I-conomet iwuphawu lokubusa kwentando yeningi, inikeza izakhamuzi amandla okulawula izimiso, abaholi, nemithetho echaza umphakathi wazo. Ezweni lapho amalungelo omphakathi evame ukuqina futhi ngezinye izikhathi athambe, ukuqonda ukubaluleka okukhulu kokuvota akuyona nje inqubo engokwemfundo nje ephambili. Ukukhetha kunikeza ithuba lokuthonya indlela yomphakathi, isizwe, ngisho nezindaba zomhlaba wonke. Nakuba kunjalo izigidi zabavoti abafanelekayo zihlala ezinhlangothini eziseceleni ngenxa yokudidelwa, ukunganaki, noma imingcele elawulayo. Lesi sihloko sihlola ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, indima yako ebucayi ekwakheni okungokongalawuleka kwanamuhla, ukuhleleka kwenqubo, izithiyo, izithiyo ezikhona njalo, ngisho nezindaba zomhlaba.

Umlando Wokuzwa Umsindo

Ilungelo lokuvota, ngokuvamile elibhekiselwa kulo njengelithi cuffal noma i-franse, liye lathatha uhambo olude nolunesiyaluyalu. E-Athene yasendulo, eyayibhekwa kakhulu njengendabuko yentando yeningi, ukuvota kwakulinganiselwe ezakhamuzini zabesilisa ezazinempahla (izigqila, izigqila, nezizwe). Emakhulwini amaningi kamuva, ohulumeni abaningi babenqabela ukuvota abantu abavelele. AmaMagna Carta ngo-1215 ahlwanyela imbewu yokuqala yokubusa kwabameleli baseNgilandi, kodwa indawo yonke yahlala iyiphupho elikude. Akuzange kube yiphupho laze kube amakhulu ekhulu le-19 namashumi amabili eminyaka lapho izinhlangano zomphakathi zaqala ukubekela lokhu kukhetha okuhleleka.

Ukuhamba Kwabesifazane Ngenkani

Umzabalazo wamalungelo abesifazane okuvota wakhula phakathi kwawo-18800. Ngo-1848, iSivumelwano seMpophoma iSeneca eUnited States sakhipha isimemezelo seMikhosi efuna amalungelo alinganayo, kuhlanganise nevoti. Amaphayona anjengoSusan B. Anthony noElizabeth Cady Stanton abhekana nokuhlekwa usulu, ukuboshwa, nokulahlwa kwasobala. Nokho phakathi namashumi eminyaka okuhlela, ukunxenxenxela, nokungalaleli komphakathi, abesifazane eNew Zealand baba abokuqala ukuzuza amalungelo okuvota ngo-1893. IUnited States yalandela iSichimbiso se 19 ngo-19 ngo-192020, futhi ezinye izizwe eziningi zakhula kancane kancane ngemva kweMpi Yezwe I neMpi Yezwe II.

Inhlangano Yamalungelo Abantu Nesivumelwano Samalungelo Abantu

Ngisho nangemva kwesiqinisekiso somthetho-mthetho esingokomthetho, amaqembu amaningi ahlukaniswa ngokuphumelelayo ngemithetho yokukhipha umthetho-mthetho, intela yokukhokha intela yokuvota, ukuhlola ukufunda nokusabisa. E-United States, i-Civil Rights Movement of the 1950 no 1960s yabhekana ngokuqondile nalokhu kungabi nabulungisa. Izenzakalo zezwe ezinjengo 1965 Selma eMontgomey zaholela ekudluleni kwe-Voting Rights Act ka-1965, okungavunyelwe ukucwasabalaza ngokohlanga ekuvoteni. Ingxabano efanayo iye yanda emhlabeni wonke (kusukela ekuvimbeleni i-apartheid) ekubhikiseni iprop-modecracy eMyanmar. Ukunqoba ngakunye kugcizelela ukuthi ukuhambela kwelungelo lokuvota akunakali nhlobo; kumelwe kuvinywe futhi kuvinjelwe ngokuqhubekayo.

