Ukuchaza Amandla Kahulumeni

Umbuso kahulumeni, oyinhloko, ubhekisela egunyeni elingokomthetho lokwakha, ukuphoqelela, nokufushanisa imithetho yezakhamuzi endaweni echazwe. Leligunya alikho lodwa; lisuka ekuhlanganiseni kwemithombo eyinkimbinkimbi ehlukahlukayo ezimisweni zezombangazwe. Ekulawuleni kwemibuso yentando yeningi, imithombo eyinhloko ihlanganisa umthetho-sisekelo obhaliwe noma ongabhaliwe ohlanganisa ukubusa, imikhandlu yemithetho emisa imithetho, izinhlangano zezikhulu ezimisa imithetho, nezikhulu zezenkolo ezizimele ezichaza umthetho nezimpikiswano. Ekugcineni, umthombo wesisekelo wesisekelo esiyinhloko uhlanganisa ukuzimisela komphakathi ukuqaphela ukubusa, ngokuvamile okuvezwa ngokhetho nangokuhlanganyela emphakathini. Ngaphandle kwale mandla, kungahlanganisa ngokushesha ukuphoqelela ukubusa komphakathi.

Umbuso kahulumeni ubonakala eziqenjini eziningi: izifunda zendawo, isifundazwe, nesifundazwe, nezwe. Iqoqo ngalinye linemithwalo yemfanelo ehlukile, kusukela ekwakheni nasemuva kwezemfundo yomphakathi kuya ekuvikeleni izwe nenkambisweni yangaphandle. Ukusakaza amandla phakathi kwala mazinga . Ngokungafani, izimiso eziphambili zingadala umuzwa webanga phakathi komuntu nohulumeni emazweni amaningi, okunganciphisa ukuhlangana kwezezenhlalakahle. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ohulumeni bendawo benegunya elikhulu ezikoleni nasezweni, lapho izakhamuzi ziphethe amandla ashukumisayo futhi zikwazi ukuqondisa ngokuphumelela okukhulu imizamo yazo.

Ukuqonda Umthwalo Wemfanelo Wobunye

Umthwalo wemfanelo wesici uhlanganisa imisebenzi, izibopho, nezenzo zokuzithandela ezisekela umphakathi onempilo, obusa ngentando yeningi. Lemithwalo yemfanelo idlulela ngalé kokulalela umthetho; ihilela ukuhlanganyela ngentshiseko emphakathini ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla kahulumeni ahlala elandisa futhi esabela. Imisebenzi eyinhloko ihlanganisa:

  • Ukuvota kukhetho kuwo wonke amazinga kahulumeni, okuhlala kuyinqubo eqondile kakhulu yezakhamuzi ukuthonya inkambiso nobuholi.
  • Uhlala unolwazi [ ngezindaba zezombangazwe, umthetho ohlongozwayo, nezenzo zezikhulu ezikhethiwe ngemithombo ethembekile nangemithombo yezindaba ezizimele.
  • Ihlanganyela enkonzweni yomphakathi nomsebenzi ongakhi wokwanelisa izidingo zendawo futhi wakhe inhloko- dolobha yezenhlalakahle.
  • Ukusekela ubulungisa bezenhlalo] − kuhlanganisa izimpikiswano ezifana namalungelo alinganayo, isivikelo sendawo ezungezile, nokulunga kwezomnotho (ngobubhikisho obunokuthula, ukubhalela abameleli, noma ukujoyina amaqembu ombuso.
  • Ukukhonza kumajaji uma ebizwa, okuyisibopho esingokomthetho netshe lembombo lesimiso sobulungisa.

Lezizenzo zisiza ekuguquleni umqondo ongabonakali we-indease ube yithonya elibonakalayo. Uma izakhamuzi zifeza imithwalo yazo yemfanelo, aziwahloli nje kuphela amandla kahulumeni kodwa futhi ziwafaka ngokomthetho. Isazi sefilosofi sezombangazwe uHannah Arendt sathi ukuthembisana okunjalo okunamandla kwakha "isikhala somphakathi" lapho inkululeko ingachuma khona qha uma ixhomeke ekuhlanganyeleni kwabantu abavamile ngokuzithandela.

Umehluko Phakathi Kwamandla Kahulumeni Nemithwalo Yemfanelo

Ubuhlobo Obukhulu

Ubuhlobo phakathi kwegunya likahulumeni nomthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi buvumelana kakhulu. Ukubusa okuphumelelayo kukhuthaza ukubophana kwezakhamuzi, futhi ukubopha kwezakhamuzi ngekhono kubangela ukuba uhulumeni alandise. Cabangela isibonelo semihlangano yehholo yetown [. Uma uhulumeni enikeza izikhawu ezivamile, ezifinyelekayo ukuze kuvunywe imvume yezakhamuzi, kubonisa ukuthi ukufakwa komphakathi kuyaziswa. Lokhu kushukumisela izakhamuzi ukuba zihlale zifundile futhi zihlanganyele. Ngokuphambene, uma uhulumeni eshiywe eyisimanga noma ehlubileni, ukunganaki kwezakhamuzi ngokuvamile kulandela inguquko eyingozi engaqeda isimilo sentando yentando yeningi.

