Ukubaluleka Kokwenza Izincwadi Zemvume: Ukwenza Inkokhelo Ifinyeleleke Kubo Bonke

Ukuvota kwamuva kuye kwashintsha kakhulu. Phakathi nendawo yokuvota kwaqala ukuthatha indawo yentando yeningi. Ngokuvumela izakhamuzi ukuba ziphonse amabhola ngaphandle kokuvakashela indawo yokuvota engokoqobo ngoSuku Lokhetho, amabhuloho angekhoyo anzima ekungeniseni. Emashumini eminyaka amuva, ingxenye yabavoti abasebenzisa amabhola angekhoyo ikhule ngokuphawulekayo. Phakathi nokhetho olungu 2020 oluvamile, i- 43% ye-U.S. abavoti bafaka amabhola okuvota eposi, ngokwezinga .S. I-OVCrective Commission [ engcono kakhulu]. Lokhu kugcizelela iqiniso elibalulekile: ukhetho olubalulekile kuphela uma wonke amavota afanelekayo ehlanganyela, kungakhathaliseki impilo, isimiso sokwakheka, noma isimiso sohlelo. Lesi sihloko sihlola ukubaluleka kohlelo, izinselele, izinselele, izinselele zomlando, izingozi, izingozi, izinhlelo ezidingekayo.

Kuyini Ukungahambisani Nemisebenzi?

Uvota kwe-abree kubhekisela enqubweni esetshenziswa ngayo abavoti ngaphambi koSuku Lokuvota ngaphandle kokuba babe khona ngokoqobo esiteshini sabo sokuvota esimisiwe. Igama ekuqaleni elisetshenziswa ezisebenzini zezempi ezibekwe kude nekhaya, kodwa manje lihlanganisa umehluko omkhulu wezimo. Nakuba ngokuvamile lisetshenziswa ngokungafaniyo ne- i-mail vhota , ukuvota kwe-posi okungekhoyo kungahlanganisa kokubili i-i-ibhola novota kwasekuqaleni ezindaweni ezimisiwe. Ezinye izifunda ezihlukanisa phakathi "no-excuse" ukuvota" ukuvota (akanye uvotahthi olungenasizathu) kanye "uhluzo-kukhipha" ukuvota okungaphandle kwe-otavhoota (unyaka kumelwe kunikeze isizathu esingokomthetho sokugula, noma ukukhubazeka). Ukuqonda lokhu ukuhlukanisa okubalulekile.

Izici eziyinhloko

  • Phendula ukuthatha iqhaza: Ballot iyalahlwa egcekeni elabelwe umvoti.
  • [[I-FLT:0] Ukuvumelana ne-pane: Ivota zingaqeda futhi zibuyisele amabhola izinsuku noma amasonto phambi koSuku lokukhetha.
  • Izindlela zokuhambisa ezivaliweyo: Ballot zingathunyelwa, zihlezi ebhokisini elilondekile, noma zibuyiswe phambi komuntu emahhovisi okukhetha.

Ukuziphendukela Okungokomlando Kokungavunyelwa

Imsuka yokungahoxi kwe-Union ebuyela emuva eRepublic yokuqala, kodwa isimo sayo sanamuhla savela ekudingweni kwezempi. Phakathi neMpi Yombango yaseMelika, izifunda-zwe eziningi zakhipha imithetho eyenza amasosha akwazi ukuvota ngeposi evela enkundleni yempi. Lomkhuba wavuma ukuthi labo abalwela i-Union babefanelwe izwi ekukhetheni abaholi babo. NgeMpi Yezwe I, ukuvota kwamasosha okuye kwabekwa ngaphandle kwemvume yabekwa phambili. Inkonzo yango1944 iReaplument Act (GI Bill) isivikelo esesandisiwe senkonzo samalungu angayivotela i-votiee. Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, kancane kancane yandisa ukuvota kwababethwa kwababengekho empini, okokuqala kwasebe nabakhubazekile, kwase kubafundi.

Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 kwaba nokwanda okuqhubekayo. iCalifornia yaba yizwe lokuqala ukunikeza ukuvota okungekhoyo ngo-1978. Ngo-2020, izifunda- 34 ne-Frigion of Columbia zavumela noma imuphi umvoti obhaliwe ukuba acele ibhola lomphathi ongekho ngaphandle kokunikeza izaba, ngokwe i-National Conference of State Legislatures. I-COVIID-19 katarazz ephambili emlandweni wokuvota, njengoba kunezimfuneko ezidambisa ukudamba okunganciphiyo.

Izinhlobo Zokuthutha Izincwadi

Izindlela ezihlukahlukene zifeza izidingo ezihlukene futhi ziletha izinselele ezihlukene zokuvota okungahambisani nokusebenza.

Umthumeli ku Abisee Ballot

Ifomu elivame kakhulu: abavoti bacela ifomu lokuvota, bayalithatha ngeposi, baliqede, balibuyisele ngeposi noma ngebhokisi lokulahla. Izindlela zokuphepha zihlanganisa ukuqinisekisa, ukulandelela i-barcode, kanye nezici zemvilophu zokuphepha. Ezinye zikhipha amavota kubo bonke ababhaliswe ngokuvota (ngomthungo jikelele), kuyilapho ezinye zidinga isicelo sokukhetha ngakodwa.

EPerson Absee Voing

Abavoti bavakashela ihhovisi lokhetho noma indawo yesiphuphutheki ngaphambi koSuku Lokhetho, baqedele ivoti eligaxwe nge-intshi, futhi bayithumele ngokushesha. Lendlela ihlanganisa ukuvumelana kokuvota kwasekuqaleni kanye nesivikelo sobuqotho sokuhlola okungagadiwe.

Ukuthunyelwa Kwezincwadi Ngemishini

Ezinye izikhulu zivumela abavoti abakhubazekile noma izisebenzi zezempi zaphesheya ukuba babuyise amabhola ngefax, i-imeyili, noma i-partum elondekile ku-inthanethi. Nakuba kungcono, ukudluliswa kwe-electronic kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka nge-inthanethi futhi kusetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko njengendlela yokugcina yokukhokha. i-Federal Voting Active Program[ inikeza iziqondiso zokuhlanganisa nokwenza abavoti bamaza ngokusebenzisa izindlela zogesi.

Izinzuzo Zokuthunyelelwa

Ukuvota okungavunyelwani kuthuthukisa inqubo yokubophana nokungaguquguquki kwentando yeningi.

I - “pother froff ” ephakeme

Ukucwaninga okungaguquguquki kuhlanganisa ukuvota okufinyelelwe okungafinyeleleki ekukhetheni imvume ekhushuliwe. Ukuhlolwa kuka-2018 eYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, iBerkeley yathola ukuthi ama-gassion angekho novoti anyuka ngama-3 kuya ku-5 ngamaphesenti uma kuqhathaniswa nezindawo ezifuna izaba. Phakathi nokhetho lwama-2020, izifunda ezikuvota iposi emhlabeni wonke zazinesilinganiso esiphezulu kunemithetho eqinile, ngokwe- ukuhlolwa kwe-National Vote eHome Institute

Ukukhathalela Abantu Abangalawuleki

Uvota lususa izithiyo ezingokomzimba neziwukuvota ezithinta ngokungenakulinganiswa abantu asebekhulile, abantu abakhubazekile, abesifazane abakhulelwe, izisebenzi ezihamba ngeshifu, nezakhamuzi zasemaphandleni ezihamba amabanga amade ukuya ezindaweni zokuhlola. Kulabo abanesifo esingalapheki noma abakhubazekile, ukulinda emigqeni emide akuyona nje into enzima.