Izenzakalo Eziyingqopha - mlando Emhlabeni Wonke Ekuhwebeni Ngamalungelo

Emhlabeni wonke, ukwanda kwe-suffgence kuye kwalandela izindlela ezihlukene. I-Australia yanikeza abesifazane ilungelo lokuvota ngo-19902 kodwa yakhipha abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe kwaze kwaba ngo-1962. IFinland yayiyisizwe sokuqala saseYurophu ukuvumela abesifazane ukuba bamela iphalamende ngo-19906. Amazwe amaningi eLatin America nase-Asia andisa amalungelo okuvota ngemva kwezinhlangano zokuzibusa phakathi nekhulu leminyaka. Namuhla, cishe zonke izizwe ziphethe ukhetho, nakuba ubulungisa nokungaguquguquki kwalo khetho kuhluka kakhulu. Ukuqonda lomlando kusiza izakhamuzi ukuba ziqonde ukubaluleka kokhetho lwazo futhi ziqaphele ukuthi ukuvota kuyilungelo elitholakala ngezizukulwane zezenzo zobuProvi.

Isizathu Sokuba Kuphathwe Izinto

Ukuqamba akuyona nje indlela engokwesiko; kuyindlela izakhamuzi eziveza ngayo ingqikithi yazo. Uma uvota, awukhethi nje kuphela umuntu ozobhapathizwa − uvuma ukubona ikusasa, ukubeka impikiswano phambili, futhi ubeke abaholi icala. Izizathu zokuvota zingahlelwa ezindaweni eziningana eziyinhloko.

Ukumelela Nezinhlobonhlobo Zamazwi

Intando yeningi enempilo idinga ukuba zonke izingxenye zomphakathi zibe nesihlalo etafuleni. Uma ukuvuleka kuphansi noma kukhucululwa kwenani elithile labantu, imiphumela yezimiso ithambekele ekusekeleni abavoti abakhuthele. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imiphakathi ehluzekile, imiphakathi yasemaphandleni, namaqembu amancane angayisekela izidingo zazo. Imininingwane evela e-Censureal Bureauniars ibonisa njalo ukuthi abantu abadala, abacebile, nabamhlophe abavoti abaphezulu, okusho intsha namaqembu athola imali ephansi ngokuvamile abanethonya elincane. Ngokuvota, izakhamuzi zonke zenezela izwi lazo ekwayaleni, zikhuthaza uhulumeni oveza izinhlobonhlobo zeqiniso zezwe.

Ukulandisa Nokuziphendulela

Izikhulu eziqashelwayo ezikwaziyo ukuthi zibhekene nokhetho oluvamile zithambekele kakhulu ekuthatheni isinyathelo esithinta umphakathi. Usongo lokuvota ngaphandle kwehhovisi lukhuthaza izishayamthetho ukuba zikhulume ngezinkathazo zabanye, zidlulise imithetho enengqondo, futhi zigweme inkohlakalo. Ngokuphambene, lapho ivoti iphansi, abavoti bangase banganaki, futhi ukudideka kungaholela ekuthatheni umthetho. Amazwe avota okusemthethweni, njenge-Australia neBelgium, ngokuvamile abona ukusabela okuphakeme kakhulu kukahulumeni ngenxa yokuthi abezombangazwe kumelwe banxuse bonke abavoti, hhayi nje abambalwa abakhulumayo.

Amandla Nezimpawu Eziyikho

Ukuvota kunikeza abantu umuzwa ophathekayo wenhlangano. Kuguqula izikhonzi ezingazinzile zibe izakhamuzi ezikhuthele ezinikela ekuqondiseni umphakathi wazo. Lokhu kunikeza amandla kunenzuzo ezingokwengqondo nezezenhlalo: ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi abantu abavotayo bathambekele kakhulu ekuvoteleni, balandele izindaba, futhi bahileleke kweminye imisebenzi yomphakathi. Ukuncoma kuqinisa futhi umqondo wokuthi izwe lingelabantu balo, hhayi izithakazelo zezikhulu noma zezinhlangano.

