Umlando Nesivumelwano Esihle NgoLwesihlanu

I-Good Wearth Agreement (GFA), eyaziwa futhi ngokuthi i-Belfast Agreement, yasayinwa ngo-10 April 1998, okwaphawula inguquko ephawulekayo emlandweni we-Northern Ireland. Ukuhlangana kwamashumi eminyaka empi enobudlova eyaziwa ngokuthi iziMpi, i-Actine yamisa uhlelo olubanzi lokuzinza kwezombangazwe, amandla okubambisana, kanye nokuhlangana kwe-communimunity. Nakuba ukugxila komphakathi esikhathini esigxile ezimisweni zomthetho-mthetho kanye nokunqanda ukulwa kwempi, i-GFA futhi yafaka isibopho esijulile sokuvikela amalungelo abantu okuyo okuyo okuyo okuyo okuyokwakwakuphinde kuvikelwe i-Northern Ireland, indawo yezenhlalo. [FLD:] Umbhalo ogcwele wesivumelwano [FLDA:1] uhlanganisa ukuthula kwabantu ngabanye, umthetho owe-Gacin, nomthetho owe-gemgeqeqephuzo) nomthetho owe-geqekelwe-geqelelayo. [ipristristriprist]

Izingxoxo ezaholela kohulumeni baseBrithani nase-Ireland, kanye namaqembu amaningi ezombangazwe aseNyakatho Ireland. Okunye ukufezwa okuyinhloko kwakuyinkathi yokusungulwa kweSishaya - mthetho sase-Northern Ireland esinenhlangano yesivumelwano ehlangene emelela kokubili izinhlangano zobunyunyana nobuzwe. Lomklamo wenhlangano wawuhloselwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awukho umphakathi owodwa ongabusa. Nokho, abaklami beSivumelwano baqaphela ukuthi izakhiwo zezombangazwe kuphela azinakuqinisekisa ukuthula okuhlala njalo. Baqonda ukuthi ukubuyisana okuqinile kwakudinga isisekelo esiqinile samalungelo abantu sokukhuluma ngezikhalo ezingokomlando, ukuvikela amadlanzana, nokuthembana phakathi kwezindawo eziphikisanayo.

Amalungiselelo esivumelwano amalungelo abantu ayengazinzisi izibopho zangemva kokucabanga kodwa kwakuyinsika ephakathi. UStrand Onenye yeGFA (izinhlangano zentando yeningi) wahlanganisa izibopho zokuvikela nokulwela amalungelo abantu.” UStrand Wesithathu (Izinhlangano ze-Irithishi-Irish) waqinisa lezizibopho, kanye nokumiswa kwe-Novest Human Rights Commission (NHRC), kanye nokuvunyelwa kwethuba [i-FLD], kanye nokulingana kwesahluko kwabekwa izibophopho ezikhethekile. Lezi zihlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa kwesivumelwano se-Europe elungelweni (i-Hulumeni) ku-Humaniss (i-ENyakatho ye-Ireland) nomthetho oqinile, ukumiswa kwe-Nyakatho yeNhloko yomthetho (NHRC), kanye ne-bomu, ukumiswa kwe-bomumumu ye-Arrences) nomthetho owe-RRD, futhi kuveza ukumiswa kwesivumelwano.

Isakhelo Samalungelo Abantu Sifakwe Esivumelwaneni

Ukumiswa kwe - European Convention on Human Rights

Enye yentuthuko eshintsha kakhulu engokomthetho eyavela eGFA kwakuwukufakwa kwe-ECHR eMthethweni wasekhaya ngoMthetho we-Human Rights Act ka-1998, owasebenza eUnited Kingdom kodwa wawunokubaluleka okukhethekile eNyakatho Ireland. LoMthetho wenza ukuba abantu bakwazi ukuletha iziphakamiso zamalungelo abantu ezinkantolo zendawo kunokuba bakhiphe amakhambi esizwe ngaphambi kokuba basebenzise iNkantolo yamalungelo abantu eStrasbourg. Lokhu kwanika izakhamuzi amandla okubekela inselele ukuphulwa kwamalungelo anjengamalungelo ekuphileni (Artle 2), ukunqatshelwa kokuhlushwa (Artle 3), ukubekwa kwecala elilungile (Artle), nenkululeko yokuveza izinkulumo (Artle) phambi komgwebi waseNyakatho ye-Ireland.

