Isingeniso: I - Raje Sabra’s Constitution Mandaday Ekubuseni Inhlekelele

Isimiso sikahulumeni saseNdiya sibeka ukulawulwa kwenhlekelele njengendaba yokubhekana nomthwalo wemfanelo okhona, idinga kokubili i-Union nohulumeni bezwe ukuba bathathe isinyathelo sokuthatha isinyathelo sokuthatha isinyathelo. Ngalesi simiso, iRajeya Sabhaha − i-Council of States − isebenza njengegumbi lemithetho emelelwayo ezindaweni zaseNdiya ezihlukahlukene nezindawo ezihlangeneyo. Indima yayo ekulungiseni umthetho wokulawula inhlekelele ayisekelwe nje ekwakhekeni; iyisisekelo. Ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi imithetho iphikisana ngobuchwepheshe bezifunda, icubunganisa ukulingana kwezindawo, futhi ithuthukiswe ngomsebenzi wekomiti ebanzi, i-Rajiya Sabha iqinisa ikhono le-India lokulungiselela, ukusabela, nokulula ezinhlekeleleni engokwemvelo. Lesi sihloko sinweba ohangenisweni lokulungisa inhlekelele eNdiya, imisebenzi ye-Syahab, ne-ovalvice yesizwe.

Isisekelo Somthetho - sisekelo Nemithetho

Lapho Ukuphatha Inhlekelele Kufaneleka Khona Eqenjini Lomthetho - sisekelo LaseNdiya

I-Constitution of India ayidwebi ngokuqondile “ukuphathwa kwe-disciation .” Kunalokho, ikhipha igunya elingokomthetho kumalungiselelo amaningi. Ukungena 14 oHlwini I (Uhlu lwe-Union) kuhlanganisa“ i-quantine, izikhumulo zemikhumbi,” kuyilapho ingena e-6 of List III (Uhlu lwezigebengu) (Uhlu lwezingalo zezenhlalakahle) ihlanganisa “ukulondeka komphakathi nomshuwalense wezenhlalo.” Ithuluzi eliyinhloko elingokomthetho `i-Dascated Act, 2005/(wafakwa ngaphansi kweSiphakamiso 253 ngaphansi kweSiphakamiso se-Uhlu, i-Palamendel, inika iPalamendemende yemithetho yezizwe zonke ihloko nemihlangano. I-Syahashaha ifeza indima ebucayi ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi umthetho uhulumeni ohlangene futhi awuthathiwe yizithakaze izithakaze. I-Syam, i-Primententensi ye-ograyray ezindaweni ezisontweni elise.

UMthetho Wokuphathwa Kwenhlekelele, Ngo - 2005: Uphawu Oluyindawo Ephakeme Lomthetho

Ngaphambi kuka-2005, i-Indiya yasabela ezinhlekeleleni isisekelo se-hoc nge-National Crisis Komiti yoBuphathi be-Intelligence nezimiso zosizo zikahulumeni. I-Act yamisa isakhiwo esihlala njalo:

  • National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) - - obekwa isihlalo nguNdunankulu, ophethe umthetho, amacebo, neziqondiso.
  • [ Iziphathimandla zezwe zenhlekelele (SDMAs)[[FT:1] – ezibekwa isihlalo yizikhonzi eziyinhloko, ukuqinisekisa ukuhlelwa okucacile kukahulumeni.
  • Iziphathimandla ze-Digecal Disaster Disaster Disaster Disaster Management (ama-DDMA) – iholwa abaqoqi be-Fourth College, ihlanganisa ukuphatha kwendawo.
  • National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM) – ukuhlanganisa amandla nokucwaninga.
  • Imposiso yezwe yenhlekelele (NDRF) – iziphetho ezikhethekile.

I-Raje Sabra yaphikisana kakhulu neBhilli, iphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngokwezimali, ngokuzibusa kukahulumeni, nendima yezindikimba zendawo. IParliamentary Committee on Home Affairs, ehlanganisa amalungu amaningana eRajiya Sabha, yahlola udwebo ngokuhlola okuqinile. Umthetho wokugcina wabonisa okuningi kwalokhu kufakwa, njengamalungiselelo okuhlakanipha kombuso ekuhleleni amacebo okuphendula nokuqaphela ulwazi olungokwesiko ngezindlela zokulungisa.