Ithonya Lesimiso Ekuphileni Kwansuku Zonke

Kusukela emazingeni entela nakunakekelwa kwezempilo ekutholeni imfundo exhasa imali kanye nezimiso zendawo ezungezile, izinqumo ezenziwa izikhulu ezikhethiwe zithinta zonke izici zokuphila. Okhetho lwendawo, ngokuvamile lunganakiwe, lunqume izinqubo zesikole, imithetho yokwakha, nezimiso zokuphepha zomphakathi. Ukhetho luhlela imithetho yangaphandle, amasu ezomnotho, namanetha okuphepha kwezenhlalo. Ngokuvota, izakhamuzi zithonya ngokuqondile lemiphumela. Ngokwesibonelo, ukhetho lwase-2020 U.S. lwabona umlando ukuhlolwa, okwaholela ekushintshweni kwemithetho elandelanayo ngokuphathelene nokushintshashintsha kwesimo sezulu, izakhiwo, nenqubo yokusabela komphakathi.

Inqubo Yokuthutha Imikhumbi

Nakuba izinqubo zentando yeningi zihlukahluka ngokwezwe nangamandla, izimiso eziningi zentando yeningi zinezinyathelo ezifanayo: ukubhalisa, ukufunda ngabazovota nangezindaba, ukuvota, nokuqinisekisa ubuqotho bokhetho.

Ukubhalisa ngevoter

Emazweni amaningi, izakhamuzi kumelwe zibhalisa ukuba zivote phambi kokhetho. Lenqubo ingaba lula noma iyinkimbinkimbi kuye ngemithetho yendawo. Amanye amazwe, njengaseJalimane nase Sweden, abhalisa izakhamuzi ngokuzenzakalela lapho zithola i-ID. Amanye, njenge-United States, adinga abantu ukuba baqhubeke besayina, ngokuvamile namasonto amisiwe ngaphambi kosuku lokhetho. USUSA. inikeza indawo yokuhlola isikhundla sokubhalisa. I-revolution igxeka ngoba amaqembu amaningi angabhaliswanga ngokomthetho akanakuphonsa i-consot. Amaqembu amaningi ahlela ukubhalisa inqubo.

Izindlela Zokusakaza

Intando yeningi yanamuhla inikeza izindlela eziningi zokuvota ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezimiso nezidingo ezihlukahlukene:

  • [ Ukuvota ngoSuku Lokhetho kuyindlela engokwesiko, enezindawo zokuhlola ezivuliwe kusukela ekuseni kakhulu kuya kubusuku. Amavoter angadinga ukubonisa ukuhlukanisa nokulinda emgqeni.
  • [ uvota kwasekuqaleni uvumela abantu ukuba baphonse ibhola labo phambi kosuku lokhetho phakathi nenkathi emisiwe, ukunciphisa ukuminyana futhi bavumelane nezimo.
  • Iposi-mail noma ukuphuma kokhetho ivumela abavoti ukuba bamukele futhi babuyise amabhola ngeposi. Lendlela iye yathandwa, ikakhulukazi ngemva kobhadane lwe-COVID-19, futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu ezifundeni ezinjenge-Oregon neWashington.
  • Kusetshenziswa ukuvota okungagunyaziwe kwamanye amazwe, nakuba ukukhathazeka ngokungaqiniseki nokuncishiswa kwe-inthanethi nokusetshenziswa kwe-athom kuye kwanciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo. I-Brazil ne-Indiya ziye zathatha izinqubo zobuchwepheshe ezweni lonke, kuyilapho idemokrasi eziningi zaseYurophu zisenokungabaza.

Indlela ngayinye inamandla nobuthakathaka. Ukuvota iposi kungakhuphuka kodwa kungabhekana nezikhawu ezithatha isikhathi. Ukuvota okuqondiswe kunikeza umuzwa womkhosi nokulondeka kodwa kungafinyelelwa kubantu abakhubazekile noma abasebenza isikhathi eside.