Kuyi-Northern Ireland, lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwanikezwa ifa elibaluleke kakhulu lobudlova bamazwe, imisebenzi yezempi, namaphoyisa okulawula izigwegwe phakathi neZinkathazo. Icala elihilela ukulwa kwempi, ukucindezelwa ngokweqile, nokuboshwa ngokungafanele manje lingase lichazwe emakhaya ngokubhekisa ezindinganisweni zomhlaba. I-NIHRC lisebenzise i-ECHR njengefa le-CR lapho kubukezwa umthetho futhi kusungulwa i-All. Isibopho esicacile se-Active e - ECH sisiza ukuba kuhlulwa amalungelo abantu ngokwezinga elivamile njengokucatshangelwa ekuhlelweni komthetho nakuqondisa umphakathi.

IKhomishane Yamalungelo Abantu Yasenyakatho Ye - Ireland

IGFA yayala ukuba kusungulwe iKhomishane yamaLungu e-Northern Ireland yamaLungelo abantu (NIHRC), eyamiswa ngo-1999. IKhomishane inendawo ebanzi yokuthuthukisa ukuqashelwa kwamalungelo abantu: ukubukeza imithetho ekhona, ukubukeza imithetho, ukululeka uhulumeni noMhlangano ngokulalela amalungelo abantu, nokungenela noma ukungenela ezimpikiswaneni ezingokomthetho. umsebenzi we-NIHRC [[ uye wasetshenziswa ekubekeni iziphathimandla zomphakathi ukuba zibe nesibopho sokuziphendulela, ukuphenya kwezindaba zezimiso, nokukhuthaza izisulu zokuxhashazwa kwamalungelo abantu.

Phakathi kwemiphumela yayo eyisihluthulelo, i-NIHRC iye yaveza iseluleko esiningiliziwe eSibonelweni samaLungelo esihlongozwayo sase-Northern Ireland, esizodlula ngalé kwe-ECHR ukuze sibhekane nezidingo ezithile zendawo. Njengendima ebalulekile ekulolongeni i-Mbali (i-Irish ne-Ulster-Scotts), amalungelo ezenhlalo nawezomnotho, namalungelo ezisulu. Nakuba i-Bill of Rights ingakagunyaziwa, iKhomisha yaqhubeka icindezela ukuba ithole i-ECHRC. I-NIHRC yafeza nendima ebalulekile ekulolongeni i-Menta Capaity Act (Nyakatho ye-Ireland) 2016 nakuhlola ukumiswa kwe-[FLT:] uMthetho we-Northern Ireland [[FLT:]] [[FLD]], owenqabela ubandlululo oluvela kuhulumeni.

Izinyathelo Zokulingana Nokumelana Nesimo

Enye insika eyinhloko yohlelo lwamalungelo abantu kwakuyisibopho sokulingana nethuba. Isivumelwano saholela ekuqinisweni kweKhomishane yokulingana yaseNyakatho Ireland, emisa umthetho ongokomthetho ophathelene nomsebenzi ongakhethi, ukulingana kwabesilisa, ukukhubazeka, uhlanga, kanye nokuqondisa kocansi. I-Fair Working and Treatment Order (1998) nemithetho eyalandela yakwenza kwaphulwa umthetho ukuba kucatshangwe ngezizathu zenkolelo engokwenkolo noma umbono wezombangazwe emsebenzini nangelungiselelo lemisebenzi. Lezi zinyathelo zazibalulekile ekulungiseni izimo ezingokomlando lapho amaKatolika ayebhekenezinkinga zezemisebenzi.

