I-Indiya ibhekene nokushintshwa okukhulu kwenani labantu abayizigidi ezingu-300. Njengoba ubude bokuphila benyuka futhi izinga lokuzala lincipha, isilinganiso sabantu asebekhulile emphakathini siyakhula ngejubane elingakaze libonwe ngaphambili. Ngo-2050, iZizwe Ezihlangene zihlela ukuthi cishe oyedwa kwabahlanu amaNdiya aneminyaka engu 60 noma ngaphezulu, umelela isisekelo esibanzi sokuvikela isithunzi, inhlalakahle, nelungelo lezakhamuzi ezikhulile. Lenqubo inikeza amathuba nezinselele ezinkulu zezenhlalakahle yesizwe, izimali zezenhlalakahle yabantu abadala, izinhlangano zezenhlalakahle, izindleko zezenhlalakahle, inhlonipho, nezokunakekela izinselele zezenhlalakahle, izinhlangano zezenhlalakahle, izinhlangano zezenhlalakahle, izinhlangano zezenhlalakahle, imibiko engokwezimo ephakeme, imibiko ephakeme, imibiko engokwezimonze, izinhlangano zezenhlalakahle, nezingatshalo ezingoko ngokomthetho, imibiko ephakeme, imibiko ephakeme, imibiko ephakeme, imibiko ephakeme, imithombo yezokutholwa, imibiko ephakeme, imibiko ephakeme, nezinhlazingeni ephakeme.

Isizinda Nentuthuko Yomthetho Wesizwe Ngabantu Asebekhulile

Izimpande ze-NPOP zisebunsuntwini benani labantu baseNdiya. Njengoba intuthuko ikhona empilweni yomphakathi, ukulawulwa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, nokuncipha kokufa, isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila senyuka kusukela eminyakeni engu-41 ngo-1960 kuya kwengaphezu kwengu-70 ngo-2020. Ngokwesilinganiso senani lokuzala kwezingane ezingaphezu kwezi-5 kusuka kubesifazane ngabanye ngonyaka ka-1970 kuya kuncipha kunyukela kumgangatho ongaphansi kwe-2,0 eminyakeni yamuva. Umphumela ukuguga: abantu abaningi abaphila isikhathi eside futhi abasha abangenamandla ukusekela. NgokweLongidinaring Ageing eNdiya (LASI, 2017,18), inani labantu asebekhulile (60,60,60,8, futhi ingxenye yabo endala (abangaphezu kuka-80) iyakhula ngokushesha.

Iphendula ngokuthi, i-Ministry of Social Justice and Malementment yamisa i-National Policy on Agent Persons, eyamenyezelwa ngokusemthethweni ngo-January 15, 1999. Isimiso sasiyisimiso sokuqala sezwe esinesilinganiso sokusingatha izidingo zamaNdiya asekhulile. Sakhiwa ezimisweni zokuhlelwa phakathi kwenkathi yokulingana, amandla, nokulunga kwezenhlalo. Ukubukezwa kwamuva ngo-2011 ngenjongo yokuqinisa inqubo yokuthuthukisa inqubo yokusebenza nokuvumelana nezindaba ezivelayo njenge-geriatric, ezobuchwepheshe, nenguquko yempesheni. Isimiso saneliswa yi-Mavein and Wevelvelvel of Parents and Severiental Act, 2007, enikeza izibophopho ezingokomthetho zezingane nezihlobo zokunakekela abazali asebekhulile, kanye nezinkantolo zokulungisa izikhalo. Okunye ukusekela ukuqulwa kwe-National Provident Programmential Provior (20) (20)

I-NPOP ithola isspirit esekelwe kuyi-United Nations Principles for Adersons (1991) ne-Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing (2002), egcizelela ukuzibusa, ukuhlanganyela, ukunakekela, ukuzigcwalisa, nesithunzi. Nokho, lenkambiso yahlotshaniswa nezimiso eziyingqayizivele zaseNdiya, zezenhlalo, nezezomnotho, lapho iningi labantu abadala lihlala emaphandleni angenakho ukufinyelela okusemthethweni ezimisweni zokusekela. Isimiso siqaphela ukuthi nakuba umkhaya uhlala ungumnakekeli oyinhloko, umbuso kumelwe uthathe isinyathelo ukuze unikeze amanetha okuphepha okuphepha, ikakhulukazi abafelobo abampofu, nalabo abakhubazekile.

