Injongo Kahulumeni Esafufusa

Isiqalo se-United States Constitution sifana nesamazwi abaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wezombangazwe waseMelika. Ayinikezi amandla, idala amahhovisi, noma ichaze amalungelo. Kunalokho, imemezela izinjongo eziyisisekelo uhulumeni amiswa ngazo. Imigomo eyisithupha ebekwe kulesiqalo (ukumisa isibopho esiphelele, ukumisa ubulungisa, ukuqinisekisa ukuhleleka kwasekhaya, ukunikeza isivikelo esivamile, ukuthuthukisa inhlalakahle, nokuvikela izibusiso zenkululeko, futhi ivikele imingcele yenkululeko (izimiso zenkululeko) elinganisa ngayo izizukulwane zonke imibuso yayo. Kulemigomo eyisithupha, impela, [[FLT:]" ukusungula inyukela ubunye obuphelele ngokwengeziwe," kuyisisekelo esisekelwe kuyo yonke eminye imisebenzi ehlangene. Ngaphandle kwesibopho, ngeke kumiswe futhi kumiswe ubulungisa, akunakumiswa, futhi akunakuchazwa, ukuthi ikhululwe yi-Geneticstiki, futhi ayisho ukuthi i-A.

Inhlekelele Eyabangela Isizwe: Ukwehluleka Kwezihloko Zokuhlehlela

Inkulumo ethi "ukwakha isibopho esiphelele kakhulu" isikisela ukuthi ubunye obabukhona ngo-1787 babungaphelele. Lokho kungapheleli kwakuyiTheats of Confederation, ibhukwana lokuqala elibusayo le-United States. Izihloko zakha uhulumeni obuthakathaka osebenza njenge-""" i-quaquation yobungane phakathi kwemibuso ephakeme kunesizwe esibusayo. Ingqungquthela yayingenawo amandla okukhokha intela, ilawula itestate, noma i-opera imithetho yayo. Yayingacela izimali namabutho asuka kuhulumeni kuphela, isimiso esabonakala siyinhlekelele.

Inkathi yenhlekelele yafika uHlumo loMvumo ngo1786-1787]. Entshona yeMassachusetts, abalimi abanezikweletu, ababhekene nomthetho wokuzimela nokubopha, bathatha izikhali zokuvala izinkantolo futhi badwebe ezindaweni zezikhali zesizwe eSpringfield. Uhulumeni wesizwe, ngaphansi kweZiphakamiso, wayengenamandla okuphakamisa ibutho lokuqeda ukuhlubuka. Wawela esizweni saseMassachusetts, nezimali eziphakanyiswe ngasese, ukuze kubuyiselwe ukuhleleka. Lesi senzakalo sathumela ukushaqeka kwezikhulu zezombangazwe ezingosigungu. UJames wabhalela uThonsie Jeffens, ezwakalisa ingebhedulo yakhe yokuthi intengo yempuzulwano engcono kakhulu ekuphileni, uGeorge Washington, owayeye wakhungenwa kakhulu yi-Mount - Ntaba i-Vernon ukuze angene i-Priciveymentalmston. Intelligation eyabu yeN, eyayingamele i

Umhlangano Womthetho - sisekelo: I - train enkulu

IConstitution yahlangana ePhiladelphia ngoMay 1787, nezihambeli ezivela ezifundeni eziyishumi nambili (Rhode Island wenqaba ukuhlanganyela). Umsebenzi wawumkhulu: ukuklama uhulumeni onamandla ngokwaneleyo kodwa onamandla kangangokuba ungenza ubushiqela. Amazwi athi "ukusungula isibopho esiphelele" kwakuyinjongo eyinhloko. Impikiswano enkulu ehlukanisayo yayiwuphawu. Izwe elikhulu lalisekela [[FLT: 0] iPlayenia [[FLT:] [FLT:] [FLT]], eyahlongoza i-billareral courage esekelwe ezakhamuzi. Smater waphendula ngokuthi i-[FLD:] i-New Jersey Plan [FLD2], eyayibizwa ngokumelela okulinganayo. [FLT] [FFFFFF: FFF] [FFF] [FFOLT] [F] [F]], uRoffrangendlad K], u-RGose.