I-GFA futhi kwadingeka ukuba kwamukelwe “isibopho sokulingana” esisha ezikhulwini zomphakathi − ukuvuleka kwelungiselelo lokuphoqelela iminyango kahulumeni, imikhandlu yendawo, nezinye izindikimba ukuba zihlole ithonya lezimiso zazo ekulinganani kwethuba. Lomsebenzi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi uye wasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinjengezindlu, imfundo, nempilo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukucatshangelwa kwamalungelo abantu kugxile enqubweni yokushaya imithetho. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umthetho olinganayo eNyakatho Ireland uye wanweba ukuze uvikele i-LBGTQ, abantu abadala, nalabo abanemithwalo yemfanelo ekhathalelayo, ubonise umbono wokuqala weSivumeko womphakathi owakhiwe ngokuhlonipha nokuphathana.

Ithonya Esimisoni Sezomthetho SaseNyakatho Ireland Nomphakathi

Ukushintsha Kokuqondisa Kokwahlulela

Ukufakwa kwe-ECHR nokwakhiwa kwe-NIHRC kuye kwashintsha kakhulu indlela izinkantolo eNyakatho Ireland ezisebenza ngayo. Manje abaHluleli bawasebenzisa njalo amalungelo eNhlangano lapho bechaza imithetho futhi behlola izinqumo zokuphatha. Imithetho ye-Landmark iye yakhuluma ngokuqulwa kwamaphoyisa (umz., ukusingathwa kokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu e-Omagh), izinqubo ezidinga inqubo zokufa ezihlobene nempi, kanye nokuphatha iziboshwa. Ilungelo lokuphila ngaphansi kweSiphakamiso 2 liye laba liyinhloko ekukhipheni izahlulelo ezifuna ukuphenywa okuzimele kuqulwe yiziphetho zempi ezibangelwa amabutho ombuso.

Icala elilodwa eliqulwe njengecala kwakungu- ku-'McKer[FL:1] [2004] UKHL], lapho iNdlu yaBalawuli yasekela khona ukuthi iSiphakamiso sesibili sibeke isibopho sokuhlola ukufa okusolekayo, kuhlanganise nalokho okwenzeka ngaphambi koMthetho Welungelo Lomuntu. Lesi sinqumo saba nemiphumela ejulile ngefa leNkanto enzima, okuholela ekubulaweni kwezehlakalo zezeko nemibuzo ephikisanayo. Muva nje, Joryan Vhover [[FLT] Court:] [2007], iNkanto yeNyakatho yeSikhathi sokukhankatho se-Akhiso engokomthetho, ifaka usizo olungokomthetho lwezekwezinhloko ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi nezibucayi. Isinqumo somthetho samuva sisize ekuvinye ukuvinyeza ukuvinyaniswa kwecala futhi silungise inqubo yomthetho womthetho womthetho womthetho womthetho womthetho womthetho womthetho.

Imithetho Emelene Nobugebengu Nobudlova Behlelo

Nakuba i-GFA yaqeda imikhankaso emikhulu yezempi, ukungezwani kwamahlelo nobugebengu benzondo kusekhona izinkinga ezingapheli. I-Criminal Justice (No.2) (Nyakatho Ireland) UMthetho ka-2004 wasungula ukuvinjelwa okukhudlwana kwezenzo zobugebengu ezibangelwa ukuzondwa kwenkolo yomuntu, uhlanga, noma indlela abheka ngayo ubulili. I-International Edicife Directive futhi kamuva i-Northern Ireland (Izilungiselelo ze-Crimitual) Umthetho ka-2014 owengeziwe wesivikelo.