Ukucindezeleka Kosuku Lokukhetha

Abavoti bangahlola izinto zokuvota ekhaya, abacwaningi kanye nezimpikiswano ngaphandle kokucindezela kwesikhathi, futhi babuyisele amavoti ngokungcono kwabo. Lokhu kushintshashintsha kunciphisa ukukhathazeka kwabavoti futhi kunciphisa ukuminyana kwendawo yokuvota, kuholele emigqeni emifushane yabavoti.

Ukudambisa Izindleko

Nakuba ukusetshenziswa komsebenzi wokuqala kudinga ukutshala imali ezimisweni zokuvota, imfundo, nemishini yokulungisa, ukuhlola okuthatha isikhathi eside okuvela ezifundazweni ezinjengeColorado kubonisa ukuthi ukuvota iposi yonke izindleko zeposi kunciphisa izindleko zezisebenzi zasesiteji, ukuvota izindawo, nemishini yokuvota.

Izinselele Nokugxeka Ukungamthandi

Ukuqonda lezi zinselele kubalulekile ukuze umphakathi uhlale umethemba.

Ukudideka Kwezindwangu Negebe Lemfundo

Abavoti abaningi abaqiniseki ukuthi bangacela kanjani ukuthatha ibhodi lokuvota ngaphandle, ukuthi imiphi imikhawulo emisiwe, noma ukuthi ingagcwaliswa kanjani ngokufanele futhi ibuyiselwe ifomu lokuvota. Ukuhlolwa kuka-2022 kwe-Pew Research Center kwathola ukuthi amaphesenti angu-18 abavoti ababhaliwe abafuna ukuvota abaphoswe isikhathi sokuphuma ngenxa yokuntula ulwazi.

Ukuphepha Kwebhola Nokuphamba

Nakuba ukucwaninga kulokhu kubonisa ukuthi ukukhwabanisa kwabavoti kuyivela kancane kakhulu .I-Brennan Center yeJaji ithole amazinga okuphambana phakathi kuka-0.00004% kanye no-0.09% wamavoti alahla − izikhankaso ezisalokhu zikhona. Amaphutha okuqinisekisa angasusa abavoti abasayinwa abashintshayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yobudala, ukukhubazeka, noma ukuguquguquka. Ama-mameyili futhi asengozini yokwebiwa ebhokisini leposi, nakuba izenzakalo ezinjalo zihlala zingandile.

Ukwenezelwa Kwezombangazwe

Ukuvota kwemvume kuye kwaba indawo yokuvota yabashokobezi. Ezinye izifundazwe ziye zamisa imithetho eqinile efuna i-ID, enqabela ukulahla amabhokisi, noma enciphisa isikhathi esivunyelwe ukucela nokubuyisela amavoloti angekho. Lezi zinyathelo zinganciphisa ukutholakala futhi zithinte ngokungenakuqhathaniswa imiphakathi eyingcosana, abafundi, nabavoti abahlawulwayo abaphansi. Izimpi ezingokomthetho ezingokomthetho ezingokomthetho ziyaqhubeka ezinkantolo kulo lonke izwe.

Ubuciko Obuyinkimbinkimbi

Ukuhlela izigidi zama-bollat eposi phakathi kwamahhovisi okukhetha ama-mimeter aqinile. U-staff kumele avule izimvilophu, aqinisekise izigqhibo, ama-collet, futhi awabale (kaningi) lapho esebenzisa futhi evota. Imali enganele, imishini engaphansi kwezisebenzi, nemishini ephelelwe isikhathi ingabambezela imiphumela nokungathembani nophethiloli. Amazwe afaka imali emvilophini evulekileyo nemishini yokuhlola i-octracode, njengoba kwenze uColorado no-Utah, inqubo yokuvota ye-posi isebenza kahle nangokunembile.

