Ukuziphendukela Kwezincwadi Zokuvimbela: Ukusuka Emasimini Empi Kuya Eballot Boxes

Ukuvota kwe-bobree sekuye kwaba isisekelo sokuhlanganyela kwanamuhla kwentando yeningi, kuvumela izakhamuzi ezingakwazi ukuya ezindaweni zokuvota ngokoqobo ukuba ziphonse amavoti azo futhi zizwe amazwi azo. Lendlela yokuvota kude kakhulu (ngokuvamile ngeposi) iye yanwetshwa ngokuphawulekayo emakhulwini amabili adlule, isuka ekuthatheni amasosha ngokulinganiselwe ukuya endleleni yokuvota esetshenziswa kabanzi enziwa izigidi zamaMelika umjikelezo ngamunye wokhetho. Ngokwesibonelo, cishe 46% bawo wonke amavoti ayeyiposi noma angekho, ngokwe-U.S. Comfonsotion Commission. Aclation i-votation iqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo yokuvota esetshenziswa ka-Ondiwe ihlala ikhona futhi imelelwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-projectal noma i-ovties.

Ukuqonda Ukungasasebenzi

Phakathi nendawo, ukuvota okungekho kubhekisela enqubweni lapho umvoti obhalisiwe angavota khona kude, ngokweposi, kunokuba avele e-mntwini endaweni yokuvota ekhethiwe ngoSuku Lokhetho. Nakuba leligama ngezinye izikhathi lisetshenziswa ngokuvumelana nokuvota ngeposi, ukuvota okungekhoyo ekuqaleni kwadinga umvoti ukuba anikeze isizathu esisemthethweni .[1] “umvoti" ("axce") ngenxa yokungavoti kumuntu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izifunda eziningi azizange zamukele izimiso zokuvota okungekho noma izimiso zokuvota ngeposi yonke, zifinyeze imigqa ephakathi kwezimbili.

Umlando: Umkhuba Ovela Empini

Umsuka wokungavoti e-United States usukela emuva ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Imithetho yokuvota yokuqala engokomthetho eyangekho yamiswa phakathi neMpi Yombango ukuze ivumele amasosha ayekude nezifunda zasekhaya ukuba ahlanganyele okhethweni. UWisconsin noVermont babengabatholi bakuqala, bemisa imithetho ngo-1862 no1864 ngokulandelana ukuze bavumele ukuvinjelwa kwezempi. NgeMpi Yezwe I, amazwe amaningi ayemise uhlobo oluthile lokungabeki ukuvota kwebutho lempi. Kamuva uhulumeni wahlanganisa lezi sivikelo ngokhetho lwe-Finedied no-Overseas Avieting Vo Act (UCAVAVE) ka-1986, okuqinisekisa amalungu empi, imikhaya yayo, nezakhamuzi zaphesheya ukuba zibhaliswe futhi ziphume.

Phakathi nekhulu lama-20 leminyaka, ukuvota okungekho kwanwebeka kubantu abangekho. Ngawo-1970, cishe ingxenye yezifundazwe yavumela noma yimuphi umvoti obhalisiwe ukuba acele ibhodi yokuvota ngaphandle ngaphandle kwezaba. iCalifornia yaba yizwe lokuqala ukuba lingavoti ngokungekho ngo-1978. Namuhla, amazwe angu-35 neSithiligio saseColumbia akunikezivoti zokuvota okungekho, kuyilapho amazwe ayisishiyagalombili edinga izaba ezisemthethweni, futhi amazwe amahlanu enza ukhetho ngokuthumela ngokuyinhloko (Colado, Hawaii, Oregon, Utah, noWashington), enza wonke amavota abavoti abangekho abavoti abangekho.

Isizathu Sokuba Ababesasazi Bathule Izinto

Ukuvota okungavunyelwayo kungaphezu nje kokuba usizo; kuyithuluzi elibucayi lokwandisa ukutholakala, ukuthuthukisa ukuvumelana, nokuqinisa ukuhlanganyela kwentando yeningi.