Imikhuba Ehambisana Nezimo

Ohulumeni bangakuhlela ngenkuthalo ukuthwala umthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi ngokukhetha izimiso. Ngokwesibonelo, bafuna imfundo ye-bivic ezikoleni zomphakathi]. Ukungathululi nje kuphela omakhenikha bakahulumeni kodwa nomlando wezinhlangano zomphakathi kanye nokubaluleka kokuhlanganyela nokungathathi hlangothi. Ngokufana, [[FLT:] kuvula izinqubo zokuvota [[[FLT:], ukuvota, nokuvota kwakuqala, kanye nomthetho weposi kunciphisa imingcele yokuhlanganyela nokuthumela umyalezo wokuvota olindelwe ukuba ukwenzeke. [[FLT:]

Izinhlangano Zomdlandla Namandla Ezinhlangano

Imidlalo iyabonakala futhi ekuvuleni kwezinhlangano . Kusukela kwi-Civil Rights Movement e-United States kuya ekubhikisheni kwe-pro-mocracy eHong Kong, izakhamuzi ezivamile ziye zasebenzisa inqubo ehlangeneyo ukubekela inselele noma amandla kahulumeni. Lezinhlangano zibonisa ukuthi umthwalo wesishayamthetho awuyona nje indlela yemisebenzi kodwa amandla asebenzayo angaphoqelela ohulumeni ukuba bashintshe. Uma izinhlelo zenhlangano zihluleka ukonakala, noma ukukhuthaza ulawulo lwe-athonsistion kuba yithuluzi elibalulekile lokugcina icala lentando yeningi. Lokhu kugcizelela ngamandla ukuthi amandla ezwe awasoze aphelele; kuhlala kungaphansi kokucindezela kombuso omphakathi.

Ukuhlola Icala Elingokomlando Nelanamuhla

I - Athene Yasendulo Nemisuka Ye - cobic Duty

Umqondo womthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi usukela emuva e-Athene yasendulo, lapho izakhamuzi kwakulindeleke ukuba zihlanganyele khona ngokuqondile emhlanganweni, zikhonze ehholo, futhi zibe nesikhundla somphakathi. Isazi - mlando esingumGreki uThucydides sabhala i-Pericles's Lilongwe, lapho umholi wase-Athene amemezela khona ukuthi "asisho ukuthi indoda engenasithakazelo kwezombangazwe iyindoda ecabanga ngebhizinisi layo; sithi ayinabhizinisi nakancane lapha." Lokhu kusikisela `ukungakhathaleli kungukwehluleka kwesabelo sesizwe [1] [i] iphilile emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka ngenkolelo yentando yeningi.

Izibonelo Zanamuhla: Ukukhetha Nokubuyisela Imali

Kuhulumeni ozimele wentando yeningi wesikhathi sinye, imidlalo isobala okhethweni abaphezulu kanye nama-arhente. Ngokwesibonelo, i-asteredum yase-2016 yokuthula yaseColombia, eyacela izakhamuzi ukuba zivumele noma zenqabe ukuthula okungokomlando okuphathelene nabavukeli beFARC, yabona umvoti ophendulwe kuphela kwabangu 37%, futhi "No" wawina ngokulasha. Abahlaziyi abaningi baphikisa ukuthi ukuchezuka nokuntula ukuqonda komphakathi ngekhono lokulungisa impumelelo yale miphumela. Ngokuphambene, u-20181818 ibhekisela elungelweni lokukhishwa kwezisu eIreland (R3%), futhi "No" waphumelela kakhulu. Abahlazi abaningi baphikisa ukuthi umkhankaso owenziwe ngotshani olunamandla nemfundo ebanzi. Umphumela wamukeleka kakhulu njengesibonelo esisemthethweni esingokomthetho salokhu kuveza ukuthi ukuphila okungancibilikiwenziwa nje ezindaweni ezikhona kodwa ezimele izakhamuzini zemisebenzi.