Ukukhetha Ubuqotho Nokulondeka

Ukuthembela enqubweni ye-elevotal kubalulekile. Izilinganiso ezinjengemithetho ye-id yomvoti, imikhondo yephepha, ukuhlola i-post ukhetho, kanye nemishini yokuzinyulela ezimele kuyasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukunemba. Nokho, izimpikiswano zokuphepha nokungena zivame ukuhlukahluka. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Brennan Center for Justice [ iphikisana ngokuthi imithetho eqinile ye-ID iyakwazi ukuvimba phakathi kwedlanzana futhi ithole abavoti abambalwa ngaphandle kokukhwaba ngokuphawulekayo. Ngokuphikisana nalokho, abasekeli bemithetho enjalo baveza isidingo sokuqiniseka esimisweni. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umuntu umthetho umthetho usebenza kanjani, ukuqonda ukuthi uvota ovota abagunyaza ukusekela imithetho elungile.

Izithiyo Zokusakaza Imikhiqizo

Naphezu kokuthi zikhona izikhalazo zendawo yonke, izakhamuzi eziningi zibhekana nezithiyo ezinciphisa amathuba azo okuvota.

Imithetho Yokusebenzisa Izincwadi Nokucindezelwa

Kumazwe amaningana ase-U.S. nakwamanye amazwe, kuye kwamiswa imithetho efuna izindlela ezithile zokuthola izithombe. Nakuba ihloselwe ukuvimbela ukukhwabanisa, lemithetho ithinta ngokungenakuqhathaniswa asebekhulile, abantu abamibala, nabangenayo imibala ephansi abantu okungenzeka bantula amalayisense omshayeli noma amapassport. Ngokwesibonelo, ucwaningo lwango-2019 lwathola ukuthi cishe oyedwa kwabangu-10 abavoti abafanelekayo e-U.S. wayengenayo i-ID yezithombe zikahulumeni efakiwe. Ukuvinjelwa kwamavoter kuhlanganisa futhi nokuncishwa kwemivolo evota, ukunciphisa izindawo zokuvota ezindaweni ezimbalwa, futhi unciphisa amahora okuvota aphambili.

Izinselele Zokufinyelela

Abantu abakhubazekile bavame ukubhekana nezithiyo ezingokomzimba eziteshini zokuhlola − ezikhokhwayo, ukuntuleka kwe-Braille noma ama-operathi aqophayo, nokungaqeqeshelwanga izisebenzi zokukhetha. Usizo lwe-U.S. lwaseMelika Vote lwango 2002 luhloselwe ukuthuthukisa uMthetho wokuthola, kodwa ukuvuma kuhlala kungafani. Ngokufanayo, abavoti ezindaweni zasemaphandleni kungase kudingeke bahambe amabanga amade ukuze bavote, kuyilapho abahlala emadolobheni kungase kubhekene nemigqa emide ngenxa yezindawo ezingaphansi kwezingasese. Imingcele yolimi ivimbela nezikhulu ezingameleli; ukunikeza abaqondisi nabatoli bamagama abakhuluma ngezindlela eziningi kungasiza.

Ukungaqondi Nokungaqondi

Ukusakazwa kokwaziswa okungamanga ngokuvota − uma futhi kuphi lapho kungavota khona, kudinga amabhukwana, noma ukulondeka kwamaphepha eposi angaphakathi − kungadida futhi kudide ukuthatha uhlangothi. Amapulatifomu ezenhlalo asetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa izinkulumo ezidukisayo, ngezinye izikhathi ngabadlali bangaphandle abafuna ukuphazamisa idemokrasi. Ukunqanda ulwazi kudinga imfundo yokufunda nokubhala ngezindaba, ukuqondisa iqiniso ngezinhlangano ezithenjwayo ezinjenge FacCC.org[, kanye nokuxhumana okunenzuzo okuvela ezikhulwini zokhetho.

Ukuhlobisa Nokushayisa

Imingcele yokudweba yesifunda sesifunda ukuze kutholwe isigaba esisodwa (i-germanitor) ingadambisa ithonya lamavoti. Lapho izifunda ziklanyelwe ukugxilisa noma ukusakaza abasekeli beqembu, imiphumela yokukhetha ayinciphi futhi ayikhanyisi kakhulu ngentando ethandwayo. Amanye amazwe asebenzisa imishini ezimele ukuze abeke imingcele, ukunciphisa ukuxhaphaza abashokobezi.