Ukutholakala Kakhudlwana Kwenani Labantu Abasezingeni Eliphansi

Kubantu baseMelika abayizigidi, ukuya endaweni yokuhlola ngosuku oluthile akunakwenzeka. Ukuvota okugunyaziwe kuvulela abantu asebekhulile abangase babe nezinselele zokuhamba, abantu abakhubazekile, abanesifo esingalapheki, nabanakekeli abangakwazi ukushiya abathembele kubo. Ngokwe-Censues Bureauer, cishe oyedwa kwabanhlanu abavoti abakhubazekile abathi ukuvota kuwumntula ngo-202020. Ukuvota okugunyaziwe kunciphisa kakhulu lemingcele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abavoti abalaliswa esibhedlela noma ababoshelwe ngecala (kodwa abaphumi) bangahlanganyela njalo ngokukhipha izinti zombheno.

Ukuvumelana Nezimo Nokuvumelana Nezinto

Ukuvota kwe-bobree kuvumela abantu ukuba baqede amavoti ngejubane labo siqu nangesimiso sabo siqu . ngaphandle kokucindezela kwemigqa emide, amahora okusebenza angalindelekile, noma izikhankaso zokuhamba. Ukuhlola kwe Bipartisan Policy Center kubonisa ukuthi ukunikeza ukungabeki i-execussiee avhootation kunganciphisa izikhathi zokulinda futhi kunciphise ukuminyana ngoSuku Lokuvota. Ezizweni ngeposi, izikhulu zokukhetha zisakaza umsebenzi wokulungisa amabhola angekho emasontweni ambalwa, okunciphisa ukuvaleka kweminyathela nokunga.

Ukuqhakaza komsindo

Ukucwaninga okungaguquki kubonisa ukuthi ukwenza ukuvota okungekho kungeneke kakhulu ngokuvota okuphezulu. Ukuhlola kwa 2020 kwe-Brennan Center for Justice kwathola ukuthi nakuba kungekho mvume yokuvota kwathola amazinga amabili kuya kwamane amaphesenti aphakeme kunamazwe ayedinga izaba. Lokhu kuphawulwa ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabavoti abasebasha kanye nabavoti bokuqala, abangathola inqubo ekude ingasabiseki kakhulu. Phakathi nobhadane lwe-COVID-19, igalelo lokuvota okungekho ngokomthetho lathiwa ngokuthatha iqhaza ngokhetho olugciniwe naphezu kwezinselele zempilo zomphakathi ezingakaze zibonwe.

Izinhlobo Zokuthutha Izincwadi

Ukuvota akuyona inqubo yesilinganiso esisodwa. Izindawo ezihlukene zinikeza izindlela ezihlukahlukene, ngayinye inemithetho nezimfuneko ezingafani.

Ama-ballot endabuko

Indlela evame kakhulu ihilela umvoti ofaka isicelo se-obster (ngokuvamile, ngeposi, noma ngeposi), ukwamukela ibhodi lephepha ngeposi, ukulibhala, nokulibuyisela ngeposi noma ebhokisini lokuwisa elisemthethweni. Izizwe eziningi zifuna ukuba ibhola lokuvota lifakwe uphawu ngoSuku Lokhetho futhi lithathwe ngaphakathi kwefasitela elicacisiwe cishe izinsuku ezimbalwa kuya masonto ambalwa ukuya ku-isonto elilodwa. Amanye amazwe avumela abavoti ukuba babuyise amavoti ehhovisi lokhetho noma indawo emisiwe yokulahla indawo yokhetho ngoSuku Lokhetho.

Ukuphehla Imishini Ye - electronic (Imishini Yezempi NeyaseGwini)

Ngaphansi kwe-UOCAVA, abavoti abafake iyunifomu nabaphesheya bangasebenzisa izindlela zokudlulisa ze-electronic ukuze bathole futhi babuyise amavoti. Lokhu kungahlanganisa i-imeyili, i-fax elondekile, noma ama-fex asekelwe kuwebhusayithi. Nakuba ukuvota ngemishini kunikeza isivinini nokusiza labo abakude nasekhaya, kuphakamisa izinkathazo zokwenezela nokuzikhathaza zomuntu siqu, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngokuvamile kulinganiselwe kwezempi nakuvota baphesheya, hhayi abavoti abangekho ekhaya.