Ukwehlukana okukhulu kwesibili kwakuhilela ukubala abantu abagqilazwe izinjongo zokumelelwa nentela. Isikhumbuzo esiqinile se-35-FT-FT sabala isithathu se-feath yabantu abagqilazwe ngenxa yakho kokubili ukumiswa nokuhlukaniswa kwentela. Lokhu kwakuyisivumelwano sokuziphatha esinephutha kakhulu esafakwa ebugqilini boMthetho-sisekelo. [Izinsolo] [FFLT:] Fid2] [Focteds mes profile , [[Foct:3], isikhumbuzo esibhalwe ngu-Alexander, James Mace Lice, noJay, i-John, imoto entsha edayiswayo. [Fomer] [4] Impost Republicestions.[4] Impopea Resuperson, i-acedvidention of "injini lamandla emposo,'inkulu.[10] Impiso , isithiso linye yamandla aso , ayekhona asoliwe kakhulu.[10] Inte "e

Umfundi wefilosofi nolimi ka-Geneus othi “Ukwakha Ubuhlobo Obuphelele Kakhulu"

Ulimi lwe-Pregator lulula ngokukhohlisayo, kodwa wonke amagama akhethwa ngokunembe. Inkulumo ethi " iphelele kakhulu" inguhlelo oluphambili kwezombangazwe. Ngekhulu le-18, "ephelele" yayinencazelo engokomthetho nengokwefilosofi "ephelele" noma "ephelele". "ephelele kakhulu" yayiyindikimba engcono kakhulu, engcono kunenduna yayo. Yayingasho ukuthi iphelele noma igobe imvume yokuthuthukisa inguquko. Iminyuko yayiqondana ukuthi yayingasunguli inqubo. Ayengahleli inqubo. La yindlela engcono, futhi ayizange iphumelele kuleyo ndawo.""

Benjamin Franklin, enkulumweni yakhe yokugcina eMhlanganweni, wathatha lo moya wokuthobeka nethemba. Wavuma ukuthi wayengawuvumelanga ngokugcwele uMthetho-sisekelo kuzo zonke izingxenye zawo, kodwa wayengabaza ukuthi akawenzanga amaphutha futhi wanxusa izihambeli ezikanye naye ukuba asayine. ngiyavuma, Nkosi, kuloMthetho-sisekelo, ngoba angilindele okungcono," uFrankrlin. Lona umqondo owenziwe ngokungenaphutha "wokuphelela". Ayiyona inhloso yokufinyelela ukuphelela okuphelele, okungenakwenzeka ezindabeni zabantu. Kungokulahla okuphelele njengesitha esihle nokuzinzisayo somsebenzi ovumela inguquko nentuthuko.

Isimiso Esihlanganisayo Sesihloko esithi "Inhlangano"

Igama elithi "Union" lalibaluleke ngokufanayo. Izihloko zeConfederation zabhekisela ezweni ngokuthi "iUnited States of America," kodwa uhlelo lolimi lwaluyi-iningi (iwabo base-United States"). UMthetho-sisekelo washintsha uhlelo lolimi lwaba yi-inye, [1] i-United States. Lokhu kushintshwa kolimi kwabonisa ushintsho olukhulu kwezombangazwe. Isizwe sasingasahlangene samazwe azimele ngokukhululekile; kwakuyindawo eyodwa ezimele. Igama elithi "Union" laba igama elingcwele empucukweni yezombangazwe yaseMelika. Ngaphakathi kwekhulu le-19, ukulondolozwa kwe-Union" kwakuyinhloso eyinhloko yesimiso sombuso. Kwakuyimgomo ka-Abraham uLincoln alwa iMpi yomphakathi. [F:]""[FUBluum" [OMthethombo wesizwe, u-Qulton, u-Qulton, u-G.[10]

Umlando Obhalwe Ngezinguquko: Izenzakalo Ezivelele Eziya Ebunyeni Obuphelele

Umlando we-United States uyindaba yomzabalazo oqhubekayo wokwenza isibopho sibe esiphelele. Isizukulwane ngasinye siye sabhekana nenselele eyinhloko yokuphila ngokuvumelana nezithembiso ze - Pregnant. UMthetho - sisekelo wanikeza amathuluzi alo msebenzi ngenqubo yawo yokulungisa, kodwa amandla angempela oshintsho avela ezinhlanganweni zezenhlalo, ukuhola kwezombangazwe, futhi ngokuvamile, izimpi ezinobudlova.