I - Legislative Toolkit Ekuphatheni Inhlekelele

Ukuhlola Amakomiti Omnyango Amisiwe Ephalamende

Isimiso sekomiti kaRaje Sabra siyindawo ebaluleke kakhulu yokukhosela inhlekelele ehlangene nomthetho. Ihlola izindleko ze-Home Affaeirs ezibhekiswe yi-Chairman, Rajiya Sabhaha, futhi imema ubufakazi obuqapheyo obuvela kumabhulawu, ososayensi, umphakathi wezakhamuzi, kanye nemiphakathi ethintekile. Isibonelo, phakathi nokubukezwa kwenhlekelele (Amendment) Bill, 2024] efuna ukuqinisa ukuhlanganisa ukwaziswa kwenhlekelele nokwakha inhlekelele yezwe lonke, ukuxhumana mayelana nezindawo zomuntu siqu, ukuhleleka ulwazi oluvamile, nokuthwala umthwalo wezimali ezizweni. Imibiko enjalo, nakuba ingaphethe, iphethe ukuziphatha okuhle nokukhulu. Ivame ukuhola uhulumeni ukuba imvume yokuvota.

Izimpikiswano Nomfanekiso Wesifunda

ISiphakamiso 80 soMthetho-sisekelo siqinisekisa ukuthi amalungu kaRaje Sabha akhethwa amalungu emihlangano yomthetho kahulumeni ekhethiwe, ewenza aqondise izithakazelo zikahulumeni. Ezingxabanweni zokuphatha inhlekelele, lokhu kuguqula i-divvocacy enamandla. Ngokwesibonelo:

  • Amalungu asemazweni angasogwini alokhu elwela izimiso ezinamandla zokulwa nokulondolozwa kwemithi yemihlume njengesivikelo semvelo.
  • Abameleli bezwe laseHimalaya bafuna ukuba kuhlolwe iqhwa futhi kuhlolwe inqwaba yamaphupho ayingozi.
  • Amalungu asezindaweni ezivela esomiso agcizelela ukugcinwa kwamanzi isikhathi eside kanye nezolimo zesimo sezulu.

Ngenxa yokuthi iRaje Sabra iyiNdlu yaphakade (ayikho okungadilizwa), inikeza ukuqhubekeka. Lapho i-Lok Sabba ingashintsha khona ngokushesha ngemva kokhetho, iRajiya Sabra igcina inkumbulo engokwezinqubo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kubaphathi benhlekelele, okudinga ukugxila okuqhubekayo emijikelezweni yokuzilungiselela, ukusabela, ukululama, nokulunga.

Amasheke Nokulinganisela Kwe - Lok Sabha

IRaje Sabba ayinakuqala izikweletu zemali, kodwa ingabambezela, i-antend, noma ilahle umthetho ovamile. Kubaphathi benhlekelele − kaningi kuhilela imali enkulu yezimali zosizo, ezezimali, zesisekelo, nokuqeqeshwa (lendlela yokuhlola) ibalulekile. Umthetho ohlelwe kabi owehlisa amandla amakhulu kakhulu noma ongawunaki umthetho owenziwe ngemithetho ehlangeneyo ungavinjelwa noma uthunyelwe emuva ukuze ubukeze. [inani elingu-Dissaster Management Act, 2005 ekuqaleni wasikisela igunya elinamandla elinezindima ezilinganiselwe. I-jabyaha, ngekomiti yayo yempi, ifaka ngempumelelo amalungiselelo okulondolo lwesizwe noma imfuneko yezwe elivumelana nemithetho yesizwe phakathi nale nhlekelele. I-Rajiyaha engcono kakhulu kusetshenziswa umthetho wesizwe sokucwenga kahle.