Ukukhishwa Kwemali Kwaphakade

Izigodi eziningi manje zinikeza isimo esihlala njalo somvoti ongekho. Uma umvoti esebhalisa lendlela, zithola ivoti ngokuzenzekelayo kunoma yiluphi ukhetho ngaphandle kokufuna ukuvuna. Lokhu kunciphisa umthwalo wokuphatha futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi abavoti abafanelekayo abaphuthelwanga ukhetho ngenxa yamaphepha. Njengango-2024, okungenani amazwe angama-2024 avumela ukuvota okuhlala njalo, kuhlanganise ne-California, i-Arizona, ne-Florida.

Indlela Inqubo Yokuthungatha Izincwadi Esebenza Ngayo

Ukuqonda abavoti abangekho ekuvotelweni kubalulekile ukuze baphumelele ekusebenziseni lesimiso.

Isinyathelo Sokuqala: Ukubhalisa Nesicelo Sebhola

Amavoter kumelwe abhaliswe kuqala ukuze avote. Emazwini adinga izaba, umvoti kumelwe abonise isizathu sabo (umz., uhambo, ukugula, ukukhubazeka) lapho ecela ibhola. Amazwe amaningi manje avumela abavoti ukuba bacele i-colot ephumile ku-inthanethi ye-inthanethi elondekile. Abanye badinga isicelo esibhaliwe esasayinwa umvoti. Umthetho wokucela ibhola lomdlalo uvame ukuba uthathe izinsuku ezingu-7 kuya kwezingu-30 ngaphambi koSuku Lomvoti.

Isinyathelo Sesibili: Ukwamukela Nokuqeda Ibhola

Uma isicelo sesivunyiwe, umvoti uthola ibhola labo ngeposi, kanye nemvilophu yokubuya (ngokuvamile efakwe amakheli angaphambili futhi ekhokhelwa njalo). Umvoti uphawula ukukhetha kwabo ngasese, abese ebeka ibhola lomshini “emkhonweni wesandla” noma“imvilophi yesekeli” ngaphambi kokuba afake leyo mvulophu ebuyayo. Uvota ube esesayina imvilophu engaphandle njengesiqinisekiso se-inyani. Abanye basho ukuthi kudingeka ufakazi noma isignomende esincane njengesivikelo esengeziwe.

Isinyathelo 3: Ukubuya Kwebhola

Amabhola angabuyiswa nge-Postal Service yase-U.S., ibhokisi lehlela lephepha elimisiwe, noma ngokuthumela ngesandla ehhovisi lokhetho noma esikhungweni sokuvota sakuqala. Izizwe eziningi zinikeza izimiso zokuthumela ibhuloho ezivumela abavoti ukuba babone ukuthi ibhola labo lithunyelwe nini, lamukelwe nini, futhi libalwe. Longwengwe olubonisa ukukhanya luye lwaboniswa ukwandisa ukuqiniseka kovoti futhi lunciphise ukukhathazeka ngama-colottes alahlekile.

Ukuguqu-guquka kwesimo

Esinye sezici eziphawuleka kakhulu zokuvota okungekho eUnited States ukuguquguquka kwazo kusukela esifundazweni kuya kwesinye.