Izinjongo Eziyinhloko Zalo Mthetho

I-NPOP iveza izinjongo eziningi ezihlanganisa imikhakha eminingi yenhlalakahle yabadala. Lemigomo ayikona nje ukufisa; iqondisa ukuklanywa kwezinhlelo, ukuqoqwa kwemithombo, nokugadwa kwemiphumela. Okulandelayo yizinhloso eziyinhloko, ngayinye edwetshwe ngomongo nezibonelo.

Ukuhlonipha Abantu

Inhloso ephambili phakathi kwemigomo ye-NPOP ukusungulwa komphakathi oqaphela abantu abadala futhi obahloniphayo. Lokhu kusho ukulwa nombono wobudala, ukukhuthaza ukuboniswa okuhle kwemithombo yezindaba, nokukhuthaza ukuxoxa phakathi kwezizukulwane. Inqubo idinga isinyathelo esiqinile sokulwa nokuxhashazwa kwabadala (ngokwasemzimbeni, ngokomzwelo, noma ngokwezimali) futhi isekela ukuthuthuka kwezinhlangano zosizo, imikhankaso yokuqaphela, nemithola-mthola ngokomthetho. Inhlonipho ihilela ukuqaphela ukuhlakanipha nokuhlangenwe nakho kwabantu abadala ngokubabandakanya ekwenzeni izinqumo emphakathini nasemizini yomkhaya. Ngokwesibonelo, uhulumeni ophethe [oct1] [oct1] [okunikeza ulwazi nenkinga kanye nokungenela, ukuveza isibopho sokuphakamisa isithunzi.

Ukunakekela Impilo

Ukukwazi ukufinyelela izinga, ukukhokha, nokunakekela impilo okungafinyeleleki, kanye nokukhula kuyinto eyinhloko ye-NPOP. Isimiso sokusekela izikhungo zokunakekela asebekhulile ezibhedlela zomphakathi, ukuqeqeshwa kochwepheshe bezempilo ekwelapheni i-gereatric, kanye nokwanda komshuwalense wezempilo kubantu abadala. Okunye okungakhokhwa kuhlanganisa [[FLT: 0] i-Aysushman Pradat Mantanri Yan Yja (PM-JAY) ehlanganisa abantu abadala abaningi abathola imali, futhi [i-FLT:2] Rasiyaya] Vashrioger, [[FLTRAG] [ifroglat:] [[FLT]] [irty] [ikhulu] izingciphelo zokunikeza usizo mahhala, izinsi zesihlalo ezisekela isihlalo ezihlala phansi kwemivini ezihlala phansi kwezezezezezezezezezezezezezezezezezezezenkulu.[enyuksi] Izinkinga zempilo, izinselele, i

Ukulondeka Kwezimali

Ubumpofu basebegugile buyinkinga enkulu, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane, abathola imali ephansi kakhulu ekuphileni kwabo futhi abakwazi ukuyithola kakhulu impesheni. I-NPOP ikhuthaza indlela ebekelwe izindleko eziningi: ukwanda kwe- Indida Gandhi National Old Age Stuanion Scheme [IGOP] [ ngaphansi kwe-National Social Confective Programme, isikhuthazo sezinhlelo zezemfunomhlalaphansi, kanye nezindlela zokufunda ezingokongakhokhelwa ngemali kubantu abadala. Inqubo isekela futhi izinhlelo zokubuyisela imali yezindlu zasebe kanye nemikhiqizo yasekhaya. Ngo-201717, uhulumeni ufaka noma isiphi i-[FLT] uMandaya Vandana Yancana (MYY], i-speninglenser, i-unicenser-od procedmistssss (uhlu lomthetho-odmist), futhi ukunciphisa kakhulu wasebe-odwa kakhulu, noma yinani lasebe. Ngokukancane kakhulu, noma yinani

Isivikelo Ekuxhashazweni

Elder abuse is a hidden crisis in India. Studies reveal that around 20% of older persons experience some form of abuse, often perpetrated by family members who are also primary caregivers. The NPOP calls for mandatory reporting of abuse, establishment of special police units for seniors, and sensitization of law enforcement personnel. The Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007, provides both preventive and punitive measures. Additionally, the policy supports older persons’ associations and neighborhood watch groups that can monitor and intervene in cases of neglect. While these mechanisms exist, low awareness and social stigma prevent many from seeking help. Strengthening outreach—particularly in rural areas—remains a key challenge.

