakhasethi okuzwa [[] lapho umphakathi unganikeza khona umkhakha wezindaba phambi kwevoti yokugcina.

Yiba Nemihlangano Yomphakathi NamaHholo Omdolobha

Izigodi zesikole kanye nezindikimba zikahulumeni wendawo ngokuvamile zingenisa izikhungo zomphakathi ukuze zixoxe ngezimali, izilinganiso zesibopho, kanye namasuntswana ahleliwe. Ukuboniswa kulemihlangano kubonisa ukuthi imfundo ixhasa izindaba emphakathini. Ezizweni eziningi, izinqumo eziphathelene nokuxhaswa kwemali yesikole azenzeki ezingeni lesifunda kodwa ezindlini zikahulumeni, okusho ukuthi ukuya emahholo edolobha endawo angeniswe abashaya umthetho kubaluleke ngokufanayo. Buza ummeleli wezwe lakho noma umsizi wezwe ukuthi bavotela kanjani ezikweletini zemfundo nokuthi ziyini izikweleti zemali.

Ukusekela Abahloniphi Nezikhungo Zokusekela

Izifunda eziningi zicela abavoti ukuba bavumele ukukhokha izintela, izilinganiso zesibopho, noma ukunyuswa kwentela ukuze baphakamise imali yendawo. Lezi zinyathelo ngokuvamile ziyindlela yokusekela imali ngaphezu kwalokho okunikezwa yizwe. Ukukhokha lezi zinyathelo kusho ukuxoxa nomakhelwane, ukubhala izincwadi kumaphephandaba endawo, nokusebenza ngenkani namakomiti omkhankaso. Ukucwaninga kubonisa ukuthi ivota ihhoti ehholweni ngokuvamile iphansi, ukuze iqembu elincane, eligciniwe, lingaba nethonya elingcono.

Ukusebenzelana Nezinhlangano Zendawo

Amaqembu afundisayo (PTAs), izinyunyana zothisha, amaqembu alwela amalungelo omphakathi, nezinhlangano zomphakathi yizihlangene ezingokwemvelo ezikoleni ezixhasa ukuxhasa ubufundisi. Amaqembu anjenge I-Education Trust[ kanye [[FLT] ne[FLT] National Education Association (NEA) inikeza ukucwaninga, amathuluzi okungakha izikhungo, kanye nemininingwane yombuso engasiza abameleli bendawo ukuba benze ubufakazi obusekelwe. Ukuhlangana noma ukwenza i-amplmsss ziqinisa izwi lakho futhi zisakaza umsebenzi.

Sebenzisa Ukwaziswa Nokucwaninga Ukuze Ube Necala

I-National Center for Education Statistics (]], nezinhlangano ezingaphumeleli nzuzo ezixhasa izimali ezithathelwa phambili. Ngokwesibonelo, iSikhungo somthetho esivela emnyango wezwe, iveza umbiko waminyaka yonke wekhadi lezemfundo (PNCES)[FLT] [Purt] [inani le-alls]], nezinhlangano ezingafaki nzuzo ezithi zikwazi ukuxhasa imali. Ibonisa ukuthi izifunda zenu zilingana kanjani nabanye (kusetshenziswa kwemali ekhokhwakhwayo, uthisha, noma amazinga okuthweswa kwesikole] [[FLT]]] [ictive Center [icel]]] [isikhungo sokwenza ushintsho olunamandla [imininingwane] ezokuxhumana, imikhankani, nokunikeza ubufakazi obala imibiko obanziwa umphakathi.

Isiphetho

Ukuxhasa ngemali yesikole akuyona indaba yobuchwepheshe obungalawuleki; isisekelo lapho ikusasa lengane ngayinye lakhiwa khona. Ukuhluka kwemali ekhona kuyo yonke imiphakathi akunangozi . Kuwumphumela wamashumi eminyaka ezinqumo zenqubo, imikhuba yentela, nokuyekelela kwezezimali kwezezimali. Kodwa lezo zinqumo zingabuye zibuye zibuye zilungiswe. Njengelungu lomphakathi, unethuba nomthwalo wokuqonda isikole esixhasa isifunda, isifunda, isifunda nesifunda. Ngokuhlanganyela namabhodi esikoleni asekela intela, ukusekela amaqembu empakatho, nokusebenzisa ukwaziswa ukuqhuba izimpikiswano zakho, ungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi umfundi ngamunye, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-ziplogila, uyakwazi ukuzuza imfundo ephakeme. Ingxoxo iqala nawe.

I-National Center for statistic for statistics Isikhungo sezemfundo PNG [[[FLT]] Isikhungo somthetho wokwethula