Ukuphatha Nokulandisa Ngaphandle Kokubekwa Ngokomthetho

Ihora Lombuzo Nehora Leqanda

I-Raje Sabra ifuna ukulandisa kuhulumeni ophethe ngokubuza njalo. Phakathi nehora le-Umbuzo, amalungu angaphakamisa izimpikiswano ezithile ezihlobene nokuzilungiselela inhlekelele, ukuthatha indiva, nokukhushulwa kwemali. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemva kwezikhukhula zase-Keralala ka-2018, uRaje Sabba amalungu avela kuhulumeni wakhona abuza ngokuphindaphindiwe ngohulumeni ophethe ngokukhishwa kwe-National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF) kanye nokungavumelani kosizo lwezesayensi. Lemibuzo iphoqelela ukuba kukhiswe ukwaziswa, kuthethelele, futhi kubeke igcine izinqumo zesikhathi. sholl (ngaphandle kwesaziso) ivumela amalungu ukuba aqaphele ngokushesha izinhlekelele ezambulekayo."5] njengokusondela kwesiphepho se-Ny Bay of Bengal noma ingozi yezemboni yezemboni noma i-fekishini.)

Imibiko Yamakomiti Nokulandelela

Ngaphezu kokuhlola incwadi yemali, amakomiti eRaje Sabha aveza imibiko eningiliziwe ngokuphathelene nokuphatha inhlekelele. iKomiti yoMnyango WezeNdoda (ehlanganisa iRajiya Sabha amalungu ayo) ihlola futhi ukutholakala kwezixwayiso zenhlekelele ngezilimi zamaNdiya. Ukuma kweKomiti eMakhaya [ njalo] ihlola ukusebenza kweNDMA, NDRF, neziphathimandla zikahulumeni, yenza ukutusa ekudluliseni kokuqala kwesixwayiso, ukuhlanganyela komphakathi, nokuhlanganyela komphakathi. Lemibiko ifakwa etafuleni eMzindlweni, futhi ngokuvamile iholwa ezinhlanganweni zezokulungisa.

Ukunakekela Izimali Zezinhlekelele

Indima ye-Raje Sabra yokwamukela uhlelo lokusebenzisa imali yaminyaka yonke ihlanganisa ukucubungula izakhiwo ze- National Disaster Resolution Fund (NDRF) ne- National Disaster Mitigation Fund (NDMF). Amalungu angafuna ukuthethelelwa kwezehlulelo zempoqo, angabaza imibandela yezabelo zikahulumeni, futhi asekele ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwemali empimpilweni (inguquko) ebambene nenkokhelo (impatho). Lokhu kubucayi ngenxa yokuthi yonke imikhuba esetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke ekunciphiseni i-informationssssssssss, i-eveinformations.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo: Ithonya LikaRaje Sabra Ngezimpendulo Ezithile Zenhlekelele

Izikhukhula ZaseKerala Ngo - 2018: INkathi Yokushintsha Ukunakekela Okungokomthetho

NgoAugust 2018, iKerala yabhekana nezikhukhula zayo ezimbi kakhulu ekhulwini leminyaka. IRajiya Sabhaha ngokushesha yaba nezingxoxo, amalungu ombuso enikeza imininingwane ngenani lembubhiso: ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kuka-480, izigidi ezingu-1,4 ababaleka kwamanye amazwe, nokulahlekelwa okungokomnotho okungaphezu kuka-331. Ukungenela kwe-Gickya Sabba kwahlanganisa:

  • [[UMTH:0] Ukwenzelwa i-metabase yenhlekelele yezwe - - ukuthatha izikhala zangempela zesikhathi sokuphendula.
  • Ukuhlanganisa phakathi kwenqubo yokusebenza ebambezele ukuguquguquka kwezinga lombuso ekusetshenzisweni kwemisebe.
  • Ukulungisa isikhathi eside kudlulela ngalé kokukhululeka okusheshayo, kuhlanganise nokwakhiwa kabusha kwezindlu kanye nokusekelwa kokuphila.

Uhulumeni wabuye walungisa imithetho ethile, enjengokuvumela imibuso ukuba isebenzise izimali ze-NDRF ekulungiseni izakhiwo zomphakathi ezingaphezulu kwesilinganiso sezinsuku ezingu-30. Lokhu kubonisa indlela ukuqapha okuphikelelayo iRajiya Sabra okungabangela ngayo izinguquko ekulawuleni.