Izindlela ezisekelwe emphakathini njenge I-Crime Working Group icele umthetho obanzi ohlanganisa ubugebengu obunenzondo obungalawuleki kanye nokusekela okungcono izisulu. Nakuba intuthuko iye yahlanganisa, izisekelo zamalungelo abantu zeGFA ziye zanikeza isimiso esingokomthetho nesingokokuziphatha kulemizamo. Izinhlangano zomphakathi, ngokuvamile ezixhaswe yi-NIHRC noma i-PUM yezentengiselwano, ziyaqhubeka zihlola izenzakalo zenzondo nokusekela inguquko.

Intuthuko Emphakathini Ekukhipheni Izisu Nomshado Ongokobulili Obufanayo

Enye indawo lapho ifa le-GFA lamalungelo abantu liye laphikiswana khona kakhulu ukunwetshwa kwamalungelo okukhishwa kwezisu kanye nomshado oxubile eNyakatho Ireland. Iminyaka eminingi, i-Northern Ireland yayinemithetho yokukhipha izisu eqinile eYurophu, futhi ayizange ibeke umthetho ongokomthetho ofanayo kuze kube ngu-2020. Uhulumeni waseBrithani nabalweli bezentengiselwano zamalungelo abantu baphikisa ukuthi lemithetho evimbela ukukhishwa kwezisu (ISiphakamiso 8 ekuphileni kwangasese naseSiphakamiso 14 sokungabikho komthetho). I-NHRC namanye amaqembu aletha izinselele ezingokomthetho, futhi iNK eMnyango Ephakeme ku-[FLT: 0] iNyakatho ye-RD [iright Rights Comment of Justices [FFF1] U.U.U.U.U.U.U.U.U.U.U.U.2018 .S.S.S.A.S.S.S.A.S.A.A.I.A.A.I.A.R.R.A.R.R

Ngemva kokuwa kweSikhundla soBunye ngo-2017-2020, iPhalamende lase-UK langenela ukunwebela izinkonzo zokukhipha isisu kanye nokushada okungokobulili eNyakatho Ireland. Lezi zinguquko zathethelelwa ngokwengxenye ngokubhekisela ezivumelwaneni zamalungelo abantu ezibekwe eGFA. Nakuba umhlangano kamuva wavotela ngokumelene nezimiso zokukhishwa kwezisu, ukwakheka okungokomthetho kusekhona, kubonisa ukungezwani okuqhubekayo phakathi kokuncishiswa kwezisu kanye nokuvikelwa kwamalungelo ayisisekelo. Ilungiselelo le-GFA liye lasebenza kanjalo njengelinye ilungiselelo lokuguqula amalungelo abantu, ngisho nalapho ukuvumelana kwezombangazwe kungasekho.

Ukubukeka Kwamalungelo Abantu Kwezinselele Zangesikhathi Esidlule

IBrexit Nemithetho Yesivumelwano YeNI

Ukuhoxa kweUnited Kingdom eEuropean Union kuye kwaletha enye yezinselele ezibaluleke kakhulu ekwakhekeni kwamalungelo abantu okumiswe yi-GFA. [[FLT] i-Northern Ireland Protocol (manje iFrameswork) iklanyelwe ukugwema umngcele onzima esiqhingini sase-Ireland ngokugcina i-Northern Ireland ivumelana nemithetho ethile ye-EU, kuhlanganise namasiko nemithetho yezentengiselwano eyodwa. Nokho, i-Protocolo yenze futhi imisha ethinta amalungelo abantu.