Ukuthuthukisa Ukuguga Okumatasa

Ngalé kokunakekela nokuvikela, i-NPOP icabanga ukuthi abantu abadala banikela ngokubambisana emphakathini. Ukuguga okunengxenye esheshayo kuhlanganisa ukuhlanganyela kwezomnotho, kwezenhlalo, kwezenhlalo, nakwezokuzijabulisa. Isimiso situsa izindlela ezivumelanayo zokusebenza, izinhlelo zokuzithandela, kanye nokufunda ukuphila konke ezifundiswa izakhamuzi ezikhulile. Ohulumeni abaningi baye basungula amapulani, izikhungo zezokuzilibazisa, nezikhungo zomphakathi. [[FLD:0] I-Inted Programme for Elder Perensis [FTP] [FOLT] inikeza usizo lwezimali ezingokwezimali ezisebenzela amagumbi okunakekela amalanga, amaklabhu, amapulani aphezulu, nezikhungo zezokunakekela impilo ezihamba-selula. Nokho, ukuhliswa kwe-COVID kugqamisa umkhuhlaza okwandayo kubantu abadala nokhudwé izinhlelo eziwusizo emphakathini eziwusizo.

Ithonya Emphakathini WaseNdiya

Kusukela yatholwa, i - NPOP iye yathonya isimiso, umthetho, nenkulumo yeningi ngokuphathelene nokuguga eNdiya.

Ukuqaphela Nokwazisa Okwandayo

I-NPOP ifaka amalungelo abantu abadala engqungquthela yesizwe. Izinhlangano zomphakathi, imithombo yezindaba, nabenzi bezimiso manje baxoxa njalo ngenhlalakahle yabadala. Umkhosi waminyaka yonke wezwe lonke woLuntu oludala[ (October 1) eNdiya uhlanganisa amadipola, izingqungquthela, nezenzakalo ezikhanyisa izimpikiswano nempumelelo. Ulimi lwesimiso lwesithunzi, ukulondeka, nokuhlanganyela luye lwagcwala ezimisweni zikahulumeni ezisezingeni eliphezulu,[16] ingxenye enkulu yezifunda zaseNdiya ziye zasungula izinqubo zazo siqu zabadala ezihlangene ne-NPOP.

Ukutholakala Kwendlela Ethuthukisiwe Yokwelapha

I-NPHCE isungule amagumbi e-gereatric ezibhedlela zesifunda nabezisebenzi zezokwelapha eziqeqeshiwe, nakuba isikali sisencane. Icebo le-Ayushman Bharat linikeza isisembozo sempilo kuRs. 5 lakh ngomkhaya ngamunye, lisiza izigidi zasebekhulile. Izinhlelo ezifana I-Arearecure Health Inshuwarence [[[FLLT:1] [[FLT]] ne-Ayshman Manyadir[ (Impilo yangaphambili ne-Wells Centres) manje zihlanganisa ukuboniswa kwezifo ezingezona ezithathelwanayo ezivamile ebudaleni., futhi lenkambi ifake ukucwaninga ngokuguga, ukuhlola okuxhaswe yi-AI, ukunikezwa ukuthunyelwa kokwaziswa okuqhubekayo kukahulumeni.

Ukuvikelwa Okungokomthetho Okuqinisiwe

I-Seant and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007 yaba umphumela oqondile we-NPOP. Iyala ukuba izingane zilondoloze abazali bazo uma zingakwazi ukuzisekela, futhi inikeze indlela yokuzijezisa izikhalo phambi koMatainer Tribunals. Lo Mthetho futhi ujezisa ukulahlwa nokuxhashazwa. Phakathi neminyaka edlule, izinkulungwane zezenzakalo ziye zabekwa, okuholela ekuqapheleni okwengeziwe kwemithi engokomthetho. Nokho, lesi simiso siyancipha futhi asibi namandla okulawula.