Ukuntengantenga Kwezomnotho Nesikhathi

Izisebenzi ezihola kancane zingakhandleka ukuthatha isikhathi sokuvota, ikakhulukazi uma umqashi wazo engaliniki ikhefu elikhokhelwayo. Abazali abangabodwa, izisebenzi ezisebenza ngeshifu, nabanakekeli ngokuvamile bakuthola kunzima ukuvota. Ukwenza i-Evolution Day yeholide, ukwandisa ukuvota kwakuqala, nokunika isikhathi esikhokhelweyo kungaxazulula lemingcele yezomnotho.

Ingxenye Ekhuthazayo Yomsebenzi Wesibonda

Ukuvota kwandayo kudinga ukuba kususwe izithiyo futhi kwakhiwe isiko lokuhlanganyela. Ukuthembisana ngesivumelwano kuyimijikelezo emihle: lapho abantu bevota ngokwengeziwe, lapho bebona ukubaluleka kokuvota.

Imfundo Eyizinhlamvu Ezikoleni

Intsha eningi ayitholi mfundo engokomthetho ngendlela yokuvota, ukuthi kungani kubalulekile, noma indlela uhulumeni osebenza ngayo. Ikhomishane ifundisa umphakathi wesizwe − ukufihla umthetho-sisekelo, amaqembu ezombangazwe, umlando wokukhipha, kanye nomakhenkethisi wokhetho .Acan demysfiste inqubo nokwenyuka. Izinhlelo ezinjenge i-Cicons, eyasungulwa nguMahluleli Sandra Day O’Connor, inikeza abafundisi imithombo yesihle.

Ukuphambaniswa Kwezinti Zomoya Okusekelwe Emphakathini

Izinhlangano zendawo, amaqembu okholo, kanye nezingazuzisi ngokuvamile zithatha izinyathelo zokuphuma emnyango. Lezi zihlanganisa ukungqongqoza iminyango, ukubhalisa ucingo, ukumema abantu abazothatha indawo, nokulungiselela izinto zokuhamba ezitolweni. Ukucwaninga kweyaseYaLT’s I-Institution for Social and Policy Studies kubonisa ukuthi izingxoxo zomuntu siqu zomakhelwane zingezinye zezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokwandisa.

Ukusebenzisa Ubuchwepheshe Nemithombo Yezobuchwepheshe

Amathuluzi emishini angabhalisa indawo yokuhlola, anikeze indawo yokwaziswa kokuhlola, futhi akhumbuze abantu ukuba bavote. Amaphutha afana .org asiza abasebenzisi ukuba babhalise futhi bacele ukuba baphumele ngaphandle. Ama-computer ezezokuxhumana angasebenza futhi njengabaqoqi abanamandla kakhulu ." uma amapulatifomu enciphiswa ekukhipheni ulwazi olusemthethweni kanye nokuhlela okugunyaziwe. Imikhankani ingabeka izikhawulo ezithile ngemiyalezo yomuntu siqu emayelana nezindaba abazikhathalelayo.

Umqashi Nokusekela Kwezinhlangano

Amaqembu angakhuthaza ukuvota ngokunikeza isikhathi esikhokhelwayo, afake imvume yokubhalisa umvoti, futhi avumelane neminikelo yezisebenzi ekutholeni imizamo engekho kwesigaba. Amakholiji namayunivesithi angamisa izindawo zokuvota zasesikoleni futhi ahlanganise ukubhaliswa kwevoti. Ukusekela okunjalo kwenza ukuvota kube lula futhi kwenza kube lula ngabantu abamatasa ukuba bahlanganyele.

Indima Yezingoma Ezincane

Intsha (eneminyaka engu-18-29) imelela inani elinamandla labantu eliye lathatha inguquko engokomlando liphansi kunamaqembu amadala − kodwa lokho kuyashintsha. Kukhetho lwa 2020 e-U.S., intsha yafinyelela ku-50% okokuqala ngqá emashumini eminyaka, iqhutshwa izimpikiswano ezinjengoshintsho lwesimo sezulu, isikweleti somfundi, nobulungisa bezenhlalo. Ukuvota kwentsha kubalulekile enkathini ende yezentando yeningi.