Ukusuka kwe-UK kuyi-EU kusho ukuthi i-Chater of Fundamental Rights of the European Union ayisasebenzi eNyakatho Ireland. I-Chater yanikeza ezinye isivikelo ezindaweni ezinjengesivikelo sokwaziswa, amalungelo ezingane, nelungelo lokuthola ikhambi eliphumelelayo elidlula i-ECHR. Nakuba ukufakwa kwe-GFA i-ECHR kusekhona, ukulahlekelwa kweTchater kuye kwagxekwa izinhlangano ezilwela amalungelo abantu njengendlela yokululaza ukuvikelwa kwe-ECHR.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Protocol iye yaphinde yaqala ukuhlukana kwezombangazwe futhi yaholela ekuntengantengisweni kwezikhathi ezithile ezinhlanganweni eziphethe amandla. I-Democratic Unionnist Party (Dupu) iye yalahla isikhulu esiphethe ekubhikisheni amalungiselelo okuhweba ngemva kwe-Brreexit, iphikisa ngokuthi ilulaza indawo ye-Northern Ireland phakathi kwe-UK. Le mpi yezombangazwe iye yahlehlisa intuthuko yemithetho engokomthetho ezindabeni zamalungelo abantu, njengaleyo iSiglo seSikhulu samalungelo abantu esinesikhathi eside esibekwe i-ishicilo sefa. I-GFA’s tea yesakhiwo seze incike ngokuvumelana kwe-ephambazwe, futhi lapho lokho kubhidlika, ukumiswa kwezivumelwano zokulwela amalungelo abantu kuphazamisekile.

Ifa Lezinkinga Nokulandisa

Enye yezinselele zamalungelo abantu eziphikisana kakhulu ngemva kwe-GFA indlela yokusingatha ifa lezinkinga. Abantu abangaphezu kuka-3 600 babulawa phakathi nempi, futhi izinkulungwane ezengeziwe zalimala. IGFA yalungiselela ukukhululwa kwasekuqaleni kweziboshwa zempi kanye nezindlela ezisungulwe izisulu nabasindayo, kodwa yashiya imibuzo eminingi yokungaphenduleki. Eminyakeni yamuva, uhulumeni we-UK uye wazama ukumisa izimpikiswano ezingokwefa ezicini ezingokwendabuko − − iNyakatho yezinkinga ze-Ireland (iSihlupho ne-Reconciliation) uBill, eyayizonikeza ukuvinjelwa komngelwa kwamasosha angaphambili nawasempilweni yempini, kodwa yashiya imibuzo eminingi yokubambisana ne-Intependetion Commissionsion for Reconsttion and Information Reve Resolution.

Amaqembu alwela amalungelo abantu, i-NIHRC, neZizwe Ezihlangene ziye zalahla iBill njengengavumelani ne-ECHR, ikakhulukazi neSiphakamiso 2 (isokuhle ekuphileni) nemfuneko yokuphenya ngokuphumelelayo. Abaphikisi baphikisa ukuthi ukunikeza ukuvikelwa kwezifo kungalingana nokuxolelwa kobugebengu obungathi sína, ukwephula isibopho sikahulumeni sokubeka isibopho sabaphikisi esinecala. Lezi zizathu zivivinya ngokuqondile isithembiso seGFA (igama lempela,) ukuthi ukuthula ngeke kufike ngezindleko zobulungisa zezisulu. Isivumelwano sezombangazwe samanje esingaphezulu kukaBill siqokomisa ukuthi uNowenyakatho lwe-Ireland lusuke luyilungelo langempela lokubona intethe mbono yabantu ye-Actrition.

Ukuncipha Kokwethembana Ezinhlanganweni

Enye inselele yamanje ukuncishiswa kwethemba lomphakathi ezinhlanganweni zezombangazwe nezezomthetho. Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi abantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi intsha, bazizwa behlukile esimisweni sokulawula amandla kagesi. Ukuwa okuphindaphindiwe koMhlangano (kusukela ngo-2017-202020 kuya ngo-202) kuye kwalimaza ukuqiniseka ukuthi i-GFA ingakhipha ukubusa okuphumelelayo. Lokhu kudumazeka kungathinta ukugcinwa kwamalungelo abantu, njengoba izakhamuzi zingase zingabangenwa yizi neze inqubo yokukhononda kwezikhulu zezezikhulu noma zithembele esimisweni esingokomthetho sezokuzihlupha.