Ukuvikelwa Kwezokulondeka Komphakathi Okuthuthukisiwe

I-IGNOAPS inikeza impesheni yenyanga zonke yeRs. 200-500 (imali ngesifundazwe) kubantu abadala abaswele. Ezinye izifundazwe ziye zanezela lokhu ngenani eliphakeme (ngokwesibonelo, iDelhi inikeza 762 000 ngenyanga, kuyilapho i-Maharashtra inikeza i-761.[2001]. I-NPOP futhi iye yathonya iNHlando Yasebezeli Yomphakathi ukuze iphakamise isigaba semali yempesheni esemthethweni yokukhipha impesheni, kanye ne-Atal Penion Yayhona (APHY) yaqala ukukhuthaza ukulondolozwa kwezisebenzi ezisezintsha. Nokho, izimali zihlala ziphansi kakhulu ngokwesidingo; abantu abaningi abadala bakhishwa ngaphandle ngenxa yokuswela izimpawu noma ukungafaneleki.

Izinselele Ekufezeni Imisebenzi

Naphezu kokuphumelela kwayo, i - NPOP ibhekene nezithiyo ezinkulu ezivimbela ukuphumelela kwayo.

Ukungakhi Okunele Nemithombo Yengcebo

Ukuxhasa izinhlelo zezenhlalakahle zabadala kuhlala kulinganiselwe uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izingxenye zezenhlalakahle. Izinhlelo zempesheni zamazwe agugile zihlanganisa kuphela amashumi amabili nanhlanu, futhi imali yanyanga zonke ingaphansi kakhulu komngcele wobumpofu. Izimiso zezempilo zezempilo zasebekhulile zanele ngokweshwa: i-Indiya inezigiliya eziqediwe ezingaphansi kwenkulungwane kubantu abadala abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi 138. Izindawo zasemaphandle, lapho abantu abadala abangu-70% behlala khona, bentula khona imitholampilo ekhethekile, izikhungo zokwelapha, futhi ngisho nezokuthutha eziyisisekelo ezibhedlela zesigodi. IPOP ilinganiselwe kakhulu nge-NGOS, ishiya imiphakathi eminingi ingenazo zosizo zokusekela.

Ukuqaphela Okulinganiselwe Nokungaphatheki Kwezenhlalo

Abantu abaningi asebekhulile abawazi amalungelo abo ngaphansi kwe-NPOP noma ukutholakala kwezinhlelo. Ukungafundi, ubumpofu, nokuntula ukufinyelela kobuchwepheshe kuthuthukisa igebe lokwaziswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo zengqondo zomphakathi ngokuvamile ziphatha abantu asebekhulile njengemithwalo noma njengezingenakukwazi, zibakhungathekisa ekusebenziseni amalungelo abo. Ukuvinjelwa kwempilo yengqondo kuvimbela abaningi ukuba bafune usizo ekucindezelekeni noma ekuphazameni. Umgomo walenkambisweni wokukhuthaza “ukukhula ngokuguga” ukungqubuzana nenkathi eqinile evimbela amathuba abantu abadala emsebenzini nasemisebenzini yomphakathi.

Ukuhlanganiswa Okuhlukahlukene Kwamazwe

I-NPOP iwuhlelo olulawula ngokweqile, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwemithetho kuxhomeke kakhulu kohulumeni bezwe, abanamakhono ahlukene futhi abaza kuqala. Izwe elifumile njenge-Kerala ne-Tamil Nadu liye lasungula izinhlelo zenhlala- kahle yabadala, kuyilapho amazwe ampofu esele ngemva. Ukungabikho kwegunya elikhulu elisebenzisa iziqondiso ezibophayo kuholela ekuhlanganiseni imibandela eqinile. Ukuhlobana phakathi kwemisebenzi yezentengiselwano, iJaji leNconial Development, nezezimali (izezeNPOP), okungakaze kuxazululeki ezinkingeni ezintsha njengobuchwepheshe nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.