Isiqinisekiso Samalungelo NeRepublic Yakuqala

Izenzo zokuqala zikahulumeni omusha zazihloselwe ukuphelelisa isibopho. Bhill of Rights (1791]), ezeshumi zokuqala ukubuyiselwa kumthetho-sisekelo, zenezelwa ngokukhethekile ukusingatha ukwesaba kwabalwa nama-Anti-Fédalist. Yaqinisekisa inkululeko eyisisekelo enjengokuphakama kwenkululeko yokukhuluma, inkolo, kanye nokunyathelisa, futhi yavikela izakhamuzi ekuphathweni kohulumeni omusha. Ngokuvikela lamalungelo, uBill wamaLungelo waqinisa ukuwina ukungabaza. Eminyakeni yokuqala, inyuswa ukuphakama kwezombangazwe (Federalsive Republications) ngaphandle kokwembulwa kwemithetho yezombangazwe. I-Xevision, i-Auckieviety, i-Alf, i-Aunion, kanye nokudluliswa kwe-active, i-Alctive, i-1000%, ukuvinja kwezombangazwe, ngaphandle komthetho we-S.

Impi Yangaphakathi Nethonya Lobunye

Uvivinyo olunamandla kakhulu "lwesibopho esiphelele" lwenzeka ngenkinga ye-secession ka-1860-1861. Ukumiswa kobugqila kwakuyisono sokuqala somzamo waseMelika, ukuphikisana okuqondile nemibono yokusungula yenkululeko nokulingana. Ukungavumelani nonyaka ka-1850, iKansas-Nebraska Act, futhi [FLD:]Dred Scott isinqumo [1857] bonke bazama ukubhala iphepha ngokuhlukana okujulile phakathi kwezizwe zezigqila nenkululeko, kodwa izingxabano zazingaguquguquki. Lapho u-Abraham Lincoln wathatha isikhundla, wagcizelela ukuthi i-Union Union yayinganqamuki futhi i-a. Impi yomphakathi yayiyimpoqolo enkulu kakhulu eMelika, yayiyinda umlando wodwa. Yayimpi encikelelwa impumelelo empini yaba khona phakathi kwesizwe esisodwa. Ukuphendula okulinganayo "inkululeko enzile?"

I-Lincoln’s Ikheli le-Gottysburg liyi-scheme kakhulu ukuchazwa kabusha kwemigomo ye-Pregday. Ngokufaka iSimemezelo senkululeko nokuzalwa kwesizwe "inani lesine nesikhombisa leminyaka edlule," iLincoln yaphikisa ukuthi "inhlangano ephelele" yayingesona nje ilungiselelo lezombangazwe kodwa ibhizinisi lokuziphatha. Wabiza ukuzalwa kabusha kwenkululeko"[[[FLT:] ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhulumeni wabantu, abantu, futhi abantu ngeke babhubhe emhlabeni. [FLT:], 14 [15],[FFT] ne-dectivestions [5] i-externetic transsiontions (ist) i-dectived Reformationstion yalectived produced produced, i-'enzial, i-enzile yenye i-'uni yenye i-Celti, i-Estdivolue,

Inkathi Eqhubekayo Nokwanda Kwentando Yeningi

Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 nelama-20 kwaletha izinselele ezintsha. Inguquko yezezimboni yadala ukungalingani okukhulu kwengcebo, ukuxhashazwa kwezisebenzi, nenkohlakalo yezombangazwe. I-Fourcement yafuna ukuphelelisa isibopho ngokwenza uhulumeni asabelele kubantu. [[FLT:]16] Isichibiyeli seSichibiyelo [[[FLT:] sa - 16] savumela uKhomishano lwezigebezo [[FLT]] ukuba luyeke intela yeholo, yenza isimiso semali esilinganayo. [[FLT:]] iSichibiyelo semali [[FLT]] se-17] esiqondile [[FLT] esilungiselelwe ukuvotelwa kwe-Swodwa kwe-emperatorts, ukuthatha amandla aphuma ezindlini zemithetho yomthetho womthetho womthetho womthetho womthetho womthetho womthetho womthetho futhi unikeze inguquko engcono kakhulu. [FLT:] [FF:] [FF:5] [5] [ect:]'ssiontion] [ex] [exf]