I-NIHRC iye yazama ukumelana nalokhu ngokwandisa ukufinyelela nemfundo, kuhlanganise nohlelo lokufundisa ngamalungelo abantu [ lwamaqembu ezikole namaqembu omphakathi. Nokho, iKhomishane ngokwayo ibhekene nezithiyo ezinika izimali nokucindezela kwezombangazwe, ilinganisela amandla ayo okusingatha konke ukuphulwa. Ukwehlukana okuqhubekayo kusho futhi ukuthi izinkulumo zamalungelo abantu zincishiswa ngezinye izikhathi, kanye nabasekeli besola i-NIHRC yobandlululo kanye nabagxeki besizwe ngenxa yokwehluleka ukuvikela isifundazwe. Lokhu kwenza imizamo yokuhlanganisa amalungelo abantu ingabi nakuhle.

Iziyalezo Nezinguquko Zesikhathi Esizayo

Isiqinisekiso Samalungelo ENyakatho Ireland

Esinye sezithembiso zeGFA ezingafezeki ukwakhiwa kweBhili lamaLungelo eNyakatho Ireland eyonezela i-ECHR ngesivikelo esengeziwe esivumelana nezimo zendawo. Iseluleko se-NIHRC sa 2008 sahlongoza isikweleti esihlanganisa amalungelo amaningi ezenhlalo nawezomnotho (impilo, indlu, imfundo), amalungelo angokwesiko (ulimi kanye nemininingwane) namalungelo ezisulu. Isicelo siye santengantenga ngokuphindaphindiwe ngenxa yokungavumelani kwezombangazwe, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokufakwa kwezimiso zezentengiselwano namalungelo ezenhlalo kanye nesikhundla solimi lwase-Ireland.

Izenzakalo zamuva nje zivuse isithakazelo eSivumelwaneni Samalungelo Abantu. “Iminyaka Emisha, Isivumelwano Esisha se-Approche-” sango-2020, esabuyisela umhlangano ngemva kweminyaka emithathu ye-hiatus, sabeka isikhulu sokumisa“ umthetho owethulayo ukuze kubekwe iBhill of Rights for Northern Ireland.” Nokho, intuthuko ibilokhu ihamba kancane phakathi kokuphikisana okuqhubekayo. Abaxhasi baphikisa ukuthi iBhill of Rights iyakuqinisa uhlelo olungokomthetho, inikeza ukucacisa ezindabeni ezincintisanayo njengesisu nefa, futhi basiza ekulungiseni ukwahlukana ngokwehlukana ngokweziqu zomphakathi ngokuqinisekisa amalungelo ayo yonke imiphakathi. Abagxeki besaba ukuthi ingavula umnyango ukuze kubekwe ngokukhulu kakhulu noma ukuhlobisa amalungelo abantu. Noma imuphi umphumela uveza ukufaneleka okuqhubekayo kwenkulumo - mpikiswano eqhubekayo.

Ukushintsha Kwefa Nokululama Kweqiniso

Ukuze bakhulume ngefa leNkingo, abasekeli abaningi bamalungelo abantu badinga inqubo yokulungisa iqiniso elibanzi ehlobana nezimiso zeGFA. I-Spontont House Audition ka-2014 yahlobisa uhlelo oluhlanganisa i-Independent Commission for Information Readaal, i-Oral History Archives, ne-Historical Investications Unit. Lemikhakha yayihloselwe ukunikeza isibopho sokulandisa, iqiniso, nobulungisa ezisuluni kuyilapho igwema ukuqulwa kwezombangazwe.

Ifaksi eliyimpikiswano yezombangazwe nemali liye lanqandwa yizimpikiswano zezezimali. I-Regacy ye-UK Bill ephikisanayo ye-Sponsont House, kodwa izinhlangano zamalungelo abantu ziyaqhubeka ziphoqelela ukufinyelela amalungelo abantu. I-NIHRC ne-Ireland Rights yobuntu ne-Expastial Commission ihlangene ngokuthi noma isiphi isigaba sefa kumelwe sibe “esizimele, esikhanyayo, futhi sikwazi ukuphenya ngempumelelo.” Ikusasa lokululama kwamalungelo abantu eNyakatho ye-Ireland lizoba uvivinyo oluyinhloko lokuthi i-GFA ikhodoose umbono wobuntu uhlala uphila yini.