Izimbali Nezinhlayiya Eziluhlaza

Ubuhlobo buthatha isimilo esihlukile emibusweni yempoqo noma yemifantu exubile, lapho ukubusa kukahulumeni kugcwele khona umthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi nowomuntu ngokuvamile kuncishiswa noma kuncishiswa. Kulezo zimo, izakhamuzi zingabhekana nezijeziso zokuvota, ukubhikisha, noma ngisho nokufuna ukwaziswa. Nakuba ngaphansi kokucindezelwa, umthwalo womphakathi ungavela ngezindlela ezicashile: amaphephandaba angaphansi kombuso, ukumelana ngokuthula, noma ukubuswa komphakathi. Ukuvukela kwe-Arabhunland ngo-2011 kubonisa indlela ukuqhuma kwesibopho somphakathi ngenxa yokonakala nokungabekeli kwecala okungabekezelelwe. Imiphumela exubeneyo yalezo zibonise futhi indlela okunzima ngayo ukusekela ukubophana komphakathi lapho uhulumeni ukuzimisela ukukuqeda.

Izinselele Ebuhlotsheni

Ukunganaki Kwezombangazwe Nokunganeliseki

Inselele esakazeke kakhulu yiyo ukunganaki kwezombangazwe . Uma abantu benomuzwa wokuthi ukuvota kwabo akunandaba, ukuthi bobabili abantu bahlukene, noma ukuthi uhulumeni wonakele kakhulu noma ukude kakhulu ukuba angashintsha, bayahoxa. Lokhu kunganaki ngokuvamile kuyaqondakala ngokombono womuntu ngamunye ``ukuhlala unolwazi novota kungabonakala kukhulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nethonya elicatshangelwayo. Kodwa ukunganaki kwenza izithakazelo ezikhethekile, izikhulu, nezingamele, kanye nezinkampane ze-ocractao zizimisele kakhulu ukugcwalisa. isazi sezombangazwe sezombangazwe uCharry Diarymy sixwayise ukuthi "ureka ukwanda kolwazi" ngekhulu lama-21 kunyaka.

Ukonakala Nokusebenzisa Kabi Amandla

Inkohlakalo ilulaza ngokuqondile ukuthembana okusekela umthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi. Uma izakhamuzi zibona izikhulu zizicebisa noma ziphoqa imithetho kubangane nabanikeli, ziyagxeka ukuthatha isinyathelo. Ukugxambukela futhi kungalulaza izinhlangano: amaphoyisa athatha ukufumbathisa, izinkantolo ezisekela amandla, noma izikhulu zokukhetha ezibangela ukuba konke ukuncishiswa kwemithetho ye-pringi kuqede inkolelo yokuthi umbuso ungokomthetho. Emazweni anjenge-Brazil, amahlazo amakhulu anjenge-Octal Carhash ziye zaholela ekuphikiselweni kobukhoma futhi, intethele, ukuphelelwa ukuthemba kuzo zonke izigcawu zezombangazwe kwenza kube nzima ukuvuselela imingcele.

Izithiyo Zokuhlanganyela

Imingcele yezakhiwo [1] njengemithetho ye-' ethinta ngokungenakulinganiswa izakhamuzi ezincane, ezinciphisa amandla okuvota, noma [[[FLT:]] [[FLT]] [[FLT:]] [5] ezingxenyeni eziphansi kakhulu, [izakhamuzi eziningi ezifeza imisebenzi yazo yezakhamuzi.] Kwamanye amazwe, ukuvimbela ukuvota [[FLT:]] kuwenziwa ngamaphutha futhi kuhleleke. Kumanye, kuwumphumela we- braccumeticism ezindaweni eziphansi noma ngaphansi kokuhleleka.

Ukungatholi Ulwazi Nokwaziswa Okweqile

Indawo yanamuhla yokwaziswa iphakamisa inselele ekhethekile. I-Disformation `I-dilibery noma okungamanga noma okudukisayo okusakaze inzuzo yezombangazwe noma yezezimali] ingenza umthwalo womphakathi ungabi nakuvumelana namaqiniso ayisisekelo. Uma abantu bengeke bathembe imithombo engokomthetho noma imithombo emikhulu yezindaba, bangabalekela emagumbini okufaka izinkolelo ezikhona. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuqonda okudibeneyo okudingekayo empikiswaneni enempilo yomphakathi. Uhulumeni uzama ukulwa no-transportation kuhamba ngomugqa omuhle: isenzo esincane kakhulu sivumela ukuba kuchume; isandla esikhulu singasetshenziswa ekucindeni impikiswano esemthethweni.