  • Izaba eziphicothiwe: okwamanje, iConnecticut, iDelaware, i-Indiana, i-Kentucky, i-Mississippi, iMissopiya, iNew Hampshire, i-New York, i-Tennessee, neTexas zifuna abavoti ukuba banikeze izaba ezisemthethweni (njengokuba bengaphandle kwesifundazwe ngoSuku Lokhetho, ukugula, ukukhubazeka, noma umcimbi wenkolo) ukuze bavote izaba ezikhudlwanayo phakathi nezikhathi eziphuthumayo kodwa balondoloze imfuneko.
  • Akukho-excusee engekho: Izwe livumela ngaphezu kwengxenye yesifundazwe ukuba noma imuphi umvoti obhaliwe acele ivoti engekho nganoma isiphi isizathu, noma angeke acele nakancane. Leliqembu lihlanganisa izikhungo ezinkulu zomphakathi njenge California, Florida, Ohio, nePennsylvania.
  • Ukuvota konke kuphuma-thunyelelwa kuphawula: i-Colorado, i-Oregon, i-Utah, neWashington ngokuzenzakalelayo ithumela ivoti kunoma yimuphi umvoti obhaliwe kunoma yiluphi ukhetho. Abavoti bangakhetha ukuyibuyisela ngeposi, ukulahla ibhokisi, noma ukuvota umuntu ezikhungweni ezilinganiselwe. Lamazwe abika njalo ukuvuleka nokwaneliseka okukhulu ngenqubo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminye imibuso inezinqubo eziqinile zokuqinisekisa ezingalahla izigqhimi ezisayinwa ezingahambelani, kanti eminye inikeza “inkathi yokuzisiza” evumela abavoti ukuba balungise izinkinga zabo ngevoti ngemva kokuba beyitholile. I-National Conference of State Legislatures ilondoloza i-data yomthetho wokuvota ongekho.

Izinselele Nezimpikiswano

Inkulumo - mpikiswano yomphakathi ngokuvamile igxile ezinkingeni zokulondeka, ezithiyo ezihlobene nokuzimela, nasemathubeni okudideka.

Ukukhwabanisa Ngezindwangu: Izinganekwane Namaqiniso

Iziphakamiso zokukhwabanisa okusakazekile ngokungekho kwevoti ziye zaba isici esiphindaphindiwe senkulumo yezombangazwe yaseMelika, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokhetho lwama-2020. Nokho, ukuhlola okuningi nokuhlola kuye kwathola ukuthi ukukhwabanisa kwevoti kuyinto engavamile kakhulu. Ukuhlola kweBrennan Center kulinganisela izinga lokukhohlisa kwevoti engekho phakathi kuka-0,0004% ne-0,099% yakho yonke imivoti ephonqwe. I-Lifarace Foundation’s proces of the projective, nakuba kuvame ukukhonjwa yilabo abathintekile ngezembanga, kubonisa kuphela inani elimbalwa lamacala ahlukeneyo aphumayo phakathi kwezigidi zamavoti. Noma kunjalo, izikhulu zokhetho ziyaqhubeka zisabela ngokuphepha okukhuliswa ngokusayinwa kwemikhondo, ukusayinwa kweze ye-octal - testen.

Ukulondeka Kwebhola Nokukhokha Ijele

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amavoti alondekile kusukela ngesikhathi ethunyelwa kuvoti kuze kube yilapho ebalwa kuyinselele eyinkimbinkimbi. Uma ulahla amabhokisi asuke eyindawo ebanzi kwezinye izizwe, enezimpikiswano zokubekwa kwawo, ukulondeka, nokugada. Izikhulu ze-Ecostation zisebenzisa izimpawu ze-projectal-projects, ukuqapha, nokuhlola ama-oaglot ukuvikela ubuqotho. I-Cybersecurity ne Infrastrure Security Agency (CISA) inikeza isiqondiso sokulawula ibhola elingekhoyo, kanye nohlelo lwezimo eziningi zokuhlola ukukhipha i-apost projectal ukuze kuqinisekie imiphumela.

Indaba Yokufa Nezinqola Zokwenqaba

I-Ecouption Confict Commission, ngo-2020, cishe iphesenti elilodwa lama-operati lalahlwa ezweni lonke, kodwa amazinga ahluka kakhulu ngokwezwe lonke kusukela ku-0.8% kuya ku-3, kuya ku-3. Ama-opera emibala kanye nabavoti abasha athinteka ngokungenakushenxiswa. Ngo-2020, i-Ecomfation Confictive Commission, i-ExPlation, ngo-2020, i-1% yama-posi afakwa esabelweni, kodwa amazinga ahluka kakhulu ngokwezwe lonke ngokomthetho .[1] Ukusukela ekuphakameni kulingana no-3. Ukuphakama kwe-3%. I-opera yemibala kanye nokufika kwabasha kwathinteka ngokungena ngokuphindwe ka-kabili. Ngokungath

Ukusingatha Izinselele: Imikhuba Emihle Kakhulu

Izikhulu zezokukhetha nabasunguli bezimiso baye basungula izinyathelo eziningi zokuthuthukisa okuhlangenwe nakho kokuvota okungekho futhi baqinise ukwethembela esimisweni.