Ukubukeka Okungokomthetho Nokuqondisa

Ukuvota okugunyaziwe kulawulwa umsebenzi onciphileyo wemithetho kahulumeni, isiqondiso sikahulumeni, kanye nezinqumo zenkantolo. UMthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S. unikeza igunya eliyinhloko ekuqondiseni kokhetho, okuholela ekuhlukahlukahluka kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, izigaba 36 zidinga uhlobo oluthile lwe-ID yezicelo zovota ezingekho, kuyilapho ezingu-14 zingadingi. Izindinganiso zokuqinisekisa ziyahluka: ezinye izifunda zisebenzisa ukuqhathanisa okuzenzekelayo kwe-computer; ezinye zithembela kubabukeli abaqeqeshi bomuntu abaqeqeshiwe. Ngo-2021 no-202222, okungenani izikhulu zemithetho engu-19 ezifake imithetho yokukhipha izicelo ezivalelweyo, kuhlanganise nokulahla amabhokisi, ukungafuni ukuhlaliswa, noma ukubuya okufinyeza. Okwandisiwe ngokwenza imithetho yesikhashana ye-COVID.

Amacala ayinhloko alolonge ukuvota okungekho. Isinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme [20] se-Democratic Committee National v.Wisconsin State Legislature yavumela ukuphelelwa kwe-ligithi ye-octives phakathi kobhadayo. Icala Ricardson v. UNobhala weSizwe [FLT:] [FLT] 2020] wakhuluma ngezindaba zokwelapha eziyimfihlo ngokufuna ukukhubazeka okungekho.

Imikhuba Emihle Kakhulu Yezikhulu Zokukhetha

Ukuze bandise izinzuzo futhi banciphise izingozi zokungavoti, abaphathi bokhetho kufanele bamukele imikhuba esekelwe ebufakazini.

Ukukhulumisana Okucacile, Okufinyelelekayo

Nikeza iziyalezo ngezinyawo ngezilimi eziningi namafomethi (kuphrinta, kuyi-website, ividiyo). Sebenzisa ulimi olulula ukuchaza isikhathi esimisiwe, izizathu ezamukelekayo zokuvota kwalowo ongekho (uma kudingeka), nendlela yokulandela isimo sokuvota. Umngane nezinhlangano zomphakathi ukuze ufinyelele amaqembu angaphansi kwe-intelligence.

Isisebenziso esiminyene kanye nenqubo yokubuya

Nikeza amatheku okuvota ahlangene nezindawo zokubhalisa zikahulumeni. Vumela abavoti ukuba babuyise amabhola ngamabhokisi alondekile okulahla, amaposi akhokhelwayo, noma kumahhovisi esifundazwe. Qinisekisa ukuthi ulahla amabhokisi alula, aqashelwe, futhi atholakale ka-24/7 phakathi nenkathi yokuvota. Susa izinyathelo ezingadingekile njengokungagunyazi ukuvota okuningi, okusho njengoCalifornia noVermont ukucutha imingcele.

Izinyathelo Zokuphepha Eziwubugebengu

Igcwalisa isignomende sokuqinisekisa ngokubukeza komuntu ngokuphikisana. Sebenzisa ama-barcode ahambelanayo nezimiso zokulandelela eziqinisekisa uma ama-collet abo enyatheliswa, ethunyelwa, etholwa, futhi ebalwa. Uhlelo lwezibalo zangemva kokhetho oluhlanganisa ukuqhathaniswa kwe-asekho naku-person bolot. I-Bipartisan ihlolwa ngokulungisa i-bolot, njengoba kufunwa umthetho ezifundeni ezinjenge-Colorado, yakha ukwethemba komphakathi.

Izinhlelo Zemfundo Nezigaba

Qalisa imikhankaso ekhuluma ngezinganekwane ezivamile zokuvota okungekho. Beka ama-colot neziyalezo ngaphambi koSuku Lokhetho. Kubantu abangafundile kakhulu noma abakhubazekile, banikeza amathuluzi omshini okwazi ukubhalisa noma usizo olufinyelekile ezindaweni ezifinyelelekayo. AC's abavoti bakhiphe imithombo yemali [[ inikeza iziqondiso nemikhuba emihle kakhulu yezikhulu zendawo.