Ukuthuthukisa Ubuhlobo Obuhle

Ukuqinisa Imfundo Yesibalo

Ukuphinda ufunde [[FLT: 0] ukufundisa ngenani elifana ne-bibic kungenye yamathuluzi anamandla kakhulu akhona. Lokhu kufanele kudlulele ngalé kokwaziswa okufundwayo kokuthi umlomo uba umthetho kanjani. Izinhlelo eziphumelelayo zifundisa abafundi ngokufunda nge [ ukubhalisa ]. [ukuhlola imithombo, ubandlululo, kanye nobala okuhlukanisa i-precionts , kanye nomlando wezokuhamba kwezenhlalo, amakhemikhalikha wezokulawula, nokubaluleka kokulawula kwendawo. Ukusebenza komdlala njengokhetho, izikhangiso, izigebengu zemisebenzi yomphakathi ethuthukisa ulwazi oluwusizo. Izinhlangano ezifana ne-CFFLT [FFF] CExentreeve yezeze yezemfundo, kanye nezinhlelo zezemfundo.[FFFFF]

Ukwandisa Iziteshi Ezihlanganyelayo

Ohulumeni kufanele bakhe izindlela eziningi, ezifinyelelekayo zokuhlanganyela. Lokhu akuhlanganisi nje kuphela ukuvota kodwa futhi nophawulo lukawonke-wonke [ ezimisweni ezihlongozweyo, ukuphakela uhlelo lwemali[[ lapho izakhamuzi zinquma khona ukuhlela ingxenye yemali yomphakathi, kanye [[FLT] ne [[FLT]] namabhodi e-active coption [ ezingxox] ezindabeni ezinjenge-polic, imfundo, nesimiso sendawo ezungezile. Izimiso ze-Estonia ze-evernation sy org sys (imvume yokubhalisa izimali zempilo, nehele lentela ngokunciphisa imingcele yezentengo-demo yeze.) kodwa kumelwe ukuba ziklanywe ngezindlela zengqondo noma ze-teccustom.

Ukwakha Ukubona Kahle Nokulandisa

Lapho izakhamuzi zibona lokho okwenziwa uhulumeni wazo, zivame ukukwethemba futhi zihlanganyele. zivula izinyathelo zikahulumeni zokuthatha isinyathelo . [Izikhundla ezikhuthaza izinkampani ukuba zibike ububi. [FLT:] Izivumelwano, amavoti, amavoti okuvota, nemishini yokusebenza kwezezinkampani. [[FLT:] [[FLT:]] [[FLT]] [FLT]] izikhuthazo zokuvikela zikhuthaza abangaphakathi ukuba babike ububi. [FLT] izindikimba ezizimele njenge iziququ zomthetho ezifaka imvume kulokhu, noma [[FLT] izikhonso:] izikhokhwa zokukha izikhathelisa izikhathelo [[FLT] nezinkulu] [FT] [FFF]]

Isenzo Esikhuthazayo Sokuzithandela

Umthwalo wemfanelo we-CUBIC awukho kuphela ngokuvota nezombangazwe; futhi uhlanganisa ukuvota, ukuhlela, nokusiza umphakathi. Ohulumeni bangakukhuthaza lokhu ngokuxhasa izinhlelo zenkonzo yesizwe njenge AmariCorps, ukunikeza izisusa zentela zeminikelo yokusiza abasweleyo, nokuqaphela izisebenzi zokuzithandela ezivelele. Izinhlangano zenkolo nezomphakathi zivame ukwenza indima eyinhloko ekubutheni izisebenzi zokuzithandela, kanye nokubambisana phakathi kohulumeni nalamaqembu kungandisa ithonya lazo. Uma izakhamuzi zibona ukuthi imizamo yazo yokuhlanza ipaki, ukufundisa izingane, noma ukuphakamisa ukuqapha ngemiphumela ephawulekayo, umuzwa wazo wezezobuchwepheshe, futhi zivame kakhulu ukuhlanganisa ezinye izinhlobo zokuphila.

Isiphetho

Ubuhlobo phakathi kwegunya likahulumeni nomthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi abusona isimo esiqinile kodwa ukuxoxa okuqhubekayo. Ngokungcono kakhulu, lobu budlelwane buveza idemokrasi ekwaziyo ukumelana nokuvumelana nobunye futhi ekwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga zomphakathi kuyilapho ihlonipha amalungelo abantu. Uma iwohloka, umphumela uba ukuqhekeka, isimo esingapheliyo, noma umphakathi lapho ukunganaki nokugxeka kuphumelela. Umsebenzi wabo bobabili abahlala ndawonye nabaholi ukuhlakulela izimo lapho lobudlelwano bungachuma khona: ukufundisa isizukulwane esilandelayo, ukususa izithiyo zokuhlanganyela, ukuqinisekisa ukubonakala, nokugubhabhisa iminikelo yalabo abakhuphuka. Njengomphakathi owezombangazwe uRobert. Umpondomathelela abantu [FLT:] [FLD: 0], umsebenzi wokuthuthukisa isilinganiso sesimiso sokubusa somphakathi uxhomeke emandleni angokwenhlalo nomphakathi.

ngokuphindaphindeneyo ufunde: Ukuze uthole ngokujule kakhulu lezihloko, bheka i- Encyclopedia yokungenisa ifilosofi edemokrasi[ kanye nokucwaninga kweNguquko ngokubopha kwezembulwano zomphakathi.