Inhlangano Yamalungelo Abantu Nokugcwaliseka Kwalesi Simemezelo

Intuthuko enkulu yekhulu lama-20 eqondene nenhlangano yamaLungu ephelele kakhulu yavela eMzabalazweni Wamalungelo Omphakathi. Isinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme Brown v. ibhodi lemfundo[ [1954] yawulahla u"imfundiso kodwa elingana" futhi yathi ayihambisani" nemithetho. Lesi sinqumo sasiwukusebenza okuqondile kweSiphendulo se-Eclic Profective [Intemental project] ye 14th Claus, eyayishaya enhliziyweni yesizwe esinenkathi. Inhlangano, eholwa yizibalo njengoMartin King Jr., uRosal, noJohns, u-Leach, u-ccoulk, waveza ubuzenzile wesizwe inkululeko yenkululeko yenkululeko yesizwe, lapho isazi sesizwe singena esabelweni sokuncindiwe.

ICivil Rights Act ka-1944 kanye noMthetho we-[FLT:] [FLT]] kwakuyimpumelelo engokomthetho yemithetho eyahlula ukuhlukaniswa ngokomthetho nezigidi zamaMelika. [Kumthetho] [[FLT:]] Inalophu] Inkulumo [[FLT], iNkosi yabeka ukulwa kwesizwe njengesidingo sokudumisa amabhukwana aso okusungulwa. Yakhuluma ngomthetho womthetho kanye noMthetho weSimendo "Izinsomi" [imvume] [encwadi yeSikhundla] enziwayo yonke i-Ezweni. [F6] [F] [54], futhi ihluleka ukumelana naleyasenyukayo: [Fodvossion] [F] [F] [4], [enye intellssion.[4]

Umsebenzi Ongachithiwe: Ubunye Obuphelele Kakhulu Lama - 21

Inkulumo "yokwakha isibopho esiphelele kakhulu" ihlala ingumthetho oqinile nophikiswayo kwezombangazwe zamanje. Ibizwa ezinqumweni zeNkantolo Ephakeme, izinkulumo zikamongameli, nezimpande zotshani. Isebenza njengesikhumbuzo sasikhathi sonke sokuthi umsebenzi wesizwe awupheli. Inyunyana ibhekene nezinselele ezintsha ezivivinya ukuqina kwayo namandla ayo obulungisa.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwezombangazwe Nezikhungo Zokubusa

Olunye usongo olukhulu "kulokhu kulunga okukhulu" namuhla ukuhlanganisa okungaphezulu kakhulu kwezombangazwe. Izwe lihlukene kakhulu ngokwemibono, indawo, namasiko. Ukhetho luka 2016 no-2020 lwembula ukuthi isizwe sihlukene cishe ngengxenye ngemibuzo eyinhloko yokubusa. Ikhono likahulumeni lokusingatha izinselele ezivamile `ukungalingani kwezomnotho, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukushintshashintsha kwezindawo (hkakhulu kuvame ukukhubazeka.) Ukulahlekelwa ukholo ezinhlanganweni zentando yeningi, ukuphakama kokudukiswa kwenkulumo entweni, nokudlondlobala kwemizwa kwemijongo eqinile. Inseleleko yekhulu lama-21 leminyaka ukuthola izindlela zokuhlukanisa lezi zigebe lapho kuhlobana ngokomthetho. "ukuhlangana okuphelele" kudinga izakhiwo ezingokomthetho kodwa ukukhokhwazwa kwezimiso zomphakathi nokunye. Ukukhomba ukuncishwa kwemithetho ezindaweni zokukhokhwanywa kwemisweni nokuhliswa kweminye.