Imali Eyanele Nokukhangwa

Imali eyanele ayingenisi. UKhongolo-mthetho wabelwa imali nge-Help America Vote Act kanye nezindleko zosizo ezilandelayo ze-COVOID, kodwa iminikelo kahulumeni neyasendaweni ayilingani. Izikhulu kufanele zisekele iminikelo yemali ehlanganisa ukunyathelisa, iposi, indawo yokugcina, ukuqeqeshwa kwezisebenzi, kanye nemishini. Inqubo yamahhovisi okhetho angekho ngokushesha futhi namaphutha ambalwa.

Indima Yobuchwepheshe Ekuthunyweni Kwabantu

Ubuchwepheshe bungathuthukisa futhi bubangele ukuba kungabi nakuvota. Izicelo ze-operate zomtapo ziye zabonakala cishe zibanzi, zinciphisa amaphepha namaphutha. Ukuthunyelwa kwebhola lobuchwepheshe kuvamile phesheya nasemadodeni, nakuba izindaba zokuphepha zinciphisa ukwanda kwayo kubavoti basekhaya. Ezinye izikhundla ziye zazama ukusebenzisa izimiso zokuvota ezisekelwe kuvikini, ukubhalisa amarekhodi nokubhalisa izimali. Nokho, ochwepheshe bezesayensi yokusebenza ye-ibhulobhusayithi bayakwazi ukuthuthukisa ukuthuthukisa ukuhlasela okungaqinisekiyo: ukuhlasela okungabekiwe kwe-service, i-ibreware, futhi ngaphakathi kwenza ukuba i-mbhavcovota i-risksi engaphezulu kuneposi noma ezindleleni zokuvota. Umthetho wokhetho lungathuthukisa amathuluzi obuchwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe bokuvotahliswa.

Ubuchwepheshe bokuqinisekisa bungaguquguquki. Indlela elinganiselwe yokuqinisekisa (umz., ifanelana nesithombe somvoti othwele isithombe esithunyelwe phansi) iyavivinywa ezimisweni zokuqondisa izindiza ezisezifundeni njengeNtshona Virginia. Nakuba ithembisa, lezizindlela ziphakamisa ukukhathazeka yimfihlo futhi kumelwe zisetshenziswe ngezivikelo zemininingwane eziqinile. Indlela elinganiselweyo ihlela ukulondeka ngaphandle kokudela ukufinyela; ngokwesibonelo, ivumela abavoti ukuba bacele ama-colot angekho kulayini kodwa ifuna ukuba babuyise i-colot engokoqobo.

Imibono Yomhlaba Wonke Ngemisebenzi Engekho

Ukuvota kwe-bobsee akuyona nje i-Melika kuphela. Izizwe emhlabeni wonke ziye zamukela izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene. ISwitzerland iye yacela ukuvota kweposi ezweni lonke kusukela ngawo-1970, futhi umvoti waya khona wanda kakhulu ngemva kokusetshenziswa. E-Estonia, abavoti bangafaka amabhola ku-inthanethi ku-nethiwebhuthi ye-ID yesizwe; kusukela ngo 2005, ukuvota kuye kwakhula ukuze kumele ingxenye yakho yonke imivoti evotelweyo. Isimiso sisebenzisa ukuqeda ukukhomba okuya ekupheleni futhi sivumela ukuqinisekisa ivoti yabo nge-electal appal. Nokho, inani elincane labantu base-interlinear ne-interlinear lifaka isilinganiso esiqondile se-fashinicletio enkulu, esincush.