  • Ukuqeqesha kobuqiniso: amazwe asebenzise imishini yokuqeqesha izisebenzi zokhetho ukuze aqhathanise izigqwithelane ngokungakhethi nangokungaguquki, neziqondiso zokugwema imiphumela yokukhipha umlomo. Ezinye izifundazwe zisebenzisa ukuqinisekisa kosayino olubhalwe ngokwazo njenge dluliswa kokuqala, kulandelwe ukubukezwa komuntu.
  • Izimiso zokulandelela: Izifundazwe ezicishe zibe ngu-40 manje zinikeza i-internet blottting, ivumela abavoti ukuba baqaphele isimo sevote yabo yokuvota kusukela ekuthumeleni ukuya ekubaleni. Lokhu kusiza abavoti ukuba bazi ukuthi ibhola labo lomshini wamukelwa futhi unikeze isixwayiso sakuqala sezindaba.
  • ukulondeka kwebhokisi le-Drop: Izindawo eziningi ezifake amabhokisi emvula alondekile asemahoreni angu-24 ahlolwe ngamakhamera, aqoqwe njalo amaqembu e-bipartis, futhi aqiniswa ngokuphazanyiswa. Ngo-2020, akukho zenzakalo ezingathi sína ezihilela ukulahla amabhokisi zabikwa.
  • [ Imikhankaso yemfundo ebanzi: Ukuxhumana okucacile, okukhulunywa ngezilimi eziningi ngokuphathelene nendlela yokugcwalisa nokubuyisela amabhola okwenqaba kunciphisa amazinga okulahla. Ezinye izifundazwe zithumela amabhola afanayo ngemiyalo, futhi ezinye izingxube zomphakathi ukuze zinikeze usizo.

Ukuvalwa kwezincwadi

Uvota kwakuqala kudidaniswa nokuvota kwasekuqaleni, kodwa okubili kuyindlela ezihlukene. Ukuvota kwakuqala kuvumela abavoti ukuba baphonse amabhola abo ezindaweni ezimisiwe ngaphambi koSuku Lokhetho, ngokuvamile benemishini efanayo esetshenziswayo ngoSuku Lokhetho. Ukuvota kwakuqala akudingi izaba futhi kunikeze ukulondeka kobuhlobo obuqondile nezikhulu zokuvota. Ukuvota okungaqondile, ngokuphambene, kwenziwa kude futhi kuncike esimisweni seposi noma kuphonswe amabhokisi. Ukucwaninga okuvela kuPew Chaclitablies kusikisela ukuthi ngokuvota kanye nokuvota okusheshayo kokubili ubona ukuvota kuphakeme, kodwa ukuthi indlela ngayinye inxusa izigaba ezihlukeneyo zabavoti. Umdala uvota owena uthambekele ekuvoleni ukuvota, kuyilapho ekhetha ekhosha ngokuvamile ekhetha ekhona.

Ubuchwepheshe Nekusasa Lokuthuthwa Kwemishini

Ukubuyiselwa kwemisebenzi kuyaqhubeka nokuvota okungasheshi, nobuchwepheshe obusha obuthembisa ukuvuselelwa, ukutholakala, nokulondeka.

Ukushaya kohlelo

Izifunda eziningi manje zinikeza amathuluzi okubhala ama-oda avumela abavoti ukuba bagcwalise amavoloti abo kuyi-computer noma kumakhalekhukhwini, banyathelise i-collet eqediwe, bese bewabuyisela ngeposi. Lokhu kusiza ekuvimbeleni amaphutha anjengama-athomote noma ama-octal alahlekile. Lamathuluzi awafani nomshini wokuvota kuyi-we-inter. Zimane nje ziwubuchwepheshe obusizayo ekuqedeni i-coblock.