Izindaba Ezishukumisa Intsha

Ukuthatha isinyathelo esithengwayo esingokwesimo sezulu, imfundo ethengwayo, ukwahlulela ngokohlanga, amalungelo okuzala, nethuba lezomnotho kuhamba phambili ohlwini lwabavoti abaningi abasebasha. Abathathi abakhuluma ngalezindaba ngokuyiqiniso bangabangela ukuguqukela okukhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho abahilelekile bengakunaki ukukhathazeka kwabasha, ukunganaki kuyakhula. Imibutho enjenge yeWethu Lives[, ehlelwe ngabasindeli besikole sase Parkland, ibonisa ukuthi intsha ingasekela ngamandla izimiso ezithile futhi ihumushele ukucindezela kokhetho.

Ukunqoba UbuCynic Nokunganaki

Abanye abavoti abasebasha banomuzwa wokuthi ukuvota kwabo akunandaba, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezingalindi noma ezifundeni ezidunyiswe. Ukumelana nalokhu kudinga ukuhlanganisa okubonakalayo phakathi kokuvota noshintsho lwenqubo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukhetho lwamashumi angamashumi amahlanu aphakathi nenkathi ka-2018 lwabonisa intsha ibuya, okwaholela ekuqhutshekisweni kwezimiso eziqhubekayo kwezinye izizwe. I-sountain-evel-peice, imikhankaso yezembu yezembuzwano ethonyeni, nezinhlangano zentsha eziqishiwe njenge-SepteGen America zisiza ekususeni ukudukiswa kwekhono.

Ukunciphisa Inkathi Yokusaphaza

Amanye amazwe nomasipala baye bacabangela ukwehlisa iminyaka yokuvota ibe ngu-16 noma 17 ukuze kukhethwe abantu bendawo. Abasekeli baphikisa ngokuthi intsha isengozini yemfundo nezimiso zendawo ezungezile, futhi ukuvota kwakuqala kwakha imikhuba yokuphila konke. Abaphikisi bakhathazeka ngokuvuthwa nolwazi. iScotland yavumela izigebengu eziyi-16 neshumi elinesixhenxe leminyaka ukuba zivote ku-2014 ukuvota, futhi ukucwaninga kwabonisa ukuthembisana okukhulu phakathi kwalaba bavoti abasha.

Isiphetho

Ukuqamba kuyilungelo futhi kuwumthwalo wemfanelo, − indlela eqondile kakhulu yezakhamuzi ezivamile ukuba zilolonge uhulumeni wazo. Umlando wokuvota uyindaba yokulwa nentuthuko, isikhumbuzo sokuthi ukuthatha isinyathelo ngentando yeningi akuqinisekisiwe. Kusukela kubantu abalwela amalungelo abesifazane kuya kubantu abashisekela amalungelo omphakathi abafaka ukuphila kwabo engozini ukuze bafinyelele ukuphila kwabo ngokulinganayo, isizukulwane ngasinye kumelwe sivuselele ukuzinikela ebhokisini lebhola lomthetho.

Nokho, ukuvota kukodwa akwanele. Ukukhetha ngentando yeningi okunempumelelo kudinga futhi ukuthenjiswa phakathi nokhetho: ukubhalela izikhulu, ukuthatha amahholo edolobha, ukujoyina amaqembu okuvota, nokubeka abaholi icala. Kodwa isenzo sokuvota sisalokhu siyisisekelo. Kugunyaza uhulumeni, kuvumela amazwi ahlukene, futhi kunikeza isakhamuzi ngasinye isigxobo esikhathini esizayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumvoti wokuqala noma ungumhlanganyeli onolwazi, ukuthatha isilinganiso sovota kwakho. Bregi, funda i-bolota, futhi ubonise. UDemoraccas uyajabula lapho izakhamuzi zihlanganyela.