ECanada, ukuvota okungekho kutholakala kuzo zonke izakhamuzi ngezincwadi ezibhaliwe zeposi, kodwa ukuvota phakathi kwabavoti baphesheya kuhlala kuphansi ngenxa yezinkinga zokubhalisa. I-Australia ivumela ukuvota kwamaphepha athunyelwa ngalabo abangakwazi ukuya ngokoqobo, kodwa ukuvota ngenkani kudala izisusa ezihlukene. Amazwe anjenge-United Kingdom neJalimane anikeza ukuvota ngesidingo esiphezulu kakhulu. Lobufakazi obubonisa ukuthi ukuvota okungekho mazwe ngamazwe akubululazi ukuvota ngokuzenzekelayo ukuvota kokhetho olusemthethweni; kunalokho, ukuvota kuxhomeke ekuqondiseni okusobala, ukuphatha kwe-partina, nokuvota.

Ikusasa Lokuthuthwa Kwabantu

Isu lokungatholakali kovota ekhonweni lokuqhubeka nokwanda nokuthuthukiswa. Umqedazwe we-COVOVAD-19 wafakazela ukuthi ukuvota iposi ngesilinganiso esikhulu kuyasebenza; izikhulu zika-2020 zazinezimiso eziqinile ezikhona ngaphambi kokuba 2020 ziqoqe imisebe emikhulu ngezinkinga ezimbalwa. I-Post-pandemic, ezinye izifunda ezinjengo-Nevada noVermont ziye zaqala ukuvota iposi yasikhathi sonke, kuyilapho ezinye ziye zabuyela ezimithethweni eziqinile. Isimiso sokungena esiwumphumela siyaqhubeka, sishukunyiswa yizici zezombangazwe namasiko.

Izimiso zokuhlanganisa i-"hybrid" izimo ezihlanganisa ukuthunyelwa kweposi okuzenzekelayo kanye nezikhungo zokuvota eziqinile ezisemgangathweni. Ubuchwepheshe obungcono ekubhaleni ibhola elibuqamama (imishini ye-electronic ekwaziyo enyathelisayo) bungavala igebe labavoti ngokukhubazeka koshicilelo. Izimiso zokulungisa i-oda enikeza imibhalo noma izaziso ze-imeyili kuzo zonke izinyathelo zinganciphisa ukubuya komkhondo olahlekileyo nokuzethemba. Ekugcineni, ukuqhubeka nokucwaninga kulondekile ekubuyeleni kulayini ye-bolobolot − (njenge-] Izimiso ezishicilelwe i-Foundation ] umsebenzi owenzisa izingozi zengozi ezihambisana nokuncintiniswa kwemigqa yemigqa eqondile.

Isiphetho

Ukuvota okungekho kumane nje kuyinzuzo; kuyindlela eyisisekelo yokusekela isimiso sentando yeningi sokuthi sonke isakhamuzi esifanelekayo kufanele sibe nethuba elibalulekile lokuvota. Ngokususa imingcele ehlobene nendawo, impilo, umsebenzi, nokukhubazeka, ukuvota okungekho, kuqinisa ukufakwa kwezimiso ezikhethiwe nokuthuthukisa ukufaneleka kwemiphumela. Nokho, ukuqaphela kwakho ngokugcwele kudinga ukuqapha okuqhubekayo: ukuqapha okucacile, ukulondeka okuqinile, ukusekela imali okwanele, nokubambisana kobubhanana okusemqoka. Njengoba i-United States kanye nezinye imibuso yentando yeningi iqhubeka ihlanza izimiso zayo ezikhethiwe, ukukhishwa kokuvota kuyoba yithuluzi elibalulekile lokunika abantu ilungelo lokuvota, kungakhathaliseki izimo ezingokoSuku lokuvota. Umgomo awukho neze ukwenza ukuvota kodwa kulula ukukwenza kube lula ukuba kutholakale, ngaphandle kokuhle kwethemba bonke, ukukholeka kobuswa kobuqotho.