Ukuqinisa Ukulingana Namalungelo Ezenhlalo

Uma ubheka phambili, kunamathuba okujulisa isivikelo eNorthern Ireland. Izindleko eziqhubekayo zenkinga yokuphila ziye zaqokomisa isidingo samalungelo aqinile ezenhlalo, kuhlanganise nelungelo lokuthola indawo yokuhlala eyanele, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, nokulondeka komphakathi. Nakuba i-GFA ingawahlanganisi ngokucacile amalungelo ezenhlalo nezomnotho, i-NIHRC iphikisa ukuthi abalulekile emphakathini onokuthula ngempela nohlanganisa abantu. Imikhankaso yeBhili lamaLungelo igcizelela lezi zimo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibopho se-GFA kumalungelo olimi (ngo-Irish no-Ulster-Scots) sisalokhu siphikisana. I-Atmodenti and Language (Northern Ireland) Umthetho 2022 ekugcineni unikeze isikhundla esingokomthetho kulimi lwesi-Ireland futhi wakha ikhomishane ye-Ulster-Scots, kodwa ukumiswa kwemishanti kuye kwanqanyulwa yizinhlu zezombangazwe. Lamalungelo angokwesiko abalulekile ekuhlonipheni i-GFA ngokwendiva isithunzi phakathi kwemiphakathi emibili eyinhloko. Ukubeka i-alctive mential kuyodinga ukuqhubekeka kwe-unibondrensity nentando yezombangazwe.

Isiphetho: Ukuthotshiswa Okuqhubekayo Kwefa Lamalungelo Abantu LangoLwesihlanu Oluhle

Cishe amashumi amabili namashumi eminyaka ngemva kokuba i-Good Wearth According isayiniwe, amalungiselelo ayo amalungelo abantu ahlala eyindinganiso yentuthuko nomthombo wenselele eqhubekayo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-ECHR, ukusungulwa kwe-NIHRC, nokusungulwa komthetho oqinile wokulingana kuye kwaguqula i-rekhodi elingokomthetho laseNyakatho Ireland, okwenza abantu bangakwazi ukubekela inselele ukucwaswa kwemithetho futhi bagcine iziphathimandla zinecala. Ngalesosikhathi, ukungaguquguquki kwezombangazwe, iBretit, ukungezwana okungokwefa, nokuhlukana kwezenhlalo kwezembula ukuthi izithembiso zamalungelo abantu zaseGFA azikagcwaliseki ngokugcwele.

Ubuhlobo phakathi kwesivumelwano namalungelo abantu abunakuhlanganiswa. Buyaqhubeka buguqukela empilweni eqinile, ewumthetho, nasenzweni. Ikusasa lenqubo yokuthula eNyakatho Ireland ngokwezinga elikhulu lixhomeke ekutheni izinhlangano nezimiso ezihlanganiswe ngo-1998 zingazivumelanisa yini nezinsongo ezintsha namathuba. Isibopho esisha kumalungelo abantu eGFA (16) kuhlanganisa nokuqedwa kweRoll of Rights, ukusingatha ngokungakhethi imibandela engokwesilinganiso, kanye nesivikelo esiqinile sokulingana kwenani, kungokokubaluleka kokwakha umphakathi lapho isithunzi nenkululeko yomuntu isendaweni yonke. Njengoba izimpikiswano zamanje ngokuphathelene nokukhishwa kwesisu, umshado, nokulunga kolimi kubonisa, iGFA ihlala iyincwadi ephilayo ekwaziyo ukubhekana nakahle kakhulu. Umsebenzi oqhubekayo wokuvikela amalungelo abantu, izigelekiso zezizwe zomphakathi, nokuvikela umphakathi, ukuvikela kwenkululeko yenkululeko yomphakathi.