Ukwanda Kwezifo Ezingangenwa Yikho Nokungakhubazeki

Njengoba amaNdiya ephila isikhathi eside, umthwalo wezifo ezingapheli , isifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, isifo samathambo, isifo sokuqaqamba kwengqondo . Isimiso sokunakekela impilo asihlonyiselwe ukunikeza isikhathi eside, ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo okudingeka yilezi zimo. Amalungiselelo empilo eNPOP awazange agcine ijubane nesidingo sokunakekela kwasekhaya, ukunakekela kwasekhaya, nokusekela. Ngokufanayo, ukukhubazeka phakathi kwasebekhulile kuyabikwa futhi akunandlela efanelekile. [[FLT: 0] [i-Rashtriya Vayoshrioshriosaya [ inikeza imishini esizayo, kodwa izinhlu zokunakekela zikhona ezinde nokusekela.

Iziqondiso Nezituso Zesikhathi Esizayo

Ukuze kuqiniswe i - National Policy on Elder Persons futhi kuvumelaniswe nezinto ezingokoqobo, kudingeka izenzakalo eziningana ezingokwenqubo.

Ubuchwepheshe Obunyakazisayo Nokwenyuka Kwamanani

Ubuchwepheshe bungathuthukisa ukuphila kwabantu abadala ngokuphawulekayo — ngokudlula kwe-telemedicine, ukugada okuhambayo, ama-dendeval divbural, kanye namapulatifomu okuxhumanisa abantu. I-NPOP kufanele ithuthukise ngokuqondile izinhlelo zolwazi lokufunda ngamanani kubantu abadala futhi iqinisekise ukuthi amatheku kahulumeni afinyeleleka (amaqwema amakhulu, iziyalezo zezwi, amavidiyo [FLT:]] Digatel umkhankaso wokuhlanganisa izingxenye ezingaphezulu ze-ikhono zobungane. Nokho, ubuchwepheshe akumelwe bungenele ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-inthambiza-mfonso: okungamele ihlale ikhona ngalabo abangangeni kuyi-intanethi. Izibonelo ezifana ne-[FLT:] Universition Decture [FLT] [FFF:]]

Ukuqinisa Izibonelo Zokunakekela Ezisekelwe Emkhakheni

Ibonelela amandla ama-Indiya okunakekela alinganiselwe, ukunakekelwa okusekelwe emphakathini ngama-albund asendaweni, amavolontiya, kanye nama-asethi abambisanayo, kunikeza ukusekela okubizayo. I-NPOP kufanele isekele ukudalwa “kwamandla okunakekelana asebenzayo” lapho abadala befaka khona imithombo yezenkulisa, amaphakathi, ama-mini, nosizo oluphakathi. Ukuqeqesha abanakekeli bomkhaya ekunakekeleni okuyisisekelo nokuqondisa ukucindezeleka nakho kubalulekile. Impumelelo ye-Keralay [[FLT: 0] Vayomithramram[[ iprojekthi, enikeza asebecky permist nesethiowe, okunikeza asebekhulile impatho yempilo neluleko, kungabuye kuhlanganwe ngo-565. I-565. I-60 .

Ukwandisa Ukuncishiswa Kwezimali Nezintambo

Imali yempesheni esetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke, engahlangani neyomphakathi wonke, engekho impesheni endala, hlela okungenani amaphesenti angu-50 omholo omncane, okuwukutusa okunzima okuvela emaqenjini amaningi omphakathi. I-NPOP kufanele iqhubele phambili ukwanda kancane kancane kwemali yempesheni nokukhokhelwa. Uhulumeni kufanele futhi usebenzise ukukhokha isikweletu kubantu abadala ngezinhlangano ezincinane, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi izinhlelo zokuguqula izimali zokunikela zisobala futhi zivikelwe ekukhwabaniseni. Ukuxhumanisa i-Aadhaar kanye nama-akhawunti asebhange kunezithutho zemali zemali ezidluliselwe kancane kancane kancane, kodwa imizamo kumelwe iqhubeke ihlanganisa nabantu abadala abaswele kakhulu imvume.