I - Uttarankhand Glacier Burst: Institutional Accounting

NgoFebruary 2021, iqhwa laqhuma esifundeni saseChamoli labangela isikhukhula esikhulu esabhubhisa imisebenzi emibili yamandla adonswa ngemvula futhi sabulala inqwaba. URaje Sabha amalungu abuza ukususwa kwendawo ezungezile kwemisebenzi, ukunemba kwengozi yechibi leqhwa, kanye nokungalingani kwezimiso zesixwayiso zakudala. [[FML:0] Ukuvinjelwa kwe-Palamente e-Redary Committee on Energy[[[FLL:1] [noRaja Sabha umbukiso we-option)) wahlola futhi wabiza i-radium emikhakheni esheshayo esendaweni egcwele i-indawo ephakeme kakhulu ezungezile kuze kube ukuhlola okukhulu kwemvula. Lokhu kwaholela ekunqanyulweni kwesikhashana kwe-Galavision futhi kwavuse-Galbacracse-Glugn (ultFlugn).

Izinselele Nokugxekwa Kwendima KaRaje Sabha

Ukulibala Kwezinyathelo Zomthetho

Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi i-Raje Sabba enciphisa amandla enguquko inganciphisa umthetho wesimo esiphuthumayo. Emkhakheni onozwela njengokuphathwa kwenhlekelele . laha ukusetshenziswa komthetho kungasho umehluko phakathi kokuphila nokufa . .Izimpikiswano ezithathekayo zingaba nezingakhinyabeza. Nokho, abasekeli baphikisa ukuthi inani elisindisa ukuphila lomthetho owenziwe kahle lidlula izindleko zamasonto ambalwa engeziwe empikiswano. Isihluthulelo siwukushaya ukulinganisa, kanti isimiso sekomiti iRajey Sabha sivame ukwenza kanjalo ngokulungisa izikweletuze ngokuphotha ngokushesha kuyilapho isavumela ukuba kuhlolwe ngokucophelela.

Ukwenezelwa Kwezombangazwe

Njenganoma yimuphi umkhakha womthetho, iRaje Sabra ayigonyelwanga ukunqanda iziphepho. Izindleko zokuphatha inhlekelele zingaba sengozini yezingxabano zezombangazwe, ikakhulukazi uma zihilela izimpikiswano eziphikisanayo ezinjengokuzibusa kwezwe, izindlela zokuxhasa ngemali, noma ukubekwa kwemithetho engokomthetho. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Dissaster Management (Amendration) Bill, 2024 ibhekene nokuphikiswa amalungu ayephikisa ukuthi i-SDMAS ngokunikeza ulawulo lwe-NDMA oluqondile lwezimo ezisebenzayo phakathi namazwana. Ikomiti yepalamery yatusa ukuphatha okulinganisela ngokwengeziwe, u-RGreverselk [2024 [FLD:1] lapho iqinisa ukubambisana.

Amandla Alinganiselwe

Nakuba iRaje Sabra ingadalula ukwehluleka futhi itusa isenzo, ayinakuphoqelela ngokuqondile ukutusa kwayo. Ukuphumelela okukhulu kuxhomeke kumphathi. Ngakho, ukuphumelela kukaRajeya Sabba umqondisi kuxhomeke kakhulu ekuzimiseleni kukahulumeni ukwenza. Ezimweni lapho isigaba esibusayo sineningi kuzo zombili izindlu, indlu ephezulu ingasebenza ‘ njengesitembu esiqinile, ukunciphisa indima yaso njengeseshwa. Lokhu kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokulondoloza ukuphikiswa okuqinile nezinqubo zekomiti ezisebenzayo.