Ukuzama Ukusebenzisa I - blockchain Ne - Internet

Ukuhlola okuningana okunesilinganiso esincane kuye kwahlola ukusebenzisa i-blockchain noma ezinye izimiso zovota ezifihliwe ze-inthanethi ezingekhoyo, ikakhulukazi zabavoti bezempi nabangaphesheya. Ngokwesibonelo, i-West Virginia, yaqondisa i-applective contractive esekelwe kumabhuloho ezisebenzi zempi ezithunyelweyo ngo-201818. Nakuba izimiso ezinjalo zithuthukisa ukusebenziseka, futhi ziveza ukuvota okusha okusha, kuhlanganise nokuhlasela kwe-altare, ukuhlasela kwe-phishting, kanye nokungamela ukusongela kwe-injini. Izazi eziningi ze-inthaneti, kuhlanganise ne-National Accademies of Sciences, Engineering, i-Medicine, itusa ukuvota okungasetshenziswa kakhulu kwe-intebo engcono kakhulu kunganikezwa.

Ukuhlakanipha Okuklanywe Ngezitifiketi

Kusungulwa amanani olwazi lokufunda amathuluzi okusiza abahloli babantu ekusayineni, ukunciphiseni okungafanelana lapho befunda ezinqumweni zesikhathi esidlule. Ukusetshenziswa ngokucophelela, i-Al kunganciphisa ubandlululo lomuntu futhi kusheshise inqubo yokuqinisekisa. Nokho, lezi zimiso kumelwe zihlolwe ukuze kutholakale ubulungisa nokunemba ukuze kugwenywe ukulahla abavoti abasayinwayo abahlukayo ngenxa yobudala, isimo sezokwelapha, noma amathuluzi okubhala.

Imibono Yomhlaba Wonke Ngemisebenzi Engekho

I-United States ayiyodwa enikeza ukuvota okungekho, nakuba isimiso sayo sihlukene kakhulu. Izinhlelo zentando yeningi eziningi zentando yeningi ezisekhona isikhathi eside zikhona ngeposi. Ngokwesibonelo, iSwitzerland iye yenza cishe zonke izivoti ngeposi amashumi eminyaka, inamazinga athatha ingxenye engaphezulu kuka-80% kuma-canton amaningi. ICanada ivumela ukuvota ngeposi kunoma yimuphi umhleli wovota, futhi kukhetho lwayo olungu-2021, cishe 10% yamavoti afakwa ngeposi. I-Australia ivumela ukuvota kwalabo abangakwazi ukuya ezindaweni zokuvota zakudala, kodwa abangayinikezi ngokubanzi. Uma kuqhathaniswa lezizimiso ziqokomisa ukuthi ukuvota okungekho kovota, okunemba, okunempumelelo, futhi lapho kusekelwa kakhulu imithetho eqinile, nemithetho esobala, nokwethenjwa umphakathi.

Isiphetho: Ukuqinisa Intando Yeningi Ngokungavunyelwa

Ukuvota akuyona indlela ehlukile yokufaka i-bolles; kuyisici esiyinhloko se-democracy enempilo, ehlanganisa ubuningi. Ngokususa imingcele yokuhlanganyela, kunika izakhamuzi amandla okucwenga ngenye indlela, ukukhubazeka, noma ukuhlelwa kwezingxabano. Nakuba izinselele ezifana nokukhathalela kwokulondeka, ukusayina ubufakazi, nokulahlwa kwebhola kusekhona, zidingidwa ngenguquko enengqondo, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, kanye ne-bipartarian. Njengoba i-United States iqhubeka icwenganisa izinqubo zayo zokuvota, ukukhula okufikela kokuvota okungekho kuyohlala kusemqoka. U Voter oqonda isimiso futhi asebenzise ukuvikelwa kwaso, ukulondoloza ukuthi zonke izindaba zisebenza kusiza kanjani ukubambisana.