Ukuchaza "Thina Abantu" Esizweni Esihlukene

Umbuzo wokuthi ubani ongowenyunyana wenhlangano ungowokuphila. Indaba yokuqala "Thina bantu" sasiyisigaba esincane somphakathi: abamhlophe, abanikazi bempahla yabesilisa. Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka okulwa, incazelo iye yanda yahlanganisa abesifazane, izinhlanga ezingezona ezimele, nabantu bazo zonke izizinda. Namuhla, isizwe sihlukene kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili, futhi impikiswano yokufakwa elementekweni eqinile ekwakheni isibopho esiphelele. Inqubo yokuhlukanisa, ukuvota amalungelo, nokulungisa ubugebengu kunezinkundla zamanje lapho inzuzo yesivikelo esilinganayo incintisana khona. Umphumela walezi ziyo uyonquma ukuthi isizwe siphila yini esisekelweni saso esisekelweni esiphelele. Umsebenzi wokwakha isibopho esiphelele ngokwengeziwe ukwandisa ukugcinwa kwesizwe ngokomlando, kuhlanganise nefa lezenzo zobugqili.

UMthetho - sisekelo Ophefumlelwe Nendima Yezinkantolo

Igatsha lokwahlulela linendima ebalulekile ekuchazeni incazelo "yokuhlangana okuphelele kakhulu. Umqondo we-" Isimiso somthetho sokwenza izinto ngenkathi edlulileyo uyavuma ukuthi incazelo yencwadi ishintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuhlangabezana nezimo ezintsha. Ngaphansi kwalokhu, izinkantolo zinomthwalo wemfanelo wokwandisa ukusebenza kwezimiso eziyinhloko ezifana nokulingana nenkululeko. Izinqumo ze-propati yekhulu lamakhulu angamashumi amabili namashumi amabili namashumi amabili. Izinqumo ze-'inguquko ze-[[[FLT:][[FLT]][FLT] [ib] v.[FLT]][5] [ihlulo] i-fut' lento edingayokuqala i-'ukuhlengwayo. [icebo eliphelele] [izimiso eziyisisekelo, izinquluhluko] [indlela eziyisisekelo somthetho] [Ft] [Ft]

Isiphetho: Ifa Lomsebenzi Ongenamsoco

Inkulumo "ukwakha isibopho esiphelele kakhulu" ayiyona incazelo ecacile yokuphumelela okuphelele. Iwubizo lokuthatha isinyathelo, indinganiso elinganiswa yizwe elizilinganisela kuyo intuthuko yalo, nethemba lekusasa elingcono. Abasunguli banikezanga incwadi ephelele, kodwa ephelele. Babeqonda ukuthi le nhlangano yayiyodinga ukunakekelwa njalo, ukuzivikela okuqaphile, nenguquko yezikhathi ezithile. Umlando we-United States uyisiqinisekiso samandla alomqondo. Kusukela ekuqedweni kobugqilazelweni kwelungelo lokuvota, kusukela e-New Arement ukuya e-Octal, isizukulwane ngasinye siye sathatha umsebenzi wokwenza isibopho siphelele ngokwengeziwe.

Njengoba isizwe sisondela jule ekhulwini lama-21, inselele ihlala ifana. Ukuhlukana kwezombangazwe, ukungalingani kwezenhlalo, nemibuzo yesizwe izovivinya izibopho zobunye. Kodwa i-mepu icacile. Ikhompathiso linikeza ikhampasi. ] thina bantu singabalobi nezihloko zalendaba eqhubekayo. Isibopho asincikile kuhulumeni kuphela; sihlala kusona sonke isakhamuzi. Ukukha isibopho esiphelele sidinga ukuhlangana kwezakhamuzi zonke, ukuxoxa okuqotho, nokuzimisela ukunweba nokunweba nezibusiso zenkululeko kuzo zonke. Umsebenzi ongapheli waseMelika. Njengoba ukuzama [FLT.[FOL:] [F:] [FT] [FOM] [3] umthetho wezwe eliphelele] umthetho, ukulandelelana kwabantu abaningi, umsebenzi wayo uyindlela ekhethekile.