Intuthuko Yamuva Neziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo

Ukuphathwa Kwenhlekelele (Ukuncishiswa Kwenhlekelele) UBill, 2024

Ihloselwe ukuvuselela uMthendeleko ka-2005, le ngqungquthela ihlongoza ukugcinwa kwenhlekelele yezwe, ihlanganisa ukuhlelwa kwezingozi zesimo sezulu, futhi imisa isimiso sokuxhumana esiphuthumayo esiyinhloko. Ukuhlola kwekomiti ye-Rajiya Sabra kwaveza izimpikiswano ezingase zivele: izinkathazo zemininingwane, umthwalo wezimali ezizweni zokunakekela ingosi yemininingwane, nengozi yokuhlelwa kwezindawo ezingaphezulu kakhulu. Ngasekuqaleni konyaka ka-2025, uBill uyacwengwa, njengoba uhulumeni ulindele ukuhlanganisa iziphakamiso eziningi zekomiti. Lokhu kuyaqhubeka kubonisa indlela i-Rajiya Sabra ehlala ibalulekile ngayo ekugcineni umthetho wezentethele ngosizo lwengozi olusheshayo.

Ukubambisana Okusekelayo Kwamazwe

I-Rajiya Sabba ingafeza indima ebalulekile ekususeni imingcele eqonde phezulu (ezweni) neqonde (elisesifundeni sasenyakatho). Ngokwesibonelo, inhlekelele emfuleni ingadinga ukukhuphuka nomfula, amazwe ahlanganyela ukwaziswa nokukhipha amanzi. Isiteji likaRajiya Sabba lingavumela amalungu asemazweni athintekile ukuba asekele izinhlangano zezempathiso ezisezindaweni ezisezindaweni ezihlukene. Ngokufanayo, njengoba iNdiya ibhekene nezingozi ezikhulayo zesimo sezulu, indlu ephezulu ingaphoqelela ukubhekana nenhlekelele njengendawo yokuqala ehamba phambili embonini, ezolimele embonini, ezolingweni, ezindaweni zasedolobheni, nakwezempilo.

Ubuchwepheshe Nokucwaninga Okubi

URaje Sabra amakomiti aseqalile kakade ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuvelayo .ukuhlakanipha kokuzenzela ukuxwayisa kwasekuqaleni, ukuhlola ukulimala, nokuhlola ama-opera afuna ukuphenywa nokuhlengwa. Imibiko iye yafuna ukutshala okwengeziwe ekucwaningeni kwesizwe, ukuhlola okukhulu kakhulu izimpawu zesixwayiso, nokuqeqesha kwezikhulu zendawo. Indlu ephezulu futhi ihlelwe kahle kakhulu ukuze ihlole imikhuba engcono kakhulu emhlabeni wonke ngokumema ochwepheshe nokuhlola imifanekiso evela emazweni anjengeJapane, New Zealand, neBangladesh. Ukuqonda okukhiqinisweyo kungamisa izimo nemithetho emisha.

Isiphetho: Isimiso Esingenakuxazululwa Sokubusa Inhlekelele

Indima kaRaje Sabra ekuqondiseni umthetho wokulawula inhlekelele ayiyona nje imikhosi. Inikeza umthetho-sisekelo lapho izinselele ezinkulu zezwe, zesimo sezulu, nezenhlalo nezezomnotho zimelelwa khona. Ngamakomiti ayo, izimpikiswano, imibuzo, nokuhlola okungokwezimali, indlu ephezulu iqinisekisa ukuthi imithetho ayizwakali ngokomthetho kuphela kodwa futhi ayizwakali kahle, futhi idinga ukuvuleka, futhi iyasabela ezimweni ezisemhlabathini. Nakuba izinselele zesivinini, ukujikeleza, nokugcinwa kwemithetho kuqhubeka, iRajiya Sabba ihlala iyinsika ebaluleke kakhulu yokulawula inhlekelele yaseNdiya. Njengoba ukukhula kwezinhlekelele ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, isidingo sokuchuma, umthetho wezinga eliphezulu, nowongahluzelelwe kahle, umthetho wezwe uSayabhaha iyakukhula kuphela.

[[FLT: 0] I-Discoclaimer: Lesi sihloko sidweba emarekhodini ephalamende, imibiko, nezincwadi ezisemthethweni ezikhona obala. Ukuqhubeka ufunda, vakashela i-website i-Rajiya Sabba , [[FLT]] [[FLT]]] NDMALY[[], kanye nocwaningo lwezentengiso [