Ukuphoqelela Ukusetshenziswa Kwemithetho Nokuphoqelelwa

I-Seant and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act idinga ukumiswa okukhulu kwezinkantolo ezisheshayo zomgwaqo kanye nezinkantolo ezengeziwe. I-NPOP kufanele ibukezwe ukuze ihlanganise umthetho wamalungelo abantu abadala ophoqelelwe ngokomthetho, ofana namaLungelo abantu Abakhubazekileyo. Amalungiselelo agunyaziwe okuxhashazwa kwabadala kufanele aqiniswe, futhi ukubika okungokomthetho ngezokwelapha nezisebenzi zomphakathi kufanele kucatshangelwe. I-ombudsssman yelungelo labadala angahlola ukuvumelana nokuqulwa futhi athole izikhalo.

Ukuthuthukisa Ubuhlobo Bokuhlangana Kwabantu

Ukuguga okuqhubekayo akunakwenzeka ngokuhlukaniswa. I-NPOP kufanele ithuthukise izinhlelo ezihlanganisa abasha nabadala, njengendaba yogogo nomkhulu ezikoleni, ukuxoxa ngemisebenzi yezindlu, nokushintshana kwemisebenzi yemisebenzi yemisebenzi yemisebenzi. Ukuhlenga ukuhlukana kobudala ezindaweni zomphakathi //park, imitapo, amahholo omphakathi, amahholo omphakathi, ukuhlukana nokuhloniphana. Ukuhlakanipha kobuProfethi nokuhlangenwe nakho (WE)[FLT] inyathelo lokuqala elithatha izingqgino zobuchwepheshe njengomeluleki nomeluleki liyinyathelo lokuyandisa indlela efanele futhi kufanele landiswe.

Ukusingatha Izidingo Eziqondile Zamaqembu Anemibono Ehlukahlukene

I-NPOP kumelwe isolwe kangcono abesifazane asebekhulile, abafelokazi, abampofu kakhulu, nalabo abahlala bodwa. Izinhlelo ezithinta inhliziyo − njengempesheni ephambili kwabesifazane asebekhulile, amaqembu okusekela okukhethekile, kanye nokuqaphela amalungelo empahla (kubalulekile). Ngokufanayo, asebekhulile besizwe nasemaphandleni, ngokuvamile abangatholi ngisho nezigunyazo eziyisisekelo, badinga ukuthathwa ngokunikezelwa ngama-gram panchayat. Inqubo kufanele igunyaze ukuqoqwa kokwaziswa okungagcinwa ezindaweni ezithile ukuze kulandelele lamaqembu futhi kulungise ukungenela.

Isiphetho

I-National Policy on Oldre Persons isalokhu iyincwadi eyisisekelo yendlela yokufinyelela kwe-Indiya emphakathini ogugile. Iye yabeka isiqondiso esicacile ``Ihloniphekile', ukulondeka, nokuhlanganyela'' kwaye ifake umthetho obalulekile nezinhlelo. Nokho, igebe phakathi kwenhloso yezimiso neqiniso eliyisisekelo lisabanzi. Iwashi lokubala liyanda: ngo-2030, i-Indiya liyoba nezakhamuzi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-200 ezikhulile. i-NPOP kumelwe ishintshele ekubeni i-injini enamandla, ihlome kakhulu, futhi isebenzise isisekelo esiqinile esithinta izimpande zobudala lapho imikhosi yasebe abadala igubhabha, njengoba ifuna ukuba isizwe esithuthukile, impumelelo yayo ngeke ibonwe kuphela ngokukhula kodwa ngendlela engcono. I-NPOP, futhi iqinise ukulondeka komphakathi wonke umuntu omdala, futhi ihloniphana, izinjongo ezikhona, futhi zifanele, njengoba zifuna ukulondeswa, njengoba i-Indiya ifuna ukuphumelela, impumelelo, futhi impumelelo.

Ukufundwa okwengeziwe, kubhekisa kumthetho wezwe ku-' kubantu abadala 1999 (PDF), i-United Nations Ageing Resources [, kanye ne [[FLT] World Health Organizationing Ageling and Health ikhasi lembulunga yonke.